{&m0wD.

trRygvD
[vdk od*F v
D m;
[kww
f ,f tud}k uD;zke;f udak r#maf ewm
at; igvnf;'DvxJ tvkyrf sm;oGm;vd@k bmudp&P v
dS @kd vJ taza&maeaumif;vm;
armif&0J if; tdrv
f moGm;vd@k
armif&0J if; b,fow
l ek ;f
o&ufu csppf rk om;wJh tazvmae+yD tazeJ@pum;ajymvdu
k t
f ek ;f
cspfpkrom;wJh ol&vGifacgif; rdk;}udK;typfcHvdkufovdkjzpfoGm;onf? tdrfrSmawmh rdk;rD;avmif+yDxifonf?
tazayguu
f rJG t
hJ oHukd ol&vGiw
f ek w
f ek &f if&ife@J apmifah erdonf?
udu
k v
kd iG f
taztoHujiifomvGef;onf?
[kwu
f t
hJ az aeawmif;&J@vm; om;tvkyrf sm;ae pum;rSrqH;k cif
armif&0J if;tdrv
f moGm;w,f ol&[ef;0wfz@kd upd P rif;cGijhf yKcsuv
f mawmif;wm
Asm
rAsmeJ@av &[ef0wfwm rdbcGijhf yKrS &wm tJ'h ga=umifrh if;zke;f udak pmifah ewm
rdb qdak wmh olu
'Dupd u
P kd tazaemufrS &Si;f jyr,f om;u cGijhf yKw,f/ rjyKw,fqw
kd mudk odcsiw
f m
cGijhf yKygw,ftaz/ 'ge@J ou
l b,frmS wke;f
'DrmS wpfywfavmufae+yD; jyefomG ;w,f/ ol@taru userf ma&;raumif;bl;ajymw,f
tJ'h aD wmh tazu
igvu
kd o
f mG ;&rSmaygh
b,ftxdatmifvJ taz
anmifuef}uD;wJh
[m tazta0;}uD;
udprP &Syd gb;l igtm;vk;H pDpOfxm;ygw,f
tazpum;yifq;kH atmifrajymawmh zke;f udk od*F u
D v
kd aJG y;cJo
h nf? od*F u
D vnf; pum;udak umif;aumif;rajym&
c&D;xGuzf @kd e'Dausmu
f kd zke;f qufajymzd@k tazatmfajymaewmeJ@ zke;f csvu
kd &f onf?
cspf p k r eJ @ ywf o uf v d k @ tuJ q wf v S w J h tazwpf a ,muf armif & J 0 if ; eJ @ ywf o uf + yD ; tuJ y gvS w mud k
pOf;pm;r&Edkifatmifjzpfrdonf? aqG*k%frsKd;*k%ftav;xm;wwfwJhtazwpfa,muf/ cspfpkreJ@ywfoufaeonf
qd k w mod c J h w J h t csd e f u ,rf ; yH k r D u s a'goayguf u G J c J h b l ; onf ? wd k @ trsKd ; xJ ' grsKd ; t0if r cH E d k i f b l ; vd k @ awmif
jyif;jyif;xefxefqckd b
hJ ;l onf?
cspfpkrudk ol&vGifwdkuf&dkufodcJhwmr[kwf/ odu|rf;p&mvnf;ta=umif;r&Sd? 'DXgeudk tvkyf0ifuwnf;u
'Dv@kd rsK;d awGe@J uif;uif;aecJo
h nf? jynfwiG ;f a&a=umif;oabFmom;b0rSm 'Dvrkd ed ;f cav;rsK;d awGa=umifh b0ysuw
f o
hJ al wG/
tdraf xmifysuw
f o
hJ al wG/ rdom;pktodu
k t
f +rHKysuw
f o
hJ al wG ud,
k ahf &S@rmS a&m/ ud,
k rf suaf phatmufrmS a&m awG@ae/ jrifae/
=um;ae&onfr@kd olw@kd e@J uif;Edik o
f r#uif;atmifaecJo
h nf? vH;k vH;k }uD;uif;atmifawmh aeIr& oabFmom;eJ@ olw@kd awGu
a&mufav&m ae&mwdik ;f aerawG@nawG@/ nrawG@aeawG@qakd wmh r=unf@aomfvnf;jrif/ rajymaomfvnf; =um;ae&wmrd@k
vlr@_ qufqaH &;oabmt&uawmh Ekwq
f uf+yHK;jy/ a&vdu
k o
f if/h ig;vdu
k o
f ifah wmh ae=u&wmcsn;f bJ jzpfonf?
ol&vGit
f vky0f ifawmh jynf+rdK@u0if&wmrd@k jynf/ umr/ o&uf/ atmifv+H rdK@awGu rdwaf qGtodtu|r;f rsm;
&So
d nf? o&ufu udak pmOD;eJ@ wifO;D nDtudEk pS af ,mufe@J odu|r;f &mu ti,fwifO;D eJ@u&G,w
f rl @kd y&kd if;cJo
h nf? udak pmOD;u
tvkyf0if+yD; ig;ESpfavmuf=umawmh usef;rma&;a=umifh tvkyfuxGuf&onf? wifOD;uvnf; usef;rma&;u

aumif;vSonfr[kw?f olw@kd nt
D udEk pS af ,mufpvH;k tonf;a&m*g&=dS uonf? udak pmOD;ut&uf wpfcu
k o
kd m udpk pJG +JG rJ+rJ
aomuf o nf ? wif O D ; u t&uf u d k p G J p G J + rJ + rJ r aomuf a omf v nf ; t&uf e J @ rd e f ; rawmh r uif ; c&D ; wpf c gxG u f v d k @
aiGpav;rsm;&$iv
f mvsif olab;rSm ewfrrd ,fuav;rsm;u 0dik ;f 0dik ;f vnfaewwfonf? aemufyikd ;f rde;f cav;wpfa,mufukd
pGpJ +JG rJ+rJwaJG ewmudk awG@vm&onf? rde;f raumif;awmhr[kw?f
wifO;D rdwq
f ufay;vd@k odu|r;f cJah omfvnf; 'Dywf0efusiu
f rd@k cyfwrf;wrf;omaecJo
h nf? wifO;D c&D;xGuv
f @kd
oludkrac:oGm;wJhtcgrsm;wGif oltvkyfolrysufcJh/ wifOD;jyefvmawmhvnf; twGJrysuf? wifOD;aq;&Hkwuf&awmh
tultnDvw
kd t
hJ cg olupkd ma&;v$w+f y;D tultnDawmif;wwfonf? wpfcgEpS cf gr uawG@ae&awmh vlrmta=umif;ar;&if;
tajymtqdk&Sdvmonf? wpfcgwpf&H oltvkyftwGufvm&if; qHkjzpfonf@tcgrsm;wGifawmh olpnf;eJ@olaeygonf?
