DD(1) User Commands DD(1)

NAME dd - convert and copy a file SYNOPSIS dd [OPERAND]... dd OPTION DESCRIPTION Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands. bs=BYTES read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time cbs=BYTES convert BYTES bytes at a time conv=CONVS convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list count=N copy only N input blocks ibs=BYTES read up to BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512) if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin iflag=FLAGS read as per the comma separated symbol list obs=BYTES write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512) of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout oflag=FLAGS write as per the comma separated symbol list seek=N skip N obs-sized blocks at start of output skip=N skip N ibs-sized blocks at start of input status=WHICH WHICH info to suppress outputting to stderr; 'noxfer' suppresses t ransfer stats, 'none' suppresses all N and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes: c = 1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M GB =1000* 1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y. Each CONV symbol may be:

ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC ibm from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC

block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline lcase change upper case to lower case ucase change lower case to upper case sparse try to seek rather than write the output for NUL input blocks swab swap every pair of input bytes

sync pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs excl nocreat do not create the output file notrunc do not truncate the output file noerror continue after read errors fdatasync physically write output file data before finishing fsync likewise, but also write metadata Each FLAG symbol may be: append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested) direct use direct I/O for data directory fail unless a directory dsync use synchronized I/O for data sync likewise, but also for metadata fail if the output file already exists

fullblock accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only) nonblock use non-blocking I/O noatime do not update access time

nocache discard cached data noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file nofollow do not follow symlinks count_bytes treat 'count=N' as a byte count (iflag only) skip_bytes treat 'skip=N' as a byte count (iflag only) seek_bytes treat 'seek=N' as a byte count (oflag only) Sending a USR1 signal to a running 'dd' process makes it print I/O statis tics to standard error and then resume copying. $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$! $ kill -USR1 $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid 18335302+0 records in 18335302+0 records out 9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s Options are: --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit AUTHOR Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, and Stuart Kemp. REPORTING BUGS Report dd bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/> General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/> Report dd translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/> COPYRIGHT Copyright 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL ver sion 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>. This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. SEE ALSO The full documentation for dd is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and dd programs are properly installed at your site, the command info coreutils 'dd invocation' should give you access to the complete manual.

GNU coreutils 8.20 October 2012

DD(1)