Tong Quan Ve He Thong Di Dong GSM - Diendandaihoc.vn

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TONG QUAN VE H TH#NG DI ONG GSM
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GSM la viet tat cua Global System for Mobile communications

He thong thong tin di ong toan cau GSM la he thong ien thoai di ong ma mang li hoan toan s dung ky thuat so, khac vi he thong mang ien thoai Analog co ien nh he thong AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service: Dch vu ien thoai di ong cao cap).
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MS
1. CAU TRUC HE THONG NG GSM

BSS BTS BSC BTS NSS MSC+ VLR BSS EIR HLR AuC GMSC PSTN / ISDN
MS
MS
BTS BSC BTS SMSC Billing OMC
MS
MS: Mobile Station BTS: Base Transceiver Station BSC: Base Station Controller BSS: Base Station Subsystem MSC: Mobile services Switching Center
HLR: Home Location Register VLR: Visitor Location Register EIR: Equipment Identitfication Register AuC: Authentication Center SMSC: Short Messaging Service Center OMC: Operation & Maintenance Center GMSC: Gateway MSC
Cau truc cua mot he thong GSM co the c chia lam 3 he thong con: He thong con tram goc (BSS Base Station Subsystem), gom BTS va BSC. He thong con chuyen mach mang (NSS Network Switching Subsystem) gom: MSC/GMSC, HLR, VLR, EIR, AUC. He thong con van hanh bao dng (OMS Operation and Maintenance Subsystem) cha OMC. Ngoai ra trong mang con co cac thue bao, c goi la MS.
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Cau truc cua mot he thong GSM

Mobile Station Base Station Subsystem
NSS
Other Networks
Network Subsystem
SIM
ME
BTS
BSC
MSC/ VLR
PSTN GMSC
PLMN
EIR
SD
HLR
AUC
Internet
MS
BSS
Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.
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1.1 MS (Mobile Station) La thiet b cam tay trong mang di ong GSM, thc hien chc nang thu va phat tn hieu vo tuyen vi mot BTS (trong vung phu song). oi vi he thong GSM, mot MS gom 2 thanh phan la ME (Mobile Equipment) va SIM (Subscriber Identity Module).
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a. ME (Mobile Equipment)
La thiet b cng thc hien chc nang thu phat tn hieu, no tng oi thong minh va c ieu khien bi 1 chng trnh ben trong may. Noi ME thong minh v no co kha nang t ieu chnh cong suat phat tiet kiem pin va han che hien tng near and far. ME tr thanh MS ch khi nao SIM c chen vao trong ME. Moi ME co cha mot so IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) dung e nhan dang thiet b. So IMEI la duy nhat cho tat ca cac MS tren toan the gii. So IMEI co the c hien th hau het cac may ien thoai bang cach bam *#06#
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b. SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) SIM la mot the chip, ben trong co bo nh e lu tr thong tin ca nhan cua thue bao va thong tin cua nha cung cap dch vu.
Trong qua trnh hoat ong, MS se s dung cac thong tin co san trong SIM. Thong tin lu tr trong SIM gom: IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity): so nhan dang thue bao di ong quoc te. So nay la duy nhat tren the gii nhng khi lam viec MS khong s dung so nay.
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TMSI (Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity): so nhan dang thue bao tam thi. c MS s dung e lien lac tren ng vo tuyen, so nay ch ton tai toi a 3 gi khi MS ang am thoai, neu qua 3 gi th mang t ong thay oi so nay ma ngi s dung khong biet. LAI (Location Area Identifier): So vung ang ky. Khoa nhan thc thue bao Ki: c MS s dung trong qua trnh nhan thc thue bao.
u iem cua viec s dung SIM card ri ?

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1.2 Cac thanh phan cua he thong con BSS a. BTS (Base Transceiver Station): Tram thu phat goc BTS thc hien chc nang thu va phat tn hieu vi cac MS nam trong vung phu song cua no. Vung phu song cua mot BTS goi la cell (te bao).
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a. BTS (Base Transceiver Station(tt)
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a. BTS (Base Transceiver Station(tt) BTS giao tiep vi MS qua ng vo tuyen. Giao dien gia BTS va MS c goi la giao dien Um. BTS lam viec thu ong, moi hoat ong cua no eu c ieu khien bi BSC.
Giao tiep vo tuyen
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a. BTS (Base Transceiver Station(tt) Ban knh phu song cua cac tram BTS la:
500 m khu vc thanh th
15 km khu vc nong thon, vung ven,
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b. BSC (Base Station Controller): Bo ieu khien tram goc Chc nang chnh cua BSC la ieu khien hoat ong cua cac BTS nh: ieu khien cong suat phat cho cac MS. Cap phat kenh tan so cho cac BTS va MS. ieu khien nhay tan so gia cac MS e giam nhieu. ieu khien chuyen giao, Moi BSC co the ieu khien nhieu BTS (40 en 65 BTS).
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ng noi gia BTS va BSC co toc o la 2Mbps va co the s dung: Cap ong neu BTS gan BSC. ng truyen viba neu BTS xa BSC, cac tuyen viba nay co c ly cc ai la 20km. Cap quang neu BTS c at tnh con BSC thanh pho.
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1.3 Cac thanh phan cua he thong con NSS (Network Switching Subsystem): a. MSC (Mobile services Switching Center)
Thc hien chc nang chuyen mach cac cuoc goi gia cac MS. MSC c xem nh tong ai cua mang di ong. ay la ni duy nhat trong he thong thc hien chc nang nay. MSC chu trach nhiem thiet lap cac ket noi: - en BSS
- en MSC khac - en cac mang khac (nh mang PSTN) Ngoai ra MSC con thc hien quan ly cac cell va cac location areas (LA) (LA la mot vung gom nhieu cell).
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a. MSC (Mobile services Switching Center)
PSTN
ISDN
MSC Khac EIR AuC
GMSC
OMC
HLR
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Mot MSC quan ly c nhieu BSC trong mot vung. Cac MSC cac vung se au noi vi nhau e cho phep thc hien cuoc goi lien vung. Ngoai ra MSC con c noi vi mang PSTN e thc hien cuoc goi en cac thue bao co nh. MSC c at cac thanh pho ln. MSC thc hien cac chc nang giong nh mot tong ai cua mang ien thoai co nh. Tuy nhien viec quan ly thue bao th khac.
Vay cac thue bao di ong c quan ly au va nh the nao?

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Trong mang GSM, viec quan ly thue bao khong do cac tong ai thc hien v thue bao di ong khong c ket noi lau dai vi mot MSC. Thay vao o, v tr hien tai cua thue bao xac nh MSC chu trach nhiem quan ly no tai thi iem o. Do o, mang GSM co mot thanh phan c goi la HLR e cha d lieu cua thue bao cua mot vung nao o.
b. HLR (Home Location Register)
HLR
HLR la mot c s d lieu ni ma cac thue bao di ong c tao ra, b chan hoac b xoa bi nha khai thac. HLR cha tat ca cac thong tin lau dai cua thue bao cung nh cac dch vu va cac gii han ma mot thue bao di ong c phep s dung, cu the gom: so IMSI, Ki, VLR hien tai cua thue bao va cac dch vu cua thue bao di ong.
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Thong tin nay khong cho biet v tr cu the cua thue bao di ong ma ch cho biet VLR ma thue bao ang hien dien. Goi la thanh ghi nh v thng tru v thong tin cua thue bao c lu tr lau dai trong HLR va du thue bao o co di chuyen en au th thong tin trong HLR van khong b xoa. Mot phan ln d lieu cua thue bao trong HLR c s dung e thiet lap va xoa ket noi. e am bao d lieu nay co the c s dung ngay lap tc cho mot cuoc goi th no con c lu tr mot c s d lieu na, c goi la VLR va VLR c lien ket vi MSC.
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c. VLR (Visistor Location Register)
VLR
Cung la mot c s d lieu e cha thong tin cua thue bao di ong. Thong tin nay cho biet v tr hien tai, trang thai cua MS, va VLR se cung cap d lieu cua thue bao e x ly cuoc goi bat c khi nao c yeu cau.
Thong tin trong VLR co tnh chat tam thi, no thay oi kha thng xuyen va khong phai c cap nhat bang tay nh trong HLR ma c cap nhat thong qua thu tuc cap nhat v tr.
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v Thu tuc cap nhat v tr

Cap nhat v tr la mot thu tuc e thong bao cho mang ve v tr hien tai cua thue bao di ong. Thu tuc cap nhat v tr xay ra trong vai giay khi co 1 trong 3 ieu kien sau: MS chuyen t tat " m may MS di chuyen Theo nh ky
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Thong qua thu tuc cap nhat v tr, d lieu cua thue bao c chuyen t HLR sang VRL hien tai. D lieu nay c lu tr trong VLR chng nao ma thue bao o con di chuyen quanh quan trong vung do VLR nay quan ly.
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V du: Vao nhng nam 1993 1994, cac thue bao di ong c anh so theo khu vc Mien Bac, Mien Trung va Mien Nam, cu the nh mang MobiFone
- 0901,2,3, xxxxxx: la cac thue bao di ong ang ky mien Bac - 0907,8,9 xxxxxx: la cac thue bao di ong ang ky mien Nam - 0905,6 xxxxxx: la cac thue bao di ong ang ky mien Trung
Th trong HLR thuoc mien Bac ch cha d lieu cua cac MS co au so la 0904 nhng trong VLR cua mien nay th ngoai cac thue bao co au so 0904 con co cac thue bao co cac au so 0908 va 0905 di chuyen t mien Nam va mien Trung ra.
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Neu mot thue bao di chuyen sang vung phuc vu cua mot VLR khac th thu tuc cap nhat v tr se c lap lai: VRL mi yeu cau d lieu cua thue bao nay t HLR quan ly thue bao o.
ong thi, d lieu cua thue bao nay trong VLR cu se b xoa. Ngoai ra, thong tin trong VLR cung se b xoa khi thue bao tat may.
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Ngoai ra, VLR con tham gia kiem tra mot thue bao co u quyen e truy xuat vao mang hay khong, ngha la thc hien nhan thc thue bao.
d. AuC (Authentication Center): Trung tam nhan thc thue bao

Chc nang: ket hp vi HLR cung cap cho VLR cac thong so e nhan thc mot MS co quyen truy nhap vao mang hay khong.
e. EIR (Equipment Identity Register): Thanh ghi nhan dang thiet b.