aemufawmh wifOD;vnf; usef;rma&;a=umifh tvkyfxGuf+yD; o&ufudkjyef+yD;aemuf oleJ@vnf;tquftoG,f
jywfomG ;onf? 'Dywf0ef;usirf mS bJ usiv
f nfaewmrd@k tawG@/ tjrifawmh&=dS uygonf?
ol&vGifwdk@ oabFma'gufwif&ufudkapmifh&if; trSwf(13) a&v,fqdyfcHrSm&yfem;xm;pOf a&v,fnOfiSuf
ppfqifa&;nwpfnrSm todu
k +f ydKiSuw
f pfaumif;vd@k ola&mufvmonf? ol&vGit
f cef;xJ yke;f atmifciG hf ay;vdu
k o
f nf?
ppfqifa&;u wpfnwnf;r[kwf oH;k av;n qufwu
kd jf zpfaeonf/? olvnf; nwdik ;f vd@k todu
k yf sucf o
hJ nf? 'DawmhrS
ol&efuek rf mS twnfwustrd rf &Srd eS ;f od&onf? ESp&f ufavmufqufwu
kd f tzrf;tqD;vkyv
f mawmh &uf&n
S pf pfqifa&;rSe;f
ol&drfrdvmonf? aemuf&ufrsm;wGif ol&vGifwdk@oabFmrSmbJ 0dkif;vkyf0dkif;pm;vkyf&if; udk,f&Sdefowfaevdkufonf?
ntd y f a wmh ol & vG i f o abF m rS m bJ t d y f o nf ? pwk w a e@a&muf a wmh ol & vG i f w d k @ oabF m ud k y gppf o nf ?
tay:xyfoD;oef@tcef;jzpfwJh ol&vGiftcef;udk wufrppfaomfvnf; atmifxyfudk ppfaq;a&;0ifawmh ol&vGif
tcef ; &S d & mod k @ ol w uf v monf ? tcef ; zG i f h a y;vd k u f a wmh uk w if e J @ pma&;pmyG J = um; 0if x d k i f + yD ; yk e f ; aeonf ?
atmufxyfuudpP+yD;vdk@ ol&vGiftcef;udkjyefa&mufonf@wdkif olxdwfvef@a=umuf&GH@aewmudk ol&vGifodonf?
yxrae@uvdb
k J ukwife@J pma&;pmyG=J um;wGif olxikd v
f sut
f yd o
f nf? nOf@eufawmh tat;"gw0f ifvmonf? tcef;u
av0ifaygufydwfr,f}uHaomfvnf; oludkausmf+yD;ydwf&rSmrdk@ ajc&if;bufuapmifudkom,l+cHK+yD; wpfzufapmif;
tdyaf evdu
k o
f nf? ol&vGit
f yd af ysmaf epOf aemufausmbufuae ud,
k cf si;f xdvu
kd o
f nfukd odvu
kd o
f nf? aemuf
ausmuae oloikd ;f zufvu
kd w
f mudv
k nf;odonf? rsuv
f ;kH jcif;qHak omtcgwiG v
f nf olrsuv
f ;kH udo
k m pdu
k =f unf@aerdonf?
yxr ezl;udek rf;onf? yg;udek rf;onf? Ekwcf rf;udek rf;onf? ar;zsm;udek rf;onf? vnfwikd u
f ekd rf;onf? &if!e$ @f uekd rf;onf?
ol&vGif&J@ cE<mudk,ftESH olerf;onf? ol&J@terf;=urf;=urf;awGu ol&vGifwdrfwdkufawGtay: tdyfae&ovdk@/
aveJ@twlvGifharsmaeovdk@/ av0ifaygufu vdkufumpavcwfvdkufovdk &ifxJwvSyfvSyfcHpm;ae&onf? odk@aomf
ol&vGi&f ek ;f xGuzf @kd r}udK;pm;cJ?h
wpfywfavmuf=umawmh ppfqifa&;+yD;oGm;onf? wpfvavmuf=umawmh ol&vGifoabFmajymif;zdk@ &Hk;rS
!$e@f =um;pma&mufvmonf? ol&vGit
f cef;xJu ypPn;f odr;f awmh olvnf;olypPn;f av;rsmudo
k rd ;f onf? ESpaf ,muftwl
a&v,frS ormFejf zif&h efuek zf ufurf;udu
k ;l onf? ol&vGif Adv
k w
f axmif&;kH udk owif;yd@k &efomG ;awmh olyef;qd;k wef;vrf;wGif
use&f pfonf? jrpf0u|e;f ay:od@k c&D;xGu&f onf? q,f&uf=umonf? &efuek w
f iG u
f ek w
f if/ ukecf s wpfywf=umonf? olukd
Adv
k w
f axmifqyd u
f rf;wGif ESpcf g/ oH;k cgavmufawG@vu
kd af omfvnf; pum;rajymjzpfc?hJ 'kw,
d wpfacguf c&D;xGuaf wmh
ES p f y wf c ef @ =umoG m ;onf ? &ef u k e f j yef a &muf + yD ; csuf c sif ; jyef r xG u f & bJ &H k ; u!$ e f @ =um;csuf apmif h a e&pOf
Adv
k w
f axmifqyd u
f rf;wGif oH;k &ufae&onf? &efuek rf mS tdr&f adS om ol&vGit
f vSn@f uswm0ef,&l +yD;/ tdrjf yefaecGi&hf o
dS nf?
tdrrf mS wpfywfavmufae+yD; oabFmjyefvmawmh oabFmua&v,f qdycf w
H iG af &mufae&onf? 'kw,
d ajrmufae@wiG f
ol a &muf v monf ? oH k ; &uf = umawmh ol & vG i f c &D ; xG u f & onf ? ol u sef & pf o nf ? =umawmh o l & vG i f v nf ;
'kwd,wifOD;jzpfvmonf?
