Baocao Thực tập tốt nghiệp ILS 2012 - Khue

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP
CNG HNG KHNG QUC T NNG
BNG NH GI KT QU THC TP
H v tn sinh vin thc tp: TR KHU
Lp: 08DT3 - Khoa in t - Vin thng.
Thi gian thc tp: T ngy 12/12/2012 n ngy: 02/02/2013
H v tn cn b hng dn thc tp: NGUYN HNG VINH
n v thc tp: Trung tm Dch v K thut - Cng Hng Khng Quc T Nng.
a ch: Sn bay Quc t Nng, Qun Hi Chu, TP Nng.
Ni dung nh gi
I.
Xut
sc
Xp loi
Tt Kh Trung
bnh
Yu
Tinh thn k lut, thi
I.1 Thc hin ni quy ca c quan

I.2 Chp hnh gi gic lm vic
I.3 Thi giao tip vi cn b trong n v
I.4 thc bo v ca cng

I.5 Tch cc trong cng vic
II.
Kh nng chuyn mn, nghip v
II.1 p ng yu cu cng vic

II.2 Tinh thn hc hi, nng cao trnh chuyn mn,
nghip v
III.
Kt qu cng tc
III.1 Hon thnh cng vic c giao
Nhn xt khc: ..................................................................................................................

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Xc nhn ca c quan
TH TRNG
(K tn, ng du)
Nng, ngy 20 thng 01 nm 2013

CN B HNG DN
(K tn v ghi h tn)
NHN XT CA GING VIN HNG DN

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LI CM N
--
Knh gi: Ban Gim c Cng Hng khng Quc t Nng.
Trung Tm Dch v K thut Cng Hng khng Quc t Nng.
ng knh gi: Trng i hc Bch Khoa Nng
Khoa in t Vin thng.
u tin, em xin gi li cm n chn thnh nht n Cng Hng khng Quc t
Nng cng Trung tm Dch v K thut Hng khng Nng to mi iu kin
cho chng em c thc tp ti c quan trong sut thi gian qua. Ban gim c cho
chng em c hi c thc tp v tip xc vi cc h thng my mc, thit b ti cng
ty. c bit, xin cm n cc anh trong i K thut ca Trung tm Dch v K thut
Hng khng Nng trc tip ch bo, hng dn tn tnh, to iu kin cho chng
em tham quan, tm hiu vi thc t ti cng ty v h tr cho chng em trong vic thc
hin bi bo co ny. Hn th na, trong gn hai thng c thc tp vi mt mi
trng lm vic chuyn nghip, k lut tt v tc phong lm vic nghim chnh
gip chng em rt nhiu trong vic hnh thnh mt tc phong k lut tt cho cng vic
sau ny. Tt c l nhng hnh trang qu bu gip chng em khi b ng khi ra trng
v tip xc vi cng vic mi.
Em cng xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c trong Khoa in t - Vin thng
cng ging vin hng dn thc tp L Hng Nam hng dn tn tnh, ch bo nh
hng cng nh to mi iu kin tt nht cho em trong qu trnh thc tp ti c quan
thc tp.
Nng, ngy 20 thng 01 nm 2013.
Sinh vin thc hin
Tr Khu
BO CO
THC TP TT NGHIP
C QUAN THC TP
Cng Hng Khng Quc T Nng

Trung Tm Dch V K Thut
MC LC
BNG NH GI KT QU THC TP .............................................................. 1
NHN XT CA GING VIN HNG DN ..................................................... 3
LI CM N ............................................................................................................... 4
MC LC ..................................................................................................................... 6
DANH MC T VIT TT ....................................................................................... 9
DANH MC HNH V ............................................................................................. 10
K HOCH HNG DN SINH VIN TRONG THI GIAN THC TP ... 12
M U ..................................................................................................................... 13
Phn 1: GII THIU CHUNG C QUAN THC TP ....................................... 15
1.1
Tng Cng ty Cng Hng Khng Vit Nam ................................................. 15

1.1.1 Gii thiu chung ........................................................................................... 15
1.1.2 Hot ng ca Tng Cng ty ...................................................................... 16
1.2
Cng Hng khng Quc T Nng ............................................................ 17

1.2.1 Gii thiu chung ........................................................................................... 17
1.2.2 C s h tng ................................................................................................ 18
1.3
Trung tm Dch v K thut Hng khng Nng.................................... 20
1.4
Kt lun ........................................................................................................... 23
Phn 2: CC H THNG K THUT S DNG TI C QUAN THC TP

...................................................................................................................................... 24
2.1
Gii thiu.......................................................................................................... 24
2.2
Tng i ni b ................................................................................................ 24
2.2.1 Tng i Hicom 350H .................................................................................. 24
2.2.2 Tng i Hipath 4000 V5 ............................................................................ 27
H thng n tn hiu hng khng ................................................................. 28
2.3
2.3.1 H thng n tip cn, n thm v n gii hn ..................................... 29

2.3.2 H thng n l ng ct h cnh ............................................................ 30
2.3.3 H thng n ng ln .............................................................................. 31
2.3.4 H thng n PAPI, n chp ................................................................... 31
2.4.
Ngun in d phng ..................................................................................... 32
2.5
Gii thiu v h thng thng tin, dn ng Hng khng .......................... 33

2.5.1 Tng quan v dn ng Hng khng ...................................................... 33
2.5.2 i dn ng v hng NDB .................................................................. 34
2.5.2.1 Chc nng, nhim v ca i dn ng NDB ................................. 34
2.5.2.2 Hot ng i dn ng NDB ........................................................... 35
2.5.3 i dn ng v tuyn a hng sng cc ngn VOR .......................... 36
2.5.3.1 Chc nng, nhim v ca i dn ng VOR ................................. 36
2.5.3.2 Cc phng thc hot ng i dn ng VOR .............................. 36
2.5.4 H thng dn ng h cnh chnh xc ILS/DME ................................. 37
2.6
Kt lun ........................................................................................................... 38
Phn 3: H THNG DN NG H CNH CHNH XC ILS/DME .......... 39

3.1
Gii thiu ......................................................................................................... 39
3.2
H thng ILS ................................................................................................... 39

3.2.1 Chc nng, thnh phn ca h thng ILS ............................................... 39
3.2.2 H thng i xc nh hng Localizer..................................................... 40
3.2.2.1 Nguyn l hot ng ........................................................................... 40
3.2.2.2 Lp t v gim st h thng .............................................................. 41
3.2.3 H thng i xc nh hng Glide Path (GP) ......................................... 42
3.2.3.1 Nguyn l hot ng ........................................................................... 42

3.2.3.2 Lp t v gim st h thng .............................................................. 43
3.2.4 Cc phng thc hot ng ca h thng ILS ........................................ 44
3.3
Thit b o khong cch DME ...................................................................... 44

3.3.1 Chc nng, nhim v ca thit b o khong cch ................................... 44
3.3.2 Cc phng thc hot ng ca thit b o khong cch ........................ 45
3.3.3 Phng thc o thi gian ca i DME .................................................... 45
3.3.4 Phng thc o khong cch cu i DME.............................................. 45
3.4
Yu cu v an ton k thut v cc im cn lu ..................................... 45
3.5
X l s c ....................................................................................................... 46
3.6
Kt lun ............................................................................................................ 47
Kt qu t c sau qu trnh thc tp ti c quan............................................. 48

Ti liu tham kho...................................................................................................... 49
DANH MC T VIT TT
ACV
Tng cng ty Cng hng khng Vit Nam.

(Airports Corporation of Vietnam)
DIA
Cng Hng khng Quc t Nng.

(Danang International Airport)
CHC
Ct h cnh.
ICAO
T chc Hng khng dn dng th gii.

(International Civil Aviation Organization)
NDB
H thng dn ng v hng.
(Non Directional Beacon)
VOR
H thng dn ng v tuyn a hng sng cc ngn

(VHF Omnidirectional radio Range)
DME
Thit b o khong cch

(Distance measuring equipment)
ILS
H thng dn ng h cnh chnh xc.

(Instrument Landing System)
LOC
i xc nh hng (Localizer)
GP
i xc nh tm (Glide Path)
DANH MC HNH V
Hnh 1.1 - Cng Hng khng Quc t Nng.
Hnh 1.2 - Mt bng quy hoch Cng Hng khng Quc t Nng n nm 2025.
Hnh 1.3 - Mt vi h thng thuc Trung tm Dch v K thut Hng khng Nng.
Hnh 2.1 - Tng i Hicom 350H.
Hnh 2.2 - T iu khin trung tm d phng nng.
Hnh 2.3 - T ngoi vi.
Hnh 2.4 - Tng i HiPath 4000 V5.
Hnh 2.5 - H thng n tip cn v s tng qut h thng iu khin n tip cn
Hnh 2.6 - H thng n thm v hnh nh mt n thm ni loi ang s dng.
Hnh 2.7 - H thng n gii hn v hnh nh mt n gii hn ni loi ang s dng.
Hnh 2.8 - H thng n ng ct h cnh v cc loi n chm, ni c s dng.
Hnh 2.9 - H thng n ng ln v cc loi n c s dng.
Hnh 2.10 - Mt cnh n PAPI.
Hnh 2.11 - H thng n chp.
Hnh 2.12 - My n d phng.
Hnh 2.13 - i NDB s dng phc v h cnh.
Hnh 2.14 - My bay bay v i NDB.
Hnh 2.15 - i dn ng K1.
Hnh 2.16 - i dn ng K2
Hnh 2.17 - T iu khin trong i dn ng NDB.
Hnh 2.18 - Hnh nh i VOR ti sn bay Nng.
Hnh 2.19 Cc thng s c theo di.
10
Hnh 3.1 - Cu trc h thng ILS.