Ch(c n+ng: Dung e lu tr so IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) cua tat ca cac thue bao trong vung phuc vu cua no.
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Moi ME c san xuat ra eu co mot so IMEI duy nhat tren the gii, so nay va c lu trong ROM cua ME, va c lu trong EIR. Trong EIR, so IMEI cua tat ca thiet b di ong c s dung c phan vao 3 danh sach (list):
WHITE LIST cha cac ME khong b gii han GREY LIST cha cac thiet b ang c giam sat, theo doi BLACK LIST cha cac thiet b khong hp le (vd: thiet b o a b an cap,)
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e kiem tra mot ME co hp le hay khong th au tien MSC se yeu cau so IMEI t MS sau o MSC se gi so IMEI nay en EIR. EIR se kiem tra xem thiet b o thuoc danh sach nao va gi ket qua ve lai cho MSC.
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V du: Neu ME o thuoc BLACK LIST th no khong the thc hien/nhan cuoc goi.
Thanh ghi EIR khong quan trong nhng neu quan ly thanh ghi nay tot th se khong co hien tng mat may di ong!
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1.4 He thong con OMS (Operation & Maintenance Subsystem)

Mot OMS gom 1 hoac nhieu OMC. Mot OMC ho tr cac chc nang sau: Quan ly cau hnh mang Quan ly qua trnh lam viec cua mang Quan ly bao mat OMC c ket noi vi NSS (SSS) va BSC thong qua mot mang d lieu goi X.25.
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OMC bao gom cac may tnh ma t ay nha khai thac co the nhap cac lenh e ieu hanh, bao dng he thong. Cac may tnh nay c ket noi vi nhau qua mot mang LAN.
Printer
Console
OMS
TCP/IP (LAN)
Console
ay cung la ni duy nhat ma ngi khai thac giao tiep c vi mang di ong.
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MSC
OMS
Ngoai ra, trong mang GSM con co: v He thong billing: Thc hien chc nang tnh cc cho cac cuoc goi. Billing bao g.m: H1 thong tra trc - Prepaid H1 thong tra sau - Postpaid v SMSC (Short Message Service Center) Thc hien chc nang cung cap dch vu SMS cho cac MS. Lu tr tam thi cac ban tin SMS. Co 2 loai ban tin la : 80 ky t (mang Sfone thi ky au) va 160 ky t.
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2. GIAO DIEN VO TUYEN Um 2.1 Muc tieu: Sau khi hoan tat phan nay, chung ta co the: Liet ke c cac bang tan ma cac he thong di ong GSM ang s dung. Giai thch c cau truc vat ly cua cac kenh giao dien vo tuyen. Phan biet c cac loai kenh logic giao dien vo tuyen. Giai thch c cau truc cua kenh lu lng. Giai thch c chc nang va cau truc cua cac kenh ieu khien.
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2.2 Cac bang tan so trong GSM He thong GSM co hai bang tan lam viec la bang tan 900 MHz c goi la GSM 900 va bang tan 1800 MHz c goi la DCS 1800. Trong o, moi bang tan nay lai c chia lam 2 bang tan con: Bang tan hng len (UPLINK UL): la bang tan c MS s dung e truyen tn hieu en BTS. Bang tan hng xuong (DOWNLINK DL): la bang tan c BTS s dung e truyen tn hieu en MS.
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GSM 900 lam viec trong dai tan so t 890MHz en 960MHz, trong o: Bang tan hng len nam trong dai tan so t 890MHz en 915MHz. Bang tan hng xuong nam trong dai tan so t 935MHz en 960MHz. Dai tan so t 915MHz en 935MHz la khoang bao ve.
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DCS 1800 lam viec trong dai tan so t 1710 MHz en 1880 MHz, trong o: Bang tan hng len nam trong dai tan so t 1710 MHz en 1785 MHz. Bang tan hng xuong nam trong dai tan so t 1805 MHz en 1880 MHz. Dai tan so t 1785 MHz en 1805 MHz la khoang bao ve.
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Moi hng cua bang tan GSM 900 c chia thanh 124 song mang (Carrier C). Toan bo bang tan GSM 900 c chia lam 124 kenh tan so vo tuyen (RFC Radio Frequency Channel), moi RFC gom 2 song mang: 1 cho hng len va 1 cho hng xuong. o rong bang tan cua moi song mang la 200 kHz. Khoang cach gia song mang hng len va hng xuong trong cung mot kenh la 45 MHz. Chu y: Song mang au tien (200kHz) khong c s dung.
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Tng t, moi hng cua bang tan DCS 1800 c chia thanh 374 song mang. Toan bo bang tan DCS 1800 c chia lam 374 kenh tan so (RFC), moi kenh gom 2 song mang: 1 cho hng len va 1 cho hng xuong. o rong bang tan cua moi song mang cung la 200 kHz. Khoang cach gia song mang hng len va hng xuong trong cung mot kenh la 95 MHz. Chu y: Cung nh bang tan GSM 900, song mang au tien (200kHz) khong c s dung.
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v Viec truy cap vao mang thong qua cac kenh tan so vo tuyen trong mot dai tan c goi la a truy cap phan chia theo tan so (FDMA).
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v Bang sau liet ke cac s khac nhau gia bang tan GSM 900 va DCS 1800.
ac iem so sanh
Tan so hoat ong o rong bang tan moi hng Khoang cach gia hai tan so trong 1 kenh tan so So lng kenh tan so
GSM 900
DCS 1800
Hoat ong bang Hoat ong bang tan 900 MHz tan 1800 MHz 25 MHz 45 MHz 124 75 MHz 95 MHz 374
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Tuy thuoc vao lu lng, mot cell co the s dung mot hoac nhieu kenh tan so (RFC). V so lng kenh tan so la co han nen mot RFC phai c s dung lai rat nhieu lan. Tuy nhien, e tranh hien tng nhieu ong kenh th cac cell gan nhau phai s dung cac RFC khac nhau. Do o, cac BTS s dung cung mot RFC phai am bao cach nhau mot khoang cach an toan (safe distance). Khoang cach an toan nay c goi la REUSE DISTANCE (KHOANG CACH S DUNG LAI TAN SO).
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2.3 Cac kenh vat ly