bm;vrf;u rlqvifukodkvfjzpfaq;cef;udk oHk;acgufavmufa&mufch&J onf@wdkif ol&@J terf;=urf;=urf;awGu
ol&vGiu
f v
kd r$ ;f rd;k aeqJ? olrvm&ifvnfrar#m/f wpfjcm;taysmv
f nf;r&Sm/ olvm&if ol&vGijf iif;qdjk cif;r&Scd ?hJ
tom;jzL eifb,fvjkd zpfwmvJ
bmwke;f As truvnf; t&if;r&S/d tzsm;r&Sd
rdcufe@J udpP
vlowif;vlcsi;f aqmif=uonf? 'Dtru 'De,frmS 0g&ifyh *k Kd~ vfjzpfonf? olw@kd avmuwGio
f mru ol&vGiw
f @kd

oabFmom;avmuwGifyg =oZm&Sdonf? vkyfoufwGifru Xgeqdkif&m t&m&Sdwpfa,mufudk tydkifudkifxm;olrdk@

Adv
k w
f axmifqyd u
f rf; ukepf nfXgewGif 'Dtru rD;aoonf? ol&vGit
f vky0f ifcgpu om;jzLjzL ydeyf ed af o;ao;av;rd@k
'Dtru tom;jzLvd@k omac:onf? ola,mifawmrSm 0dZm "d&k f ajrcawmh 'Dtruavmifonf? txuft&m&Sad wGu
odawmh ac: }udrf;ygawmhonf? 'DavmurSm'gawGeJ@ ruif;aomfvnf; }uD;rS0ufoufaygufwJh ol&vGifudkawmh
pkyfwoyfoyfeJ@ *&k%ma'gojzpf=uonf? taygif;toif;rsm;u wpfcsKd@u tm;ay;onf? wpfcsKd@ }uD;rdkufrdk@
a'gojzpf=uonf? wifO;D u olupkd meJ@ vSr;f }udr;f onf?
urm&G u f b uf w G i f ol u d k t d r f i S g ;ay;cJ h o nf ? c&D ; ujyef a &muf c sd e f r sm;wG i f ol t d r f r S m omqH k j zpf o nf ?
udk,ftdrfudkawmh ESpfacgufwpfcg/ oHk;acgufwpfcgrS tjyefpm&if;jyjzpfcJhonf? ol&yfuGuf{nf@pm&if;ppfawmh
&yfuu
G &f ;kH a&mufawmhonf? tmrcHro
hJ rl &S&d if tcsKyfcrH ,fqakd wmh acgi;f ylaepOf
udu
k v
kd iG f
rdom;pktwGi;f om ac:aomemrnfukd ac:oH=um;vdu
k af wmh ol&vGif wpfu,
kd v
f ;Hk usipf ufe@J twd@k cv
H u
kd &f ovdk
jzpfoGm;onf?
[m OD;
tazrdwaf qG OD;pd;k ydik u
f akd wG@vu
kd &f onf? 0rf;om&rvd@k / 0rf;enf;&rvd@k jzpfae&onf? udp+P yD;awmh OD;pd;k ydik u
f
ol&vGifudk tdrfac:oGm;onf? olbmqdkwmudk OD;pdk;ydkifodyHk&onf? tdrfa&mufawmh a':a':vd_ifu n}uD;oef;acgif
b,fuawGvmwmvnf;ar;awmh &yfuGuf&Hk;rSm ololi,fcsif;awGeJ@twl awG@wmvdk@ OD;pdk;ydkifu=unf@aumif;
ajymvdkufygonf? a':a':vd_if uG,frSOD;pdk;ydkifu ol&vGifudk }udrf;ygawmhonf? tazudkjyefrajymzdk@ awmif;yefawmh
aemufwpfacgufvm&ifawmh twdkifbJvdk@ OD;pdk;ydkifajymonf? OD;pdkydkifu wpfcgwpf&H taysmfvmonf[kxifyHk&onf?
tdrif gS ;+yD; pwJch saeonfuakd wmh odyrkH ay: ol&vGiu
f vnf; aemifrjzpfap&ygb;l vd@k ajym+yD;jyefco
hJ nf? aemufyikd ;f OD;pd;k ydik u
f kd
rawG@atmifaeaomfvnf; olt&yf/ ola'ordk@ vlcsif;rawG@aomfvnf; ol&vGifta=umif; OD;pdk;ydkifrSwqifh
tazem;ayguyf gawmhonf?
xrif ; pm;cef ; xJ ol & vG i f w pf a ,muf w nf ; xrif ; pm;aepOf tartem;vmxd k i f + yD ; xrif ; pm;cef ; xJ
b,fo&l adS o;vJv@kd tuJcwf+yD;
udpk ;kd ydik f tdrv
f moGm;w,f
ol&vGipf m;awmhrhJ xrif;vkyf yef;uefxjJ yefcs+yD;tarudk tvef@w=um;jyef=unf@ro
d nf? tarrsuv
f ;kH awGu
t&m&mudkod+yD;ae+yD;qdkwJh tajzudkay;aeonf? taza'goudkvJajymonf? taruawmh 'Dtouf'Dt&G,ftxd
tpGe@f txifr&Scd w
hJ m/ t}uD;qH;k om;rd@k 'Dupd rP sK;d ti,fawGo&d if t&dt
k aowefrmS udv
k nf; pd;k wmrd@k tazudpk w
d af t;at;
xm;+yD ; ajz&S i f ; =uzd k @ taru ajzmif ; zsxm;a=umif ; ud k v nf ; ajymygonf ? ol & vG i f u d k v nf ; a&S @ quf r wd k ; zd k @
rdom;pktwGif;rSma&m/ udk,ftodkif;t0dkif;twGif;rSmyg ajymp&mawG/ t&dktaowefrSmawGudk pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf
&Sif;jyygonf?
eift
h az eifu
h pd P udpk ;kd ydik af jymvdo
k &d +yD; pdwq
f ;kd wmxuf ol@tazajymwmudk yd&k u
S w
f ,fajymw,f
[if tzd;k vnf;odw,f? tzd;k ubmajymvd@k vnf;
eift
h zd;k u vGecf w
hJ hJ ig;ESpaf vmufuwnf;u eifu
h kd tdraf xmifcsay;zd@k ajymaewm eift
h azu olom;udt
k r$e;f
wifajymcJw
h m ckawmh b,fe@J &pdS vd@k axhvw
$ v
f u
kd w
f ,f
ol&vGif tdrfaxmifrjyKbJ aeaewmudk tzdk;uoabmrus 'DavmuxJ wpfae@r[kwf wpfae@tawG@udk
ra&SmifEikd &f if cufr,fqw
kd mudak jym+y;D tdraf xmif&ufom;csay;zd@k tazudt
k +ro
J wday;aewm ol&vGio
f o
d nf? taza&m/
ol&vGiu
f yg tzd;k udk pd;k &drw
f efavm[k xifjrifrcd =hJ uonf? 'Dupd u
P kd OD;pd;k ydik q
f u
D tazod&awmh ,rf;yHrk ;D =ujzpfonf?
