Itow tn nsr,crtnin th9

nrobon

drun rh o c;rirninnlt c,o-ii,?

, i.

_* *_r':r4ru_:g_$t=J'ggl!g
*

mi.ons-sonctioncd. bg

thc rul0s, of oscortoininj in o judiciol

a matcr of

' _,

foctr

mofion shauld contoin 0/lcoorions' *. "rnfof 'if"'lT?l,ili.'nflx]0,::[:':r'l:p,:l:i"

, _r;:_-

Othcrwise, thc cose mOU

dismisscd?

DC

{,oncrusivr, pro$rtmptioh ohout of low

Knowle4qa
ip,Ss

inlormotion gor
pnf

irir ptp.iii

tromicida ,': ,,
ah

opPttJ 1o tqbor cqsos? n0

quosi' judiciol
b ody s

*if
rulcs

ts fnf

fh r, rcf inar4Of

Aomi(,i d r,

not

pfopcrlg

otlegod

r0gollotiOns

ffotion to dismiss')

4 orrotgnment
ic

o q uostion ol focti

wng

would 0.ccu,sqd m\un far

- -. judgnrent "the ' plc0dings (nulo lt) on (Cose: hnrrnrrus defendorrf rile.c crn onsmrc]r v,vlc odm ile moho$l th c ollogolion s
suPpose dclendont denies rhe 0llegoti0n

con prosccutor m0\,o for o heorinq. .cir

'

, ''.':

,,mstr!4ers,.,

No. lnrir bo otlrqod

.-

CrJpitol offepse

lt?;aring.(inguir:g)1,. ,.
:

ln hie onsWcr

ptedds hot q'Jiltu 'pr0bonduYx

specific denial: den.4 the oll0qqtion

I'

o"f matters

ielied upon for the doniol

substohoe

prc triol

rnon

j won ho commrtf3d iho dolory 'n crirninal 6'q999

fctct

crlmc

probondum

couf't will hove t0 oonducl

.

stiprrlotions of

triol

_?

flvrl r,ncr. \/c (tlmMnl

'r

anRc.

-.

- uttimoto
td0rs

prohonrrum uc. prnbons

root s

nccd-

evidentiorg
*."Inr., .r"n in

g$-bc,in signcd

Juo'1';'J,'1T;t:::
op-provcd"ug court

nrronrtn,,t mnu oor nr*wr,,

arfn,,,t
heq|rng

o"-filnllllrll9l

p*."n,o .uir,r..r tn

F,.n,,o

*,'ro.

connLt PorticiPotE in tho

Rr4r,R

0n p.vicrp4oe

opP b'uir ouf

*nou"'oti
!xocss 0{

ono sidcd

'ex Porle neoring'

f .lllnlrlRl

NoTtcF

,,?oll'ni*,,linln'J

il'$9nfrflt

i, n.",,,.r,n*r. j,,n,.,',
no heoring

nn'i...,orrr,',

'

lh dpfnr'li c0.rs j _ con court oword PgooK LIn

omount prog9d gor)?

thO
16'. I

ann ihc. cnurt tokn _rildtclnl notife, nf pxistehoe nr non exlstsl4co o1 locts? 1rs.

cANNOt be morz than bul

nall hr. lr.ec +hnn

oflt 1 I

p161,166

mondolori iudiciol
- oyi<tDnra

notico
Frtphl Af ttf,lca ond synbols o1 notionolit

n6d tcrFt+nil^l

-tow of notions

thsir potrlicol histofl, lorms of govt

if

rhore

is o focium Probandunl

-officiol
-

- p0lrtrcol history ond corrsiltutron {x tho phtls

0cts moosUfoS of ttm0
lc,ol

wn tha probondun4 cnange?

divisi ons

-"p'e tr,ol order

qovgrn tfne

course

(ser

' 7. Rule l0)

),"^.-, ^.-

...

-_r^-

---*

flFnding,s vs.

irrlrinrbr/ircdnf ro{s

- unqu0sriqngpi?
-

qglronst'r0ti0fi

*,-

Judr6l0i funollons

li
rnon d otcrY 1u dtc rql rroti li'

cf

n0

?,
." 1t :

h0f,/lrlrnvn0ommnnlnw?'i

,,-::.':;1,

:,,-:..':

l-:-.

r"'..

r'

,' .,'

, '
'

unwritten lows dorivcd ffom drnisions of thc higbf,sl rnufis.of tho rnr,ntry
0ccspt cd- hY thcir inhobitonts

frnponnrri 'frlih( 40 estohlis.h' Cr{nmon lo\ l , proccesuol prosumption

_!:

,JrlDll'lAl

ADt'rltssrotrl
pr0ccodtngg

- v*bol or wriltoil,

ln rhc courgo oi rhc

c1n t4aa ma\e Vd|tctll-odrusstotls J o r,-^

^,^ -^ -:^t

docu m

enls

(plcodrngsl.to b0 submittcd, tcquirod

br,

thc

court
'

bppalont6

bricl

(?ule

44')

petifion for rgyfgw

'Qfi ,efr:iiorori
.''j r''.,,. i-l

UP

fa $rsr
&U

EvtDrxcr

p,uLI

LL, I3L

QMf,lTh

oat4on

6j

c/O CU

rn-nr"t t

lo, l3

OIa./<,

a/A tI4o'5.

47
c6

Jr* tJ, ror|

meoning of
Evi d en

l r-?ntde,ruoo

a^i

JAiat J.uiriqauu
?

*
to

9r,t*d",,o
the
e
Ob

ce

Axioms of Admrssrbtlrl/

( 'ox

Saxiom

torn

of cnmpetencA 0f fglevOncq-n0n0

//

ol

hovtnq f0tiO/l0l proboiive vdtuc oro odmistiblc ur{ioss sPecrtrcally cxcldded by rhc rulo
F0cts

t
ObJost Evidenoe

. oddressed

senses
jeCl

of tne courf

qcc 10 wrgrnoro

"

bur iocts hovinq rolionol probolivo vslua dro odm issitrlc

sonebody hos 1o rdenttfr,l

need

pr

testtmorlbl evrdence

trr

c0n olso 69 6,sll od dsm onsrrqt i ve evidence

Y0rdstlcKs wh0thor cvtdenco ts

siotcd tn rolotion to Coll0lerql moflsfs retqtion Iof evidence] to fh e (acl in issue os ro indurce beliel 'rn ils existencs or non existerc0
:

rol

ev0nl

uS vs"
colt

Tegrodo

- exporiment
Poople, ve" ArQ

, Seporole d {ram ho maro

is otlcwed rn our courl

exorrplo o{iftelevor,rt svtdsnc0 tnformotion for homicide, occused plcods not gutlty qctum probandum - whothcr or not h0 commtiled f
homicias

bLty bust operoiion

Con yyc, opply bcsi

c0nverl

wollet of cccursod wjrh hrs tp cords

evid ruto Io tho morked nrone,uJ? No - NA lo oblect evrdenco

GutierreL

bgcome

it

rnto

relevqnt

Col{olerol m0lier

so

thol it

People
could

v9

fl:'.T:g?l:rT''"d*t
zlLretrosPeclant (
sl'loB0guent

collo+erol mottsrs ore cla66ltied

q clrcumslontiol evrdehcetnlo - prior to fhg Offensc - aI thc somo tinl 0 * ofl or

of ttw

Documentorq Evidenco
J

4n1!cedenf
Concomilont

best Evidenco Rulo

choin

6ub6eluenl

ut,

evidenae ma1 be roleva*u but ma1 not be adnLc*tble

becawsd

Senond av,inn' (ampr-tency)

of custody Rurl0 ex seized drugs rn violotion of * exqminol ion

me onlt(no

DDA

fruit of tho

poisotious treo

'cippticcrlion to burn tho drugs tn the

-,sqrnplo of, tho drugs mof be presenled

t I
dire

de

rtvot rv e evidenca derjved ftom an ltlegot 6e0rcl.]

rn

eVl0enCe
?

ct evidence Idrrcclly ) Proves existence 0f 0 f0ct U tssU0 wloul

i.,rerefico

ls ii

0r pr0surnPti

on

essenliol thot thcre is strtcl complronce os lOng 0s tnlpgfltU ond pvrdentlory

"""::,:::";',,',::!:;2:r,'''1ii..','Jl,,,T',',nf ,pli'J^li,!l* wo make an inlerenss evrdeico estqblishcd

Lviclence

voluo is protsctec/

/{DD E.coMMERcE
D0cY
6Y1P

LAW

exlstencg 0f0 St0t0 0f f0cts

r^,;",;" e Evidence - non exisiencs 0f 0 Stotc 0f f0ds

;
I

Corroborotive Eviden ce . ptovcs tho s0mc Ci;mulotive Evidence .glvtng stfength i

proposttt0rl

'
I

0n 0dditi0il

Muttiple. Admissibititg - odrnissibls for t or more thers rs rnore thqn one proOondufn?
Cond

purposos

jilonot

Ad rnrssrbilit!

JuN

3o

Zarz nolarized deed opponent can cnarenge the deed

h0w t0 ch0llengs

Bcst Evidence Rule

\tuhot is the evidence excluded bU the beft evidence rulc?
ssc0nd0rY evl0enc9

ths pr0sufiption 0f Tulrtenltcit\?

now l0 outhontiCoto privoto docs? t. 0nu0ne wh0 sow exgcutl0r

.oy p0rry tlc c0npcll0d

wos with th o odvcrss portJ)

10 Prcsenl

thc originol document

(ii

d0cu

L,

evidence al genuineness 0f signoture or handwriltnq

of

ndokor

wtlt thc bcst evid rul0 b0 opPlicoblc? qclion is bosod 0n 6 written deod of solo buyer 1,rlcs c0mpl0int lo camPol tlle sellor 10 surrencicr tho dtcd

hos sesn the person wrile hos seen writing purp0rting t0 bo hls ond hos ih us 0cqutred knowlodq 0 0f thg / " hondwrrrrng / conrporrsorr by the witltcss 0r the c6urt \\
:

Besl Evidence Rule whell tho sublecl of the tnqurr1ls the coNIENTS 91 q document, no ovidencc Ehoil bc odmisstblo other thon rh0 ori9in0l docufli!nt ttself,

qsk

whq ne knows thot thc sigroluro/hondwriting

-0r0 rl?ose 0[ the p0rlre s tn ihe daoument -'for',rilior' wirh rhe signoluros
(+heir rnorrytedge)

t. L
3.