Giong nh he thong PCM32 (1 luong PCM32 gom 32 kenh), 1 RFC bao gom 8 kenh. V the, nhieu thue bao di ong co the truy cap mot RFC.
Phng phap truy cap nay c goi la a truy cap phan chia theo thi gian (Time Division Multiple AccessTDMA).
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Kenh vat ly la tan so dung e truyen tai thong tin. V du kenh tan so 890Mhz la kenh vat ly. Kenh Logic la do kenh vat ly tach ra, trong GSM mot kenh vat ly c chia ra lam 8 kenh logic.
2.3 Cac kenh vat ly (tt)
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Mot kenh vat ly c xac nh bi mot cap song mang cu the (ngha la bi mot RFC) va mot khe thi gian trong khung TDMA.
So lng kenh vat ly toi a cua mot he thong GSM la bao nhieu?
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2.4 Cac kenh logic Kenh Logic la do kenh vat ly tach ra Mot kenh vat ly co the hoat ong nh: Mot kenh lu lng (traffic channel) e truyen thoai va d lieu cho ngi dung.
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Hoac nh mot kenh ieu khien e truyen thong tin ieu khien va bao hieu.
v Kenh lu lng va kenh ieu khien c goi chung la kenh logic (logic channel).
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2.4.1 Cac kenh lu lng Cac kenh lu lng (Traffic Channel TCH) khac nhau tuy theo: Loai thong tin ma chung van chuyen: thoai c so hoa hoac d lieu cua ngi dung. Toc o truyen cua kenh: full rate hoac half rate. Toc o cua d lieu oi vi truyen d lieu (ngha la toc o d lieu cua ngi dung thc s c truyen), nh: o D lieu toan toc cho 9.6 kb/s, 4.8 kb/s, 2.4 kb/s. o D lieu ban toc cho 4.8 kb/s, 2.4 kb/s.
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Hnh sau cho ta thay cac loai kenh lu lng
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v Kenh thoai toan toc va ban toc (Full/Half rate speech) Thong tin thoai c truyen qua giao dien vo tuyen c nen thanh toc o 13 kb/s (full rate) hoac 6.5 kb/s (half rate) bang cac thuat toan ma hoa thoai ac biet. Ma hoa thoai ban toc co c trien khai hay khong phu thuoc vao s tng thch cua thiet b chuyen oi ma trong BSC va trong MS. Toc o kenh la 22.8 kb/s oi vi full rate va 11.4 kb/s oi vi half rate co c la do viec chen them cac bit sa loi e truyen i cung vi thong tin thoai giao dien vo tuyen.
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Bang sau cho ta thay toc o kenh thoai full rate va half rate trc va sau khi ma hoa (them cac bit sa loi).
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Khi truyen thoai va d lieu half rate, so lng kenh lu lng tang len gap oi v mot khe thi gian vat ly cung luc phuc vu en hai ket noi. ieu nay at c la do 2 ket noi nay thay phien nhau s dung cung mot khe thi gian.
Tuy nhien, ban se khong cam nhan c s suy giam chat lng ket noi.
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2.4.2 Cac kenh ieu khien Ngi ta nh ngha ba nhom kenh ieu khien sau: Cac kenh quang ba (BCHBroadcast Channel) BCH la cac kenh ieu khien hng xuong, c s dung e mang thong tin ac thu cua cell dung trong viec ong bo, sa loi, Cac kenh ieu khien chung (CCCHCommon Control Channels) CCCH la cac kenh ieu khien c s dung bi tat ca MS va BTS chang han nh e yeu cau va cung cap cac kenh ieu khien danh rieng.
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Cac kenh ieu khien danh rieng (DCCHDedicated Control Channels) DCCH c an nh cho mot MS e no thc hien mot phien giao dch cu the khi ma cac kenh lu lng cha c cung cap. Moi nhom kenh ieu khien bao gom nhieu kenh ieu khien e cung cap cac chc nang ieu khien can thiet cho mang GSM, nh c the hien tren hnh sau.
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Sau ay se mieu ta chc nang cua tng kenh: a. Cac kenh quang ba Kenh ieu khien quang ba (BCCHBroadcast Control Channel) L knh 3)4ng xu7ng cung c9p thng tin chung v: m;ng, cell m MS 3ang < v cc cell ln c>n. Kenh hi1u ch?nh tAn s7 (FCCHFrequency Correction Channel) La kenh ng xuong cung cap thong tin e MS ong bo tan so noi cua no (bo dao ong noi) en tan so ma mang cap cho MS o s dung. Khi thc hien nhay tan th noi dung cua kenh nay thay oi lien tuc.
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Kenh 3.ng bB (SCHSynchronization Channel) La kenh ng xuong mang thong tin ve ong bo khung va nhan dang tram BTS. S d phai co kenh ong bo la v mot MS co the cach BTS ang phuc vu no en 30 km mang thng phai ieu chnh thi gian phat cua mot MS sao cho tn hieu thu c tai BTS c ong bo vi ong ho cua BTS. BTS cung xuat lenh phat sm en MS qua kenh SCH nay.
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v V du ng dung cua kenh BCH Thong qua kenh quang ba, BTS truyen d lieu mot cach lien tuc chang han nh truyen thong tin nhan dang cell en MS. Bang cach nay, MS co the xac nh c hien tai no ang ng cell nao.
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b. Cac kenh ieu khien chung Kenh tm goi (PCHPaging Channel) La kenh hng xuong, dung e thong bao cho MS biet la co cuoc goi en no. Ngoai ra, PCH con c s dung e truyen cac ban tin SMS en MS. Kenh truy xuat ngau nhien (RACHRandom Access Channel) La mot kenh hng len, c MS s dung e phuc ap lai mot ban tin tm goi t kenh PCH. Ngoai ra, RACH con c MS s dung e bao cho mang biet la no muon thc hien mot cuoc goi.
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Khi can thc hien cuoc goi, MS phat ban tin nay roi ch BTS tra li. Neu sau mot khoang thi gian khong nhan c tn hieu tra li t BTS th MS t ong phat lai ban tin nay nen kenh nay co ten la kenh truy xuat ngau nhien. Kenh cho phep truy cap (AGCHAccess Grant Channel) La mot kenh hng xuong, c BTS s dung e ap lai 1 RACH. Muc ch cua kenh AGCH la e cap phat cac tai nguyen cho MS (SDCCH va TCH).
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c. Cac kenh ieu khien danh rieng Co 3 loai kenh ieu khien danh rieng trong GSM. Cung giong nh cac kenh lu lng, cac kenh ieu khien danh rieng la 2 chieu va co format cung nh chc nang giong nhau ca hng len va hng xuong.
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Kenh ieu khien danh rieng mot mnh (SDCCH Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel) SDCCH mang d lieu bao hieu sau khi ket noi gia MS va BTS c thiet lap nhng trc khi BTS cap phat mot TCH cho MS. SDCCH am bao MS va BTS van duy tr ket noi trong khi BSS va MSC xac minh MS co quyen truy cap vao mang hay khong. Do o, SDCCH co the c xem la mot kenh tam thi, trung gian. SDCCH c s dung e gi thong tin nhan thc va cac ban tin canh bao.
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Kenh ieu khien ket hp Associated Control Channel)
cham
(SACCHSlow
SACCH luon luon c ket hp vi mot kenh lu lng TCH hoac mot kenh SDCCH. hng xuong, SACCH c s dung e gi nhng thay oi ve thong tin ieu khien en MS nh cac hng dan ve mc cong suat phat, cac ch dan ve thi gian phat sm. Thong tin nay c gi cham nhng eu an. hng len, SACCH mang thong tin ve chat lng cua kenh TCH cung nh ket qua cng o trng cua cac cell lan can ma MS o lng c e mang s dung trong viec ieu khien chuyen giao.
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N2
Kenh ieu khien ket hp nhanh (FACCHFast Associated Control Channel) FACCH mang cac ban tin khan va tren thc te th no cha cung loai thong tin nh SDCCH. Mot FACCH c cap phat bat c khi nao mot kenh SDCCH khong c danh rieng cho mot MS nao o va khi co mot ban tin khan (nh mot yeu cau chuyen giao). FACCH lam viec che o lay cap. ieu nay c thc hien bang cach set 2 bit ac biet, c goi la cac bit lay cap trong kenh TCH len 1. Neu cac bit lay cap c thiet lap th khe thi gian c coi nh cha d lieu FACCH ch khong phai la TCH.
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Slide 66 N2 S a SACCH l"i thnh SDCCH

Nhan, 10/5/2007
v V du ve cac kenh DCCH, CCCH
Mot MS quay so thue bao can goi
Cac loai kenh nao se c cap cho MS nay va loai thong tin nao se c truyen?
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Trc khi MS co the gi so thue bao b goi en BTS th MS yeu cau mot kenh ieu khien danh rieng t BSC thong qua mot kenh ieu khien chung, o chnh la kenh RACH.
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BSC cap phat mot DCCH cho MS cung lai thong qua mot CCCH, o chnh la kenh AGCH.
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Thong qua DCCH, tat ca tn hieu bao hieu dung e thiet lap ket noi c trao oi (v du nh nhan thc thue bao, gi so thue bao b goi, cap phat kenh lu lng).
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2.5 Cac cum (bursts): Cau truc bit cua mot kenh phu thuoc vao viec no c s dung nh kenh lu lng hay kenh ieu khien. Mot kenh lu lng co cau truc bit nh sau:
Mot chuoi bit c nh ngha nh tren goi la mot cum. Cum tren c goi la cum thng (Normal Burst).
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Trong o: TB = Tail Bits: Phan nay gom 3 bit va c dung e xac nh cac c cua khe thi gian. Coded Bits: Cac phan nay cha thong tin cua ngi dung a c ma hoa (thoai hoac d lieu) trong 2 57 bits. Training Sequence: Phan nay cha mot mau bit dai 26 bit, c s dung e cho phep bo can bang thch ng trong may thu cua MS hoac BTS phan tch cac ac tnh cua kenh vo tuyen trc khi giai ma d lieu cua ngi dung. GP = Guard Period: 8,25 bit nay c s dung nham tranh cac s lech pha (xay ra do s di chuyen cua MS).
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Mot khe thi gian c s dung nh kenh ieu khien co the cha: Hoac la mot cum ong bo (Synchronisation Burst SB) e s dung cho kenh ong bo. Hoac mot cum ieu chnh tan so (Frequency Correction Burst FB) cho kenh ieu chnh tan so.
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Hnh sau mieu ta tat ca cac cum trong GSM.
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Trong o cum truy xuat (Access Burst) c s dung bi tat ca cac MS khi co nhu cau truy cap dch vu cua he thong.
Ngoai ra trong GSM con co mot loai cum na c goi la cum gia (Dummy Burst), c s dung e lam ay thong tin cho cac khe thi gian khong c s dung hng xuong.
Cum gia nay co cau truc hoan toan giong vi cum thng.
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2.6 Cau truc thi gian cua cac kenh vat ly Neu mot khe thi gian c s dung e truyen thong tin ieu khien th no cha cac loai kenh ieu khien khac nhau hay noi cach khac no cha cac loai cum khac nhau. Cu the, cac kenh BCH va CCCH ch c truyen TS0 trong cac khung TDMA nao o trong mot a khung gom 51 khung lap i lap lai nhng RFC danh cho muc ch quang ba. a khung nay c goi la a khung ieu khien. Nh vay, t TS1 en TS7 cua cac khung nay van mang lu lng TCH bnh thng.
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oi vi cac RFC quang ba, khung th 51 khong cha bat ky d lieu cua cac kenh BCH/CCCH hng xuong nao va c coi nh mot khung roi. Tuy nhien, kenh CCCH hng len co the nhan thong tin cua thue bao trong suot TS0 cua moi khung (tham ch ngay ca khung roi).
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Tng t nh cac kenh ieu khien, cac kenh lu lng cung c ket hp lai e tao thanh mot a khung va c goi la a khung thoai. Moi a khung thoai gom 26 khung TDMA. Trong 26 khung, khung th 13 va 26 khong c dung cho lu lng ma cho cac muc ch ieu khien, cu the: Khung 13 cha d lieu cua kenh SACCH. Khung 26 cha cac bit roi khi cac kenh lu lng toan toc c s dung, va cha d lieu cua kenh SACCH khi cac kenh lu lng ban toc c s dung.
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Vi mot kenh lu lng ban toc, cau truc thi gian cua khe thi gian th x nh sau:
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2.7 Cau truc khung cua GSM Co 8 khe thi gian trong mot khung TDMA, va chu ky khung la 4.615 ms. Mot khung cha 8 156.25 = 1250 bit. Cac khung (frame) thng c nhom thanh cac cau truc ln hn c goi la a khung (multiframe), cac a khung c nhom thanh cac super frame va cac super frame lai c nhom thanh cac hyper frame.
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T hnh ve ta thay, oi vi kenh lu lng th: Mot multiframe gom 26 TDMA frame. Mot super frame gom 51 multi frame (tc gom 1326 TDMA frame). Mot hyper frame gom 2048 super frame (tc gom 2715648 TDMA frame). Con oi vi kenh bao hieu (ieu khien) th: Mot multiframe gom 51 TDMA frame. Mot super frame gom 26 multi frame (tc gom 1326 TDMA frame). Mot hyper frame gom 2048 super frame (tc gom 2715648 TDMA frame).
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2.8 TC CHEC MFNG VH MIT JKA L CMA GSM

