Nghin cu cc b u cho quang s dng cho mng thng tin quang

Study of Cross-connects for Optical Communication Network Trn Quc Vit, Hong Xun Nguyn, Phm Vn Hi ABSTRACT: In this paper, we present two types of 2x2 wavelength switching block based on optical space switching. In first, a 2x2 fixed wavelength switching block which can cross-connect two fixed channels between two optical fibers and the second a 2x2 tunable wavelength switching block, which can cross-connect any two channels between two optical fibers. We can use these standard blocks to make multiwavelength probable conversion crossconnects for optical communication networks. 1. Gii thiu
Thng tin cp quang ang c s dng cho tt c cc loi hnh thng tin hin i nh in thoi, truyn hnh, s liu v Internet. Vic ni ghp cc mng thng tin cc b bng cp quang vi nhau v vi mng quc gia thnh mt h thng qun l v m bo thng tin thng sut trong mi tnh hung tr thnh mi quan tm hng u ca cc c quan qun l v khai thc vin thng. Cc b ghp knh phn chia bc sng (WDM) khng nhng ch lm tng dung lng truyn dn trn si quang m cn c th n gin ho thao tc mng nh gii thiu v khi nim lp truyn ti quang [1]. Cc b u cho nhiu bc sng l cc phn t then cht trong vic nh li cu hnh cc mng WDM. Theo cch thng thng, vic to mt b u cho cn thit tch v ghp tt c cc knh WDM trong cc si quang [2]. iu ny c hiu qu trong mt s nt trung tm m hu nh lu lng cn thit c u cho. Mt vi trng hp nt ch cn u cho mt t knh gia cc si quang, cch thng thng t c hiu qu hn khi rt nhiu knh WDM c gi truyn trong si quang. Tch v ghp tt c cc knh cng nh p t hiu ng lc trong cc knh WDM r mch s gii hn vic ni tip tng cc b u cho quang. Mt b u cho nhiu bc sng 2x2 (MWXC) da vo cc khi chuyn mch bc sng chun c t ra trc y [3] v thc t c [4], n h tr u cho b phn ca cc knh WDM gia hai si quang. Cu trc bao gm s cc khi chuyn mch bc sng trong mt dy, v mi mt khi cc b u cho hai knh c cng mt bc sng gia hai si quang. Trong mt vi trng hp, cc knh c u cho gia hai si quang s khng cn thit c cng mt bc sng. Nh minh ho hnh 1, hai mng RING quang c ni i qua mt nt u cho quang. Knh t RING#1 cn thit c u cho n RING#2 c bc sng i, trong khi knh t RING#2 cn thit u cho n

RING#1 c bc sng j, . S dch bc sng l cn thit khi i j, trnh vic chn bc sng.
j

RING#1

RING#2
OXC

Hnh 1. Nt u cho quang ni hai mng RING, cc knh c cc bc sng khc nhau cn trao i ln nhau Cc bc sng chuyn i c thm vo cc khi chuyn mch bc sng. V vy, hai kiu mi ca khi chuyn mch bc sng c a ra trong bi bo ny, v d mt khi chuyn mch bc sng c nh 2x2 c th u cho hai knh bc sng c nh gia hai si quang, v mt khi chuyn mch bc sng iu hng c 2x2 c th u cho bt k hai knh no gia hai si quang do s dng cc b ghp knh xen/tch quang iu hng c (OADMs) v cc b chuyn i bc sng iu hng c.

2. Chuyn mch v u ni cho quang 2.1. Khi chuyn mch bc sng c nh 2x2
Cu trc ca mt khi chuyn mch bc sng c nh 2x2 c trnh by trn hnh 2(a). Hai OADMs c ni n u vo cc si quang c cc bc sng ng vi cc knh c u cho, v d OADM#1 ni n si quang#1 c bc sng trung tm 1 v OADM#2 ni n si quang#2 c bc sng trung tm 2. Hai knh c tch s c cung cp vo mt chuyn mch khng gian quang 2x2. Hai b chuyn i bc sng c a thm vo cc cng ca OADMs tng ng, v mi b chuyn i bc sng c bc sng ra c nh ging nh bc sng xen/tch ca lin kt OADM. Khi chuyn mch khng gian trng thi "cho", knh tch t si quang#1 s c thm vo si quang#2 sau khi bc sng c i t 1 thnh 2 bi b chuyn i bc sng. T khi knh gc c 2 trong si quang#2 c tch bi OADM#2, s chn s khng xut hin. Tng t nh vy, knh tch t si quang#2 s c thm vo si quang#1 sau khi bc sng c i t 2 thnh 1 bi b chuyn i bc sng khc. Tt c cc knh trong hai si quang c xuyn qua khi. Khi chuyn mch khng gian quang trng thi "thng", knh tch t si quang#1 s c ni tr li si quang#1 sau khi c s chuyn i vo cng bc sng, v tng t knh c tch t si quang#2 s c ni tr li si quang#2. Trong trng hp ny, cc knh s khng c i gia hai si quang.