txcoPl: originol
origrnor,rs

bccn lost, dcstrogcd or connot bo proctuced ln .hos court, wf out bod ;ririh on vho pOfi of rhe 0fferor
custody 0r 00ntr0l 0f rhe p0riy 0g0inst wh0fl1 rhe evid rs offsrsd, ond the totter 1oi1s io pr0clucg it 06 0
,rhe
r

if

the origrnol hcrs

"

rn

-will

rcsul

r {ulllinticaled now bo odniissible in courf i other rsqn4rc , \onguogo it is writtan in

boe
6

Rcosws to rofuso odmrsston 1. nol

writlen

ir1

English

or

riliPinD

2 c0r1t0lns oltcfoll0ris

0r|9il40t c0nststs 0f numoroils cJccour4t6 wlg c0nn0t b0 e'xonined wlorlt 9rcOf t0ss 0f i[?1e and tno f00t sought io bo estobtishcd is only tho qonetal rasuft
orig
rn

expens, irtsrprstcr,r

ol

rs a public

re

or rs r(,oord?d rn o pubtio offic0

cord

lyi

tl4

illsr0

dy 0f q

pUblio

ff rcor

Ancrent 0ocurnents fi0re ihdrr 30 cus0r6 0r 0f tho time 0f ilc

1

f t
qtlach o copy 0f the deod 0l s0i0 to the
c'omp loit4l

prosenloti0n In c'outf cr,rstodg rn

wlc

it

n0 ollgrottotts 0r t,'ircumstclrlc0s 0f stlsplcl0rl

w0uld n0iurolly lco lound

no

profuoniuna ggi
deed?

reoson {0r erc(udrng from nsed f0r 0uthel4tlCOtl0n?

how to oscertqln won to prosent rhe

rUlc 8, sec.

Documenl0rl euidsnl?, rn on unoff iciol longr,rogc danq under otth

ocli0n0bl0 docs

lhe

n4ust spocificqlly

genvineness ond

dus

exscLfttan

deed of solo rn possession 0i plointiff hos boon l0sl - Can ne, g\uo teoondarY ovld ?
musl pr0ve t16 ex!cuti014 0t pr0ve contsxls bu 00PU
P'Kislan1e

0lhorwtse- deemed admilted

1 n0 langer nL\d pr|sanl the ariginal lo

presenlo{ion

of evid (origrnol)

ffust ftr6l bo ouihentic0rcq

there could boseueral origlnols - fiust provo loss of CIll ofigitlols

whqt docunrenls rnusi bo outhenlicoted?

general: privclie dooume,nls
prrbric
l-

if

onry

his copy is lost

(Znd e,xceptiott):

c,tlsfOdU

0r c0ntr0l 0f the

docs vs.

privole

doCs

l. written officiol oois, or records oi oificiol octs of rhe officiql

2. ockrlowlsdqil belata nolarY
Pubtic
i'xq,gP1
cn

procoss con tha origlnol

whot

cldv0rss P0rtu he ovort

of

10 produce

b0d es ond trlbunols 0nd public 0fficers ( Phils. or loreigtt )

i0sl0m

production or t46pecttof? ,.nodc of discovery [rulo ,.1 L I I of docunlenle or thinqs

/subPoe,na ducos tecum ( rula

tl)

"

ts

iqst wilts a

I rute 0f
ex

oPPone4t foils to produce

t,on

J'

publrc rgcords, tn phlls, 0f pilvOle do0s r0qurred bY lo!1/ l0 bt

6scond0ry e\ttd,nc|? 0rder 0f Pto(ercnco'.

nOw'rc60rr'to FOLLOW ,. 3.
I. by
copy re citol o{ conrcnls itr somo

clusion of
o

L\erod thsr^n
notorrLed decd of sOle , is there o need lo oulhenliooto? n0
(

sscond

rY

evidtrice ]

aLttn,Ntc

d0 c

testrrrl0r,rY 0f witn06s

) prutlo focre, !vid of exooutl0n + nOlonced documents ore prosunrod rc bo genuino

dacumanls

noLarrred deed

hoth portr!s losl -(ofti cial ) p urlio record

cerlifred irue
c0pr1 issued Uy

lho official

excepl: nota.rrr,ed l0st wrll

q \\!h\l
?

i,oslom^ut
1140f!

r,.tigs

fp1"

notortrotiott 0ra

stri0t

civil code
Rule 75,

' Roc:

no will sholl p0s0 eslots i.lntil

proved

oilowod

JnV"ao6rw*,t,

of

f,&d;d.t

ft,c't/,

whol do!s tmpeqchmsfi m\an? to discredit judiciol record

ond hos

decie

ion k rsndered bocorno (ivtal qn6 executorV con wo discredit Tha ludgment?

consequenco

0l

tha, ffipsachmant

how

t. wonl of Junsdlclto/l 2. c0llU$101,1

J. ertnncrc paud

Pr00l o f

,i[fft,!t'lfdu r

''''! iflli\*
I

rc onnut judgnenr collusion -encompassed

(rub

4]

<:iii,:r',!,'r"::r:;:f'

by

exfrrustc

*e

meaniitgol

lraud me utmmll
ooto?

con A|u annut Judgmenl rulief frorn judonent

G monihs'fron ontr!

petition for

HABgAS C0Rpus

-in

when judgmenL becomes

lrol

cnmtnalooso and execulof,

rn Specictl ProOeedings; 0r
REOPENIN6
Rt/.Lr

ln

srmrl0r

ffi

rem pr\aeadiAgs

41, 4 no morc
oPPt

oriote 'tornodg

Llectronic \ocumont
irtpo or repr6ssnl0ti0n of it4[o . '
.

y0Lr mou Etrll opply RoC 10 slec docsl n0

0videntiol v0tue/ prOb0rive volu0 of elgdr onic
YrloAI

66911

how t0 daterm\na wholher tt how io outheflticote

j

ts

ongrnol or 0 c0pu?

evidence thot

srgrrcd 1sccurr.tg proccdures

digitortg signed bg pcrs0n purp0rred to hovo

or devi.cs wwo app\ed I ' sl,towing ntegntg ond retiobititu

offiont

goos t0 cOurt for purposos

-if
0f

offidovit
0r0s$ syqrn'rn0tl011

MCC

vs.
, ct

Ssang1ong

ofttments s6nf throuoh fdr

drs

N0T el?,clfo"nio' documents

PARO

L fVIO 0NA EvtD

Juty

'1,

2.o1't-

tril*ru
\ \
been reduce

or,,fl

l*J

,/u{.*qnwwhot k ind of evidenca ls dno

the expetmont
evidenco?

Porol Evidence Ruls

when tho terrYls 0f 0n 0qrccmenl novo

$ost Evidence Rule

is considilcd upotl ond tornlC oqreed ooreed upon 0nc rc cnnroinino nn thB thc tornti os contoininq 0lt porttos ond thcto con b'o. thilo 0nd thelr t b-o bet tht' portr0S 6ucccs6ors In interesf, no evidence 0i sljfifrrn . terfls othcr th}n tht c,onlcnis qtneAqtcencnt
p 0r1q moq pre sent rvidence t0 nrodifU, exploin'or crdd to thc lerrns 0f th 0 written"o0rc'cmefli, if he purs In lssuc ln his

d to writino,"it

object

Howevcr, 0

reporl ' CtjjLthleftAtg I must bc ourherticoted . bg testiffony 4

DNA evid

ffianner, h0w

uS v.
G

GPogorlO

66 proof bellond

rcosonob{o dorlbt

cr

plto dirlg

'

hos oll the t(inds

Intnnsrc oflbiguil!J, fiist0ke 0r rmPfff00tl0n

e'greamznl

tntrrrlsiC

of

l01ent ovYIbigt/lty

b. ioilur0 i0 e{prers ltua Mtlnl I

ex'4th exceprion tc porol evrd

(0ther 1erfis 0fler exeftrti0n ol \gtaemeht)

c. voliditt4
d.

exIrrndtc or potent anbiguity

of wrillen oqtcement
tio n

extsten"ce

of othtr tt'r"rns ogrecd l0 0flCr

eX e cl/

'ogreemenl

'

rncludos will

- qll

sec be;ore

Adnrtssto14

c.onfs,sstOf.l

pl e0

dings in
deed

g civil cction d

Rulo

ex.

of sole
utf im0te

rn civil oction whcl ore tha

rocts

deterrntrrcs the coLr,se 0F 0Cti0n

wrron f rclucl, rnistoko orc 0ll ogod i

equ{l0lrle m0rt9090

dirtinctions bet porol ond best evidence

Lorent 0r
tv?trt,4stc ambtguity ex. conlPocl 0f s0l9

TCI is o vqlid- sufficient

dcscriprion
?

" Folsq Demonsrqlio non nocol

cqm do c6pp6rc

constoi"

Fou19,:"Yiqilon does nab prcc)udo

c0ilsrruOtt0n involt d0to tho
Folsc doscflptron docs not

to delivor o determinale lhing controol 0f sole \l not delermmed: caplble of benTdelermined w/out rew or r urt1ler o9rccmenl

tnstruncni

'

j oI cludcd bU Pqr0t evl(0nco . Whg tnclurcl

e NOI qdrxisstblo

euidence oliurrde ( extririsrc evidonce)

icitirirornioi or d0cum0nt0rq wnlcn wtll vqrU 0r 0rt0r rho t0rms 0f ihg 0gioemeni suoj0ct rnoltor of tnc qction '

nnu,locurneni, whethor

e witts?

will
D

could crls0 suffef defects

NA

EVidence
f

oclurl prob0f dum or

probor,rs

prob0n$

whor is the probonciuft?

tilf,li[;

Wncil is th! evidentiory weighi /, lcss gg.g /. ;corroboretivo evidence ln ?olernitU / f iliolion t aga.9 /. or higrrsr : drsputrr;:rv prosumption of polerniiU post C0nviCti0p DNA testing { frls Hqbsors 00rpr1s - even i{ cortvicted and slagmgm jail
period for rew irial, recln,

lppe\l

15 cloys

rh

hqboos corPus doos Rrc hovo;Lrrrsdtctlon ?