taru a&S@a=umif;aemufa=umif;&Si;f jy+yD; pdwaf t;at;xm;zd@k tazudak jzmif;zsonf? taza'goudv
k nf;xdr;f Edik af tmif/
ol&vGifa&S@a&;udkvnf; wdkifyif&atmif tzdk;qD taroGm;+yD; tusKd;ta=umif;ajymjy cJhonf? tzdk;u a'0DausmfeJ@
tdraf xmifcsay;zd@k t}uHjyKonf?
tazvcpm;tvkyu
f ae ukeo
f nfypJG m;tvkyaf jymif;vkyaf wmh awmifi/l ysO;f rem;buf c&D;txGurf sm;&muae
om0wWd+rdK@u OD;av;ausmfeJ@ &id;ESD;cJhonf? OD;av;ausmf&J@ om; e'Dausmf wuUodkvfwufawmh taqmifr&cif
ol&vGiw
f @kd trd rf mS ae&onf? a'0Dausmq
f ,fwef; usL&Si&f efuek rf mS ,lawmhvnf; ol&vGiw
f @kd trd rf mS yifaeonf? ESpt
f rd /f

wpftrd rf o
d m;pkvjkd zpfaeonf? e'Dausmaf usmif;+y+D y;D jcif; ol@w@kd +cx
H u
J tvkyo
f rm;wpfO;D &J@ orD;udck ;kd ajy;awmh OD;av;ausmf
a'0Dausmt
f wGuf pdwyf v
l monf? ol&vGiw
f @kd bufu urf;vSr;f csuu
f kd OD;av;ausmf vufco
H nf?
OD;pd;k ydik ef @J qH+k yD;aemufyikd ;f csppf rk a&m/ ol&vGiyf g taetxdik q
f ifjcifvmovdk csppf rk u toufarG;vrf;a=umif;
ynmwpfck oifcsiw
f ,fqw
kd meJ@ yxr pufcsKyfynmudo
k ifonf? aemufqyH if!yS ef @J vSjyifvyk if ef;udk oifonf? OD;pd;k ydik w
f @kd
jrKd@e,fuae todtu|rf;enf;aom +rdK@@e,fwpfckudkajymif;+yD; olb0a[mif;udkpGef@+yD; pufcsKyfpm;onf? aemufydkif;
&efuek +f rdK@xu
J tvSjyifqikd w
f pfqikd w
f iG f tcsed yf ikd ;f 0ifvyk &f if; olb0udw
k nf+idraf tmif}udK;pm,lonf? a'0Dausmef @J udpP
csppf rk udak jymjyawmh
tudk tdraf xmifjyK&if usr e,fjyefawmhr,f
bmjzpfv@kd vJ 'Dvnf; tajcwusjzpfae+yD;bJ
rjzpfz;l tudk usrwd@k ta=umif; e'Doad ewmbJ tawmf=um tudw
k @kd trd af xmifa&; usra=umifh taESmift
h ,Suf
jzpfaer,f
e'Duem;vnfygw,f aemuftudw
k @kd oef@oef@&iS ;f &Si;f ae&if+yD;wmbJ
rvkyef @J tudk usrb0aemufxyfwpfcg rrSm;csiaf wmhb;l
csppf rk e,fjyefa&;udo
k m ajymvmonf? oef@oef@&iS ;f &Si;f aezd@k qw
kd m ESpaf ,mufpvH;k twGuf rjzpfEikd w
f mudk
ESpaf ,mufpvH;k odonf? e'Duakd wG@awmhvnf; olupd eP @J ol&vGiw
f @kd tdraf xmifa&; rxdcu
kd af pzd@k uwday;onf? ol@b0rSm
wpf}udrfwpfcgrSm;cJhwJh trSm;a=umifh tdrfaxmifwpfckysufcJh&wm/ oludk,fwdkifvnf; 'Db0a&mufcJh&wmudkajym+yD;
ol&vGiw
f @kd trd af xmifa&;udak wmh 'Dvrkd jzpfapcsiaf =umif;udak jymonf?
cspfpkrudk taemuf&dk;rawmifajcu&Gmwpf&GmwGifarG;onf? arG; arG;csif;tarqHk;onf? tarpdwfjzifh
tazut&uf o rm;jzpf o nf ? q,f E S p f o rD ; t&G , f w G i f o&uf + rd K @ud k td r f a z:tjzpf e J @ a&muf o nf ? td r f & S i f & J @
wpfO;D wnf;aomorD;eJ@ twlae&wmrd@k ryifyef;vS/ csppf rk q,fig;ESpaf vmufwiG f tdr&f iS o
f rD; wuUov
kd pf may;pm,l
teD;uyfoifwef;wuf&if;u ausmif;wufaz:wpfa,mufjzifh cspfu|rf;0ifonf? orD;&D;pm;csdefawG@&mwGifvnf;
csppf rk ygonf? ESpOf ;D om;tqifrajyvsiv
f nf; csppf rk u atmifo,
G v
f yk &f onf? ESpzf ufrb
d rsm; oabmwlv@kd w&m;0if
toGm;tvmrsm;wGifvnf; cspfpkrygonf? aemufqHk;ESpf oifwef;t+yD; tdrftjyefwGif tqifrajyr_@ }uD;}uD;rm;rm;
jzpf v myH k & onf ? csd e f ; awG @ &mud k r vmEd k i f a =umif ; oG m ;ajym&if ; u t&uf a xG a eaomvl i ,f w pf a ,muf e J @
pdwu
f pm;wwfaomt&G,f rde;f rysKw
d pfa,mufw@kd pdwu
f ,
G &f mt&yfwiG f jzpfcahJ omjzpf&yfu vlo;kH a,muf&@J b0udk
tajymif;tvJjzpfaponf? ESpzf ufrb
d rsm; =um;0ifr@_ a=umifh r*Fvmudpt
P qifajyoGm;onf? r*Faqmifupd t
P vkyrf sm;&ifu
cspfpkr rl;vJonf? owd&awmh wpftdrfvHk; rdk;rD;avmifaeawmhonf? cspfpkr yHkysufwmwJh/ r*Fvmaqmif&ufrrdk@
zH;k zH;k zdzx
d m;cJh =uonf? r*Fvmaqmifupd t
P +yD; wpfa,mufuvnf; o&ufzufurf;rul;&/ csppf rk vnf; &Gmjyef&onf?