Hnh 3.2 - Bc x in t t anten i LOC.
Hnh 3.3 - Hnh nh tham quan ti h thng i LOC.
Hnh 3.4 - T iu khin i LOC.
Hnh 3.5 - Bc x in t t anten i GP.
Hnh 3.6 - Hnh nh k s hng dn v nhm thc tp ti h thng i GP.
Hnh 3.7 - Hnh nh my pht ti h thng i GP.
11
K HOCH HNG DN SINH VIN TRONG THI GIAN THC TP

Cn c Cng vn s: 1222/CV-CHKQTN ca Cng Hng khng Quc t
Nng v vic tip nhn sinh vin thc tp tt nghip, k hoch hng dn sinh vin
trong thi gian thc tp, c th nh sau:
1.
Hng dn Phn L thuyt

Thi gian
Ni dung hng dn
Cn b hng dn
a im
Hi trng
HKT
Cng
Hi trng
HKT
Cng
Ngy 1214/12/2012
Nm bt ni quy, quy nh
ca n v
Ngy 1719/12/2012
Gii thiu v tng i, mng

cp thng tin lin lc Cng
HKQT Nng
Nguyn Thi
L Anh Khoa
Phm Xun Hiu
Ngy 2021/12/2012
Gii thiu v h thng n

tn hiu v ngun in d
phng
L Ngc Tuyn
Dng Thi Bnh
Hi trng
HKT
Cng
Ngy 2427/12/2012
Gii thiu v h thng thng

tin, dn ng, kh tng
Hng khng
Nguyn Hng Vinh

Nguyn Vnh Thun
Hi trng
HKT
Cng
Ni dung hng dn
Thc hnh v tng i,
mng cp thng tin lin lc
Cng HKQT Nng
Cn b hng dn
Nguyn Thi
L Anh Khoa
Phm Xun Hiu
a im
i K
thut v
thit b
Ngy 0911/01/2013
Thc hnh v h thng n

tn hiu v ngun in d
phng
L Ngc Tuyn
Dng Thi Bnh
i KT v
thit b
Ngy 1418/01/2013
Thc hnh v h thng

thng tin, dn ng,kh
tng Hngkhng
Nguyn Hng Vinh

Nguyn Vnh Thun
i KT v
thit b
Ngy 21/102/2/2013
Hng dn lm bo co thc
tp
Nguyn Hng Vinh

Nguyn Thi
i KT
2.
Nguyn Chin
Nguyn Thi
Hng dn Phn Thc hnh

Thi gian
Ngy 0308/01/2013
12
M U
Hng khng Vit Nam l mt ngnh kinh t k thut, qun s, l nhp cu ni
lin Vit Nam v th gii, l mt trong nhng nhn t a t nc ta pht trin ngang
tm vi cc quc gia trong khu vc v trn th gii. Trong nhng nm va qua ngnh
Hng khng Vit Nam c nhng bc pht trin vt bc, thc s ng vai tr
quan trng trong s nghip pht trin kinh t, x hi ca t nc.
Cng Hng khng Quc T Nng l mt c quan trc thucTng Cng ty
Cng Hng khng Vit Nam, B Giao Thng Vn ti.Nm cch trung tm thnh ph
Nng cha y 2km, vi li th l im gia ca hai u t nc, c v tr trng
yu c v kinh t - x hi, quc phng - an ninh. Hn th, Cng Hng khng Quc T
Nng l u mi giao thng quan trng ti khu vc min Trung, mt trong ba Cng
Hng khng quc t ln nht nc, sau Tn Sn Nht v Ni Bi, vi lng khch n
v i ln th ba ca nc ta.
Vi mc ch to c hi cho sinh vin trc khi tt nghip c tip cn vi
mi trng lm vic chuyn nghip cng nhng trang thit b thc t ti cc c quan,
Khoa in T Vin Thng i hc Bch Khoa Nng cng vi Cng Hng khng
Quc t Nng to iu kin cho chng em c thc tp ti cng ty. Trong qu
trnh thc tp, vi s gip nhit tnh t pha cng ty, c bit l cc anh trong i
K thut ca Trung tm Dch vK thutHng khng Nng, chng em thu c
nhng kinh nghim thc t qu bu s gip ch rt nhiu cho bn thn trong qu trnh
lm vic sau ny.
B cc ca bo co ny gm c bn phn nh sau:
Phn 1:
GII THIU CHUNG C QUAN THC TP

Gii thiu tng quan v c cu t chc ca Tng Cng ty Cng Hng
khng Vit Nam, Cng Hng khng Quc T Nng v Trung tm
Dch v K thut Hng khng Nng.
Phn 2:
CC H THNG K THUT S DNG TI C QUAN THC TP

Gii thiu tng quan nhng h thng in t ti Cng Hng Khng Quc
T Nng: tng i, h thng n bo hiu v ngun in d phng, h
thng thng tin v dn ng Hng khng.
13
Phn 3:
H THNG DN NG H CNH CHNH XC ILS/DME

Tm hiu chi tit v h thng dn ng h cnh chnh xc ILS/DME
mt trong s nhng h thng dn ng c chnh xc ln ti Vit
Nam hin nay.
Cui cng, em xin gi li cm n chn thnh nht ti qu cng ty cng nh

ton b cn b ti Trung tm Dch v K thut Hng khng gip nhit tnh
chng em trong qu trnh thc tp. Trong qu trnh thc hin bo co,mc d c
gng v n lc ht mnh, song bo co ny cng khng trnh khi nhng sai st. Em
rt mong c s thng cm v nhng nhn xt gp t cc anh hng dn v qu
thy c.
Nng, ngy 01 thang 01 nm 2013.
Tr Khu
14
Phn 1:
GII THIU CHUNG C QUAN THC TP
Phn u tin l ci nhn tng quan v c cu t chc cng nh cch thc hot
ng ca Tng Cng ty Cng Hng khng Vit Nam v Cng Hng khng Quc t
Nng. Thm vo l phn gii thiu v Trung tm Dch v K thut Hng khng
Nng ni trc tip hng dn trong sut qu trnh thc tp.
1.1
Tng Cng ty Cng Hng Khng Vit Nam
1.1.1 Gii thiu chung

Vi tn gi y l Tng cng ty Cng hng khng Vit Nam, tn giao dch
quc t l Airports Corporation of Vietnam, tn gi vit tt l ACV, Cng ty m -Tng
cng ty Cng hng khng Vit Nam c thnh lp ti Quyt nh s 238/Q-BGTVT
ngy 08/02/2012 ca B trng B Giao thng vn ti inh La Thng, thnh lp trn
c s hp nht Tng cng ty Cng Hng khng Min Bc, Tng cng ty Cng Hng
khng Min Trung v Tng cng ty Cng Hng khng Min Nam. y l cng ty
trch nhim hu hn mt thnh vin do Nh nc s hu 100% vn iu l, hot ng
theo Lut Doanh nghip. Tng Cng ty c tr s t ti Cng Hng khng Quc t Tn
Sn Nht, thnh ph H Ch Minh [1].
Tng cng ty c t cch php nhn, con du ring v c m ti khon tin
ng Vit Nam v ngoi t ti Kho bc Nh nc, cc ngn hng trong nc v nc
ngoi theo cc quy nh ca php lut c lin quan v iu l; trc tip sn xut, kinh
doanh v u t ti chnh vo cc cng ty con, cng ty lin kt; qun l, ch o, chi
phi cc cng ty con, cng ty lin kt theo t l chim gi vn iu l ti cc cng ty
theo quy nh ca php lut v iu l; Vn v ti sn ring, chu trch nhim i
vi cc khon n v cc ngha v ti chnh khc bng ton b ti sn ca mnh; chu
trch nhim dn s v thc hin quyn, ngha v ca ch s hu i vi cc cng ty
con v cng ty lin kt trong phm vi s vn do Tng cng ty u t; Quyn s hu,
s dng v nh ot i vi tn gi, thng hiu, biu tng ring ca Tng cng ty
theo quy nh ca php lut; Trch nhim k tha cc quyn, nhim v v ngha v
hp php ca Tng cng ty Cng hng khng min Bc, Tng cng ty Cng hng
khng min Trung v Tng cng ty Cng hng khng min Nam ti thi im chuyn
i v trong sut qu trnh hot ng [2].
15
1.1.2 Hot ng ca Tng Cng ty

