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III-Background of the author

George Eliot (1819-1880), one of the most influential of all English novelists, is admired as much for her acute powers of observation and in-depth characterization in her novels. George Eliot, the pen name of Mary Ann (Marian) Evans, was born in 1819 near Nuneaton in Warwickshire, the youngest surviving daughter of Robert Evans, a respected land agent. During her childhood, she was particularly close to her elder brother Isaac, and their relationship is echoed in that of Maggie Tulliver and her beloved brother Tom in The Mill on the Floss. Much of her childhood was spent cut off from cultural activity, but she became heavily influenced by a pious and evangelical preacher, John Edmund Jones, from an early age. It was not until later, when she met the progressive intellectuals Charles and Caroline Bray, that she questioned her orthodox beliefs, a development which upset and distanced her father for a time. After the death of her mother in 1836 Marian became her fathers housekeeper but still found time to continue her education, reading widely and learning Ger man and Italian. Her friendship with the Bays, after moving to Coventry in 1841, resulted in her being offered a commission to translate Strausss life of Jesus, the only publication to bear her real name. This, in turn, led to her meeting of the publisher John Chapman who, when he purchased the Westminster Review in 1851, made her his managing editor. After her fathers death in 1849 , she moved to London, lodging for a while at Chapmans house. There she met many of Londons intelligentsia, among them the philosopher Herbert Spencer and the versatile man of letters G. H. Lewes. She developed strong feelings for Spencer, who she might have married save for the fact that he found her too morbidly intellectual. Growing closer to G.H. Lewes, she made the difficult decision to set up home with him in 1854 (marriage being out of the question as he already had an estranged wife). It proved to be a strong and loving union which lasted until Lewess death in 1878. A strong influence on Marian, he persuaded her to abandon philosophy in favour of fiction, resulting in her first stories in 1858. Collected as scenes of Clerical Life, they were

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published under her adopted pen name of George Eliot, a pseudonym which caused great speculation at the time. She was immediately recognized as a writer of some significant talent and followed this success with Adam Bede (1859), the Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner (1861), Romola (1863), in which she strays from her usual Midlands setting, Felix Holt: The Radical (1867), Middlemarch (1872) and Daniel Deronda (1876) . She was also the author of a great many essays, reviews and articles. Seven months before her death in 1880, she married John W. Cross, an old friend and admirer, who was to become her first biographer. She is buried in Highgate cemetery next to Lewes. George Eliot has been highly praised by Virginia Woolf and also by F. R. Leavis, who thought her not as transcendently great as Tolstoy, but [she is] great, and great in the same way.

VI-Background of the novel:

Silas Marner, the Weaver of Raveloe, published in 1861 by William Blackwood and Sons under its full name Silas Marner the weaver of Raveloe, is one of the most amazing, interesting, and influential masterpieces of Mary Ann Evans. Silas Marner is described by Mary Ann (Marians) Evans herself as a story of old fashioned village life. It is unique within all her novels. It is the shortest one and it is written in a short time during three months. It is also a paradigm of realism movement in which language can imitates reality as it is. It is like a mirror. In revealing events, the author can disclose all characters thoughts and feelings. He knows more than what the characters know about themselves. It is also recognized as writing which relies on its brevity and apparent allegorical charity. The novel is published in her first work, series of clerical life (1858). It is about the story of Silas Marner disbelieve in God and humanity and eventual redemption through the love of a child, Eppie; the novel has powerful biblical and mythic resonance. It also displays aspect of Mary Ann Evans own religious life. Furthermore, the novel discloses a blending of the realistic and the fantastic in its depiction of village life and culture in the nineteenth century England.

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IV.1-Plot
The plot is a series of related events in a literary work. The majority of the plots take the following pattern: the exposition, which holds within its folds setting which is also split into time and place, characters, complication, rising action, climax, and falling action which is immediately followed by the resolution or what is called denouement, the ending. As for the novel of Silas Marner, there are two sorts of plots: the first one is about Silas Marners rejection of God and humanity and his redemption, and the second one is about Godfrey Cass and his two wives. As the novel unfolds, it draws up an exposition which covers a long period of time on which the book opens, showing Silas Marner, the protagonist of this literary work, living in his lonely existence at Raveloe. He is suffering from an ancient friendly betrayal. This period is followed by a flashback which portrays the effects of the events fifteen years earlier when he was driven from Lantern Yard where he was a respected member of a church. Because of his cunning and foxy fried, William Dane, who weaves an accurate and concrete plot to fall him in a hollow snare to make him lose the faith in God and humanity. The time then skipped quickly back to the original point, settling on the description of Silas Marner working as a spider in his cottage against Stone Pits in a village of Raveloe. His work at first is only a solace or relief, but soon he starts to win gold for his lovely and accurate piece of work. He works day in day out, regularly, and harder and harder to gain and achieve more of it and save it in a bag under his floor. He becomes well known that he can cure people with herbs; he just wants to help Sally Oats, but he cannot help them anymore. Therefore, people believe that he causes other misfortunes, and he is connected with evil. Hence, he figures out that he is farther isolated from his neighbors more than ever.