ukeaf &mif;uke0f ,fvyk &f if; 'Db0udak &mufonf? 'Db0a&mufrS trnft&if; cufcufrmuae o&uf+rdK@ut
kd pGjJ yK+yD; rcsppf k
o&ufo;D uae csppf rk jzpfvmonf?
ol&vGiw
f @kd r*Fvmudpu
P kd OD;av;ausmq
f ENtwdik ;f om0wWw
d iG u
f si;f yonf? r*Fvmaqmif+yD; ESp&f uft=umwGif
ol&vGifrSty &efukefrdom;pktm;vHk; &efukefjyef=uonf? ol&vGifu wpfvcGifh,lvmolrdk@usef&pfonf? tazwdk@
um;xGuo
f mG ;+y;D wpfem&Davmuft=um OD;av;ausmaf cgi;f rl;w,fqv
kd @kd q&m0efac:&m q&m0efyif OD;av;ausmt
f oufukd
rrSv
D u
kd yf g? awmifiw
l iG ef m;aeaom tazwd@k om0wWjd yefvm+y;D OD;av;ausmf psmyem pDpOf&onf? OD;av;ausmq
f ;kH +y;D aemuf
a'0Dw@kd om;trdEpS af ,mufukd &efuek w
f iG af e&ef tazupDpOfaomfvnf; a':av;aru olZmwd uavmudo
k mjyefcsi[
f k
qdkvmonf? oabFmom;ol&vGifeJ@ uavmol a'0Dausmfwdk@b0uvnf; taea0;cJh=uonf? om;pdk;ol&vGif
arG;aomtcsed rf mS yif ol&vGif a'0Dausmt
f em;wGirf &Scd ?hJ
1988 ta&;tcif;jzpfawmh ol&vGif yg0ifco
hJ nf? 1990 a&G;aumufyu
JG mvrsm;wGiv
f nf; ol&vGit
f +idrrf ae?
tppftaq; tar;tjref;rsm;vmaomtcg tazuol&vGiftwGuf pdk;&drfpdwf0ifvmonf? 1992avmufwGif
ol&vGiaf &Smif&wdr;f & tqifah &mufvmonf? uavmvnf; rvGwaf wmh e'Ducsppf rk &S&d mae&mudk ewfvrf;!$eo
f nf?
csppf rk tdrw
f iG f ajcmufvavmufc+kd yD; Edik if jH cm;xGucf o
hJ nf?
Edik if jH cm;rSm tESpEf pS q
f ,fausmu
f mrSm armif&0J if;qdw
k may:vmonf? csppf rk om;wJh &[efczH @kd tazcGijhf yKcsuf
vmawmif;wmwJh ol&vGifacgif;awG&_yfukefonf? e'Dudkzkef;qufar;awmh cspfpkrrSm udk,f0ef&Sdwm oloda=umif;

uav;a&S@a&;twGuf uav;udk olwmif;rdv@kd rD;rzGg;cifoal jc&mazsmufomG ;wJt

h a=umif;ajymygw,f? 'Dta=umif;awG
olrajymjyrdwmudv
k nf;awmif;yef&mS onf? e'Donfom;orD;r& pd;k ol&vGiu
f v
kd nf; olcspcf iG rhf &/ pd;k ol&vGiu
f vnf;
oltzGg;tEG,b
f ufvu
kd +f y;D a&mifxm;onf/ acgi;f aygi;f onf? vufaumuf0wfonf? e'Da&m/ tazuyg rESprf sK@d aomfvnf;/
taea0;=uawmh rwm;qD;Edkif=u? 'DtwGuf armif&J0if;&[ef;0wfa&;udpPudk taz&m/ e'Dyg tm;wufwa&m
jzpfaeyHk&onf?
tazjyefa&mufawmh armif&0J if;udpP ol&vGiaf r;jzpfonf? armif&0J if;uawmh &[ef;b0eJ@bJ aeawmhrt
hJ a=umif;
ajymonf? om;&[ef;udk zl;&ifcsppf rk b0ul;onf? tazudv
k nf;awmif;yefonf? uefawmhonf? ol&vGiaf y;cJah om
vuf0wfvufpm;awGuv
kd nf; jyefay;onf? 1992ckEpS af &Smifwrd ;f pOfu pm;&dwt
f jzpfo;kH cJo
h nfq+kd yD; ol&vGipf m&if;
azsmufcJhaom ypPnf;rsm;jzpfonf? armif&J0if; tdrfvmpOfumvuvnf; ol&vGifay;cJhaom tzdk;vufpGyfudk
oufaotjzpf,v
l mvd@k tazrsu&f nfus&onf[k ti,fawGajymvd@k ol&vGio
f &d onf? tazuawmh ajr;&[ef;&J@
&[ef;'umb0udk aysmaf ysm}f uD;cH,al e&Smonf?
{&m0wD jcif ; =um;a& Zwf v rf ; wpf y k ' f t m; q&m}uD ; yg&*l a &;zG J @ aom trR y gvD 0 wW K xJ r S
aemufq;kH tcef;udk rSI
D a&;zG@J ygonf?

{&m0wD. oD&rD m
ol&vGifwdk@ oifwef;qif;+yD; &Hk;csKyfuae Adkvfwaxmif (ukefpnf) XgecGJudk ydk@vdkufuwnf;u 'Dtrudk
ol&vGio
f &d onf? Adv
k w
f axmif qdyu
f rf;wGif 'Dtrudk rodorl &S/d txl;ojzifh ol&vGiw
f @kd Xgeutukeo
f o
d nf? 'Dtrudk
{&m0wDoabmFom;wdkif; rodolr&Sd? olra&mufzl;aom {&m0wDoabmFqdkwmvnf; Adkvfwaxmifqdyfurf;rSmr&Sd?
wpfcgwpfav oabmFom; oabmFtajymif;a&$@ olvufrSwfeJ@ !$ef=um;v$mrxGufaomfvnf; olEkwfrdef@u
twnf j zpf w wf o nf ? ol @ a=umif h Ad k v f w axmif o abmF o m;rsm; &mZ0wf o if h w m vnf ; &S d a o;onf ?