Trong mBt qu7c gia c thP c nhi:u m;ng GSM cng t.n t;i v chng c thP bao phR ln nhau v: mTt 3Ua l.
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2.8 TC CHEC MFNG VH MIT JKA L CMA GSM (TT)

MBt h1 th7ng GSM qu7c gia 3Au tin 3)Wc chia thnh cc vng phXc vX cRa MSC.
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Cc thu bao di 3Bng m tiYn hnh thR tXc c>p nh>t vU tr trong vng phXc vX cRa MSC no th sZ 3)Wc 3+ng k trong VLR lin kYt v\i MSC 3.
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MSC 3)Wc kYt n7i v\i cc BSS trong vng phXc vX cRa n. BSS chUu trch nhi1m qu]n l cc cell. Cell l vng phXc vX nh^ nh9t cRa m;ng GSM. MBt BTS chUu trch nhi1m cung c9p cc 3)4ng truy:n v tuyYn cho mBt cell.
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Kch th)\c cRa cc cell khc nhau tu_ thuBc vo 3Ua hnh v m>t 3B thu bao; cX thP l cell < vng 3ng dn c) lun lun c bn knh nh^ h5n so v\i cc cell < cc vng nng thn. a gc 3B qu]n l, nhi:u cell 3)Wc kYt hWp l;i 3P hnh thnh mBt Location Area (LA). Mbi LA c mBt s7 nh>n d;ng ring 3)Wc gdi l LAI (Location Area Identity), s7 ny l duy nh9t trn thY gi\i.
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S7 LAI bao g.m cc tr)4ng sau:
MCC (Mobile Country Code) dng 3P nh>n d;ng qu7c gia, g.m 3 che s7. MNC (Mobile Network Code) dng 3P nh>n d;ng cc m;ng GSM khc nhau trong 1 qu7c gia, g.m 2 che s7. LAC (Location Area Code) dng 3P ch? r mBt LA no 3 trong mBt m;ng GSM bfng cch sg dXng 2 byte.
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N4
2.9 CC S# NHhN DFNG THU BAO DI JiNG TRONG GSM
2.9.1. S7 MSISDN Bfng cch quay mBt tj hWp cc con s7 no 3, b;n c thP gdi mBt thu bao di 3Bng. Tj hWp cc con s7 ny 3)Wc gdi l s7 MSISDN (Mobile Station ISDN). Nh) v>y, MSISDN l mBt s7 c thP quay 3)Wc (dialable), 3)Wc thu bao chR gdi sg dXng 3P tiYp c>n v\i thu bao bU gdi.
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Slide 96 N4 THAM KHAO FILE Introduction to GSM (file Internet explorer)

Nhan, 10/11/2007
2.9 CC S# NHhN DFNG THU BAO DI JiNG TRONG GSM (TT)
MSISDN bao g.m:

Country Code (CC): M qu7c gia dng 3P nh>n d;ng qu7c gia v n chnh l m qu7c gia trong m;ng PSTN qu7c tY. S7 l)Wng cc che s7 cRa CC l khng c7 3Unh. NDC (National Destination Code): Dng 3P nh>n d;ng m;ng di 3Bng mTt 39t v ckng c chi:u di biYn 3ji. SN (Subscriber Number): S7 ny dng 3P nh>n d;ng mBt thu bao di 3Bng.
Hi1n t;i, chi:u di t7i 3a cRa MSISDN l 12 che s7.
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2.9.2 S7 IMSI
IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity): L s7 nh>n d;ng thu bao di 3Bng qu7c tY, l mBt s7 nondialable duy nh9t 3)Wc c9p pht cho mbi thu bao di 3Bng trong h1 th7ng GSM 3P nh>n d;ng thu bao trong m;ng. S7 IMSI 3)Wc sg dXng trong lc trao 3ji bo hi1u trong nBi bB h1 th7ng di 3Bng 3P nh>n d;ng mBt thu bao.
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S7 IMSI c c9u trc nh) sau:

MCC (Mobile Country Code): L m nh>n d;ng qu7c gia, sg dXng 3 che s7. MNC (Mobile Network Code): M m;ng di 3Bng dng 3P nh>n d;ng m;ng di 3Bng mTt 39t sg dXng 2 che s7. MSIN (Mobile Subscriber Identification Number): C chi:u di c7 3Unh l 10 che s7, 2 che s7 3Au dng 3P nh>n d;ng HLR qu]n l thu bao, 8 che s7 cn l;i dng 3P nh>n d;ng tlng thu bao di 3Bng.
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IMSI 3)Wc l)u tre lu di, c7 3Unh trong SIM card. Tuy nhin, thu bao di 3Bng khng biYt s7 IMSI ny. Trong HLR, IMSI 3)Wc sg dXng nh) 3Ua ch? cRa bB nh\ de li1u cRa thu bao.
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2.9.3. S7 TMSI Cc bo hi1u < giao di1n v tuyYn ph]i c kh] n+ng nh>n d;ng mBt thu bao. Khi cc b]n tin bo hi1u khng 3)Wc m ho hon ton th s7 IMSI khng ph hWp 3P truy:n trn cc giao di1n v tuyYn v cc nguyn nhn v: v9n 3: b]o m>t. Ni cch khc, sm b]o m>t cRa thu bao khng 3)Wc b]o 3]m trong mBt s7 tr)4ng hWp no 3.
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Jy l nguyn nhn gi]i thch t;i sao < giao di1n v tuyYn th s7 IMSI 3)Wc thay thY b<i mBt s7 nh>n d;ng khc, s7 ny 3)Wc c9p pht t;m th4i v 3)Wc l)u tre trong VLR v trong SIM card. S7 nh>n d;ng ny 3)Wc gdi l TMSI (Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity). S7 ny c c9u trc biYn 3ji. TMSI l mBt s7 gi] ngnu nhin 3)Wc t;o ra tl s7 IMSI. TMSI 3)Wc sg dXng 3P trnh vi1c ph]i truy:n IMSI qua giao di1n v tuyYn. Ji:u ny gip gie s7 IMSI 3)Wc b]o m>t h5n.
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JP theo di mBt thu bao di 3Bng thng qua IMSI/TMSI, ng)4i nghe trBm ph]i thm nh>p vo qu trnh lin l;c cRa m;ng GSM khi s7 TMSI 3)Wc tho] thu>n ngay tl lc ban 3Au. Ngoi ra, v s7 TMSI 3)Wc tho] thu>n l;i theo 3Unh k_ nn ng)4i nghe trBm ph]i thm nh>p vo m;ng mbi khi s7 TMSI 3)Wc tho] thu>n l;i.
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2.10 CC THM ToC CHNH TRONG GSM