Uos

9en

rule: Judgmeni

connat be modiired (res judiooro)

ex(,eptton: post dno tosling

Ju[y

14, LotZ
Evidence

b2r^*u-

,,9 t;'! r*,-yr^'

who oro disquolifiod to tosillUl obsolute monl0l tncop0city orrmmoluriiy,

Testifioniot
Can

sp0us0l

lmnurlity

'rololtvo
prrvrtegod comfttuntcotion

conflict + if relevont cnd conrpctonf, wilh d0 cuft10ntar1 cvidcnce ? sh0uld bc odmillcd 0dnrssibililg or f0r s,o1aprl6asy
bo odrnirtod if il rs in

il

(nrorirol lrn nl urlllt4 (nrorilol (frof ilol dt6q rl immunil^{ 6pousol dr dis uqlificolion conirdentrvl com dr,rrrng rnd tr iogel
tJ rliff

rqlel 'Scc

?2

noi confldcnti0l

frAM cn^,.^^r 4 diff from spousbl ^ Pfrvrrcgo sco 2+ rro

wit{ d0cum0nt0ry svidcncc exclud0

trstirnonioi evidenCo ? 0ssumrng th01 b0th 0ro rolsyg41,

d0 b0th provido for 0bs0tutc disquotificorion?

a10U

*nor ,r-ul:l:1^orl
(
co

,!y 11, evrdence atiundg

n
b

pQro{ evidenc0 w
t

rutc?
0r

whelhcr rrsnrnoni0l or

if

ihc so,r bo c0rrp0tl0Q? n6 -Tiliot prrvileqo

tho

sor soid
t10

'1i14

wlitrng t0 tost

ify tis cr ltrifnors', lan lho

sotl to tcstitrJ?

t ei r,,n oirirL,, do cu m

y t r',f..tf #;1li1t{#',",L:tli

-,

[0thcr osk thc court not to otlow tho

09rcs/1lC4t subjcct mOlter 0f

tnr

oction

icslrmonio{ evidence, c,on bc 0dmir'lcd:

if in conflict wirh

(o6,Lrag^tory evidcnoc

wno aro thoss witnsssos 0bsolulsly disguotified fro14 i0stifUirg?

1
Scc

?r

( menrol rncapOcily.0r tmmOiurity )

0tiOli{icoti0ns

r
0f
wr

oxionrs 0f re'tev0nc\/ 0(d tompsls^r,

excr,pftorls ufldcr p0r0l
con pcrcPive

'5cC 2? ( spousol

irnmunltYJ

rvid rulo
ilokc known
u0s

tngsscs f L

ln 0qry/c0sc,, con th0 pl0lntlff 00mpcl dcfendonl r0 tgstlf$t c(fl dcfend0nr c0mprl ptqinrifr?

. /..\ -'

P0rCriving,

Con

Dooo Mons

who dics? qdvcfgg

sr'.,0

t['jT,[[:*i,1ltiTffi'.'.i,Tiils:ii'J
on1j mctter

p0rttj

U0s

tflusi obcJ tho subpouro of thc tourt

gcs

linil0lion

th0l wttncs0 n0y

re

fusc,

, docs rl prcsupp0s0 rh0r tnJro i, o frled I *, 0ppltcs In tho oo(o o f

? in

0f fqcf 00cri1n$ bcgorc dcqthirns'nrtg

fi0U

110t be

ooflpgtonl

cornpotred

fo

tosfifU? /udmise ions)

(lost porr or lnte,ffq0torics

00v orso
p

cloim ogornst tho ostoie

e ln tho {orm ol qn offidovit

fi Ust {rrsl.bctsErved rrtltrr0g0torics by tiio

orlu

ffust flrst frlo

In

ond s0fvc r0qu0sI for 0dntlsslon

borrowcr' le,nde'r. borrovrrer dios c|mpl\mt fof (ut?l 0t fi0ytcJ (unpoid loon) docs N0T disruiss tho co$c

I substiruto

Qrrfftnot)c060, con qccusecl bc cOrupottcd? sclf incrrmtnotion

c0n 0ccLls0 c0mpct th0 0fh0r party ? (complornirg wrlress) c1mpV with rulv tS ond Lco? rp follow"crim pto

beforo substitutior4, cOL{rl c0nn0t pr000cd wrth tho

111q1.

+ disguorirrcs

\^rrlne

ss frorn tt,slifytng

0'4{y

04

OertOtn dObtS

rn rhc civil qspcct, hc con cofipcl thc comploinn$ Witross

rn0ttcrs occurfirtg b0f0t'0 ilc dc0lh cXccpf: c,qn leslif) 0n qcts of froUd corrrrnittod by tho do[endont deccosod

txlimony o( s chrld wifnes$

doCs 1le 6116rl1r,
w ir

(0rtg
$#'/
"" "'
1

provided

Chuo vs. Corr)

nlis

provid.e.o prcsumilion rhat i,ho "' "' ", rsr gSioii6Jo U

tto
lCClrd

rh0 pufp0s0 of ttto plorrttiff is i0 tc6frig

--

otuo,;UoltJl[,,:oo,ttr

lho erislancE 0f taud is provctrby tostifignr1

qLtolifr colion ts ossoilod - Lhrrc must bc o prelrmrnart"l cor4petency exqftlncriiotr

'

0f

oth cr,t

vs.

Unosigon

if

r<or qssoilod

con p16cccd 1o exominotior.r (reetirg )

roLiOncCgssorrtS, 00ss0t tpS0 leX when thc rooson roruho tow oco$cs, rhs tqw itsclf ceosos

,,nech0risms

(ir,r eromtnotiorr)

0th0r exompl0s

of privilcqod

c0nmunicoli0vl
AoR

'Con clsK le.odrng qussrion

Con

' [htld wlttloss -lr0d0 sofftls - c0cd.c0l0

'bonh doPosifs

low

dep0sltlon bo nkon
in oouri ?
txos

rns

tecid

of rns chtld testlfuing

Rcgoto

vs.

Soridigonbogori

shoutld

Chili

ct$51s6

sircld rttte
pr

o l0wUer rc\/c0l cllenl( idcrtltt in a cosef gencrolrU, Uos

INADMISSIBLE: evidence to

t,xc,eptions: (3)

behoviofour evidsnce t0 pr0v0 sorUOl prodispo({rlOn 0f viofim

trha1 urcItm errgogcd

lr otfior

6eXLlol

u ,rf fr

EXCEpI: evidenoe to prOv0 rh0t Othcr pErson v\Jos rn0 60urc0 0f tno sonon 0r InJuru

4L % ^ANd'1ri6vu

J LaLllu'taw
tobe, a

bW^!.

bLatuatul

dae^p,qo rt{

un auuatd

&cfr

unlw"tt

Juty z1 201z
Privilegcd Communi cotion

rop0 coso:

offer is nrodo bI ntnong of ihc clccuscd 10 the viclittt -a N0I on rrrplred qdrnrssl0n of guilt
bcc

whoi is Nor 0dmissiblo?

'hu,9bon6i wifc

re6 tnter olto$ clcl0 ( intcrcst of o Pcrs6n conn0l hs prcjudicod by

thc oci of ird porlios

'clltU.client

' mcd icine prootirion

'p

il

p0ticn

' rninister /prioet . conftssDr

ir

occuscd modc thc offer or rnorrioqe * ir4ptied ocirnissi0n 0f guili "

0,Lt0s

ublic off i ccr

tl,ts inter
Znd

srorements gruen bg ihD p0sr.or'ln r0sp0ns0 t0 th0 conle6s0r - oro privltegod? gOs
d00s ihe lowL{or h0v0 to b0 0 n4offbor
p

1st pqrt

acto alteri
Sec 28

nocere upn dobst

Pott;

6sc 34

hit. bqi?

0l

rho

moritol Prlvltoq0
'

n'o'*j',',0:n

inform0iiol4

:f

: :, i;,f;: 1' ;;' i: ::,:l lln, *n,,,

is

rn crvrl cose: N0T 0r ir \

Rulo on 0f rtR 0r c0MPROMlS E ,in crrnrr0l c0so: adfiission - txccpt

gIJll*c.o.d.t';*Slsre-'0o!l.Y

: ?

0dfltsst0n 0f liclbllllY - whg

givcn

in

conf iden09

Lonfsssor tcils pctstor - to divorcs Posi0r tells th! wiflg t0 tivs t0gsth0r, n4oUbo h0ve clrlother child wif e sqlJs 'hod r retiscl 60lely on husborrd, I would nof

(wif

should.scck coffPlr9r"1tilwh of connot bc co6prornised

e)

rs crtmrnol liobitif

y
Sornorio

6nod,9ofrqtlt0lLRu
6

novs hod children" cor th e pqstor rgstiiU in q cqse lor rhe wile 6 nf ftoltl!?
no

lr, -

ii

otl, errili

ite,
w

di6couroges l"elP 9

Colored

vtA-nl--i]utLT rt
Ple0

tkd rqwlL

A DMlsst0NS

-No:--s-qmi[$&]-sJ.

lar

ungec ep t ed

-$u$-W:':

].djgl1.qe

thc

Oct, dcclorotl0n

foct

rn

oy bo given in evidonce ogotnst him

evidene

or odrniselon of 0 PqrtU

Qs

to o
H

rOle

vonf

of

9ur

lt -durlng
or

rol9nm c/ll

ocf rhor courd bo grven In

AGATNsT

lM

"
,,?[tJ*',r:itJt9
OdmissiOns

court witl nof conduci rriol (gsnerolly l excePt : ln ooPitol o ff ens os

N0t 0 f0vor0bl0 declOr0li011 t0 docl0r0nf

eY.