- Mc tiu hot ng ca Tng cng ty:
+ Kinh doanh c li, bo ton v pht trin vn ch s hu u t ti Tng cng
ty v vn ca Tng cng ty u t ti cc doanh nghip khc.
+ L mt nng ct ngnh cng nghip Hng khng Vit Nam pht trin bn
vng, c kh nng cnh tranh, hi nhp kinh t quc t c hiu qu v bo m an ninh
an ton hng khng, an ninh quc phng, gp phn vo s pht trin ca t nc.
+ Hon thnh cc nhim v khc do ch s hu giao.
+ Pht trin Tng cng ty l doanh nghip kinh t c trnh cng ngh, qun
l hin i v chuyn mn ha cao.
- Ngnh, ngh kinh doanh chnh ca Tng Cng ty:
+ u t, qun l vn u t v trc tip sn xut, kinh doanh.u t v khai
thc h tng k thut ti cc sn bay.
+ Vn chuyn hng khng i vi hnh khch, hnh l, hng ha, bu kin, bu
phm, th
+Cung ng cc dch v: k thut thng mi mt t, cc dch v ti nh ga v
sn , dch v giao nhn hng ha, sn xut, ch bin, xut, nhp khu thc phm
phc v trn tu bay.
+ Bo dng v cung ng dch v k thut cho cc my bay, ng c, ph tng,
thit b hng khng v cc thit b k thut khc.
+ o to, cung ng, xut nhp khu lao ng, khoa hc, cng ngh v cc dch
v chuyn ngnh hng khng khc.
+ Ti chnh, cho thu ti chnh; in n, xy dng, t vn xy dng, kinh doanh
bt ng sn theo quy nh ca php lut.
16
1.2
Cng Hng khng Quc T Nng
1.2.1 Gii thiu chung

Hnh 1.1 sau y l ton cnh Cng Hng khng Quc t Nng.
Hnh 1.1. Cng Hng khng Quc t Nng.
Cng Hng khng Quc t Nng - tn giao dch quc t l Danang

International Airport, tn gi vit tt l DIA - mt trong ba cng hng khng quc t
nhn nhp nht ti Vit Nam sau Cng hng khng Quc t Ni Bi v Cng hng
khng Quc t Tn Sn Nht. L cng hng khng ch o phc v nhu cu giao
thng hng khng quc t v ni a cho thnh ph Nng v cc tnh thnh ln cn.
y l im i- n ca hn 20 chuyn bay trong nc v quc t vi khong 1500
lt khch thng qua mi ngy. Cng hng khng quc t Nng nm qun Hi
Chu, cch Trung tm thnh ph Nng gn 2km v pha ng, giao thng rt thun
tin.
Nng hin ng vai tr chuyn tip quan trng cho cc tuyn bay quc ni
t H Ni v thnh ph H Ch Minh i cc tnh khu vc min Trung, ni hai u t
nc vi cc a phng xa xi, ng thi l ca ng hng khng quc t ln nht ti
min Trung Vit Nam. Thnh ph Nng khng nhng l thnh ph cng bin nhn
nhp trong sut cc thp k qua m ngy nay cn l cng hng khng quc t. T cc
17
chuyn bay quc t c im n l Nng, du khc khng ch c tham quan

Thnh ph Nng vi nhiu khu du lch, ngh mt ni ting nh B N, Ng Hnh
Sn m cn c th i tham quan khu vc xung quanh Nng mt cch thun tin
nh C Hu, Ph c Hi An, M Sn y cng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn
gip Cng Hng khng Quc t Nng tr thnh mt trong nhng Cng Hng khng
ln v quan trng ti Vit Nam [3].
1.2.2 C s h tng
Hnh 1.2 sau y l hnh nh mt bng quy hoch ca Cng Hng khng Quc
t Nng giai on 2015 v nh hng pht trin n 2025 [3].
Hnh 1.2. Mt bng quy hoch Cng Hng khng Quc t Nng n nm 2025.
Cng hng khng quc t Nng c hai ng bng ct h cnh, c trang

b h thng n tn hiu, cc h thng ph tr dn ng v h cnh chnh xc (ILS,
DVOR\DME, NDB), cc h thng radar s cp- th cp hin i, cc h thng quan
trc v pht tin d bo kh tng tin tin, h thng thng trc khn nguy, cc h
thng phc v sn hin i c kh nng phc v cc loi my bay thng mi c
ln nh Boeing 747, Boeing 777, AN-124, MD-11 ct h cnh trong mi iu kin
thi tit.
18
H thng ng ct, h cnh
Cng hng khng Quc t Nng c 2 ng ct h cnh song song (35R17L v 35L-17R), 2 tim ng CHC cch nhau 214m.
+ ng ct, h cnh 35R-17L: Hng t: 172 - 352, Chiu di: 3500m,
Chiu rng: 45m, L ng ct h cnh: rng 7,5m mi bn bng b tng nha, Sn
quay u 17L: 130 x 73m.
+ ng ct h cnh 35L-17R: Hng t: 172 - 352, Chiu di: 3048m,
Chiu rng: 45m, L ng ct h cnh: rng 7,5m mi bn bng b tng nha.
-
ng ln
+ ng ln song song
* E6 nm song song vi ng ct h cnh 35R-17L v pha ng sn bay,
Chiu di 3048m, Chiu rng 25m.
* W6 nm song song vi ng CHC 35L-17R v pha Ty sn bay, Chiu di:
3.048m, Chiu rng: 25m.
+ ng ln ni
* Nhng ng ln ni gia E6 v ng ct h cnh 35R-17L tnh t Nam ra
Bc.
* Nhng ng ln ni gia 2 ng CHC 35R v 35L tnh t Nam ra Bc.
- Sn tu bay
Sn bay Nng c 10 sn vi tng din tch 486.000 m2.
+ Pha ng ng CHC 35R/17L c 4 sn c t tn theo th t t Nam
ra Bc:
* Sn s 1 (ca qun s) c kch thc: 92m x 186m v 239m x 190m.
* Sn s 2 (ca qun s) c kch thc: 70m x 618m.
* Sn s 3 (ca qun s) c kch thc: 102m x 301m.
* Sn s 4 ca HKDD c kch thc: 180 m x 300m v 142 m x 438m.
+ Pha Ty ng CHC 35L/17R c 6 sn ca qun s, c t tn theo th
t t Nam ra Bc
* Sn s 5, 6, 7, 8, 9: hin khng s dng.
19
* Sn s 10: c kch thc: 840m x 145m.

+ Trong cc sn u c xc nh v tr cho cc loi tu bay.
* Sn s 1: Dng cho tu bay ca qun s.
* Sn s 2: Dng cho trc thng v tu bay vn ti hng trung, nh.
* Sn s 3: Dng cho tu bay vn ti qun s c si cnh rng.
* Sn s 10: Dng cho tu bay ca qun s.
+ V tr :
*Sn tu bay Cng HKQT Nng c phn chia thnh 15 v tr nh
s t 1 n 16 (tnh theo hng t Bc v Nam, khng c v tr 13) s dng cho tu
bay loi tu bay B747, B777, B767, A330, A320/A321, ATR72,F70.... v cc loi my
bay tng ng;
* V tr bit lp c thit lp pha Bc sn hng khng dn dng.
* Trong mt s trng hp cn thit, Cng hng khng quc t Nng hip
ng trc tip vi S on Khng qun 372 s dng sn s 3 ca qun s cho
tu bay HKDD.
- Nh ga hnh khch
Nh ga quc t mi c a vo khai thc t thng 12/2011, vi tng mc u
t 1.300 t ng, tng din tch s dng 36.600m2, c cng sut phc v ti a 6 triu
khch/nm, tip nhn 400.000 - 1 triu tn hng/nm v c th nng cp thm. c
trang b y cc h thng hin i phc v khai thc hng khng v phi hng
khng.
1.3
Trung tm Dch v K thut Hng khng Nng
Trung tm Dch v K thut Hng khng Nng trc thuc Cng Hng
khng Quc t Nng.Vi i ng cn b c nng lc chuyn mn cao, nng ng,
sng to, nhiu kinh nghim, lun c trau di v pht trin l nn tng cho mi gii
php cng ngh ca Trung tm. Trn hai mi nm kinh nghim hot ng v pht
trin, vi phng chm cht lng, an ton, hiu qu, tha mn tt nht nhu cu ca
khch hng, Trung tm Dch v K thut Hng khng Nng tr thnh mt n
v c uy tn trong lnh vc cung ng dch v bo tr, sa cha cc trang thit b phc v
bay, phc v hnh khch. Vi quyt tm v n lc khng ngng, Trung tm Dch v
20
K thut Hng khng Nng c c s tin tng vo nhng gt hi thnh cng sp