2.10.1 ThR tXc nh>n thmc ThR tXc nh>n thmc 3)Wc thmc hi1n trong r9t nhi:u ho;t 3Bng khc nhau cRa thu bao di 3Bng nh) trong qu trnh c>p nh>t vU tr, tr)\c khi nh>n cuBc gdi, tr)\c khi thmc hi1n cuBc gdi, 3P kiPm tra xem mBt thu bao di 3Bng c quy:n truy c>p vo m;ng hay khng. Vi1c t;o ra mBt thu bao trong m;ng di 3Bng GSM bpt 3Au bfng vi1c s]n xu9t ra mBt SIM card. Ngoi IMSI, LAI, TMSI v Ki, trong SIM cn l)u tre cc thu>t ton A3 v A8. De li1u ny (IMSI, Ki, A3 v A8) ckng 3)Wc l)u tre trong AC v 3)Wc sg dXng 3P tnh ton cc thng s7 nh>n thmc thu bao (bB ba triples). BB ba nh>n thmc bao g.m: RAND, SRES v Kc.
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2.10 CC THM ToC CHNH TRONG GSM (tt)
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Vi1c tnh ton bB ba trong AC 3)Wc thmc hi1n nh) sau:
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AC lun t;o ra nhi:u bB ba cho mbi thu bao di 3Bng v ggi n 3Yn VLR thng qua HLR khi 3)Wc yu cAu. Trong qu trnh nh>n thmc, VLR ggi s7 ngnu nhin (RAND) 3Yn MS. SIM sg dXng thng tin ny 3P tnh ra SRES v ggi s7 ny (SRES) tr< l;i VLR 3P so snh. NYu VLR so snh th9y 2 SRES ny gi7ng nhau th coi nh) qu trnh nh>n thmc 3 thnh cng. Trong lAn nh>n thmc sau 3, VLR sZ sg dXng bB ba kY tiYp. NYu VLR 3 sg dXng hYt cc bB ba th n sZ yu cAu mBt t>p bB ba m\i tl HLR.
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Hnh sau minh ho; thR tXc nh>n thmc trong GSM.
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Ckng nh) hnh trn, hnh sau ckng minh ho; thR tXc nh>n thmc trong GSM.
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2.10.2 ThR tXc c>p nh>t vU tr NYu LAI 3)Wc l)u trong SIM khc v\i LAI nh>n 3)Wc < knh qu]ng b cRa cell th lc ny MS sZ kh<i 3Bng thR tXc c>p nh>t vU tr. Ni cch khc, c>p nh>t vU tr 3)Wc kh<i x)\ng b<i MS khi n di chuyPn sang LA khc. Gi] sg mBt thu bao di 3Bng 3+ng k < HLR Munich sg dXng SIM card cRa anh ta lAn 3Au tin < MSC thuBc vng Berlin. Lc ny, MS nh>n th9y LAI m n nh>n 3)Wc < knh qu]ng b khc v\i LAI 3 3)Wc l)u trong SIM card nn n sZ yu cAu mBt thR tXc c>p nh>t vU tr sg dXng IMSI.
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VLR Berlin nh>p IMSI vo c5 s< de li1u cRa n v yu cAu cc bB ba tl AC Munich thng qua HLR Munich 3P thmc hi1n thR tXc nh>n thmc. AC Munich cung c9p cc bB ba theo yu cAu v ggi chng 3Yn VLR Berlin thng qua HLR Munich. Trong VLR Berlin, cc bB ba ny 3)Wc sg dXng cho thR tXc nh>n thmc. By gi4 VLR Berlin yu cAu de li1u cRa thu bao di 3Bng tl HLR Munich. Cng v\i yu cAu ny, VLR Berlin sZ ggi s7 VLR cRa n v mBt LMSI 3Yn HLR Munich.
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VLR number: L 3Ua ch? bo hi1u qu7c tY cRa VLR. VLR number c format gi7ng v\i mBt MSISDN. LMSI (Local Mobile Subscriber Identity) l 3Ua ch? de li1u cRa thu bao trong VLR 3P cho php truy c>p de li1u ny mBt cch nhanh chng.
S7 VLR v LMSI 3Tc bi1t quan trdng trong thR tXc tm gdi. HLR Munich l)u tre s7 VLR Berlin v LMSI v cung c9p de li1u cRa thu bao nh) 3)Wc yu cAu cho VLR Berlin. VLR Berlin l)u tre de li1u cRa thu bao v c9p pht mBt TMSI cho thu bao di 3Bng. TMSI 3)Wc m ha v ggi 3Yn MS, t;i 3y n 3)Wc l)u tre trong SIM card cng v\i LAI m\i. 114

Hnh sau minh hda thR tXc c>p nh>t vU tr.
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Nh) v>y, sau khi c>p nh>t vU tr th: VLR ch(a t9t c] de li1u cRa thu bao cAn thiYt 3P xg l mBt cuBc v LAI hi1n t;i cRa thu bao di 3Bng 3. HLR ch(a 3Ua ch? cRa VLR hi1n t;i v 3)Wc sg dXng khi c cuBc gdi 3Yn thu bao di 3Bng 3.. De li1u 3)Wc l)u tre trong SIM card sau khi thR tXc c>p nh>t vU tr 3)Wc thmc hi1n l: De li1u c7 3Unh IMSI Ki A3 A8 De li1u t;m th4i LAI TMSI
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2.10.3 ThR tXc nh>n cuBc gdi (Mobile Terminating CallMTC)
Xt mBt thu bao di 3Bng 3+ng k < Munich nh)ng hi1n t;i 3 di chuyPn sang Berlin. Gi] sg mBt thu bao PSTN quay s7 MSISDN cRa thu bao di 3Bng ny. Sau khi phn tch s7, m;ng PSTN sZ thiYt l>p mBt knh l)u l)Wng giea tjng 3i chR gdi v MSC cRa m;ng di 3Bng. MSC ny 3)Wc gdi l Gateway MSC (GMSC).
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GMSC cAn thm thng tin 3Unh tuyYn 3P thiYt l>p knh l)u l)Wng 3Yn 3ng MSC m thu bao di 3Bng hi1n t;i 3ang c mTt < 3. Thng tin 3Unh tuyYn ny 3)Wc gdi l Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN). Qu trnh cung c9p s7 MSRN bao g.m cc b)\c sau:
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B)\c 1: GMSC xc 3Unh HLR Munich bfng cch sg dXng HLR-ID trong s7 MSISDN nh>n 3)Wc, sau 3 yu cAu s7 MSRN tl HLR Munich.
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B)\c 2: HLR Munich xc 3Unh VLR hi1n t;i cRa thu bao ny (VLR Berlin) v yu cAu mBt MSRN tl VLR ny sg dXng s7 IMSI. B)\c 3: VLR Berlin ggi MSRN 3Yn GMSC thng qua HLR Munich.
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MSRN l mBt tj hWp s7 c c9u trc gi7ng nh) MSISDN. VLR Berlin sZ nh\ s7 MSRN 3 cung c9p cho thu bao di 3Bng ny. GMSC thiYt l>p mBt kYt n7i l)u l)Wng v ggi tr< l;i s7 MSRN 3 nh>n. MSC Berlin yu cAu VLR cRa n cung c9p TMSI v LAI cho thu bao ny thng qua MSRN. Jp (ng yu cAu ny, VLR Berlin cung c9p TMSI v LAI 3)Wc l)u tre trong lAn c>p nh>t vU tr sau cng cho MSC Berlin.
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V MSC Berlin ch? biYt LA cRa lAn c>p nh>t cu7i cng nn n sZ 3i:u khiPn t9t c] cc BSC phXc vX LA ny pht mBt b]n tin tm kiYm < t9t c] cc cell trong LA. ThR tXc ny 3)Wc gdi l Paging.
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MS trong cell hi1n t;i tr] l4i bfng mBt paging respone. paging respone ny sZ 3)Wc chuyPn 3Yn MSC thng qua BSC.
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Sau khi tiYn hnh nh>n thmc l;i v VLR c9p pht mBt TMSI m\i th qu trnh thiYt l>p cuBc gdi 3Yn MS 3)Wc hon t9t.
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2.10.4 ThR tXc xu9t pht cuBc gdi (Mobile Originating Call MOC) Ji:u g sZ x]y ra nYu mBt thu bao di 3Bng mu7n gdi cho mBt thu bao (di 3Bng/c7 3Unh) khc ?
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NYu mBt thu bao di 3Bng quay mBt s7 3i1n tho;i th c nghqa l thu bao 3 3ang yu cAu mBt knh l)u l)Wng cho n.
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VLR thmc hi1n thR tXc nh>n thmc, c9p pht mBt TMSI m\i v kiPm tra xem thu bao 3 c 3)Wc quy:n sg dXng dUch vX m thu bao 3 yu cAu hay khng (qu trnh ny 3)Wc gdi l subsciption check).
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NYu qu trnh subsciption check thnh cng, MSC sZ thiYt l>p knh l)u l)Wng 3Yn BSC v thu bao, nghqa l thu bao 3 3)Wc c9p pht mBt knh l)u l)Wng 3P thmc hi1n cuBc gdi.
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2.10.5 ThR tXc chuyPn giao (Handover/Handoff)
Khi ni m: ChuyPn giao l qu trnh chuyPn 3ji BTS phXc vX cRa MS khi MS ny 3ang < trong chY 3B 3m tho;i. Cc 3i:u ki1n x]y ra chuyPn giao: Ji:u ki1n 1:
Khi MS 3ang 3m tho;i nh)ng di chuyPn tl vng phR sng cRa BTS ny sang vng phR sng cRa BTS khc th c)4ng 3B tr)4ng cRa BTS phXc vX gi]m dAn, c)4ng 3B tr)4ng cRa BTS ln c>n t+ng ln nhi:u. NYu MS tiYp tXc di chuyPn theo h)\ng ny th 3Yn mBt th4i 3iPm no 3 c)4ng 3B tr)4ng cRa BTS phXc vX khng 3R 3P ho;t 3Bng. Do 3, mu7n tiYp tXc 3m tho;i th ph]i chuyPn giao sang BTS ln c>n.
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Ji:u ki1n 2:
Khi MS khng di chuyPn nh)ng n 3ang < trong vng phR sng l giao cRa 2 BTS. Khi 3, v mBt l do no 3 lm cho ch? s7 bit lbi trn BTS 3ang phXc vX t+ng ln th h1 th7ng ckng thmc hi1n chuyPn giao sang BTS m\i 3P c]i thi1n ch9t l)Wng. ChuyPn giao ny 3)Wc gdi l chuyPn giao ch9t l)Wng.
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Ji:u ki1n 3:
Khi MS khng di chuyPn nh)ng n 3ang < trong vng phR sng l giao cRa 2 BTS. Khi 3, nYu l)u l)Wng trn BTS 3ang phXc vX 3 bo ho hoTc spp bo ho th h1 th7ng ckng thmc hi1n chuyPn giao mBt s7 MS sang BTS m\i 3P BTS ny c thP phXc vX 3)Wc cho cc MS m\i khc. ChuyPn giao ny 3)Wc gdi l chuyPn giao l)u l)Wng.
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ChuyPn giao 3)Wc phn thnh cc lo;i sau:
ChuyPn giao do BSC 3i:u khiPn. Lo;i chuyPn giao ny 3)Wc chia thnh 2 lo;i:
ChuyPn giao trong cng mBt cell (Intra-Cell Handover). ChuyPn giao giea cc cell thuBc cng mBt BSC (InterCell Handover).
ChuyPn giao do MSC 3i:u khiPn. Lo;i chuyPn giao ny ckng 3)Wc chia thnh 2 lo;i:
ChuyPn giao giea cc cell thuBc 2 BSC khc nhau v 2 BSC ny thuBc cng mBt MSC (Intra-MSC Handover). ChuyPn giao giea cc cell thuBc 2 BSC khc nhau v 2 BSC ny thuBc hai MSC khc nhau (Inter-MSC Handover).
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Nguyn t$c chuy(n giao V: c5 b]n, mBt thR tXc chuyPn giao 3)Wc thmc hi1n qua 4 giai 3o;n. Giai 3o;n 1: BSC quyYt 3Unh xem mBt sm chuyPn giao cAn ph]i 3)Wc tiYn hnh hay khng ? Giai 3o;n 2: MBt kYt n7i m\i 3)Wc thiYt l>p song song v\i kYt n7i 3ang c. Giai 3o;n 3: MSC chuyPn m;ch cuBc gdi sang kYt n7i m\i. Giai 3o;n 4: KYt n7i ban 3Au 3)Wc xa. By gi4 chng ta sZ xt cc giai 3o;n ny chi tiYt h5n, sg dXng mBt Inter-MSC Handover nh) mBt v dX.
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Giai *o+n 1: Gi] sg mBt thu bao di 3Bng thmc hi1n mBt cuBc gdi < cell A v 3ang di chuyPn sang cell B. Trong khi thmc hi1n cuBc gdi, MS lin tXc 3o l)4ng ch9t l)Wng cRa kYt n7i hi1n t;i v c)4ng 3B tr)4ng thu 3)Wc tl cc cell xung quanh. Cc kYt qu] 3o l)4ng 3)Wc truy:n 3Yn BSC v BSC sZ yu cAu MS chuyPn giao sang cell no c ch9t l)Wng truy:n dnn cao h5n.
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Trong v dX ny, BSC pht hi1n cAn ph]i thmc hi1n mBt sm chuyPn giao m 3)Wc 3i:u khiPn b<i MSC v thng bo cho MSC1.
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Giai *o+n 2: MSC1 yu cAu mBt s7 chuyPn giao (Handover Number HON) tl MSC2 v thng bo MSC2 v: cell B. MSC2 yu cAu VLR cung c9p mBt HON v BSC cung c9p cc knh v tuyYn.
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De li1u cRa knh v tuyYn v HON 3)Wc ggi tr< l;i cho MSC1.
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Giai *o+n 3: V\i HON, by gi4 MSC1 c thP thiYt l>p mBt kYt n7i l)u l)Wng v\i MSC2. KYt n7i ny 3)Wc m< rBng cho 3Yn BTS. Sau 3, MSC1 thng bo cho MS v: knh v tuyYn m n ph]i chuyPn giao sang.
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Giai *o+n 4: KYt n7i v\i BTS ck 3)Wc gi]i phng.
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2.10.6 ThR tXc MS nh>n b]n tin nhpn ngpn (SMS MT)
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2.11 X LY TN HIEU TRONG GSM