-0rss$ving

norm 0llY rh0 ocgusod connot

"

0f this properrU" sct['scrvlng 0r 0drflissio|1 ? 'depend6 0n lhc sliu0tr0ll Loctionrcrnrrrndtcot'orio rorcibts I

om

just o

tenOnt

toll lho court ihof his ploo 0f gulll ls rrnPr.ovidcrl' low rcqurros o6slslonto or lowYor ln art oignment ( rrlwnV s )

-cl0lmlnq rlqhl to thc pnop0rlU

-probondum ls
Posscssrlon un lowf utlY

ert rlj.

q involvirg

iitlo

woh enlercd ProP/tooK

ond def endsrlt wno is 0wn0r

t0 pr0psriu :rhej ^ prob'ondu n

PlornJif
tho

^ qsKs c0irtf for pcrmrssr0n to witndrow pleo of guttt is recorded still

/' L

(records or the coss

iu it qdmi6siblo in eviclgft 0e ro

decf

orqtion mode
ucu

br3

o Per6on could ot thO sorne time be Odnris6iblg

cnd (nodr"niestblc

in evidenc!:

provo (withdt0wn quirtu) oocused? oi No the gurlt ' g!fu+urti4-P&s-bis. Pcrt d ono
b

pleo 0f

c0JrllAtr.U_40f_ru,f.epilIs._qtAllt

rccord5 iL

rf mode jn
"

0 comp(oirt

ihot

thot is on odrriesion (.]udiciot)

ie relevcini, but rtot odmissibtc why ? not c.on4petel41

ho 16 0 crcd i10r, 1e61 pllr4

d*\or'
cl1tm durtn.q

t0the

"whycn qdfftssjon

? -

Ruts 1zg, soc,t

even th0ugh serf .serving

f riol, tntroducas evicl thdt - ehtitled to pLM

0quivotent lo ples o( gu(lt In 0 civil c0ss: + ddmli ltObillty in _onswCr

gcnerol oenl0l defendqnt con ohqngg his mrnd 'anendments (Rulo lO) 0E 0 motter of rlgnt
r tdi(cr01l011

ls for PtM, fhe plointtft

he ls

rr is odnrrssiblc

iir svidence

con obj!ct . wh0tever is nol otleged il1 1ne c0mpl0ini

J couff con oword p2M ir defense

'

connot lto proved rn court not rclsvqnl to tho i66uo

does nol 0bjgcf
0f

Requirevnenv tohman to ott erooption( lo ros lntgr oll0s oct0

existence of

(,

othor thon tho oc,t/ dcclorotion

is shown bY eviclence I irrdcpondent)

'omendment 10 conf
o n

r,fl

to

evidenc0

r,g 0t

i0ns

Ser,tion g4

PrTpensitY

rulA (fnd

bronC.lt

0f

rgS Inlorolios oOlO rulg)

lost port of thc ruls

0 slfrll0r'rut0

pr0pen$rly 0f 0 person to comnit

Act wlc could bc considere( 0g odmission

of

fcr

d_lpg.p,r-0-mrs.9

convrcilon of murder be usocl to prove ho oomrnlitod qnothcr crimc af

rnLtrder ? n o

Acl 0f qgeni - consrdered

0c1

of pilnclpql

c0uid tho odrnr,rsr0n of the prirtcipol be corsrderod 0s 0n

clct or iho 09ont I

Will th0 act Af th, partner b$d tno wny woulci fho ocl of poflnof brnd rhu ocls or Pz , ?3 I p4?
.l

portnership'

r0nifo0l 0f pdrtnorshrP

pnn0lptc

of

"rnutuoi aganca,'

Reod up

t0

encl

of Heorsog 1

excepttons

July ZB LotZ
Ros lnter Alios Aclo Rule

5141E ryrlN tSS' otty pcrso( wh0 t 0rf tcrp0le d ln tli0 c0 fl1n1ls$10fl 0f o crrmo'i dcslrgs t0 bc 0 wifnrss f 0r
rhc

l.

ftlrisr e xeCLlle
- m0rncr
fvCls

Ihol rhe 0f f ensO

C0ft111

S\N0RN StAl TMENI

1rfc0

sfot0,

c011

opply 0nd

if qu0lificd,
be os

hc oditrttcd: r. oflcnsc 1n wic fcsrlnory wtll

qivcn

- his ?orilCtl]qtlori
2. exOnlrnocl
3. 0drvllt

f!l ino 0sPorlmenl

cgltlf tcotl0tl

1. rhc righls

o{ o porru connot he preludiccd br1 on ocl, doCior0tl0n 0r ofirsston of onofhor ExcoPi :

Admissions bY co Portners /09cnts $.,/in scopc of qtlthorllU durtnq rts o)(tstonca porln"ership /0genc,y shown b1 ofher evidenc0

dclrned rn ihc RpC 0!"ils under 6Pccl0l lows

2. ABsoLuTt NrcESstiy for

r$

q 0RAvr FEt0NY

155Ug

E0UIVALENT

J. N0 orhcr dtfccl e!idenC0 ovollobla

-T*nmil,rycrr

iis

0ppllcotroll D rNrE0 I sWorn slotcmcnt ortd otn0r tcsllm0nli rrr sllPp0rr is ho't adt'k issrble rn evldehco excopf for 1fiP eochrllert Purposc'

by

Consprr0t or

{.
5.

c01

bc .'t/D\fonno//t/ C0FRt60RArt0

rilorrng

durrrg

constlirocy rts extstenoo

to

trrecr 0f Ad'rls^i0 r -[ocq"'rrtor] Jriuaorgo i erclrrsron of occtl"ed

rmmr"rniil fronl crrfi 0r0sgculion

rroreroilorrs
lkc tfiart qut!/rl

ffofl

-t14form

0tl0n

N0T oploor l0 be

conspirocyls sh0wn

bl 0lhcr 0vlde'11 c0

for tha offonse

by prtvles

6. N0: ol crnu rli?10

C0NVI(,T

!0

0f

c0mP0lled t0 tesf

iiJ

0ns dcrrvcs ttrlo

to pr0p0rtY from 0n0th0r

pr0p0rfu

crrme rirvotvin0

moro/ rurpllude

Al

I O o[ tho lqltlcr wkr(e h0lding tltlc

ln

rel0lr 0n t0

th0

l.

evidenco th0t 0n0 did cr did n0t d0 0 csrt0lyl lhtng ot 0n0 rlfi0 ls n0t odrnisstble t0 PrOvc rhot ho did or drd not d0 ihc s0n1e 0r stfllll0r

rf

courl gronrs
derire s

fio

malton

a(ttul

Icl

is bencf ilt0cl

thrn$ 0l 0n0thor tifl10

couri

l{

1?10u

no recEivcd f0 pt0vo; ipecilic rniort 0r Knowl0d90 u

- | cl witt sf ilt be occr,rsed hrs f csttn40ny tr n0t 0clfllsflblo 0g0lnsr hrnl

tAl t tBl
u-L l r.-h.a".

icrinriry loll ' sYsforn

P

,schcnlc

hobit

rLtle

on Judruol
l"

fnc

c'ustorh or llsogo trho

but isn't ri o 3r;drctol 0dn4t$st0n3 tB thc tcsilnlonU odmrssrbto og0lnsr

9Nll 0 0r !c{t,r110r

a N0

Conlessron
ocKn owl odQ mon

r'i"
-

t,r,r,'ti1.,,-1
Js. -UsJr1liu d"gd."

flodo in courf rfi rh0 f0rfi 0f pl0q 0f gulllU + cflnlnol00se

durlng orrolgrlnent

or g uilt
iesril410ny 0{

Landuru-flsl
t!_s_l.

i.'-"Ls

rltlo,LJhgr

"rfl.qn U-i

t..$_S-d.msirlle

enough

io

sustcirn hts cottvtclion UNLESS

lc] - (0t 0n evrdence 0q0u1sr A I 0

tllier oltos ocl0? ihe 0Ct 0r decl ofAtion of
pf
C

coPrlol offonse
hernous
g

f 0E

crtfic
|I 0l.
p

cqnnot
0

cJudtco A

l90,

If

g y.il1.

t!

!u

9 . L99i,0,[9,!=

9*I,q$I

no lohgef extro luclrclol conf!sslon a ioSllflonY ln Coufl

NO

n0f

00

vcrod

h)

res lriter 0rl0! cflr,.l

lxtro'

.n4,0d0

Ju dict

' odfirssrblo rn gvidenco

is rt sr,rff torcnt ? n0, n0r pr00f b0U0nd r0ct,s0n0ble d0ubl

ol conf essron 0rlt 0f t0urr

is lostrrnonu 0l
NO

l;l

enough ro cnnvict?

'

ilLti-r. u,9.lsllgb qIsl gq

f v " e-v.idgi"Lq-.

w hot is clso required ? lo bc sudstantiollg .cnrroborated bg on0rhor eutaence

"qJ

go-rgr,rs d"ol1J1

bw rt tho
.rn

cose' 0[ 0f arillart4 erJewitntss fherg iestirn0nU I6 enotlgn

Ad r,rrssrorr

bU ,f rlt,nc0

- d0cs 0f s0qs nolk;nq

ptoi-rlr"il]:
sr,rch

lt irl/0 cose o{ P"es. estrodocornmont noi

Pnn ctplo

os notr,iroilU c0tr F0r 0ction 0r

whgn A /0 (mode

nis

whU ? drscho19od sfoto wlln css hos on tnrilcst t0 pf 0tCci: kis ci cquif t0i

oI cldoptlvo 0dnission used f0 JrrstlfY oustlng 0f 0str0cl0 roqctiorl, bg coriducl, rh01 l0 0d0pfod tho st91es6af 6i
0|lofh cf

0lher mgch0rlisrn vrhere

rf Infofillolton is otreody filed
09qrflst
c

Ic] con bo ut sed os o wltness?

Witn css protscti on Pr0g f0nl no tnforfitoiion 0gotr']sI

6opPtY quto ilq

cose ts pendrnQ bcEore tho 0lirC0 proseCUtor ex. rnvostigotiott

tcl

-Jurst a i

0[ th0

ln rho exocPl 10n l0 r0sirter alios ocfo

if

doLrolc crosses prosecutiotl

w)aI ths cxisrttrco be proved bU d0ctrn4er1t0r!J e,vl d ? fidU li b0 ony rndepondcnr pr00f ? -'J0s uNLLss

'bfooch of 0grccfient , pr0secul0r'c0h 0mend c0n4pl0if1i i0 lrlclud0

.

rnust bo 0 P0rllcul0f [0rm - solo of IOnd bY o0onl

rn
r,rs

ths

civ C0d0 6oys

lhot ln0r0

t p s rn

wr t'l tn3

c os occused qllow In evidence the vert;red stotefienf of C qs hovlng porricrpdted in tho conlrn16slon of tho crirne (extro;utdiciol
c0nf os6io14)
?

RULE 119 [Srcu.lS) PISCIlARGE OT SlATE WIlNESS - prosecttlor wilt Jrlo c, ruorion

ox.

pro6ocuflon of A, B, {0r r00bcrq

lf
tn

to orschorgo I cl
sWod\st0tct140flI Of thc
occtrscd

C'lookor,tf

0botrt to file l otmotion:

c
w ht4?

.prosscrlor exclude6

he

orrrg o4 tne uArian

. Ic]

on rhe wilnoss stond - 0dn4rl f0 n0v il49 c0filt?1tlt0d th0

cr\m
a

4 pr0secul0l con who ornoi4$ A'

ch06e

6hould be

trnpleoded

{s qn ofrongerntAl bel lne - thofe 0l C _ proru.rtron ! C th0t ns will

nor be occusecl

if C does not testrfy ; 0r testrfltes In fOv0r 0f A I B

wh0t

d0os the pr0seot{tor d0'!

n4otior4 N rhot kr rs not o wltnes$ f0 CISK C0!trt Pcrrxlt|ton ffi amcnd infortnation

l?10k0

him

c,o" occused

con tho prosecrlor use rhe verrlted 6t,otemen.l of c . thot h0 comn itted lho qtme os evidence oqarnst
him?