I1(1,...,i,j,M)
si quang#1 1

vo tch OADM#1 Chuyn mch khng gian

ra xen 1

O1(1,...,i,j,M)

B chuyn i bc sng

B chuyn i bc sng tch vo OADM#2 xen 2 ra

I2(1,...,i,j,M)
si quang#2

O2(1,...,i,j,M)

a) Kiu bc sng c nh

I1(1,...,i,j,M)
si quang#1 i

vo tch OADM#1 Chuyn mch khng gian

ra xen i

O1(1,...,i,j,M)
B chuyn i bc sng iu hng c

I2(1,...,i,j,M)
si quang#2

tch vo OADM#2

xen ra

B chuyn i bc sng iu hng c

O2(1,...,i,j,M)

b) Kiu bc sng iu hng c

Hnh 2. Lc cc khi chuyn mch bc sng 2x2 (a) Kiu bc sng c nh (b) Kiu bc sng iu hng c

2.2 Khi chuyn mch bc sng iu hng c 2x2

Hnh 2(b) trnh by cu trc khi chuyn mch bc sng iu hng c 2x2 tng t khi chuyn mch bc sng c nh 2x2 loi tr OADMs iu hng c v c cc b chuyn i bc sng iu hng c s dng thay v cc b chuyn i bc sng c nh. Bt k hai knh no c u cho gia hai si quang c

tch u tin bi hai OADMs iu hng c iu chnh cc bc sng vi cc knh tng ng. Hai knh tch c chuyn mch trong chuyn mch khng gian quang hot ng trong trng thi "cho", v mi ci hnh ng chuyn i bc sng iu hng ca n. Mi b chuyn i bc sng lun lun iu chnh bc sng ra ca n c cng mt bc sng xen/tch ca OADM m n c ni n, v chuyn i bt k u vo no n bc sng ny. Cc knh chuyn i c thm vo tng ng vi cc si quang u ra qua cc cng thm vo ca OADMs. Khi chuyn mch khng gian quang c lp trng thi "thng", cc knh s khng b thay i. OADMs iu hng c th c a ra thc t bng cch khc, v d cc b lc m-quang [5] hoc cch t Bragg c iu hng [6]. Mt vi kiu ca b chuyn i bc sng c bo co c th lm iu hng bi s s dng cc ngun thm d quang iu hng c [7], [8]. Cc chuyn mch khng gian 2x2 c cho php v mt thng nghip, nh chuyn mch quang-c hoc chuyn mch nhit-quang.

2.3. Cc b u cho nhiu bc sng

Mt b u cho nhiu bc sng 2x2 c th c xy dng bi vic ni tip tng cc khi chuyn mch bc sng 2x2 ( xem hnh 3) . u cho trong MWXC ph thuc vo kiu khi chuyn mch bc sng 2x2 v s cc khi. Khi mi mt si quang ch M knh bc sng, nh li cu hnh y MWXC cn thit ni tng M2 khi chuyn mch bc sng c nh 2x2, hoc M khi chuyn mch bc sng iu hng c 2x2. Trong trng hp cu hnh y khng cn thit trong mt nt OXC, s cn s khi t hn. Nt c th lun lun nng cp d dng bi vic thm nhiu khi khi cn tng u cho. C th tm thy khi chuyn mch bc sng c nh 2x2 x l mt cu trc n gin, nhng ch ph hp cho cc nt u cho quang vi u ni mc thp; trong khi khi chuyn mch bc sng iu hng c 2x2 c cu trc phc tp hn, nhng li c tnh linh ng cao v ph hp hn cho cc nt OXC vi u ni mc cao.
I1 O1

I2

O2

Cc khi chuyn mch bc sng 2x2

Hnh 3.

B u cho bc sng 2x2 c xy dng bi cc khi chuyn mch bc sng 2x2.

3. Th nghim
chng minh khi nim c bn v cc khi chuyn mch bc sng 2x2, mt khi chuyn mch bc sng c nh 2x2 c xy dng th nghim hnh 4. Hai OADMs c cch t Bragg trong si quang v cu hnh giao thoa Mach-Zehnder c bc sng xen/tch c nh c s dng. Hai b chuyn i bc sng iu