&mZ0wfoifhw,fqdkwm tpdk;&tm%mydkifu ta&;,lwmudkajymwmr[kwfyg/ oluwdkifvdk@ Xgeqdkif&m t&m&Sdu
ta&;,ljcif;cH&wmudk qdkvdkwmyg? olu Adkvfwaxmif (ukefpnf) XgecGJ&J@ XgerSL;oHk;OD;xJu wpfOD;udk &ifcGifxJ
xnf@xm;wJholav?
ol&vGif tvkyf0ifawmh toufuvnf;i,fonf? tom;jzLjzL/ t&yf&Snf&Snf/ ydefydefyg;yg;/ vl[efEGJ@vdk@
ppfaq;a&;t&m&Su
d oabmF}udK;awmifEikd yf grh vm;vd@k ar;,l&onf? jynfwiG ;f oabmFom;qdak wmh y av;vH;k / z oH;k vH;k
tqdk&Sdonf? oabmFom;b0 yxr ysif;p&maumif;onf? taygif;toif;pHkvmawmh aysmfp&maumif;vmonf?
vdik ;f aygi;f pHv
k m&ifawmh ysupf ;D awmhonf? ysupf ;D +yD;&ifawmh ud,
k w
f m0ef,&l wJh tvkyu
f kd aygah vsmw
h m/ ysuu
f u
G w
f m/
tvGo
J ;kH pm;vkyw
f mawG jzpfvm+yD; 0&rf;ajy;jzpfwwfonfukd &nf!e$ ;f +yD; ysi;f / aysm/f ysu/f ajy; vd@k q&kd ;kd pum;&Scd o
hJ nf?
zoH;k vH;k uawmh a,musm;F rsm;om tvkyv
f yk &f wJah e&mrd@k t&uf(zefcu
G )f / rde;f r(zm;OD;xkw)f / tavmif;upm;(zJ) udq
k v
kd kd
jcif;jzpfonf? jynfwGif;a&a=umif;oabmFom;wdkif; zoHk;vHk; tenf;qHk; wpfvHk;avmufawmh u|rf;=uonf?
oH;k yifvrd &f ifawmh ajy;qdw
k x
hJ J ygawmhonf?
topf0ifvmaom oabmFom;av;rsm;udk aemifawmfh aemifawmf tudo
k abmFom;}uD;rsm;u aysmv
f matmif/
&$iv
f matmif oif&h moif&h m tXg&\rsm;udk tcrJh oif=um;ay;=uonf? pnf;&H;k =uonf/ odr;f oGi;f =uonf? wpfcsK@d vnf;
pGJoGm;=uonf/ ol&vGifudkvnf; oif=uonf? ol&vGifuzESpfvHk;udk vdrRmyg;eyfpGm a&SmifEdkifaomfvnf;/ zm;OD;xkwf
udprP mS awmh tawmftjyif;txefjzpfco
hJ nf? ol&vGiw
f @kd 'DXgeudak &mufa&mufjcif; pufrahJ &,mOfawGjzpfwhJ ukew
f aJG wGrmS
wm0efcsay;onf? ukew
f q
JG w
kd mu ukeyf pPn;f wef (120)wif pufrw
hJ aJG wGjzpf+yD;/ ukeq
f o
JG abmFwpfp;D wGif ab; 0J/,m
ESpzf uf pufrw
hJ EJG pS pf ;D udk qG&J onf? pufrw
hJ JG wpfww
JG iG f wm0efus oH;k a,muf&o
dS nf/ wpfa,mufuwm0efcjH zpfonf?
oludk wefao[kac:onf? tdENd, bmompum;jzpfonf? ,cif {&m0wDyvkyfwDem ukrR%Dacmwfu oabmFom;
tm;vHk;onf tdENd,EdkifiHom;rsm;jzpf=uonf? b*Fvm;jynfe,fom;rsm; trsm;pkjzpfonf? 'ga=umifh tac:ta0:
tm;vHk;onf olwdk@ombmpum;rsm;twdkif; ac:a0:ae=uonf? a&,mOfrSL;udk qvif/ wufrudkifudk qlumeD

vdk@ac: =uonf?
ol&vGipf ufrahJ &,mOfrmS wm0efusawmh zESpv
f ;kH udak &Smif&vG,af omfvnf; zg;OD;xkwf zudak wmh tawmfa&Smif
&onf? pnf;&Hk;a&;orm;rsm;uvnf; tawmfu|rf;=uonf? yxr i,fi,f acsmacsm vSvS vli,f}udKufav;rsm;eJ@
qG,fonf? aemuf vufpajcp&SdwJh Ekwfv#m&JwJh cyfoGufoGufrsm;eJ@ a'G;a&m,Sufwifaevdk@&atmif zef;wD;pnf;&Hk;
=uonf? aemufqHk; "gwf=urf;wdkuf+yD; pnf&Hk;awmhonf? ol&vGif udk tcef;xJxnf@+yD; cyf=urf;=urf;wpfa,mufeJ@
vGwaf y;onf? tcef;usO;f usO;f av;xJ ESpaf ,mufxw
J cg;ydwx
f m;awmh a&Smifr&/ wdr;f r&/ awmif;yefr&/ wd;k vsKrd &/
eom;yga&m/ om;yga&m twif;tm;"rRvkyfawmh ol&vGif yxr ESpfxyfukwif tay:qifhrSm wufaeonf?
xyf=urf;vmawmh jywif;aygufwHcg;zGifh+yD;ckefcsonf? vlutjyifa&mufvmaomfvnf; cg;wGifykqdk;uygrvm/
abmifbDwdkeJ@ ol&vGifwpfa,muf xdkifr&/ xr&/ jzpfaewkef; 'Dtru a&mufvm+yD; bmjzpfwmvnf;ar;onf?
ol & vG i f r suf E S m }uD ; &J + yD &S u f a erS e f ; od a wmh tcef ; wH c g;zG i f h = unf + yD tcef ; xJ u ol u d k a &m/ tcef ; jyif u
ajrSmufay;wJo
h al wGuakd &m qJenf;q,frsK;d pHk atmifqo
J mG ;onf? 'Daemufawmh ol&vGiu
f kd b,forl S rpnf;&H;k 0Hah wmh
b,fzg;OD;xkwrf v
S nf; ol&vGit
f em;a,mifv@kd awmifruyf=uawmh?