MAY

or

rObro

to consiituli0n}l reqv(em?nls

MAY N0T bo 0drvrsstblo og0rnsf

coun,relled, odruissible ,

if

if

not

0s6'rsted bU coLrnsel -rnodnr iesrbrc

Co

nf

ess i

on

Adm tBst on

Occlorotion tgornst
I

ill erest

wnilo ln tho outstodg 0f , the' p0llc0 rnaKes on er1 co!1f esslo14 uovlnserled ' Odn4rts to eornmi tt|ng the cnme, p0lnts t0
oo

.p6rti 6ipst6rs

0s

is tho

exg conf essroil 0dmtsslbls

Ycs

0g0lnsf

A?

is rt 0dmtcElbl0 0qolnst R { o ? no, f es rnter 0lt0s 0cto how to r4oko it odmissiblo :

0dopf cd.c0nf ession ? conf06si011- 0-f.9I!ocous-oq ls odopted bg rnte'rlo,cking cot't;ossiotl ttlQ otncr qcctlsod tr sepgrotq con rossions , ol m ost

ir ort- A,B . c

grvg ,nltlft'J3f.'ruu*ion,

'
0

Purpose of Interlocking confessi0n 00nf06sron 0f A .odrntssrbl0 0gdtnst A, olso B i

(odrhtssrblo

0golnst

ond ogqtnst otl oth0rs

Adopted corfessiors

'

"/yr

eydladd anluoe ,/ag/

T

rt

aSwss[6

y tat of"*2

HEARSAV tr.UI
p

wlil,ress cor tcstifr) otilU t0 rhose, foCts wlo hs hn0W6 0i his personOl Kr{0wledgC uhor wic ore deilv0d ff0?r his 0wr

cr coptr

ercspt:

- cdd rhe chrld wrtl4css rr,rlc

(sec

!8)

'

ckild obuse coies

n01

the chftd who witt testifU < otfierwrse it wrli bo tho c,httdt dtroct t0stim0ny

Indopendont
LVaf

ty ReleV an+

Sfafeyvent

tne sidtel,nent hae been rvrada w0t4 ffu9

Aug

ust 1,

Q-012-

t(dwr, "n J*"!,

Jocv,i,1utt,

tlg-qi*t1lg" E'

-q.q.ru!il.q-q.l-sw

Generat

rulo { excspti0ns io hoorsoy

I

busrncss rccords

glecfronic rn chorocfor
0f lh!-elEqlrun-A_-LLL0ldJ

who tc,stifies? hc rs rhe cu$Jqdi0[

h

HEAR SAY

A witness Con l0stify

0NLrj to th0sg

f0cts which he Knows o{ hts pcrsonal knowledqa i ihot ts, whlCh oro
dcrivcd Jrorn hrs own pircoPtto14
t xcE pI loN
s

lrqrrd " ANTE LIIEM M0TAMt' . boforc th0 controv0t"sg

t2. undsl chrld wttno6s rul0:
se

! dg 6 r$1j-qv,L.pi-r_q!.c.s!*hrcu$ffd0t o gl-w"qql.s

'

dging doclorofion
odigroD

2. d0c{orotfor1 ogotnsi rnt0resf 3. 0Ct or dcClorotion oDotit

p

c 28, child obusc octs

pflcr to rho disp ul c ( thtre orc soro excpnrions \Af h;ch ren,rir xcepllor.ls wh ich re,q Llire th is

0n

Os

CssentiO/ elatyenl

t3. rulo ol1 glooftonic evide,nca

{. fomrly rcpufoiion or rrodition

obout pedigree
C,

rute 8. bustngss rocords dt oxcsPlion to heots0!l ru to

wng rs hcoroog evidcnoo gencrqill

il10dfltssi pte?

rl

rs

comff'on rsPut0lt0n port of rho rcs g0st0c

! tl moJ b0 rsipygl.il wn 0 r j u sf tFtcs tfs eX Clus

exc0plions rcmain

ihot6 wh y news popcr 'rlcns qrc rno dfirssrblo -considcrcd

cls gosstp
r.,
I

Plotn g0ssip

0t4 is :

repefrtrpn of go{sip
d0uh

7.

entrles t/l lhg courso 0f busl','1css I. entnes In olJiciOl r0cords 9. con4merclol llsfs 1 tl'l0 liko lo, teorncd tre,qtlses II, lestrn 0nlc e1" flopoStIl0/'l ot 0 forn4cr procooding

l0 k c0rs0j

ft

bo floor,roS

( srrtl gossip
bLrt rireg 0re 0drilrlsrb10 bcc0qsg
i

r. lw-.q-s-.-(*l
2.

lr!ql]yg-qlhr!gq{

He

orsoU

&l

'

! tLO

aE[ryfrg-Jars:ra"r_"[oll*p

ts. cd,?i|sslolq
I t ost tn4 onu )

Jndlt

Eru-a-nsl-h_n-owledgro

rh

a il/.Ils
0n BxCoptlon

dU{ng

doclorqtion

'0 trustworthy
pors0n

gossip

whY ls rhe'.child witness rule

to

declorqlton or do0d
he

oreog?

ts trust worthY
','!hcn d pcrsOn wh0ls obor,rt t0 dio v ke
BLIT I

testrmony musi bo hoorsoy

und0r tn0 excg0lr0n, wh0 N fhe wtlflsss? Ir rt thc ohld? no if rt rs 0 chltd'Vl0tln4 who rcstrfres, il
hcdrs0J onvm$o

wllt rctt the

E(urh

'n
rs

Dsy chologU

not

con qcnit0l tior P rqdtrcol lior

rom DrLh I'a dsotll, hts

dutll to

ii o

- ihs wttnc6,s nLrst NoT bc rne victim A{ ffie c,hitd

(witncs)abuse.
'44u

Insl0r1ca whers ddVersg poffU ls fi01 qive[ 0pfortUflllu rnqdmrsstble' H eqrsqU evidence

t0 (,r0sseY0fllne -tesiiwlon)I

own porcoptiott q oid not hovo Personol hnowlgdg9 g0t knowledg o {(om th( dealarant

sl llovo

kn 0W tod$

o but rot

0F hls

0fter e,nd 0f direct exomrnorion, Court tells bhe 0bhor pqflV

to
if

cross exomino

lr,rdqe tells 0dverss counsel n0t i0 oross er0mtrrg tho same,doy ey. orher octsgs, no ilno

0f

or,i

thc ngxt scheduled heorrrlg ,

reodr,l

odv

e,re

, burt wirness js

s portX is

obsevlt

E-c0mrnercg low

[lectrorric ovidsncg

ii rt rvcrs rhs fo.Ltri of 0dvgrss p0rrU a should nat, bo

oil0wcd to toKo odvqnl0gO Dying Ae,claratiort - dppll] f0 oll cos0st vtCtim wos r0p0d j s0id n I wos ropod by J uqn dolq Cru z', - not dlllng d oc ' bur rr40u b0 p0tl 0i r0S goffog

( \ #
ln
pe,digroe

rike

obout th0 or,tst0dion

Pedrgroe

0f

electr0nio recofds

. doto of b trtn

( cert or birth ii
is heorsoy. locrti c,ivrl rcglsfr0r Wh0 prcpOrcs

Inc bfftk ccrttficolo tltc oivrl rcglstr0r Kri0W$ 0I tho

b0c0Lts0 ft0

dOtc

ol birth

if

cledsronr

d0G$

'
il

h0tp11ol,

dcrrvcd thrtt kn0Wlrdq0 fr0ril dollor, porcnre, rnldwlfc

" lwo6 sl,lol bij Juon dglcr crrtzo doclor ls Wrtnoss; tf ts hcofsoJ

n0t dr'o

eoid to doorof

folls under
gn j

fes gostoe

6 sp0nlonsOus Slotemefii

could b0 g9g_U19*!-9j-|!glL" tnls!30l1!r*dsr]Jq-c/_lr0gl

ffOrrling 0ccurrsncs (+hc sh00riflg)

ljlglUq-li

cr:

r_vsd Flqlr,o.u

irrf orn4-qnt

Peopte vs. l.lolqodo

')

e0cil

'

h0d f hetr oWn

0pln ton

t'0pl0rn 0reVfrur Irench fiiltl0fl offic0r convrctod for trooson

of

FAMILY RTPU1ATION Of DEc'LARArl0N oR lRA0llloN 0f porson dccooscd rcpulotior or of unoblo lo troditlota exrsttnq In tcstlfu

Afi

0etclarotIan Againet InterssI modsbrl person decoosed or rqornsi rnlgrcst o{ declororrt FSSfonor.r. mon would nol hovo m0de it unless ho Uetievsd it
'ro be

undb io to tosrifY

tor hi6 daoth- hetts eought

h'is

ocquitlol

pcOlgrcc of qnothcr rclotcd rohimby brrth 6r flslpiqge

occLtrc0 before

lorn i ty

provlou( to iho controler6l

rerpoct to pcdiqrtc of onc of lts mcmbcr6

trug

is rhol p0s6iblc Undor our presenl 6U61eril? orre66t scrving senrence

post.c0nvl0rio6 ocquittot undor 0NA evid ncw 0os0 wrlt b0 f tto1 - pe tition fot hobeos
96pp115

thc rontrovcrsu
othcl
rs 6n0wn bu

RES GESlAE

rel

gvid

wltncss- rnc$bel of lonrlu b) cons0nqutnttS of

i.

StOlerF enlS mOCO whrlc 0 st0r1{il'lq oGcurorce ls iqhlnq ploce. 0Y rrnmsdiotelY

sp0ntorle0[ls.

offihlrg

prior" to or subs0qUonl
rcsp0ot to tho ilrcumsronces

0eoplo

vs.

Clour

-r prrnctpro 0f lndopsnllU rotevont 6roiomonls

(OMMON REPLITATION
r.

f0cts of plrbtic or qonerol itltcrosi

rnoro
qfi

ho direcl svidenoe th0t rhg fOther klli0d thC 60n ' onl\/ clrc rrmst0ntiol
docror

thon t0J
0cfef

2- rcsPerflng r4olrl0g0 0l mor0l

0r

z. stotenleni6 occomponying qn equl!0cor 0 cl

rnotertol to tile lssl,lc

givrng

-.

hut rn thrs cose, 0dnissibto

prrvrl eqed

ctmr|unic\Iiln

it

togoi signtftoonoo

0p

ptic0bl0 orllg ro o oivil

006 0

wncrc

docs

onte liten.r mottam opptu?