ti ngy mt to ln hn, vng chc hn trn con ng s nghip ca mnh.
Hnh nh mt s my mc thuc qun l ca Trung tm Dch v K thut Hng
khng Nng c m t hnh 1.3 sau y.
Hnh 1.3. Mt vi h thng thuc Trung tm Dch v K thut Hng khng Nng.
Lnh vc hot ng
+ Cung ng dch v thng tin, dn ng, gim st hng khng phc v bay.
Cung ng cc dch v vin thng v cc dch v khoa hc k thut.
+ Cung ng cc dch v bo tr, sa cha cc trang thit b phc v bay, phc
v hnh khch bao gm: Thit b iu hnh bay, cc phng tin hot ng trn khu
bay, thit b nh Ga v cc thit b khc lin quan n cc dch v hng khng. Cung
ng cc dch v bo tr, sa cha cc h thng in, in t v thit b k thut khc
cho cc t chc c nhn c nhu cu.
+ T vn thit k k thut, sn xut, thi cng lp t, hiu chnh cc cng trnh
in nc v h thng thit b k thut chuyn ngnh.
+ Qun l v cung ng ngun in, nc phc v hot ng bay, phc v nhu
cu s dng ca Tng cng ty v cc n v trn a bn Cng Hng Khng Quc t
Nng.
+ Dch v i l cho cc nh sn xut ph tng thit b, thc hin u quyn cc
dch v k thut ca nh sn xut.
21
Nng lc kinh nghim
+ i ng nhn vin trn 65 ngi, trong hn 50% l cn b c trnh i

hc, trn i hc. Chuyn vin, k s tr, nng ng v c nhiu kinh nghim. Cng
nhn k thut lnh ngh c o to chnh quy c trnh chuyn mn cao. Hn 15
K s c tham gia cc kho o to v cng ngh tin tin trong lnh vc Hng
khng ti cc Nh sn xut hng u trn th gii nh: TLD, Vaisala, Allweatherinc,
Guinault, Heimain, EG&G Astrophysics, ADB, Airport systems, Alenia Marconi
System, ThyssenKrupp, Weihai Guangtai, Xinfa Airport Equiment
+ Cc trang thit b ca cng ty lun c u t mi v hin i nhm cung
ng dch v mt cch tt nht, m bo ph hp vi tiu chun ca cc T chc Hng
khng Dn dng quc t, Hoa K, EU, cc quc gia k kt hip nh Hng khng vi
Vit Nam v yu cu ca khch hng.
-
m bo cng tc chuyn mn theo phn cp k thut
Trung tm chu trch nhim bo dng, sa cha ton b Trang thit b k

thut.
+ Trang thit b iu hnh bay(i dn ng NDB, H thng ILS/DME, VHF,
H thng n hiu Hng khng, AFTN).
+ Trang thit b phc v mt t (Phng tin hot ng trn khu bay).
+ Trang thit b hng khng Nh Ga (Cu dn hnh khch, Thit b an ninh soi
chiu, My r kim loi, My pht hin ma ty, cht n, Cng t).
+ Thit b kh tng (H thng quan trc kh tng t ng AWOS, AW11, C
s d liu/Website kh tng, My thu nh my v tinh, GTS).
+ C s h tng h thng thng tin lin lc, Tng i ni b.
+ Tham gia cc D n trng im ca Tng Cng ty nh: D n ko di, nng
cp ng CHC 35R-17L Cng HK quc t Nng, gi thu 4.4 thuc d n Nh
ga hnh khch quc t Nng v hn 20 d n mua sm, sa cha trang thit b khc
ca Tng cng ty.
Thnh cng ca cng ty c ghi nhn qua hng lot cc D n, Cng
trnh c Tng cng ty, i tc, khch hng nh gi cao v tnh chuyn nghip, hiu
qu, an ton, cht lng v gi thnh hp l, nh:
22
+ Tham gia gim st thi cng lp t cc h thng trang thit b k thut chuyn
ngnh Hng khng nh h thng ILS/DME n bay Ph Bi, Nng; n hiu Ct h
cnh n bay Ph Bi, Nng, Cam Ranh, Pleiku.
+ Thi cng, lp t h thng cp ngun d phng, c s h tng h thng cp
thng tin lc, i dn ng hng khng, my soi chiu An ninh, Thi cng di di, lp
t h thng quan trc kh tng t ng cc sn bay Ph Bi, Nng, Cam Ranh,
Pleiku.
1.4
Kt lun
Qua tm hiu s lc v Tng Cng ty Cng Hng khng Vit Nam, Cng Hng
khng Quc t Nng, Trung tm Dch v K thut Hng khng Nng gip
chng ta c ci nhn s lc v lch s hnh thnh, s pht trin cng nh c cu t
chc hot ng ca c quan thc tp. T d dng hn trong vic nm bt cc h
thng cng nh hiu c nhim v, cng vic v nhng ni dung c thc tp ti c
quan.
23
Phn 2: CC H THNG K THUT S DNG TI C QUAN THC TP

2.1
Gii thiu
Mt s h thng k thut c bn hin ang s dng ti sn bay s c gii

thiu trong phn ny. l nhng h thng Tng i, n tn hiu Hng khng, ngun
in d phng v cc h thng thng tin dn ng Hng khng. y u l nhng h
thng chuyn dng phc v cho ngnh Hng khng. Trong phn ny cng s ch gii
thiu v nhng kin thc c bn ca mi h thng. Phn tm hiu, phn tch s c
thc hin phn sau.
Trong cc h thng c gii thiu y, ta nhn thy c mt c im ni bt
l tnh d phng. Khi vn hnh mt h thng, m bo tnh lin tc v an ton d
liu cao v c bit, ti cc Cng Hng khng, ch cn s gin on ca mt h thng
s gy ra nhng hu qu ht sc nghim trng, c th nguy him n my bay v tnh
mng ca rt nhiu ngi. Do , tnh d phng l mt tnh cht c trng v quan
trng trong tt c cc h thng ti Cng Hng khng. C nhiu c cu d phng nh
c cu d phng phn ti, c cu d phng cp ng b, d phng nng, d phng cp
n+1 Ti Cng Hng khng Quc t Nng, cc h thng c thc hin theo c
cu d phng n+1 v d phng nng. iu ny s c th hin trong tnh cht ca
tng h thng c gii thiu sau.
2.2
Tng i ni b
2.2.1 Tng i Hicom 350H

Hicom 350H l h thng chuyn mch ton thng, a dch v, k thut s, thit
k module c ch to vi nhng cng ngh tin tin nht hin nay. Hicom 350H l
mt model trong h Hicom 300H (Hicom 310H/330H/Hicom 350H) [4].
24
Hnh 2.1 l hnh nh ca tng i Hicom 350H trn thc t.
Hnh 2.1. Tng i Hicom 350H.
Mt s tnh nng c bn ca tng i Hicom 350H:

-
Tnh nng h thng: Kh nng nh s mm do, nhc ch v thng bo,

phn cp phc v, tnh cc chnh xc, kh nng ng b, dch v th thoi,
cc cu trc d phng
Tnh nng in thoi vin: Phn bit cc loi cuc gi khc nhau bng cc
tn hiu chung khc nhau, tr li cc cuc gi cng lc, kim sot trng thi
cuc gi, ch th thng tin cuc gi ch, hin th trng thi cc nhm trung
k
Tnh nng ngi s dng: m s c nhn, quay s, chuyn tip cuc gi,
nhc my h, bo thc, ng dy nng, chn trc tip my l, nhn tin
ngn
Cng vi kh nng m rng khng hn ch v quy m v dch v, la chn h

thng Hicom 350H l mt s u c bo ton trong tng lai.
25
Cu to, chc nng tng i Hicom 350H:

-------------------------------------------- Ch
16
19
H
X
31
s khe----------------------------------------->
40
46
52
58
70
<----------ADP----------->
79
85
<------CCA--------->
91
103
112
118
127
P
S
U
C
<---------CCB--------->
Hnh 2.2. T iu khin trung tm d phng nng.
Hnh 2.2 l m hnh cu trc t iu khin trung tm d phng nng ca tng i

Hicom 350H.
-
T iu khin trung tm d phng nng CCADX.
+ Hai b ngun PSUC (Power Supply Unit, Control). Hai b ngun ny hot
ng song song, nh vy m bo rng h thng vn hot ng tt nu nh c s c
mt trong hai b ngun.
+ Hai b iu khin trung tm CCA v CCB.
Cc b CCA v CCB ng vai tr iu khin hot ng v chuyn mch ton
thng cho ton h thng.CCA v CCB hot ng theo ch d phng nng hotstandby, mt b hot ng trong khi b kia sn sng thay th. Nu thnh phn ang
hot ng c s c, h thng t ng chuyn sang thnh phn d phng m khng h
lm gin on mi hot ng ca h thng.
+ Mt b iu khin qun l/ng dng ADP.
B iu khin ADP lm nhim v giao tip thit b qun l vi h thng, giao
tip cho cc ng dng (nh l ACD server, h thng tnh cc, h thng qun tr vng
HDMS ). ADP cng lm nhim v lu tr ton b d liu h thng.
-
T ngun CABPSD
T ngun chnh CABPSD lm nhim v chuyn i in li 220V AC thnh

in p mt chiu 48V DC. in p 48VDC c cung cp cho cc ngn iu
khin, cc ngn ngoi vi ca h thng thng qua bus ngun chnh ca h thng.
26
T ngoi vi CABPR
Cc thnh phn c bn ca mi t ngoi vi c hai b ngun PSUP gi vai tr

chuyn i in p h thng 48VDC thnh cc in p cn thit cho cc thnh phn
trong t. Hai b PSUP hot ng song song theo cu hnh d phng kp 1+1, m bo
rng t ngoi vi vn hot ng bnh thng nu c s c mt trong hai b ngun,
Card thu pht bo hiu SIUX (Signalling Interface Unit-Extended), card iu khin
n v trung k thu bao LTUCEX (Line Trunk Unit Controller Extended).
P
S
U
P
------------------------------------------ Ch s khe cm ----------------------------------------