'D v d k t aexm;rsKd ; xJ u ae ol & vG i f cspf p k r eJ @ jzpf a wmh 'D t rapG @ apG @ ck e f a wmh o nf ? yxr ol c spf p k r ud k
yGJ=urf;zdk@csdefao;onf? ol&vGifudk,fE_dufuygaewmodawmh 'DtrbmrSrajymawmh 'gayrJh 'Dtr tawmfawmh
pdw0f ifpm;oGm;yH&k onf? 'Dig;usn;f ajcmufusyw
f ifukd eifb
h mud}k udKufwmvnf; tom;jzLvd@k ar;onf? ol&vGiu
f &Dusu
J sJ
vkyfaeawmh oluyga&m&Dygawmhonf? ol&vGifwdk@ta=umif; vlajymrsm;vmawmh urm&GwfbuftdrfiSg;+yD;aeonf?
wpfcgwpf&H urm&Guftdrfudk'Dtr a&mufvmwwfonf? cspfpkrudkvnf; wnfwnfwHwHaezdk@ajymwwfonf?
ol&vGifc&D;xGufaecsdef cspfpkr Adkvfwaxmifqdyfurf;bufvm&if 'Dtru qlyl}udrf;armif;wwfonf? 'DvdkeJ@
wpfESpfavmuf=umawmh ol&vGifwdk@u usKdwfvyfu ukefwifvm+yD; ukefcs&ufapmifh&if; Akdvfwaxmifqdyfurf;wGif
oabmFuyfxm;pOf 'Dtra&mufvmawmh oabmFuvlawGu iSuaf ysmoD;awGcsau|;=uonf? usKu
d v
f yfjyef xH;k pHtwdik ;f
usKdufaxmfwGifuyf+yD; emrnf}uD; eHomzl;iSufaysmoD;eJ@ oD;ar$;iSufaysmoD;awG 0,f=uonf? udk,fpm;zdk@a&m/
vufaqmifay;zdk@a&m 0,f=uonf? ol&vGifa&csKd;cef;uxGufawmh 'DtrudkawG@awmh E_wfqufvdkufonf?
ol&vGit
f oH=um;awmh olpm;aewJh iSuaf ysmoD;udk xrif;pm;yGt
J ay:csvu
kd +f yD;
'Dtom;jzLa&S@ igiu
S af ysmoD; rpm;0Hb
h ;l vd@k t&ufcwfaxGaxGe@J aumufcgiifcg ajymvdu
k af wmh
tm;vH;k u a=umifppD jD zpfuek =f uonf? ol&vGiv
f nf; a=umifomG ;onf? rl;rl;eJ@ bmawGav#mufajymaevJv@kd xifro
d nf?
olab;rSmxdik af ewJh aZmf0if;u
bmjzpfv@kd vAJ s
'Daumif ig;usn;f ajcmufusyw
f ifrudk bm}udKufaeovJv@kd igocd siaf ewm ckro
S ad wmhw,f
bmqdik v
f @kd vAJ s truvnf; 'Daumifu terf;=urf;=urf;udk pGaJ ewmyg udpk ;kd rif;axmufonf?
at; tJ'h D terf;=urf;=urf;a=umifb
h aJ [h
uJ&Sif;ygtkef;tr&J@ udkodef;0if; axmifay;vdkufonf? vli,fawG}uD; nwm0ef,l=uwmrdk@
aysmaf pysuaf p pum;r&Spd um;&Sm tpxkw=f uonf? 'Dtrrl;ae&if 'Dvb
kd J tpxkw+f yD; atmufpum;awGajymwwf=up+rJ?
bmudq
k v
kd w
kd mvJAs ol&vGiu
f vnf; 0ifygvu
kd o
f nf?
'Dtom;jzLudk pawG@uwnf;u 'Dawmifukd [w%v
D @kd iguodaewm
[ aqmfw,f[ol&vGiu
f &Dusu
J seJ @J ajymawmh
[kww
f ,f eifu ESmwHajzmif+h yD; ESma,mifew
D ,f tJ'h g [w%b
D J
[kww
f ,f [kww
f ,f 'Daumifukd o&ufrmS wke;f u tzGg;}uD;awG@u yxefuv
k m;
vm;vd@k ar;=uw,f? aZmf0if; 0ifaxmufcaH jymonf?
o&ufuawmifay: bkef;}uD;ausmif;wpfausmif;u tkwfa&uefwpfuefudk tvSLcHawmh ol&vGifu
jzpfajrmufatmif pnf;&Hk;ay;cJhonf? tkwfa&uefa&pufcsyGJrSm q&mawmfu ol&vGifeJ@wGJ+yD;"gwfyHk&dkufxm;wJhyHkudk
qGr;f pm;aqmifxcJ sw
d x
f m;wmudk awG@omG ;wJh tzGg;}uD;awGu qHyif&n
S &f n
S f E_wcf rf;ar$;a&;a&;eJ@ ol&vGiyf u
kH =kd unf@+yD;
'Dyxefuv
k m;av;u bk&m;w&m; =unf!o
kd m;bJv@kd ajymwmudk aZmf0if;u trSww
f &ajymvdu
k jf cif; jzpfonf?
nOf@eufawmh ol&vGiftdyf,m0ifonf? 'DtreJ@ aZmf0if;wdk@tkyfpk b,ftcsdeftxd pum;ajym=uonfrod/

tJ'h n
D u 'Dtr oabmFwiG t
f yd o
f nf? aemuf&ufyikd ;f aZmf0if;&mZ0wfoifah wmhonf? wpfnvH;k jyefrvmawmh 'Dtr&J@
pyGepf mudu
k kd a'gazgi;f onf? 'DoabmFrmS tdyw
f ,fqw
kd modawmh 'DoabmFu oabmFom;udk ynmay;onf? udpk ;kd rif;eJ@
udkodef;0if;u pufbufurdk@ ol'kuQay;vdk@r&/ uHqdk;olarmif&Sifu aZmf0if;jzpfaeonf? aZmf0if;'DudpPuif;wmudk
vlwikd ;f odonf? pyGepf mudu
k v
kd nf;odonf? =uGurf Edik f usrD ;D eJ@&@d_ jcif;jzpfonf? aemufq;kH ol&vGief @J 'Dtr ol@pyGepf mudu
k kd
udkrenf;awmif;yef,l&onf?