0cl 0r decl0r0ll011 '0b0u1 p0dtqr0c

I or.nilU rspr,tf0tiorr or c0rtmon rop utotrOri

troditi0[

rogordlng pccligroo

sh0p b00K
iS

fulon0

gn111ss

14 rhe c.ou rse 0l bustnoss

?

lt th0 s0ms 0s sf trles ln oif ici0l reC0rd$

stOlenlent

\s. entrU rn blrth oert. SC sqid hrrth cert. is rnors crodible

of

m0bhor

rnothor lositfled os to birrh

issue rs woll tho doughtor shorrlcl bg r0lirod

mwnu has 0 re0son not to rclt tho trurh

tcstrmo nu 01 0 formcr triol wf'trl ls

"

qr rho rrmd
0

lt

hcOrsou

rt*),vq6

ilff.igli{no.w
ecqusg

qrvori, tr !A_lj-Al_!:_CtSUg tt"gt ,t te otfereg

ess.

the ong*wlgtl ![t1l$]!g_-jj-!_a.i Jh s ultf bui tho-940 w.n0 !eqrd ilc rosfrn4g!J ( court stenogropher) or st0nogrophic nolcs 0ro
p r es"enre d

rs decision 0{ rhe 0ourt hco166g2 it oon bo ttrg sr,rbJecl of

lr,rdiciol rrotico

lf
I

dgqtq.lon- of

tg\L QI_the tond

cql6 rg"n

,q0

*follt gqrt of rho

ql _!qw g,c,prjl-ts odrnrssrblc 0s ev tct

gluu.l!$gslrrv0
9A.!Nr*d_AI-90- r-r

gtl1y-U_o;[.iciol roco rd p or ilon

ug

ASSIcN

Chqrocr

er vid t
e

burden

of proof i

prcsumptions

Arylunbn l, LntT
oplNl0N
L

fi(idznceanlJtuat

J*My^'
0F

Crirninol

C0Se

how oonvflancsd
rlg 0t

tVtortrtoE ' g0nerollu tnodmtsstble, elcspt t 0prnr0n

l Doubcr

togc
E

stondord

stondord

; lilil:'U'ffil"."
'nofll'$'t'ns

r. {rlrng .c0ri1pl0tfi.for purp0scs 0f pr0liminotJ

lnv
os
I

on

quontun4

ffiI:JJ,:HU
c r-rARAcT

R E vtDENcE sencrorrl,nlii,tlll:ljllll,"",".
iends ro cstobri:h probobilitU/
Ctv

rlottt'
g

,. /-t o''r '

ol

euidence?

'Fouldgd.betief thot o crirro hos bo0n ,^^mitts.d rhe rosponder4t is probobty {

Wett

gulltu

Charcctcr of the wltnoss

Ontg v*En

'rnprobobtlltU oF oFfc/n6

pertlncnt

,..;Hffffl"*uno { ff
t
t o t'o1.1t

wncn tmPCochgcl

"rtJo?#.U

id

ov fts

cqse: recoverq 0f q loon is the cho"roolor fslevont?

gonerollU Shoul.d W0 0llow ghprdcter evidencg

?.. rnformqfion is f,rled tn oourt dglsrrntne w0n t0 issr.,le o + p-r.o-bo.hJn-.0ollds

w0rrq11t 0f 0lr0$t

0qqtnsf wltnos6?
unt css onoroqir"t i6- i np eochEl
g

c.

Arroiqnrheni

tiu. or gilit+ is pruof.h-qlld

lgtlso[ntllnj.0u.0
r

v J u0n
eviden

in q coe o of homicide, is chorqclel ce qdm is sihre ? "morol tr0it ol th0 olfan0s chorged"
4 chorqot0r of occused is relevont
?
?

r0 clcqutt

J
ui t t

do

holh hovo ro provs

bcgorrU rcosoriobtcdoubt

to prove

Chor0olor of victim

is

lrospcilti ong cLuonqufn*is proof hJ'dolld

qcerNgd dops
quonT.uh4 rqb utl-al

felcvOnt

reosonohle dnubt

nol

hove l0"Provp thot J

OlllU

,*

!.rclqgUlf_q!._Ees_gfts ohoroctor evid iS if 01

ollowtd? nql-Un&is.jf

' -

LUst hnve

to i..rif,to :[eoson.oblg doubt

e;1Ouqh

thc 6t0rt 0f thg tri0l,

proseculion

Preponderonce

conn01 proeenl cnol0ct0r euld,nce

.wxl4 provent prosoculion trorn

'is

t0

of

evidenoo

crgqle

proyiiq riqxi 0uloy tn good

roosonobls doubi

ttroitttc 0ccus0d is

or bod morol

choroc{er?
fot!!

how does burdenof pfooF differ

lrowr

bl'rrdevr

0f

evidenco

Pr,surrptinn ^lrting

u].Bffl.o-o!

how doos defenes PrOVe th0t the, 0ccttsocl i6 0f g00d morol chorooter?
evidence

civil cose the rule d0ss not sou who hqs the

burden

of

of

proof

rcod rhe pte0dings stondord

roputolion

chorocter
\^rhot o+gl"son r coll r,{ t 6

J lrqe- Schwortz
f

t" ' 0oubsrl' Kumho Stondord

ex. poflsh ' OsK prigsf qucstions if he 6ow tho occtJsod

goos

io oonfessi0n' m0cs, tcceives

con 0SK pqrticulof conduct

comrnunion

or purposes or odmissibllilq m ottr cqslem do wo qccepi expef r eVid / scianlf rc evid

bosed on our rulcs?

0dfiissiblg

principre of negotive good reputg

lhe cxioms 0f
stondorde

if tney comptu wifh

odt11

l6slblllru
tnoeo

hovo we sxprcssl!, reoogniced qgldnnco

bURDE

ot_good_Inorq t
burderr

I no

OT

PROOF

o{

Proof

burden
shtflt s

of

evic,enoe

dosr not shift

* prove bU tho omount

clvll
crtmtn ol quosi 'ju diciol prcponderonce/ ol evldencg proot nolond rcosonoblo douht

obrig0iron r0 06tqblish uorrn or dcfsnso

detormrnod

dut$ of portu bgo ;orword w/

evidori co

bt

6ubstonli0l eviden

ce

Plcodin gs

cleor

senyinsrilg evidercs

dcvoloPmcnts of tfio trlol, 6ubBcontive, or groccdurol low

PnfsurrtpttON S / as.sun?.ftan 0f fqct *

conclr/st0n

how fo clossifu ,, Juris srdeJure r. presumpfi on Juns (of low) a.turi. trantuwr 2. prosumpfion hornlnts (of foct)
0or.r

cltrsivo

presLrmpti 0ns

I
Vc

esr0ppel in pois !sr0ppol bg clccd

V

lles vs.

il lq

presurnption thqt 0 porsorl t0kes ord In0ry c0f0 0f llis

c0nccrn

Borlin vs. Romirer

Lond tord - renon
B

P r29

con teflori tnrcrtose,

d?,fense Ihat he owrls tho pr0 portU t' he cln rotse lhe tsstts of owrership

PRcs urilptiorls

electRonrb evid

ocl uoll,

(pJcotto vs dovicl

unt)l sao t,5 n ext

c\CLtlar N L003

rn0st trnpt wtfnoss rUIg onc dou exomtruttor of

wttnoss rUl0

ctrcLtla, on

l<ahKacort

proceduro m pre;antotiOn

6i gvid

frgo vs.

US

wherl scienlific princrpts or discovery cr0ss0s ths line bstwcOn sXpsnflentol cnd dsrnonstrcrtivc ktogos is dil;ioutf ro dcfinc.

rhrng From wl1loh doduction is ryrodo must ho

ir
St010

sufflcts{tly !stobrishgd to h0vo g0ined o gcnerol 0 cge,pr0n c0 t[ th 0 Pa r'liculqr iisld tn wh rch

botongs

vs.

Sohwortz

DNA tgprng hos generol ooceptonca

e 0dmlsstbllllY 0f spectfl0 t0st resutls hingfJ 0n fh0 loborotorqG c0mPli0nca wiil opptoprioto
stondords 0nd controls ond 0v0il0brlrtY 0f t0strng dot0 ond r0sults

0oubort vs. Morroll 0 ow tedorol rulcs 0f evidence supersedod frgo

Judgo mu$ ensLrr0 thal rhe rcstlrronu.i reosontng ot is scientifrcolly \I0lid ond rolsvonl r0 the i6su0.
Admtss

msthod

rbrtlrll woutd depcnd

l.
2'

whcther the, rheorU or tcchr4iguo con be or hos boen

irste

whelher rhe theoru or iechniqcre hoe bccr,t subieded to pcer review 0nd public0rion
oF errOr

3, Knovtn or p0tentiol roto

tne Iecn^tgt/.03

4. exretence of morntenoncg 0f stond0rds controlling

operotiOn

s. wherher thejr\ or .
occep

tcchnrgu

ted in scienjif ic cornmLnrg

0 is

gonerorry

Kumh

o Iircs [s vs
witl t.

oorrniohdel Knowledgo

or 0thcr speciolized l1 scieraiific, \echnical

ossist
v\ ttness

mag test if g

if
on suJ;tcrenf gocls or doto

iestrrxonU

is based

2. t0stlm0nU ls 0 pf 0duct
on

0f

reliobl0 pr,n,rpre*

n'retho ds

J' witnoss hos

rnethods

opptrecl trro prin ctp

lcs

ond

to the focts 0f

thg cos0

-G.R. No.

1qg2.z0 _

SEpTEMBER

8,

Zot2

tvi?onca

'triaL

Tcchnigyes
P

DtSPLtrABrE pRrsuMpTtoNs 6 sotisfqctory if unControdioiCd

resurnption of good foith. bosis I

q.

person

is rnnocenf G oppties ln civit

cose
o cc_n c

presurnsj to bo virgins: nol loscivious

bc

wnon is rh0 pcrforfton6e of duryGolprcsuficd r0

rcqulor?
e?
U

do-_"ry.r_*

!19-yg--jgjslgs t-V.9*glD^qs]]fgl9n*9tf j !n Jgvlnrtl jusr,

os

'

crrcLtlor
hob c0

"cj.lq.g

0n ompor0 s dol'o
E

under 15

ovsr 15, undsr l8

0cte,d with or withouf discernmenf

- @nclusive ^ disPutobla

0neqdoy Witn0ss

Mosl

r0!utoriiq 0i perforrnonce ot duty -J

docs

l. dsterminc most tm$t Witnoss lrnlrt tyl0 r10 0i Wttn0$S0$

lutl1 excrnint wrtnc6s in l qog Irn po rf 0nl wilncss ru lo

xqminotion

Rur

l9

I A.M. 03' I ' 0g

triol

sc

lt

oppl) 1o pfl vol0 ffcr s0crions

g
r"r

evid no1 rnorrsd ttt ptt triol

?

flo1 be ollowcd durrng

(od qissintot

iS

t|r g

lg-Wl3

how
I0g?

q -g-C,gpJ-ol-1*-p.Los9"nq!1yJ.e

s0

Iss thot courtb dccision is corrcet

cOrrecf

do lou q0 0r0und fils qoner0l rule ihot 1ou cbn prcsent evid not rn0rked. fi0kc rcserv0tlo14 fs1 ih0 court 0d mrt e\rd w{c or0

rn0t tne 0ct is

unmork e d

dispuloble rciqudico wircn ihcre is s eonclrrsive presumption, it 0PPlies t0 ever!Jon0 ^ n0b0dy cqf 00ntr0vert the dcCi6i0r
Ruls 39, sBc 41,l
4?)