1
1
1 1
1
2
3
3
4
4
5
6 6
7
7
8
9 9
0
0
1 2
9
5
1
7
3
9
5
1 7
3
9
5
1 7
3
9
5 1
L
S
T
I
U
U
C
X
E
X
P
S
U
P
Hnh 2.3. T ngoi vi.
2.2.2 Tng i 4000 V5

Tng i HiPath 4000 l nn tng cho truyn thng hi t IP cho cc cng ty t
300 n 100.000 ngi dung [5]. im mnh v tnh nng v thun thc ca HiPath
4000 c minh chng hng ngy bi cc khch hng lp t h thng hn 80
quc gia vi hn 12 triu cng. Vi kin trc hin i v c th m rng trong tng
li, h thng h tr kin trc IP phn tn, mng lin hp phc tp cng nh mt h
thng n l.
H thng HiPath 4000 V5 cung cp cho khch hng mt s la chn hiu qu
v mt kinh t, ti u ha truyn thng, gip doanh nghip tng hiu qu cng vic.
Gii php truyn thng ny bao gm thit b u cui, gii php di ng, truyn thng
tng th da trn tiu chun tch hp v tng thch vi cc ng dng thng mi v
h thng ca doanh nghip.
Giao din m v cc ng dng chuyn dng m bo s tch hp lc quan trong
tin trnh kinh doanh c nhn. Nhng vn ny c th c kt hp mt cch t
nhin v c thch ng thng minh ct gim nhiu hn Tco ca bn.
H thng HiPath 4000 theo 7 nguyn tc ca chin lc truyn thng m v
ngoi ra l tng nn tng truyn thng cho cc cng ty t va n rt ln. vi
nhng yu cu v gii php truyn thng hi t. HiPath 4000 kt hp nhng thun li
ca networking, kh nng truy cp ro cn v s kt ni linh hot in thoi truyn
27
thng TDM vi in thoi IP, in thoi di ng v thit b khng dy v cc phn

mm in thoi (soft phone). m bo tnh an ton d liu h thng v tnh d
phng cao, HiPath 4000V5 c thit k theo c ch d phng 1+1.
H thng HiPath 4000 V5 cung cp mt gii php l tng mt c s h tng
truyn thng cho doanh nghip c kh nng p ng mi yu cu v dung lng cng
nh v tr phn b, vi cu trc module, h thng cho php d dng m rng cc im
truy cp, m rng chi nhnh, h tr ng thi tn hiu tng t, s, IP. HiPath 4000
V5 l mt gii php hon ho cho php s m rng quy m doanh nghip trong tng
lai lu di.
Hnh 2.4 sau y l h thng HiPath 4000 V5 c vn hnh ti nh ga mi
thuc Cng Hng khng Quc t Nng.
Hnh 2.4. Tng i HiPath 4000 V5.
2.3
Gii thiu v h thng n tn hiu Cng Hng khng
H thng n tn hiu Cng HK QT Nng c thit k da trn cc yu cu

k thut trong Anex 14 ca ICAO tr gip cho phi cng xc nh v tr ng ct h
cnh, sn bay bng mt trong cc iu kin khc nhau nht l khi ban m hoc khi c
thi tit xu; tr gip cho cc phng tin di chuyn trn ng ct h cnh, ng
ln, sn ng thi pht hin cc phng tin xm nhp bt ng vo ng ct h
cnh [6].
28
t c yu cu th h thng n phi tun th cc yu cu k thut v

v tr lp t, mu sc nh sng, kiu nh sng, cng sng, hng pht sng v
quan trng nht phi ng b vi cc h thng dn ng khc c trong sn bay.
2.3.1 H thng n tip cn, n thm v n gii hn
-
H thng n tip cn (Hnh 2.5)
H thng c lp t u ng ct h cnh, mu trng, chia lm 2 phn h:

Phn h chn A4 v phn h l A5 c sp xp xen k nhau. Cc n c cung cp
ngun t b iu dng CCR c iu khin trc tip thay i dng trn Panel iu
khin CCR hoc iu khin ti mn hnhiu khin xa ti i ch huy. Cc n c
mc ni tip vi nhau thng qua bin p cch ly do bo m h thng hot ng khi
c mt vi n b chy [7] [8].
Hnh 2.5. H thng n tip cn v s tng qut h thng iu khin n tip cn.
H thng n thm (Hnh 2.6)
H thng n ny nm ngay vng chuyn tip t h thng n tip cn. Tng

t nh h thng n tip cn h thng n thm c th s dng hai loi n l n
chm v n ni. n c mu xanh l cy, chia lm hai phn h n chn v l, c
cung cp ngun t b iu dngCCR [7] [8].
Hnh 2.6. H thng n thm v hnh nh mt n thm ni loi ang s dng.
29
H thng n gii hn (Hnh 2.7)
H thng n gii hn nm cui ng bng cho ngi phi cng bit mc

gii hn ca ng bang, ra khi khu vc th s gp nguy him. Cng nh h thng
n tip cn, h thng n gii hn s dng hai loi n: n chm, n ni. n c
mu , chia lm hai phn h n chn v l, c cung cp ngun t b iu dng
CCR [7] [8].
Hnh 2.7. H thng n gii hn v hnh nh mt n gii hn ni loi ang s dng.
2.3.2 H thng n ng ct h cnh

Gm hai h thng n: l ng ct h cnh v tim ng ct h cnh. Hin nay
ti Cng HK QT Nng ch s dng h thng n l ng ct h cnh 35L-17R.
H thng n l ng ct h cnh gip ngi li nhn dng ng ct h cnh.
H thng n mu trng c thit k theo hai loi n l: n l lp chm hoc n l
lp ni. H thng n ng ct h cnh c gii thiu hnh 2.8 [7] [8].
V tr lp t:
-
Hai dy n song song v i xng vi nhau qua tim ng ct h cnh.

t cch mp ngoi ng ct h cnh 3m.
Khong cch hai n ti a l 60m.
Ti nhng khong giao nhau gia ng ct h cnh v ng ln th bt
buc phi s dng n lp chm nh hnh v di.H thng n ng ct
h cnh s dng hai loi n: n chm, n ni. n chia lm hai phn h
n chn v l, c cung cp ngun t b iu dng CCR.
30
Hnh 2.8. H thng n ng ct h cnh v cc loi n chm, ni c s dng.
H thng n ng ln
2.3.3
ng ln l khu vc chuyn tip t sn qua ng ct h cnh. H thng

n ng ln c th chia thnh nhiu h thng nh nh:
-
H thng n l ng ln (n xanh da tri).

H thng n tim ng ln (n xanh l cy).
H thng n ti vng trnh nhau (n xanh da tri).
H thng n ti im ch ng ln (Mu vng).
V tr lp t: cch mp ngoi ng ln 3m, lp thnh hai mch chn l

ixng nhau qua tim ng ln, khong cch ti a ca hai n l 60m. H thng n
ng ln c gii thiu hnh 2.9 [7] [8].
Hnh 2.9. H thng n ng ln v cc loi n c s dng.
H thng n PAPI, n chp
2.3.4
-
H thng n PAPI l h thng chiu nh sng hin th gc h cnh my

bay.
31
t mt pha bn ng ct h cnh v vung gc tm ng ct h cnh, h

thng c mt cnh hoc hai cnh i xng nhau qua tm ng ct h cnh. mi
cnh c 4 n n v t nh hnh 2.10 [7] [8].
Hnh 2.10. Mt canh n PAPI.
Trong h thng n th mi n pht ra cc gc khc nhau, s sai khc gia

hai n lin k l 20. my bay h cnh an ton phi cng iu khin cho my bay
nhn thy 2 / 2 trng, my bay cc vng khc th phi cng phi iu chnh lai
cao ca my bay. Ty khu vc m ngi phi cng phi iu chnh li cao my bay
cho ph hp my bay h cnh an ton.
-
H thng n chp (Hnh 2.11)
V tr lp t: gm hai b n chp c t ti thm ng ct h cnh, i

xng qua tim ng ct h cnh v cch mp ng ct h cnh mt khong 10m.
Hnh 2.11. H thng n chp.
2.4
Ngun in d phng
m bo cho cc thit b hot ng lin tc, khng b ngng khi mng li

in b ct hoc xy ra s c th phi s dng n ngun in d phng. Cc h thng
ti sn bay c ba cp ngun: ngun in li, UPS v my n.
32
Trong iu kin bnh thng ngun cung cp chnh ly t ngun in li thnh

ph c trm h th t ti nh Volt, khi ngun in li c s c s t ng khi ng
my pht in d phng vn hnh ngun d phng t my pht. Ngun in d
phng l cc my n chy du Diezen t hp hai my pht in WILSON 250KVA v
SDMO 250KVA hoc l UPS gip cp ngun d phng khi xy ra mt ngun li
(khong 20 pht). Chng c ci t ng, khi ngun in chnh c s c th ngun
in d phng s hot ng. cc hot ng cn s phc v lin tc ca cc thit b
th thi gian chuyn i l thp nht m bo khng c s c no xy ra. Hnh sau
y l hnh nh mt my n d phng ti Cng Hng khng Quc t Nng.
Hnh 2.12. My n d phng.
2.5
Gii thiu v h thng thng tin, dn ng Hng khng
2.5.1 Tng quan v dn ng Hng khng