hng c da vo s iu ch khuch i cho trong bn dn khuch i quang (SOAs) c ni n OADMs. Chuyn mch khng gian quang c cu hnh n gin bi cc kt ni nhn cng vi xuyn m t chuyn mch quang c thp [4] v khng tnh n tc chuyn mch. Tm knh WDM c tch bi tn s ch 200GHz trong mi si quang vo, v mi knh c iu ch bi mt tn hiu NRZ ti 10Gb/s vi chiu di mu PRBS (231-1). Si quang#1 c ni n OADM#1 vi bc sng trung tm 1556nm v si quang#2 c ni n OADM#2 vi bc sng trung tm 1559nm. Bc sng ra ca b chuyn i bc sng lin kt vi OADM#1 c iu chnh ti 1556nm, trong khi u ra ca b chuyn i bc sng lin kt vi OADM#2 c iu chnh ti 1559nm. Cc kt ni t hai cng tch ca OADMs n cc cng vo ca b chuyn i bc sng c i nhn cng theo chuyn mch khng gian trng thi "cho " hay "thng". Sau khi chuyn mch bc sng, knh 1556nm t si quang#1 v knh 1559nm t si quang#2 c tch knh v tch sng bi u nhn (PIN). Hnh 5 trnh by s ph thuc ca t l li bt BER vo cng sut quang c xc nh theo bn tnh hung sau : Knh ti 1556nm c tch t si quang#1 c chuyn i n 1559nm v c thm vo si quang#2, xem nh 1556 1559. Knh ti 1559nm c tch t si quang#2 c chuyn i n 1556nm v c thm vo si quang#1, xem nh 1559 1556. Knh ti 1556nm c tch t si quang#1 c chuyn i cng bc sng v c thm tr li si quang#1, xem nh 1556 1556. Knh ti 1559nm c tch t si quang#2 c chuyn i cng bc sng v c thm tr li si quang#2, xem nh 1559 1559. Trong s bn tnh hung ny, tnh hung u tin v th hai l ng vi chuyn mch quang trng thi cho, trong khi tnh hung th ba v th t ng vi chuyn mch quang trng thi thng. so snh, ng cong BER trn c s ng thng cng c o cho u thu, m n c xem nh l back-back hnh 5. T hnh 5 chng ta c th bit cng sut pht cho bn trng hp bin thin t 1 n 2,3dB, m n xut pht chnh t cc b chuyn i bc sng c s dng trong 1556) biu l khi. S chuyn i t bc sng di n bc sng ngn(1559 hnh pht nh nht, trong khi vic chuyn i t bc sng ngn n bc sng di (1556 1559) cho thy hnh pht cao nht. iu xy ra bi v nh khuch i ca bn dn khuch i quang - SOA thay i v tr bc sng di hn i vi cng sut vo cao hn, m n dn n mt t l lm mt i tn hiu yu cho vic chuyn i t bc sng ngn n bc sng di [8]. Lc chuyn i bc sng c s dng trong th nghim hin ti l rt n gin v chng ti nhn mnh rng vic chuyn i bc sng khng lun lun a vo cng sut pht. Tri li, mt b chuyn i bc sng cng cn phi cung cp cng sut ngang bng gia cc knh u cho v cc knh r mch v mt vi lc chuyn i bc sng c th thm ch cung cp mt chc nng lm ti sinh [9], [10]. Bng cch thay bc sng c nh OADMs trong hnh 4 vi cc bc sng iu hng c, mt khi chuyn mch bc sng iu hng c 2x2 cng c th c xy dng, khi cc b chuyn i bc sng c s dng trong c cu iu hng c.

Si quang#1 vo

OADM#1
|||||||

B xoay vng SOA xen

Laser iu hng c

1556nm tch
|||||||

ra

B chuyn i iu hng c Si quang#1

Chuyn mch khng gian

Si quang#2
|||||||

tch 1559nm vo
|||||||

ra xen SOA B xoay vng B chuyn i iu hng c OADM#2

Si quang#2

Laser iu hng c

Hnh 4. Thit lp th nghim khi chuyn mch bc sng c nh 2x2

4 Back-Back 1559 1556 1559 1559 1556 1556 1556 1559

5 - Log (BER)

6 7 8 9 10 -20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10

Cng sut nhn c (dBm)

Hnh 5. Cc ng cong BER sau khi chuyn mch bc sng

4. Kt lun
Trong bi ny chng ti trnh by hai kiu khi chuyn mch bc sng l cc khi chuyn mch bc sng c nh 2x2 v khi chuyn mch bc sng iu hng c 2x2. Cc khi ny c th c s dng xy dng cc b u cho a

bc sng nh li cu hnh y rt tin ch cho mng li thng tin cp quang, c bit thch hp cho cc nt mng trc chnh nh cc RING nu trn. Mt khi chuyn mch bc sng c nh 2x2 c chng minh bng th nghim, v n c th nng cp n khi chuyn mch bc sng iu hng c 2x2 nu cc OADMs c s dng.

Ti liu tham kho

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[7] [8] [9]

[10]

S lc v tc gi Phm Vn Hi Sinh ngy 22/3/1952. Nhn bng Thc s Vt l nm 1974 ti khoa Vt l, i hc Tng hp Azerbaijan (Lin X c). Nhn bng Tin s Vt l ti Vin hn lm khoa hc Lin X nm 1986. Nm 1996 tr thnh PGS ngnh Quang hc.

Hin ang cng tc ti Vin Khoa hc Vt liu, Trung tm Khoa hc t nhin v Cng ngh Quc gia. Hng nghin cu: H thng v linh kin thng tin si quang, laser v khuch i quang si, vt liu quang in t, cm bin quang v ng dng. Trn Quc Vit Sinh ngy 29/6/1964 ti Hi Hng. Tt nghip k s V tuyn in, i hc Bch khoa H Ni nm 1988. Nm 1997 n nay: nghin cu sinh ti Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng. Hng nghin cu: Pht trin chuyn mch quang.