Hnh sau minh hoa tat ca cac hoat ong cua GSM t au phat en au thu.
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2.11 X LY TN HIEU TRONG GSM (tt)

1) So hoa: Trong GSM, tieng noi c micro bien oi thanh tn hieu ien dang tng t (analog). Tn hieu nay c bien oi sang tn hieu so (digital) dung ky thuat ieu che xung ma PCM vi tan so lay mau la 8 kHz va ma hoa moi mau bang 13 bit. Nh vay trong GSM, luong tn hieu so sau khi bien oi co toc o la 8 13 = 104 (kb/s).
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2) Ma nguon: Ma nguon tc la nen tn hieu, ngha la lam cho toc o bit giam xuong. oi vi tn hieu tieng noi, viec nen tn hieu phai am bao c thi gian thc va chat lng co the chap nhan. Nguyen tac cua ky thuat nen nay la thay v truyen i cac bit mang noi dung cua tieng noi th ta ch truyen i cac thong so cua bo loc trong thanh quan e tao ra tieng noi o. Ngha la trc tien ngi ta phai nghien cu cach phat am, phat ra tieng noi cua con ngi. Khi day thanh quan mnh rung theo kieu rung khac nhau th phat ra tieng noi khac nhau ngi ta khong truyen i tieng noi ma truyen i thong so, thong so nay lien quan en cach tao ra tieng noi.
154

Tn hieu so ngo ra cua bo A/D co toc o 104 kbps c chia thanh tng oan co chieu dai 20 ms, moi oan cha 2080 bit (tng ng 160 mau). Thay v truyen i 160 mau, th ngi ta truyen i thong so cua bo loc tao ra 160 mau o, thong so cua bo loc nay ch co o dai la 260 bit nen toc o truyen thc s la 13 kbps. Ngi ta con co the nen xuong toc o thap hn na la 6.5 kb/s nhng chat lng kem hn nen ngi ta t s dung.
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3) Ma hoa kenh (cho kenh thoai toan toc): Ma hoa kenh la them vao mot so bit d tha e giup cho au thu phat hien va sa c cac loi bit, muc ch cuoi cung la giam ty so bit loi BER (Bit Error Rate) e nang cao chat lng. Nh vay sau khi ma hoa kenh th so bit can truyen se tang len. ieu nay co ngha la phai tra gia trong viec s dung bang thong ng truyen la phai truyen i nhieu bit hn so can thiet cho thong tin nhng lai c o an toan chong loi cao hn.
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Co the chia ma kiem tra loi thanh hai loai la ma khoi va ma xoan (ma chap). Ma khoi: la ma khong nh, ngha la cac bit kiem tra c tnh toan ch da tren khoi thong tin hien thi. V du ve ma khoi la ma CRC. Quy tac: at M(x) la thong tin can truyen (k bit) G(x) la a thc sinh (dai n + 1 bit, vi n la bac cua a thc sinh). R(x) la phan d (dai n bit)
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2.11 X LY TN HIEU TRONG GSM (tt) n M ( x ) x R( x) au phat thc hien: = Q ( x) + G ( x) G ( x)

Sau o truyen i M(x).xn + R(x) au thu thc hien:
M ( x).x n + R( x) G ( x)
Neu so d bang 0 th khong co loi.
M ( x).x + R( x) R( x) R( x) = Q ( x) + + = Q ( x) G ( x) G ( x) G ( x)
n
Neu so d khac 0 th a co loi xay ra tren ng truyen.