H thng thit b dn ng hng khng l h thng thit b nhm cung cp
thng tin cho my bay thng qua cc my thu c trang b trn my bay, gip phi
cng xc nh c cc thng tin: v tr my bay, hng my bay ang bay, khong
cc so vi i dn ng, my bay bay nh th no
Phn loi thit b dn ng hng khng:
-
Thit b dn ng v tuyn: h thng cc thit b cung cp cho my bay cc

thng tin cn thit theo phng thc pht sng ra khng gian. V d h
thng dn ng v hng (NDB), h thng dn ng a hng sng cc
ngn (VOR)
33
Thit b dn ng bng mt: H thng cc thit b cung cp v hng dn

my bay bng tn hiu nh sang, bin bo trong khu vc tip cn, ti sn.
2.5.2 i dn ng v hng NDB

2.5.2.1 Chc nng, nhim v ca i dn ng NDB (Non-Directional Beacon)
- Chc nng: i lm vic gii tn trung bnh v thp, pht tn hiu mt cch
v hng m nh n phi cng c trang b mt my thu v anten nh hng ph hp
, c th nh hng c ca my bay i vi trm mt t [9].
- Nhim v: c hai nhim v
+ Khi i NDB lm nhim v i gn, i xa: NDB gip my bay xc nh
c trc tm ng ct h cnh ko di. iu ny s c th hin r trong hnh 2.13.
Hnh 2.13. i NDB s dng phc v h cnh.
+ Khi i NDB lm nhim v i im cho mt sn bay: N gip my bay nh

hng bay v sn bay sau h cnh theo phng thc bng mt nh hnh 2.14.
Hnh 2.14. My bay bay v i NDB.
34
2.5.2.2 Hot ng i dn ng NDB

Tn s hot ng ca i dn ng v hung nm trong di tn s t 190kHz
dn 526,5kHz, ph hp vi qui hoch ph tn s v tuyn in ca Vit Nam cho cc
nghip v. Mi i NDB c nhn dng bng mt tn hiu nhn dng l mt nhm
m Morse quc t bao gm t hai n ba ch ci v c pht vi tc khong 7 t
trong mt pht. Khi ngi phi cng trn my bay nhn tn hiu ca i NDB, anh ta s
nghe thy tn hiu nhn dng ca i 2 ln trn tn s 1020 Hz pht lin tc. Theo kim
ch th ca la bn, phi cng c th li theo hng bay ti i NDB. Khi my bay bay
vt qua i NDB thkim ch th b nh hng o ngc 180o bo hiu cho ngi
phi cng bit rng bay qua i.
u im:H thng c dng rng ri trong nhiu nm v cc thao tc vi
i rt quen thuc vi cc phi cng. Cc thit b trm mt t khng t, h thng n
gin khng cn bo dng bi cng ngh hin i.
Nhc im: Chu nh hng rt mnh ca a vt, a hnh v cc nhiu tp
thi tit. Li ca h thng i NDB cn xy ra khi c st nh hoc nhiu x ca sng
in t vo ban m. Li dn n vic ch th sai lch cao s rt nguy him cho my
bay.
Sau y l mt s hnh nh ca i NDB K1, K2 phc v cho Cng Hng khng
Quc t Nng m nhm thc tp c tham quan trong qu trnh thc tp.
hnh 2.15 l h thng anten trong i dn ng K1 nm trn ng Cch
mng thng tm, qun Cm L, Nng. Anten hnh ch T, c bt cao 15m so
vi mt t. Hnh 2.16 gii thiu v h thng anten trong i dn ng K2 nm
Miu Bng vi h thng anten 64m. Hnh 2.17 l t iu khin trong i NDB.
Hnh 2.15. i dn ng K1.
Hnh 2.16. i dn ng K2
35
Hnh 2.17. T iu khin trong i dn ng NDB.
2.5.3 i dn ng v tuyn a hng sng cc ngn VOR

2.5.3.1 Chc nng, nhim v ca i dn ng VOR
- Chc nng: VOR (VHF Omnidirectional radio Range) l h thng dn ng
ph tr bng sng Radio pht ra trong khng gian nhm gip my bay xc nh
c v tr ca n vi v tr t i [10].
- Nhim v:
+ Thng thng i VOR thng kt hp vi i o c ly DME to thnh
trm xc nh gc phng v v c ly, dng cho c hai ch i im v phc
v ct h cnh.
2.5.3.2 Cc phng thc hot ng i dn ng VOR
i VOR pht ra 2 tn hiu bao gm: pha bin thin v pha chun. Tn hiu pha
chun l tn hiu iu ch 30Hz c pha c nh theo mi hng. Pha bin thin l tn
hiu iu ch 30Hz m pha ca n tr khi my bay chuyn hng theo chiu kim ng
h v tr 3600 khi hng quay 3600. Bng cch o s khc pha gia hai tn hiu m
ngi phi cng o c gc phng v gia my bay vi i. i VOR c chnh
xc cao, sai s gc phng v cho php l 2o.
36
u im: chnh xc v thng tin v tr cao, cho php thit lp mng i VOR
trn ng bay c nh.
Nhc im: chu nh hng ca hiu ng a ng, d b nhiu tc ng, c
l hot ng ph thuc vo tm nhn thy trc tip v cng sut pht ca i, chnh
xc gim khi khong cch my bay v i tng.
Hnh nh i VOR v cc thng s xc nh trn i VOR c th hin hnh
2.18 v 2.19.
Hnh 2.18. Hnh nh i VOR ti sn bay Nng.
Hnh 2.19. Cc thng s c theo di.
2.5.4 H thng dn ng h cnh chnh xc ILS

ILS (Instrument Landing System) l h thng thit b nhm mc ch hng
dn my bay tip cn v h cnh bng thit b trong cc iu kin thi tit kh khn
nht.
H thng tr gip h cnh ILS cung cp cc thng tin hng dn chnh xc cho
qu trnh h cnh ca cc my bay ti cc sn bay. Cc sn bay ni c lp t h thng
ILS, ngi phi cng c kh nng h cnh chnh xc xung ng bng mt cch an
ton.
i ch hng h cnh: i ny dng pht tn hiu thng tin hng dn ch
hng ca ng tm ng bng m rng. i pht hai bp sng iu ch bi cc tn
hiu m tn sao cho ch khi my bay bay trn mt phng thng ng cha ng tim
ng bng th 2 tn hiu thu c my thu mi bng nhau.
i ch gc h cnh: i ny dng pht cc thng tin hng dn cho my
bay v gc h cnh xung ng bng. i ny cng pht hai bpsng iu ch bi 2
37
tn hiu m tn sao cho khi my bay p xung theo mt phng h cnh chun (gc h
cnh 3o) th 2 tn hiu thu c ti b thu bng nhau.
y ch l nhng kin thc tng quan v h thng ILS, phn sau s tm hiu k
hn v ILS, v cch thc hot ng cng nh cc li v cch x l thng gp khi vn
hnh h thng.
2.6
Kt lun
Trong phn ny trnh by mt cch tng quan v cc h thng c gii

thiu trong qu trnh thc tp. V phn sau l phn trnh by chi tit hn v mt h
thng c nhm la chn tm hiu k hn.
38
Phn 3:
3.1
TM HIU H THNG DN NG H CNH CHNH XC ILS
Gii thiu h thng dn ng h cnh chnh xc ILS
Cc h thng NDB, VOR, DME nh gii thiu trong chng trc l cc

phng tin dn ng trong khng gian 2 chiu. Do thiu kh nng cung cp thng
tin v v tr trong mt phng ng nn vic s dng cn nhiu hn ch. V vy, chng
c phn loi l phng tin dn ng khng chnh xc.
H thng ILS b sung thm thng tin v v tr ca my bay so vi ng gim
cao (hay gc h cnh) nh, gip hng dn cho my bay xc nh qu o h
cnh xung ng bng vi chnh xc cao. Khi s dng ILS, phi cng xc nh vi
tr v iu khin my bay h cnh ch yu da vo ch th ca ng h dn ng. ILS
c th dn my bay h cnh chnh xc xung ng bng. H thng ILS l mt h
thng kh hin i v cho chnh xc cao nht trong cc h thng dn ng ti Vit
Nam hin nay [11].
3.2
H thng ILS
3.2.1 Chc nng thnh phn ca h thng ILS:

-
Chc nng: Cung cp hng dn chnh xc gip cho my bay tip cn v h

cnh xung ng bng, trong nhng iu kin thi tit bt li nh sng
m, ma ln, dn n tm nhn hn ch, phi cng khng th h cnh bng
tn hiu n th h thng ILS vn c th hng dn gip may bay h cnh an
ton [12].
Thnh phn:
H thng ILS c hai i c bn cung cp thng tin gip my bay xc nh

c qu o h cnh xung ng ct h cnh mt cch chnh xc, l i
Localizer (LOC) v i Glidepath (GP).
-
i LOC cn gi l i xc nh hng, dng xc nh chnh xc trc

tm ca ng ct h cnh v gip my bay h cnh vo chnh gia tm
ng ct h cnh.
i GP cn gi l i xc nh tm, dng xc nh chnh xc ng trt
h cnh ca qu o h cnh v gip my bay h cnh chnh xc vo vng
h cnh ca ng ct h cnh.
Ngoi ra DME gip my bay xc nh c c ly t my bay n ngng

ng ct h cnh.
39
Hnh 3.1 l cu trc h thng ILS vi hai i ch chun.
Glide Path
330 MHz
Marker Beacon
75MHz
Localizer
110 MHz
Hnh 3.1. Cu trc h thng ILS.
3.2.2 H thng i xac nh hng Localizer (LOC)

3.2.2.1 Nguyn l hot ng
H thng Localizer (LOC) c t pha cui ng bng, n bao gm mt
vi cp anten nh hng. Trng in t c bc x t h thng anten LOC l mt
trng in t hn hp m c iu ch bin bi hai tn hiu m tn l 90Hz v
150Hz. Anten s pht ra hai tn hiu c iu ch hai tn s khc nhau, mi tn s
l mt bp sng hp c pht ra hai pha ca ng bng. B thu tn hiu LOC trn
my bay o s khc nhau v su iu ch ca hai tn hiu, su iu ch cho mi
tn s thng thng khong 20%, s khc nhau ny ph thuc vo v tr ca my bay
v tim ng bng, t y, my bay c th xc nh c v tr tim ng bng c
th h cnh chnh xc. Trong trng hp my bay thu c mt tn s c t l vt tri
so vi tn s cn li, th iu c ngha l my bay ang lch tri hoc phi so vi
tim ng bng. Tn s sng mang cho tn hiu trong h thng LOC nm trong
khong t 108.10 MHz n 111.95 MHz [13].
Hnh 3.2 l hnh nh bc x in t t anten ca i LOC.
Hnh 3.2. Bc x in t t anten i LOC.
40
3.2.2.2 Lp t v gim st h thng

-
Lp t:
H thng anten i LOC c t vung gc vi tm ng ct h cnh ni di

v cch im dng cui cng ca ng ct h cnh khong 300m.
-
Gim st:
+ H thng gim st t ng s cung cp mt tn hiu bo ng khi: S bc x

b dng li, khng c thng tin v dn ng v tn hiu nhn dng t sng mang.
+ H thng gim st t ng s chuyn hoc tt my khi: chnh xc ca
ng trung tm (course line) sai qu gii hn cho php, mt tn hiu nhn dng, cng
sut pht gim 20%.
Hnh nh h thng i LOC ti Cng Hng khng Quc t Nng c th
hin trong hnh 3.3. Hnh 3.4 l t iu khin h thng i LOC. y u l nhng t
liu thc t thu thp c trong qu trnh tham quan, tm hiu ti ni thc tp.
Hnh 3.3. Hnh nh tham quan ti h thng i LOC.
41
Hnh 3.4. T iu khin i LOC.
3.2.3 H thng i xac nh tm Glide Path (GP)

3.2.3.1 Nguyn l hot ng
H thng Glide Path (GP) c t mt bn vng im chm bnh ca ng
bng. Cng tng t nh LOC th h thng GP cng bao gm cc anten v pht ra hai
tn hiu c tn s khc nhau l 90Hz v 150Hz, nhng khc vi h thng LOC th hai
bp sng c phn bit theo chiu dc, tn s sng mang ca h thng GP nm trong
khong t 329.15 MHz n 335 MHz. ng trung tm ca vng giao ca hai bp
sng chnh l ng xung theo gc 3o, y l tn hiu dn ng cho my bay xung
theo gc 3o [14].
Hnh 3.5 l hnh nh bc x in t t anten ca i GP.
Hnh 3.5. Bc x in t t anten i GP.
42
3.2.3.2 Lp t v gim st h thng

-
Lp t: H thng anten i Glidepath c pha bn tri hoc phi

ng ct h cnh, cch ngng h cnh ca ng ct h cnh khong
300m.
Gim st: H thng gim st s to ra mt tn hiu bo ng khi cc tiu
chun sau b vi phm :
+ Gc h cnh b dch chuyn hn: 0,075 theo chiu m (nh hn ) v 1,10

theo chiu dng (ln hon ).
+ Cng sut gim 20%.
+ nhy ca s dch chuyn sai qu 25% so vi danh nh.
Trong hnh 3.6, anh Nguyn Hng Vinh K s hng dn v nhm thc tp
ang tham quan, tm hiu ti h thng i GP thuc Cng Hng khng Quc t
Nng. Hnh 3.7 l my pht i GP.
Hnh 3.6. Hnh nh k s hng dn v nhm thc tp ti h thng i GP.
43
Hnh 3.7. Hnh nh my pht ti h thng i GP.
3.2.4 Cc phng thc hot ng ca h thng ILS

-
3.3
Khng ging nhu cc i NDB, DME, VOR c th p dng cho dn ng

trung cn ln tip cn h cnh, h thng ILS ch c s dng hng dn
tip cn h cnh
Ngoi s phn cp chnh xc theo tiu chun k thut, cp chnh xc trong
khai thc cn ph thuc vo hai yu t l tm nhn v trn my
C th p dng phng thc ch s dng i xc nh hng (LOC only)
phc v tip cn h cnh, v lc ny nhim v ca i xc nh hng ging
nh nhim v ca hai i NDB, cho nn cc yu t v kh tng nh tm
nhn, trn my c p dng nh nhau.
Thit b o khong cch DME
3.3.1 Chc nng, nhim v ca i o c ly

- Chc nng: DME l mt i thu pht trn tn s UHF pht ra mi hng c
km theo i hiu nhm cung cp cho my bay c ly t my bay n v tr t
i, y l c ly nghing l khong cch t i n my bay [15].
- Nhim v:
+ Trong ch i im: Khi DME kt hp trm VOR th DME cung cp
thng tin gip my bay xc nh c c ly nghing t my bay n v tr t
trm DME.
44
+ Trong ch ct h cnh: DME cung cp thng tin gip my bay xc nh

c c ly nghing t my bay n v tr t trm DME.
3.3.2 Cc phng thc hot ng ca i o c ly

H thng DME cung cp cho my bay thng tin khong cch t n so vi i.
My bay pht xung hi nh b hi t trn ni v trm mt t (cn gi l b pht pTransponder) nhn c cc xung hi ny t my bay v tr li t ng bng cc xung
tr li c tn s sng mang cc tn s sng mang xung hi 63 MHz. Thng tin khong
cch o c nh o c khong cch thi gian gia im pht xung hi v thi
im nhn xung tr li.
Ti Cng Hng khng Quc t Nng, DME lm vic kt hp vi h thng
VOR nh hnh 2.16.
3.3.3 Phng thc o thi gian ca i DME

B pht p trn my bay s gi mt chui xung v pha b pht p mt t
(truy vn), sau mt khong thi gian tr chnh xc(khong 50 micro giy), b pht p
mt t s gi li mt chui xung nh chui xung m n nhn c. B thu DME
trn my bay s tm li chui xung m n gi i cng vi khong thi gian chnh
xc t khi gi i cho n khi nhn li, mt khi tm c chui xung ban u, b pht
p trn my bay s kha v pha trm mt t, c ngha l b thu DME ca my bay
s c mt ca s hp hn i tn hiu tr li.
3.3.4 Phng thc o khong cch ca i DME