wu,f w ef ; u 'D t r&J @ pyG e f p mud k u d k e J @ ol & vG i f u tpD ; uyf w mawmh r [k w f y g ol & vG i f jynf u ae
tvkypf 0ifuwnf; bke@J abmufjzpfvmwJo
h yl g? olvufatmufXgerSm tvkyv
f yk &f awmhvnf; ol&vGiu
f olxufjrifw
h hJ
t&m&SdawGudkawmif jyefajymaeawmh olu ol&vGifudkjyefxdef;ae&wJh b0a&mufoGm;onf? ol&vGiftaeat;wm/
&dk;om;wm/ yGifhyGifhvif;vif;ajymwwfwmudk oluoabmusyHk&onf? aemuf'Dtruvnf; ol&vGifaumif;a=umif;
tajymrsm;wmvnf;ygy&kH onf? 'Dy*k K~ v
d u
f udv
k ekd aD cmwf a&wyfxu
G jf zpfonf? bdv
k &kd onf? 'Dtruvnf; oH&;kH wpf&;kH rSm
tvkyfvkyfzl;onfajymonf? b,foH&Hk;rSef;awmhrod? olvnf;bdkvdk &onf? olwdk@ESpfOD;wpfcgwpf&H bdkvdkawmhae
wwfomudk =um;bl;onf? 'Dtr b,ft&yfb,fa'ouqdw
k m ol&vGirf od/ t&yfyyk /k tom;jzLjzL/ ud,
k t
f aetxm;
wkwfwkwfcdkifcdkif 'Dtrudk &kyf&Sifrif;orD; EJG@EGJ@rl tu,f'rD&aom &kyf&SifZmwfum;emrnf twdkif;ac: =uonf?
'Dtruvnf; tJ'h w
D ikd ;f &if;oljzpfonf?
ol&vGif 'DXgeudak &mufcgpu a'oaumvdyw
f ufaewmrd@k XgewGin
f wm0ef,+l yD; ae@bufausmif;wufonf?
wpfEpS af vmuf=umawmh 'Dtr ud,
k 0f ef}uD;;eJ@ &efuek t
f a&S@yikd ;f aq;&Hu
k kd oGm;oGm;aewm wpfae@awmh 'Dtru aq;&Hu
k
tjyef ol&vGifu ausmif;toGm; rD;yGdKifhwGifqHk=uonf? 'Dtru qdkufum;ay:uae ol&vGifudk tm;&yg;&
tom;jzLvd@k atmfac:onf? ol&vGiu
f &Su&f u
S ef @J ausmif;xJ0ifajy;onf? aemufwpfywfavmuf=umawmh nbuf&;kH ay:
wufvm+yD;
ig eifah usmif;wufaerSe;f rodv@kd E_wq
f ufrw
d m pdwrf qd;k yge@J [,f
u|eaf wmf&ikd ;f oGm;wm awmif;yefygw,ftr&,f
'Dvekd @J 'DtreJ@ ol&vGif &if;ES;D cJah omfvnf; 'Dtr&J@aemufq;kH c&D;udk ol&vGirf a&mufjzpfchJ a'0Dausmef @J vufxyf+yD;
ol&vGif c&D;rxGufawmh &Hk;rSmomtxdkifrsm;onf? 'DtcsdefawGrSm 'Dtr usef;rma&raumif;vdk@ wa&Smifa&Smif
jzpfaeomodonf? aemufaq;&H;k wifvu
kd &f wmudo
k o
d nf? pyGepf mudu
k ekd @J wpf&;kH wnf;qdak omfvnf; pwm;rpyfjzpfc/hJ
aemufyikd ;f 'Dtr&J@ use;f rma&;tajctae qd;k qd;k 0g;0g; jzpfaewmud=k um;awmh ol&vGio
f wif;oGm;ar;zd@k olpyGepf mudu
k kd
udkar;awmh roGm;zdk@wm;onf? ol&vGif uavma&mufaewkef; 'DtrqHk;onf? Xgeu rdwfa[mif;/ rdwfopf
oabmFom;awG bwfpu
f m;ESppf iD gS ;+yD; oGm;=uonf? 'Dtrudk rawG@&/ awG@ciG rhf ay;/ 'Dtr aecJah omtcef;udyk if wm;jrpf
e,ftjzpf xH;k awGjzL;xm;w,fv@kd ajym=uonf? tJ'h aD emufawmh 'Dtr pyGepf mudu
k kd tygt0if wpfcsK@d wpfcsKd yk*K~ v
d rf sm;
ud,
k t
f odpw
d "f gwef @J aq;ppf=uwmudk =um;&onf?
rif;a&m aq;ppfao;vm;
igu bmqdik v
f @kd aq;ppf&rSmvJ
odb;l av rif;ESpu
f syaf y;/ ig;usyaf y;eJ@ [d[
k mjycdik ;f / 'D[mjycdik ;f / [du
k ikd 'f u
D ikd f vkyw
f wfv@kd
=unf@wm/ udik w
f meJ@ ul;vm;uG rif;uvnf; ol0goemudk az:aumifvyk af wmh aZmf0if;wpfa,muf
u|JjrSD;wdkoGg;onf?
tokbwke;f u rif;vdu
k yf @kd ao;w,fqkd
rawG@&ygb;l =um;&wma=umufp&maumif;w,f
tJ'h gaygu
h G =umeDuef q&mawmfa[mwJh w&m;xJu b,frmS vSvJ oD&rD mqdw
k mav
[kwu
f yhJ g ig;usn;f ajcmuf q&mawmf&,f/ 'DrmS igyo
k rd u
f jyefvmvd@k [mv0g vmyd@k wm apwemawmif
r&Sad wmhb;l
[m rvkyyf ge@J a'0Du [mv0g}udKufw,f aemuftywf iguavmoGm;&if ,lomG ;r,f
+yD;cJw
h hJ tywfubJ wpfacguo
f mG ;ao;w,fr[kwv
f m;
[kww
f ,f rD;zGg;&ufq+kd yD;oGm;wm igciG &hf ufuek w
f t
hJ xd rarG;vd@k jyefvm&wm igjyefvm+yD; aemufae@
arG;w,f

bmav;vJ
a,musm;F av;uG
=umeDuef q&mawmf&@J b,frmS vSvJ oD&rD m w&m;awmfukd rS;D onf?
a&$au