158

V du: Gia s d lieu can truyen la: 11100110 a thc sinh la: 11001 Tc: M(x) = x7 + x6 + x5 + x2 + x G(x) = x4 + x3 + 1 M(x).xn = M(x).x4 = x11 + x10 + x9 + x6 + x5
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= R(x) = 0110
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Vay d lieu can truyen la 111001100110 Gia s d lieu thu la 101001100110 = x11 + x9 + x6 + x5 + x2 + x
x11 + x9 + x6 + x5 + x2 + x x11 + x10 + x7 x10 + x9 + x7 + x6 + x5+ x2 + x x10 + x9 + x6 x7 + x5+ x2 + x x7 + x6 + x3 x6 + x5+ x3 + x2 + x 6 5 2 x +x +x
x4 + x3 + 1 x7 + x6 + x3 + x2
x3 + x so d khac 0 co loi
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Ma xoan: Ma xoan tot hn ma khoi v no co kha nang t phat hien loi va sa loi. ma xoan, bo ma hoa tao ra cac bit ma khong ch phu thuoc vao cac bit cua khoi ban tin hien thi c dch vao bo ma hoa ma no con phu thuoc vao cac bit cua cac khoi trc o. Mot bo ma xoan bao gom cac thanh ghi dch tao thanh t cac Flip-Flop. Ma xoan c xac nh bi cac thong so sau: - Ty le ma: r = k/n, vi n la so bit au ra khi ng vi k bit au vao bo ma hoa. - o dai hay so phan t nh cua thanh ghi dch.
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Trong GSM th cac bit ngo ra cua bo so hoa va ma hoa nguon c xap at thanh cac nhom can c vao s quan trong cua chung trong viec ong gop vao chat lng thoai. Trong so 260 bit, 50 bit quan trong nhat c goi la cac bit loai Ia, c them vao 3 bit CRC e phat hien loi tao thanh 53 bit. Cac bit them vao nay c xac nh da tren a thc tao ma x3 + x + 1, cho phep phat hien 1 loi bit tren 1 khoi 50 bit.
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132 bit ke tiep cung vi 53 bit au tien (50 bit loai Ia va 3 bit CRC) c xap at lai va noi vao them 4 bit uoi bang 0, do o tao ra mot khoi d lieu co 189 bit. Sau o khoi d lieu nay c ma hoa s dung ma xoan vi ty le ma la 1/2, v the tao ra mot chuoi 378 bit. Cuoi cung, 78 bit t quan trong nhat khong c ma hoa va c noi vao chuoi hien co e hnh thanh mot khoi 456 bit trong 20 ms. Lc o ma hoa kenh nay lam tang toc o d lieu cua tn hieu thoai trong GSM len en 22.8 kbps. Lc o ma hoa kenh nay c minh hoa trong hnh sau.
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4) Ghep xen: Trong thong tin di ong, do cac fading sau lau nen cac loi bit thng xay ra tng cum dai. Tuy nhien ma hoa kenh ch hieu qua nhat khi phat hien va sa sai cac loi ngau nhien n le va cac cum loi khong qua dai. e oi pho vi van e nay, ngi ta chia khoi ban tin can gi thanh cac cum ngan roi hoan v cac cum nay vi cac cum cua khoi ban tin khac, nh vay khi xay ra loi dai th moi ban tin ch mat i mot cum nho, phan con lai cua ban tin van cho phep cac dang ma hoa kenh khoi phuc lai c ung. Qua trnh tren c goi la ghep xen. Nh vay muc ch cua ghep xen la phan bo loi neu co v loi phan bo de dang khac phuc hn loi lien tuc.
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Ghep xen cho thoai (tieng) trong GSM: Gom cac bc sau: Bc 1: Toan bo 456 bit c phan ra thanh tam khoi con 57 bit. Nhom A: 1, 9, 17, , 449 Nhom B: 2, 10, 18, , 450 Nhom C: 3, 11, 19, , 451 Nhom D: 4, 12, 20, , 452 Nhom E: 5, 13, 21, , 453 Nhom F: 6, 14, 22, , 454 Nhom G: 7, 15, 23, , 455 Nhom H: 8, 16, 24, , 456
167

Bc 2: Cac nhom noi tren lai c ghep xen mc th 2. mc nay, 4 nhom au cua mot t ma (la A, B, C, D) c at vao v tr au tien cua 4 cum, 4 nhom con lai c at vao v tr sau cua 4 cum tiep theo. Phan con lai cua cac cum nay dung e ghep tn hieu cua cac t ma lan can.
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Vay moi cum truyen thong tin cho 2 t ma. 1 t ma can 8 cum e truyen. 2 t ma can 12 cum e truyen 3 t ma can 16 cum e truyen Nhc iem: Neu khong ghep xen th ch can thu 4 cum la a biet c t ma, con neu dung ghep xen th phai thu 8 cum mi biet c t ma gay ra tre nhng van co the chap nhan c. Neu mat 1 cum th he thong co the gan la bit 0 hoac bit 1 tuy y, qua bo giai ma se sa loi.
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Ghep xen cho d lieu trong GSM: oi vi tn hieu d lieu th ngi ta ghep xen nhieu hn na, 1 t ma c truyen i trong 22 cum v no can o chnh xac cao. Khac vi ghep xen cho thoai la so bit cua mot t ma c cha trong cac cum khong eu nhau.
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Cum 1 A1
Cum 2
B1
A2
Cum 3 C1
B2
A3
Cum 4 D1 C2
B3 A4
Cum 6
D2
C3 B4 A5 . . .
Cum 21
D18 C19
Cu m 22
D19
171

5) To chc cum: la them d lieu nh phan vao cac khoi a c ghep xen e giup ong bo tn hieu c thu. 6) Mat ma hoa: Tren ng truyen vo tuyen, mac du thong tin a c ghep xen, ch truyen i thong so cua bo loc ch khong truyen tieng noi, nhng van cha am bao thong tin cua ngi dung c bao mat hoan toan Do o, tn hieu sau khi a to chc cum, trc khi a vao ieu che th ngi ta a qua mot cong XOR e XOR tn hieu can truyen vi 1 chuoi gia ngau nhien.
172

e tao chuoi gia ngau nhien ngi ta s dung cac FlipFlop va c goi la cac phan t nh. Trong GSM, ngi ta s dung so phan t nh la 15 chu ky cua chuoi gia ngau nhien la 215 1. Trc khi lu lng c truyen th MS va BTS phai thoa thuan vi nhau chuoi gia ngau nhien nay va bao cho MSC biet. Lu y la mat ma hoa ch ap dung cho cac cum thng va ch lay 114 bit thong tin e XOR vi chuoi PN. 7) ieu che: Lc o ieu che c s dung bi GSM la GMSK, GMSK la mot kieu ieu che ac biet cua ieu che FM so.
173

au thu, sau khi tn hieu c giai ieu che thanh thong tin nh phan th thong tin nh phan nay c giai mat ma, giai ghep xen, giai ma kenh, giai ma nguon va c bien oi D/A e khoi phuc lai tieng noi.
174
2.12 C9u trc cRa BSS v SSS (Switching Subsystem)

Sau khi hon t9t phAn ny b;n sZ c mBt ci nhn tjng quan v: c9u trc phAn c(ng cRa BSS v SSS (NSS), cX thP b;n c thP miu t]:
C9u trc cRa mBt BTS C9u trc cRa mBt BSC Cc ch(c n+ng cRa bB TRAU C9u trc cRa SSS
175
2.12 C9u trc cRa BSS v SSS (Switching Subsystem) (tt)
176
2.12 C9u trc cRa BSS v SSS (Switching Subsystem) (tt) a) C9u trc cRa BTS V: c5 b]n mBt BTS g.m: MBt 35n vU 3i:u khiPn MBt m;ch giao di1n MBt hoTc nhi:u h1 th7ng TDMA MBt tr;m anten
177
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2.12 C9u trc cRa BSS v SSS (Switching Subsystem) (tt) Mbi TDMA system chUu trch nhi1m truy:n dnn cho 8 knh v>t l trong khung TDMA cRa mBt RFC. Ji:u ny c nghqa l s7 TDMA system bfng v\i s7 RFC 3)Wc sg dXng b<i BTS. Thng qua cc kYt n7i nBi m thng tin 3i:u khiPn v thng tin v: m;ng 3)Wc truy:n tl cc TDMA system 3Yn antenna combiner v ng)Wc l;i.
179
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2.12 C9u trc cRa BSS v SSS (Switching Subsystem) (tt) J5n vU 3i:u khiPn cRa BTS 3i:u khiPn v gim st cc 35n vU ch(c n+ng khc cRa BTS thng qua cc 3)4ng bo hi1u nBi. Ngoi ra, n cn 3i:u khiPn vi1c nh]y tAn.
181

Nh]y tAn c nghqa l mbi knh v tuyYn logic (ngo;i trl knh BCCH) sZ thay 3ji tAn s7 cRa n c( mbi khung TDMA theo mBt thu>t ton xc 3Unh. Tuy nhin khe th4i gian vnn 3)Wc gie c7 3Unh. MXc 3ch cRa nh]y tAn l 3P phn b7 ngu.n nhiru m tc 3Bng ln mBt RFC cho t9t c] cc knh 3ang c 3P 3]m b]o rfng chng c m(c ch9t l)Wng truy:n dnn gi7ng nhau.
T9t nhin MS ckng ph]i thmc hi1n vi1c nh]y tAn ny. Do 3, BTS truy:n thu>t ton nh]y tAn ny qua mBt knh qu]ng b xu7ng MS. V v>y, b]n thn knh qu]ng b khng 3)Wc bao g.m trong thR tXc nh]y tAn.
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183

M;ch giao tiYp (interface circuit) l thiYt bU kYt cu7i cho lin kYt 2 Mbit/s 3Yn BSC. N xg l t9t c] cc ch(c n+ng giao di1n v>t l nh) 3.ng bB, phn b7 knh 3Yn cc TDMA system.
184

b) KiYn trc cRa 35n vU thch (ng t7c 3B v chuyPn m Transcoding and Rate Adaption Unit TRAU): Vi1c chuyPn 3ji t7c 3B bit tho;i tl 64 kb/s thnh 13 kb/s cho tho;i ton t7c hoTc 6.5 kb/s cho tho;i bn t7c 3)Wc gdi l chuyPn 3ji m v 3)Wc xg l b<i bB TRAU.
185
2.12 C9u trc cRa BSS v SSS (Switching Subsystem) (tt) BB TRAU gpn thm mBt header vo cc tn hi1u 13 kb/s v 6.5 kb/s 3P 3;t 3)Wc 16 kb/s, sau 3 ggi 3Yn phn h1 ghp knh (submultiplexer). a ng ra cRa bB ghp knh ny, mBt tn hi1u m\i 64 kb/s (tl 4 kYt n7i tho;i 3)Wc chuyPn m) ssn sng cho vi1c truy:n dnn qua h1 th7ng PCM30.
186
187

a h)\ng ng)Wc l;i, cc tn hi1u 13 kbit/s hoTc 6.5 kbit/s 3Yn 3)Wc chuyPn 3ji thnh tn hi1u 64 kbit/s.
188

De li1u 3)Wc truy:n tl MSC 3Yn BSS lun lun l tn hi1u s7 v 3)Wc ghp trong mBt knh 64 kbit/s. BB TRAU ldc de li1u ra kh^i tn hi1u 64 kb/s v thm header vo. Bfng cch ny, ta thu 3)Wc mBt tn hi1u 16 kb/s.
189
190