Firlolity G oor,rrd it hc concrusivg? gcs docs nor 0l\^ro,ls rdriroin

'il

otludgrynt,

rnost irnp0rtonl \N ltncss rUlc

c0rf0b0r0tiv0

vs cumul0tivc

tcstirr0nY

onc doy exoft[lotion rulo exomlno ln ld os lqr

(.

os Pfocticoblo complotc exominoiionJ

Soc ' +'l' (o.1 - in persofiofi ( rc.s ',,,.r,.

conclusivc up0n stotus, et6,

111 L Cb.)

.1

conctursivc upon portics ond succcss ors in inrerest

orc th0r0 c0ses whBre thsse rulcs opplu? ore rhcy e'nhodicd in civ pro or dim pro for purposrs of evid ? nane

use{0ss cjrculor?
empf osr:ed

upon lhe mott0r

RULE 132

in kolikoson c0scs

ct

p_|:ina-i.p-lc.

0f

0ot1cfursivels,E5 0f Judgmcni

qenffol ruto -

testimoniQl evid in 0psn couf f

Prcsumotiott of innoocn cg

coh tt bo dcfleoted,
doinq ot

does lt olwoLls prevoi l? pcrson {0und in possessiol oi-o thrnq .iqken in tho

con wc d0 ilwoy with it

witncsses.
v0s

^ qUcsf ion { crnswcr .lust ofli clovits ol

q rccent wronqful dct'rs the rhe ilocr of thc wnotc crtt

toKcr 0nd

*untoss:

wrtness is rncopocitoled

dift

mode

of onswcr
ne,0ess0ru t0 g0

ccs e' w619,6 pr os'unrptiot't prcvoils ',o,ntfftTffit,

in o crirnrnol |,or"le srted

?

sun?mory proccdur0

I rhiet q.

uihru*(0.*wo-ap$ry. Jlnl+tr"eilm+rl-0n th0l*h.s.].$.li-0

crlfl co6e : snould q0 t0 courl

Gconstrtulio(ol rtqtri
witttoseC,s

civ cosC

not

l0 c0uff ;oy crossl rccross

exornine

prelin4l n ory irr vestigotiorr 10 cstcJblislr pr0h0lc10 cdll60

lct cotlfronl o"nd rose

of 0n 0ccusod

\^rhcn cosc

is irlcd tn courl
tnnoconi

^ c0urt will prcsuno hirn lo bo

lnDn d00s tfiO c0ur1 prOsume

6moll cloifis Cosos 6 no distin cllon bet

KoliKoson
s wciqht

crv

him t0 bc ths rhiof

6m0ll clolmS do n0i tnvolvo Clmtnol

crir"n
COSCs

^ prosccution prosonts evid ih0l thero is resily 0r1 0ct

0f

stcoling

of

evidonoo

lghts of

witn css
qnd

(1) b0 proreclcd ff0n lrrelsv0nt, trilpr0psr, rnsulting questions from h0rsh of insuttrng dams\nor
(2.)

nol i0

bo clciqined tongcr tnon rcqurirod

I rignt ogotnst 6etf .inQrimin0tion - d0cs not cnrror civil Wrongs (s) rrght ogornsr 6sir .clogro doiron i;tl,,i,i,i$l ;;':r,U
(4

krncts 0r rrnmr,rnrtg iiJfit' h0ve ot prcsenf protecuiion 'Xi?r?i,i,T,i bc rndldcd but hrs.slotements connot I lus 1f0.0!.njjtl ^ con Dp useq ogctnsr nlr4

wo

!-l-q.[grq.li0lsl-J.[:lrr0.utrrlu
G

*,tn.n.

prorccttoi progrom RoC-dischorgo

congrcss

l, wi1o gru.u prof! ction?

D0J I por purposos of stote I oi tow wrtness )

cor
Qivo

o.
Soptembor
ordcr

"sp
Wnclt is cr teOcling qucst10l4 ? suggcsts to tho wtlnoss th
e,

zL. t-otL
t

g[r.T qnsw cr

of

tKofirnotron or wirncss

l[ff::j
?

Qgn"rrus..do owsu.-ud1"tr*dicaIl'ofamnsilo4

in ordtnorg c0sgs: Urs

0gr0cmont :to submit o judiciol 0ffrdovil - tn o quostion oncl onswil f orm onswor will bo suggostcd bg caunscl

goncrollr,J not ottowcd crcep t :

in d/rccl cxam/n a/lor''|

.rnuto

'r.lnwllli ng 0r hosfils witne . odvilss pqrtU

I prPltrnlhdrU motf orS ' iqnoranf, chitd, ?e ebla.nqrnded, deaf

ss

-NIXT

rdgAR: witt oompol

CarL

in

summorg procTduro:
summOrU PtoCdd\Na

dg

owarJ

\^i

ith diroot

ffiqKc 0fFrr 0[ tesrimong 1irst. I op;er 0f orql evidencsl \i0u ors 0rrenng fh0 iesf lm0nq 0r the, witne ss t0 prove fhs Ff lort,s
Corl crQrf 0shlrig qrtCSfiotlJ

!.tg[s**9-Lg!11[g!o! :

crifi : rhero
WCllV0
:

clv .

r40t10

ccn storr
rs

'oU osking

f'flott crs

a lcod i'ng quo6tion 0n prctiminorg

otdtnaY4 cosoi con

'0rc
"do

U0u ih9 plqinl

tlf

in tnu

c,1]6e?1,

cover0go of cross sYOrlinotron

"

1ou Know tho doferdonl ?"

ond to elioit 0ll importonl foCts beoring Up0n rh0

fnird quosli0n wiil not b0 lsOdtng 0nUrn0r0.

"

..

issu

e."

mokos

fno

Engtish rurc crpplicobt0

ltthu do You know tho dofenclont?"

con the iudQo stlstoin tho objection tho! Jhq_c-leEs rs nor roucn0o_!!pg.1l-l-!_ t'I9_ul_gslj

ln

cr0ss exontn0tiOn

-*ft0ffi

*hU

lcoding quostions crc ollowod

nOf ln

ollowed rn cross Dt/t

dlrcct

o is o h ostil s
rh

wr t n cs s ?

rrl|,rffrlr,,ili,rs

dectorod bU Courl upon odsquolo unJysrrftcd rclu-croncq i, -lt-p'i{"uJo,c.tttn$

hrrx

SUpposc opponcnt clocs n0t object ro l0odinq qu0srions bcc his thcorU ls thot tho onswar of iho wifnbss rs n0t crcdlbro boo tncg oro oll suggestod bU tn0 cor.4n6ols quosfl on l

whu lrro prssumpri-qn.rirsL"

r.r qt.BtilU$..L1L1.13
9_

^ no WoJudioo

wl I n p 9.s. -! 9-."t"!:
t

s u,0

tg"u.d pp"n
-e

ls- Lq'ti1
9.q

""p-g.llJ

nl.

r n.ql i

p"

9-q.q

-bi

.,0.!*1-

si ll g)

w_ns-t- .benc_f i!._.!-f h_q.-gqJ_! _cjj.-..1-0*".ql-lq,sdj"rg,.q.Lrc-{tl0!1i.,..qn_d

bosis

lowycr will inlerview wil n0ss prcviousl{ - proclioo tcsttfio[U

De

sustor n od

"ahggt9..l

j jtg

witnoss hcls bccn co0ched bU tho lowUor oomo hostito

?

s.-q!ryjr_q|l -rge.q$ prOp0nenr b0c0mcs rolilcd. n40u n0r Kr10w

orrum0r0, tre

witl loso his c0ntp0sur0

wh0t t0

0sK

how cloos ho

stOles ihin96 lovoroblo to tho other sido.

wh0r is q ft is r0qd inq qu osrio,? .ri*iliiuo."ollr"^#rii"lJ?;#i,

b

how do xou irnpeoch " tontrq d i clorU cvlds[

. rhOt ho
w
i

,lPtfitJftu:
!g
r19

not oltowcd in cnr,i ccso

o F proe

previor'rs14

slottd

\/

fi

hos ot A$gr-!-![as. SSI-CgH,fiS-I1-99I-q!$!Cr

n!s*Pl96:11 r*199:r!'n
o

rll to 0n rcvt vql

enl mCn|r!