Mt xung s mt 12.36 ms i v v cho khong cch l 1nM (1nM=1.852m).
T y ta c cng thc tnh khong cch:
d=
50
12.36
* v (nM)
Trong , d l khong cch t my bay n b pht p mt t c tnh theo

n v l nM, T l tng thi gian t khi xung pht ra cho n khi quay v, 50ms l
tr trong b pht p mt t, v l vn tc ca nh sng (3.108m/s).
3.4
Yu cu v an ton k thut v cc im cn lu
-
c k ti liu hng dn trc khi vn hnh thit b.
45
3.5
phng cc nh hng ca tnh in i vi thit b: Phi loi b cc tnh

in trc khi tip xc vi thit b bng cch eo ai da c tay (i km theo
thit b) khi thc hin sa cha, bo dng thit b.
Khng l cc ngun in ra bn ngoi, khng c cung cp ngun in
cho thit b khi thc hin thay th cc bo mch in, khng c tip xc
vi ngun in cao p.
Khi thc hin sa cha, bo dng, phi c y cc dng c h tr m
bo an ton in.
Khng cho ngi l, ngi khng c chuyn mn tip xc vi thit b.
Khi lao ng trn cao (tr anten), phi eo dy an ton, phi mang giy cao
su cch din khi thao tc c kh nng tip xc vi thit b c in p cao.
Khng c sa cha, bo dung mt mnh.
X l s c
-
Nhng thnh phn trong h thng cn c kim tra m bo tnh an ton

ca ton b h thng dn ng hng khng:
+ My pht v anten my pht i LOC hot ng bnh thng.
+ My pht GP v anten my pht hot ng bnh thng.
+ My thu pht v anten my thu pht DME hot ng bnh thng.
+ Khng c chng ngi vt trn vng pht x ca thit b.
+ H thng cung cp in ngun xoay chiu 220VAC cho cc i hot ng
bnh thng.
+ H thng gim st t xa hot ng bnh thng.
+ B phn hin th ti i ch huy hot ng bnh thng.
i vi h thng ILS ta c th kim tra bng hai cch:

+ Kim tra thit b qua cc bo ng hin th trn mt my
Kim tra n hin th ngun xoay chiu AC.
Kim tra n hin th ngun mt chiu DC.
Cho my pht hot ng ch hot ng bo dng, sa cha thit b
(ch thc hin khi thit b khng phc v bay), kim tra cc bo ng
trn b phn gim st.
+ Kim tra thit b bng my tnh
Cho my pht hot ng ch hot ng bo dng, sa cha
thit b (ch thc hin khi thit b khng phc v bay).
46
Khi ng my tnh.
ng nhp PMDT (PMDT: Portable Maitenance Data Terminal).
Kim tra cc thng s thit b gim st vt qu gii hn cho php.
Xc nh thnh phn hng hc.
3.6
Kt lun
Trong phn ny ta tm hiu chi tit v h thng dn ng chnh xc ILS

mt trong nhng h thng dn ng hin i trn th gii. H thng ny cho chnh
xc cao, k c nhng trong iu kin thi tit khc nghit ngi phi cng khng th h
cnh bng mt th vn c th h cnh bng h thng thit b dn ng ca ILS. Tuy
nhin, h thng ny vn c mt s nhc im nh vic lp t khng phi d dng
i vi tt c cng hng khng v vic bo tr cn nhiu kh khn.
47
KT QU T C SAU QU TRNH THC TP

TI C QUAN
Sau gn 2 thng c thc tp ti Trung tm Dch v K thut Hng khng

Nng, Cng Hng khng Quc t Nng, nh s gip , hng dn nhit tnh t
pha lnh o cng ty cng nh trc tip l cc anh, cc ch trong i K thut ca
Trung tm, chng em c tip cn v tm hiu nhiu v cch thc hot ng, vn
hnh ca cc thit b trong thc t ti c quan nh cch thng Tng i, h thng n
Hng khng, h thng dn ng Hng khng (NDB, VOR, DME, ILS). T nhng
kin thc c hng dn gip b sung nhng kin thc cn cha tt v thiu v
mt thc hnh, chng em thm phn t tin hn vo bn thn khi ra trng, xin vic
lm v lm vic ti cc c quan.
Khng ch c to iu kin nng cao v kin thc chuyn mn, trong qu
trnh thc tp ti c quan, chng em c cc anh, cc ch tm s, ch dy thm v
li sng, k nng mm, cch nghin cu trong cng vic nhng iu m c l cn
kh hn ch khi cn ngi trn gh nh trng. V hn th na, vi tnh cht k lut
cao, lm vic so trch nhim v k nng lm vic nhm gip chng em sau ny ra
trng khi b ng trc nhng n np, k lut mi ca mt mi trng lm vic
chuyn nghip.
Cui cng em xin gi li cm n chn thnh nht n Cng Hng khng Quc
t Nng, Trung tm Dch v K thut v trc tip nht l cc anh, cc ch trong
i K thut ca Trung tm to cho chng em nhng iu kin tt nht t thc
tp mang li nhiu li ch cng nh t c nhng kt qu nh mong i. Chc C
quan lun gt hi c nhiu thnh cng hn trong s nghip pht trin ca mnh. Em
xin chn thnh cm n!
48
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]
Quyt nh v vic thnh lp Tng Cng ty Cng Hng khng Vit Nam trn c s
hp nht Tng Cng ty Hng khng Min Bc, Tng Cng ty Hng khng Min
Trung v Tng Cng ty Hng khng Min Nam, S: 238/Q-BGTVT.
[2]
http://www.mac.org.vn/DAD/
[3]
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2n_bay_qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF_%
C4%90%C3%A0_N%E1%BA%B5ng
[4]
Hicom 300 E V3.0/V3.1, Description of Features, Siemens Hicom 300 parts, 2012.
[5]
HiPath 4000 V5 Conversion Guide for HiPath 4000 Networks, Siemens Enterprise
Communications, 2012.
[6]
ANNEX 14 to the convention on international civil aviation, International

Standards and Recommended Practices, Third edition, July 1999.
[7]
Quyt nh Ban hnh Qui trnh khai thc vn hnh h thng n tn hiu Cng Hng
khng Quc t Nng, 2009.
[8]
http://adb-airfield.com/
[9]
Operational Notes on Non-Directional Beacons (NDB) and Associated Automatic

Direction Finding (ADF)
[10]
VOR, The Rotary Wing Society of India.
[11]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_landing_system
[12]
ATO-P T&E Services Group, Navigation Team, ILS 420 Test Trouble Report
113/114 Supporting Data Glide Slope Antenna Performance Characterization, 8 May
2009.
[13]
European and North Atlantic Office, European Interim Guidance Material on

Management of ILS Localizer Critical and Sensitive Areas.
[14]
Lucas, J.G, Young, A.C, The ILS Glidepath: New Designs for Severe Sites,
Aerospace and Electronic Systems, IEEE Transactions on Nov. 1978.
[15]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_measuring_equipment
49

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BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP

CNG HNG KHNG QUC T NNG

Tinh thn k lut, thi

I.1 Thc hin ni quy ca c quan

I.4 thc bo v ca cng

Kh nng chuyn mn, nghip v

II.1 p ng yu cu cng vic

III.1 Hon thnh cng vic c giao

CNG HNG KHNG QUC T NNG

Nhn xt khc: ..................................................................................................................

Nng, ngy 20 thng 01 nm 2013

CNG HNG KHNG QUC T NNG

NHN XT CA GING VIN HNG DN

CNG HNG KHNG QUC T NNG

CNG HNG KHNG QUC T NNG

Cng Hng Khng Quc T Nng

CNG HNG KHNG QUC T NNG

Tng Cng ty Cng Hng Khng Vit Nam ................................................. 15

Cng Hng khng Quc T Nng ............................................................ 17

Trung tm Dch v K thut Hng khng Nng.................................... 20

Phn 2: CC H THNG K THUT S DNG TI C QUAN THC TP

CNG HNG KHNG QUC T NNG

H thng n tn hiu hng khng ................................................................. 28

2.3.1 H thng n tip cn, n thm v n gii hn ..................................... 29

Ngun in d phng ..................................................................................... 32

Gii thiu v h thng thng tin, dn ng Hng khng .......................... 33

Phn 3: H THNG DN NG H CNH CHNH XC ILS/DME .......... 39

Gii thiu ......................................................................................................... 39

H thng ILS ................................................................................................... 39

CNG HNG KHNG QUC T NNG

3.2.3.1 Nguyn l hot ng ........................................................................... 42

Thit b o khong cch DME ...................................................................... 44

Yu cu v an ton k thut v cc im cn lu ..................................... 45

Kt qu t c sau qu trnh thc tp ti c quan............................................. 48

CNG HNG KHNG QUC T NNG

Tng cng ty Cng hng khng Vit Nam.

Cng Hng khng Quc t Nng.

T chc Hng khng dn dng th gii.

H thng dn ng v tuyn a hng sng cc ngn

Thit b o khong cch

H thng dn ng h cnh chnh xc.

CNG HNG KHNG QUC T NNG

CNG HNG KHNG QUC T NNG

Hnh 3.1 - Cu trc h thng ILS.

CNG HNG KHNG QUC T NNG

K HOCH HNG DN SINH VIN TRONG THI GIAN THC TP

Hng dn Phn L thuyt

Gii thiu v tng i, mng

Gii thiu v h thng n

Gii thiu v h thng thng

Nguyn Hng Vinh

Thc hnh v h thng n

Thc hnh v h thng

Nguyn Hng Vinh

Nguyn Hng Vinh

Hng dn Phn Thc hnh

CNG HNG KHNG QUC T NNG

GII THIU CHUNG C QUAN THC TP

CC H THNG K THUT S DNG TI C QUAN THC TP

CNG HNG KHNG QUC T NNG

H THNG DN NG H CNH CHNH XC ILS/DME

Cui cng, em xin gi li cm n chn thnh nht ti qu cng ty cng nh

CNG HNG KHNG QUC T NNG