Trong bB TRAU, cc knh 64 kb/s (nh) cc knh bo hi1u s7 7) 3)Wc chuyPn m;ch trong su7t.
191
2.12 C9u trc cRa BSS v SSS (Switching Subsystem) (tt) c) KiYn trc cRa BSC: BSC chUu trch nhi1m 3i:u khiPn BTS, qu]n l ti nguyn v tAn s7 v tuyYn. BSC c cc m;ch giao di1n ph hWp cho cc link 2 Mb/s 3Yn bB TRAU v 3Yn BTS khc. Cc knh 3i:u khiPn v l)u l)Wng tl v 3Yn BTS 3)Wc chuyPn m;ch thng qua thiYt bU chuyPn m;ch (switching device). Cc ch(c n+ng qu]n l thmc sm cRa BSC 3)Wc thmc hi1n trong mBt 35n vU 3i:u khiPn trung tm. V v>y, vi1c 3i:u khiPn cc 35n vU ch(c n+ng cRa BSC 3)Wc thmc hi1n b<i mBt 35n vU 3i:u khiPn cRa n.
192
193

Thng tin bo hi1u CCS7 3)Wc chuyPn m;ch thng qua bB TRAU mBt cch trong su7t v 3)Wc chuyPn 3Yn mBt 35n vU 3i:u khiPn cho cc ch(c n+ng thu pht.
194

T;i 3y, b]n tin 3)Wc chuyPn 3ji sang format m BSC c thP hi:u 3)Wc.
195
2.12 C9u trc cRa BSS v SSS (Switching Subsystem) (tt) d) KiYn trc cRa SSS Vi1c triPn khai cc phAn tg cRa SSS thay 3ji tu_ thuBc vo nh s]n xu9t. a 3y b;n sZ 3)Wc lm quen v\i gi]i php 3)Wc 3: nghU b<i Siemens. Cc phAn tg cRa SSS g.m MSC, VLR, HLR, AC v EIR v: c5 b]n 3)Wc triPn khai nh) cc ch(c n+ng v: phAn m:m v 3)Wc dma vo cng mBt kiYn trc phAn c(ng. Vi1c mBt phAn tg v>t l cRa m;ng thmc hi1n ch(c n+ng g phX thuBc chR yYu vo vi1c phAn m:m 3)Wc load vo n.
196
197
198
199
2.12 C9u trc cRa BSS v SSS (Switching Subsystem) (tt) KiYn trc phAn c(ng cRa mBt phAn tg cRa SSS lun lun bao g.m:
MBt m;ng chuyPn m;ch (switching network) 3P chuyPn m;ch cc knh l)u l)Wng v 3i:u khiPn. Cc m;ch giao di1n (interface circuit) cho cc h1 th7ng PCM30 3Yn cc phAn tg m;ng khc. MBt bB xg l 3i:u khiPn (control processor) trung tm v MBt 35n vU 3i:u khiPn cho cc knh bo hi1u CCS7.
200

NYu mBt phAn tg m;ng ho;t 3Bng nh) mBt MSC th ph]i cAn thm mBt 35n vU 3Tc bi1t nea bn c;nh c9u hnh c5 b]n ny. J5n vU ny cung c9p cc ch(c n+ng lin m;ng khi cAn thiYt cho t9t c] cc dUch vX. N ch(a MODEM v cc ch(c n+ng cAn thiYt cho vi1c chuyPn 3ji cc t7c 3B de li1u v cho vi1c xg l giao th(c.
201
2.13 Cc kYt n7i v>t l trong GSM

T9t c] cc kYt n7i v>t l trong SSS, BSS v 3Yn m;ng PSTN l cc lu.ng PCM30. Thng qua cc kYt n7i v>t l m h1 th7ng c thP truy:n tho;i hoTc thng tin bo hi1u. Cc kYt n7i v>t l thP hi1n cc thuBc tnh cRa mBt lin kYt truy:n dnn nh): Truy:n dnn 3)Wc thmc hi1n qua 3)4ng heu tuyYn hay v tuyYn.
Truy:n dnn l t)5ng tm hay s7
Truy:n dnn sg dXng kt thu>t chuyPn m;ch knh hay chuyPn m;ch gi, t7c 3B bit bfng bao nhiu, 202
2.13 Cc kYt n7i v>t l trong GSM (tt)

a) Cc kYt n7i knh l)u l)Wng Hnh sau miu t] mBt kYt n7i tho;i trong m;ng PLMN.
203

Knh l)u l)Wng giea m;ng PSTN v m;ng PLMN nh) sau:
Trong c] 2 tr)4ng hWp, cc lin kYt PCM30 3)Wc sg dXng 3P truy:n dnn.
204

b) Cc kYt n7i bo hi1u: Trong tr)4ng hWp bo hi1u, cc lin kYt ckng l cc knh PCM30. Qu trnh bo hi1u sg dXng h1 th7ng bo hi1u knh chung s7 7 (CCS7): Giea cc phAn tg m;ng cRa SSS. Giea MSC v BSC Giea MSC v tjng 3i Gateway trong m;ng PSTN Bn c;nh cc kYt n7i bo hi1u CCS7 cn c cc kYt n7i bo hi1u giea BSC v BTS. V giea MSC v MS. Cc knh ny 3)Wc chuyPn m;ch mBt cch trong su7t trong BSC v BTS.
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CH&'NG 1

TONG QUAN VE H TH#NG DI ONG GSM

GSM la viet tat cua Global System for Mobile communications

1. CAU TRUC HE THONG NG GSM

BTS BSC BTS SMSC Billing OMC

Cau truc cua mot he thong GSM

Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.

u iem cua viec s dung SIM card ri ?

a. BTS (Base Transceiver Station(tt)

500 m khu vc thanh th

15 km khu vc nong thon, vung ven,

a. MSC (Mobile services Switching Center)

MSC Khac EIR AuC

Vay cac thue bao di ong c quan ly au va nh the nao?

b. HLR (Home Location Register)

c. VLR (Visistor Location Register)

v Thu tuc cap nhat v tr

d. AuC (Authentication Center): Trung tam nhan thc thue bao

e. EIR (Equipment Identity Register): Thanh ghi nhan dang thiet b.

1.4 He thong con OMS (Operation & Maintenance Subsystem)

2.3 Cac kenh vat ly

2.3 Cac kenh vat ly (tt)

Hnh sau cho ta thay cac loai kenh lu lng

Kenh ieu khien ket hp Associated Control Channel)

Slide 66 N2 S a SACCH l"i thnh SDCCH

v V du ve cac kenh DCCH, CCCH

Mot MS quay so thue bao can goi

Hnh sau mieu ta tat ca cac cum trong GSM.

2.8 TC CHEC MFNG VH MIT JKA L CMA GSM

2.8 TC CHEC MFNG VH MIT JKA L CMA GSM (TT)

2.8 TC CHEC MFNG VH MIT JKA L CMA GSM (TT)

2.8 TC CHEC MFNG VH MIT JKA L CMA GSM (TT)

2.8 TC CHEC MFNG VH MIT JKA L CMA GSM (TT)

2.8 TC CHEC MFNG VH MIT JKA L CMA GSM (TT)

2.8 TC CHEC MFNG VH MIT JKA L CMA GSM (TT)

2.9 CC S# NHhN DFNG THU BAO DI JiNG TRONG GSM

Slide 96 N4 THAM KHAO FILE Introduction to GSM (file Internet explorer)

2.9 CC S# NHhN DFNG THU BAO DI JiNG TRONG GSM (TT)

MSISDN bao g.m:

Hi1n t;i, chi:u di t7i 3a cRa MSISDN l 12 che s7.

2.9 CC S# NHhN DFNG THU BAO DI JiNG TRONG GSM (TT)

2.9 CC S# NHhN DFNG THU BAO DI JiNG TRONG GSM (TT)

S7 IMSI c c9u trc nh) sau:

2.9 CC S# NHhN DFNG THU BAO DI JiNG TRONG GSM (TT)

2.9 CC S# NHhN DFNG THU BAO DI JiNG TRONG GSM (TT)

2.9 CC S# NHhN DFNG THU BAO DI JiNG TRONG GSM (TT)

2.9 CC S# NHhN DFNG THU BAO DI JiNG TRONG GSM (TT)

2.9 CC S# NHhN DFNG THU BAO DI JiNG TRONG GSM (TT)

2.10 CC THM ToC CHNH TRONG GSM

2.10 CC THM ToC CHNH TRONG GSM (tt)

2.10 CC THM ToC CHNH TRONG GSM (tt)

2.10 CC THM ToC CHNH TRONG GSM (tt)

2.10 CC THM ToC CHNH TRONG GSM (tt)

2.10 CC THM ToC CHNH TRONG GSM (tt)

2.10 CC THM ToC CHNH TRONG GSM (tt)

2.10 CC THM ToC CHNH TRONG GSM (tt)

2.10 CC THM ToC CHNH TRONG GSM (tt)

2.10 CC THM ToC CHNH TRONG GSM (tt)

2.10 CC THM ToC CHNH TRONG GSM (tt)

2.10 CC THM ToC CHNH TRONG GSM (tt)

2.10 CC THM ToC CHNH TRONG GSM (tt)

2.10 CC THM ToC CHNH TRONG GSM (tt)

2.10 CC THM ToC CHNH TRONG GSM (tt)