- ts[nolj$geg9!_hiru. _qhorqllge
controdiclorr{ evrdef cA b c'lt on.ther wrfntss

wi tnoss hos l06f his mewtorgiportiot or c0mplo[0) tutilou b0 0li0w0d to r,rso o n1ofiOr0ndum
wh

tlc ho

ls

on iho Wttricss $t0n

- risu. Wltnoss

0nswcrs quosf ions Wl0t/t otd

prlor-tnconsislerl 6totgi't,rents (-oirnrarf hom0d0 lrromi.ll.wlo u storr bg bc'lq f ilendltlwith wii,ncss crpl0in
(st,tt'in dr/cit

.r,J,,r?rr,Tf,i,lr'

evrdencg rsmoins tosrim onial svrdqtce

adedbr4 Aocumenrarr4eutde'noT

sxorrrinottottl

4 hdppelrs ^^.wheu
t^

ihoro is lopse tn tlto m?,m)r!

que sti

reduco into wrrting the pr0vrOus

t0slinonU

when e hould

on objecfion to o

on bo mado?
o
7

rmmodiotclg

loying tho predicolo

whon

ls cin of f

or af eu\denoo is fnad

if

wrirt ch stot cmont (docu rn ent) wtc colltoins inconsisreni st0tsmgnr quthsnti cott, -qsK hirn it hc signcd tne doc - rcod porriot4 wtc
InCon6rE t

tCsrim0rr0l
d0c,Um0nt0rU

wfren cfillCd io iesilfU

is

ont

W iretmonrol evidq^co mofhinq 0f documeriloru 4 ob,locf gvrdenco ts done durtng prc irrot (ruie 16) "
briCf , Pro lriol.rLot q Cutncni ton du{rrn$ tuiol

r oglcr prcsenfal'rt

-give nrm 0PPort\rnltg to exPloln

X
how Wtll theg provide Info orl tcetim0niol wlin css0s during pre .trtol wncn d0 wo cpplV clcor J convtncing evidencg l

I rule ts)

6 wny

orootecl onrg

in

,lurrsp

wdcnla?
reqs0n0bl0 dor,lbl
)

supP06e ne pJeseffs wilncss nol idenlirtedJt-$ridencs noi m0rK ed dririns preJrid roult cqf_rof l,--g)[llls{.0l.Jffim3l$

gullt of occusod.;proof begond

pr0of oi occused t o goin on ocquittOl

Can 1f(e( be dane in wrrring? gos

-''

it'.,lil?,'liol'#'J

i',

oo, o,

cqn 0bJect t0 0dnls,st0n 0f 0videil0e1

civil cqsc:
ptoi ,,0rce-r,i ptoor,

if evidcnce is

not

odnriticd

br4

rhe court, rtflcdill

ntiff j prcponderon
:

oe

1ondcr 0f exctuded nu,drnr,

q will .ollow Pfoponctrl,

o.!:!ryer r0 0 tuosri0t1 0biecred t0

-"jrjl^ttl:"itlltl;j Irruuolurr u[ r'rv

ut

dcf endoni

prcponderonCg

rosrittr

: squlp0ndsroncs 0f
evidenoe equol

(evidcnco oro oboul evon/

qucsttOtt

obj

e$iotl

6ustoivlg0

no onswef

'

e11sr o1

prooll

who \^/ill win? portg who witl loso is tho pong with
tn0 burdcn of proof

"fioy I mokg on offer of proofl'

thCr,t sfOto tho 6ubstOnco 0f th0 pfoP0sod tcstt|tl0nu

KaliKoSon
quostion

l0wu0r wlll

glv0 qn onswor

,'hod

l0 his own

Arnporo Haboos Datq

r"ng

Wttn0ss been allowod t0 qnsw0r, h0

tnroutd hovo tcsfiftod

thot

"

witr tho tourf

c.on'sidsr

thi(

eNctudetl Bvidenooin deciding?

n0. othffwiss O *"t gsatrodict itself . so whqrS tno usc? rhc boncf it wilt como - on oppeol con osk tnc hignor clurl to considc.r tho exctuded
evidence

os

an cfror.
+
n01nccossorq

rUlo

0n

conttnr./ing 0b1!cri66? repctition 0f objg0fi0n

10 rnisleodirrg

"this se.rves os o crf,nfinr lng obje,tion to o .quesIion of d slmllor doss

court

q,ostlor4s

sqmo closs ot qus$tions

oDjoct0d 10'

continuing rutings

kinds

of

Objsctt0n.l

r. spocilio

rcadrrtg, mislsoding, besr e\,\dence, porole eviclcnce, otc.

1.

00n0r0l

Oilo.tr^

,l"rot/"4^-" 1rr',h ela' . ol ltl Ojhl l'ntnol uio!,-- nn ^ud 6 &lrl ul

'trt

o1

*ruqhtr,g: t4. wntqut'rwtr. 4

nt** 't

RLrl0

0n c0mpletencss of evidcncs (soctiorl 1.1, ru\0

mou 0ls0 bc glvcn

132)

Lohen Part ts glv.en In cvid, tho wholc moU bg trqulrod lnto bU fho othcr whcn 0Cl, e,rc. is gtvcn in evid, ofhcf 0cf, stc. rlsccssorg roits Un4crst0ndi(g

Preponderonci

of

Evibence :

in

e,ryid

sqp61i61 evidencO

"moro tikolu to hoppon thon nob, proof ucgond rcosonoblo doubt

2.

c,toar

and

corrvin cing

propondcrqnco oF evidenco

substontiol evidcnco

Septembor 29, 2or2

Dcmcongp
.

Evidcnco cfedlbl! sotlrce' ol

svidencg

credrblc rn ltscrf

Proof beyond fcosonoblc doubi

prcponderctnco of eviderco

tostirnoni

credibility 0f witncss' i0st im0ny

substQnliol e!idgnoo
is

how doos tho courf

dcl

erfiino ir th c rcstirnony

credible?

ctccir ond convrnctng evideilCo

mclyor of rnuntinlupo rs q fi0dllllo witness

wncn do wo opptU?
Con cr quosi-judislqq bodr,J promulg0te ffelr Own rutcs --rpro\irdo for 0 hlgncrquonlu/vl a{ p.uidenoe?

r{ampte 0f crodlbl0 witncss whose tesrimony is incrediblo;

eyOmplc

0i credrbl0 lestimony bul witnc6s who is not crffilib\o

poid wiinose or pe(jurod witnoss?

c0uft c0ses wher0 qu0nlunl 0f e!idellca K 6{,rbsl0nti0l

gvide,ncg?

oihcr bosic princrpro governing woight of e,vld0ncc L ||]ust r0l\ 011 tho strenqth 0f nas own evldenc0 noi dn rho weaknoss of th0 0dvorso port\s
Lr 0n rho

Wrlt
gviden00

0F rrmnoro

ranit-stXob"r.osJ1dg

partq wr\0 hOs rho buidon-or pr(]of

wrLl ot_ldi_Kssq! wng

c,an

cflmin0l

coso

wc not upgrod0

qu

0ntum oi evidenco I
Kollho6ori - no

rf

he will bo convicled right owol !vfLol t0 do so ho wilt n0l bo 00nvlct

demurror is derlie,d

/ I I \\
Cd

tn omporo, hobeqs dofo cnd

prosumPlion or roqularity oi dury

in lhe perlornancr'

\.(c.

""undcr tho c0nstitt/fi0n,

rn

h0s ff]c solo ourhority to pr0rnulq0le rul0s 0n pioodinqs, pr0crico ond procodur0

''snt

li,:il;*rssiorr
(
e

(wirn reo'r0 0r c'rrfl)

o(

c,ourts

con m0dif U

rt sc qltov!{
js-a,?!ff

lb

0ll0wod t0 Filg but fttotiori rs denred

6 protent evide'nco

lf

N-h-c{_,Sf-*AAnmlcbongsr Jn-_cdraLnot_c.-ffi

qt,rn"ntram_.

o*_gu-d

zutdJt-"ctyillqlll

-l-T__1"9_\_\'_.ct*ltqqlls(lW-qr

tn rhel cata, qou are cett1tn,

evrd koe reoihed rhe tevo{ of bsUond reolonorte doubt

wf

!!X".-dp_ij_in__g"ilril-Js-Le + 0n1p0r0, hobeos dotq, ko I ikos qn Lqnn.0"t-U1*onmm ol.

c-o.s

clvil cose; demutrrcr to

no nood f0r lc0vo o1 court (porrnissron) if grontod: cqso wtl{ bo disrrissed

on oppeqt, dccmcd to hovs woivtd rrght t0 prosenl opPellote,
eVid0nc0

svidsnce

bec0us0 n0 pcrs0n 6h0ll b0 c0t4vicfcd wr0rrt pr00f b0u0rid ri,0sonObl0 d0uht

il

0f 0mPoro
14os

: c0n rgcelvs evidenoe ccting rn fhe exercl(s oi its originol J!rlsdictiori

courts, sc

origtn0t jqrisdiction whg ? y1o\ r uon InE m c9Ltrr.-94_tsdj!ljpJ dclittrtion cf qmp0r0 - it6 oqlv!:g.IJ
9l_0_

RT

c,

cA ,

s6, sondigon boyon

l c1 it4 o.n S,

"q,_s.u.b-!loi-Il"yg.

lgg

1'fiffi..lll*uilf,'1,,
pr(]lsctl 0r'
0

ffio Lnroraemonr
rt ghts

cA os

crpp!ltotc courf contl 0t rocglvs evide4cg exocpl: 'motrOn for now iliol grontod b1 CA

c0fl

stit|,lti0ilol

Itl nowlu discovcrod eVidonoe wn0t is immcciiolcly not oonsidcrcd ?

c0rr0b0r0tivo evidonoo curnulqti\lo svrdgncs

evid0n09

Fqtsus rn un0, F0lsr,{s i{4 0mnlb\,,{s t,0lse in ttile, I0l(g rn ev0rlJil4if19 ho!e 'Ne, odopttd ihis ccncopl ?
\Ne cOn drsr0g0fd
ci r cu ff e r 0n ii
o

lt'
?'11'tuv?Iiiiffiffi-'qrc
Fmd btn ut ron

exroludiciol
conviil

: l40i sufflcler4r rc nocd ev\d,qoo ol corpr,ts delicri (0orfoboro

c0n i96siol,l

I r vi
rd
gr4

d en c

ilti: + u corr

c0n w0 obtoin convrcl ion bosod 00l0ly on ctrc,UmstOntiotdoubr

e,v

ur0.i

Lon Vrc,tr

dcriv od ure prorc.n n bolond re0\6yl6bic

tlv0)

g.

rg

- rnedicol co|llficotq
d00in wos couscd
DU

homicrdc - deoth cortificnl9

is ti opPlicoblo in civil coee? /ec

vtdence on rnof iotl do Wc nccd 0 hcoring f0r 0 rnotron?

Uos,

\\ih0i tUp0 0f
AIk0l

evidencO witl bo sr,rbnritlOd to support dcclm entorg eUcl e11 ce"

otron oi evidonce!.

motion?

.fl01 l0f1s re,qr,,ir(,

heorlnq slrnll0f t0 hsorl(q 0/ rr^0 14er lfs

prossl11

l0plt0l

0iIet1 "es" flofiot4

0t0s!01,t110fl.

gutll ts

- sn6n [1r{i to pt0sinl tudcnc0 ihqi

g

[0r

bot

1,

doosit meon rhoi quofium lc proof hc'\on d reot0n nbrc doubt | -...^ uhol Is ihe flc0n\nq,0t tfi0nq t\Jlqcnc0i

tht ,acQtccfl fhat "'frob^b,1

ts

lui/h/
'

uoouscd to be o m(]tl0n l0r fllsch0r$o 0f 0rl

t'1':,H::T';usr

oo

in

oourt

fcsttrnOn\ hot0mcs p0r1 cf tne tri0l