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Squire Cass is a greatest man in Raveloe. He has two opposed and different sons, Godfrey Cass and Dunstan Cass, the former is handsome and good-natured whereas the later is a sneering and disagreeable young man. He is grumbling and drinking a lot. He steals Silas Marner who works day and night, sixteen hours a day to store that big fortune of gold, and Dunstan Cass who is a grumbling and drinking man, after he had killed his brothers horse, Wildfire, passes the weavers cott age in the intention of borrowing a lantern and attempts to get some money from the weaver, but as he accosts the cottage, he finds its door unlocked, the candle burning slowly and the chimney worming every cottage corner. He wonders where Silas Marner left without at least locks the door. The money idea flashes in his mind as an arrow. He immediately starts seeking quickly until he finds Silas Marners treasure. When Mr. Marner comes back and discovers that his money has just been robbed, he directly reckons once again that an unseen power has robbed his gold. However, he sticks to the idea of human robber. Finally, the arrival of Eppie near the hearth makes Silas Marner think that she is his gold. She actually comes to recompense what has been lost. She follows the light which is appearing from Silas Marners opened cottage door and gets in when Mr. Marner is in his cataleptic fit. After he discovers her mother death in snow; and she is fatherless, he undertakes to raise her as his real daughter. This adoption causes a wormer feeling for him. In Raveloe, she plays a communication caravan role within Raveloe society. In addition, Silas Marners gold with Dunstan Casss body has been found sunken in Stone Pits near Mr. Marners cottage. The ending of this plot is comedy because the storys protagonist is happy and wealthy. He wins a lot of gifts which allowed him to get back his money, throws away his isolation, becomes so famous between Raveloe people, fulfils the contact with each individual, and obtains an extremely beautiful and faithful adopted daughter who determines to live with him after she marries with Dolly Wi nthrops son, Aeron.

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The second plot exposition is Raveloe. It begins within the climax of Silas Marner plot. Its protagonist is Godfrey Cass. He is the oldest son of Squire Cass, the greatest and wealthy man in Raveloe. Godfrey Cass is a handsome and good-natured young man with twenty six years old. He commits a mistake as he secretly marries a drug and wine addicted young woman who is called Molly Farren. Godfrey Cass is always being bothered by his brother, Dunstan Cass, who robs Silas Marners money. He is called by his nickname, Dunsey. He is a cunning and foxy young man. He is gambling and drinking. This man always upsets and threatens his oldest brother to make their father acquainted with his secret marriage. Godfrey Cass is afraid of Nancy Lammeter to be aware of his hidden fact. If she knows the matter, she will not ever accept to engage with him. She is very pretty, caring, and stubborn, and she demands an ideal man. Godfrey and Dunstan dispute about a loan which Godfrey lends Dunstan. This amount of money is lent from one of their fathers tenants. Their father must be very angry if he knows such bad thing. That is why; both Godfrey and Dunstan agree to sell Godfreys hours, Wildfire, to raise the cash. Instead of selling the horse, Dunstan rides it in chase and kills the animal on stake. Lest his brother blames, he decided to borrow some money from Silas Marner, the proprietor of stored gold. However he steals it when he finds the good opportunity. As soon as Godfrey knows about the death of Wildfire, his personal horse, and his brothers disappearance who is supposed to fetch the money after he sells the horse, he determines to confess to his father about Wildfire death. After years succeed one after another and Nancy has still not delivered any baby, Godfrey seizes the occasion to suggest to adopt Silas Marners adopted daughter. Nancy refuses that, desiring children from her flesh and blood, but when Dunstans body with Mr. Marners robbed gold has been discovered sunken in the Stone Pits in the vicinity of Silass cottage, Godfrey becomes obliged to inform Nancy that his brother is found drown in Stone Pits, and his brother is also the thief of Mr. Marners gold. In this atmosphere, he finds it so appropriate opportunity to reveal his old secret

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that he is Eppies real father, and he hides the matter because he is scared that she will not accept him as husband. Finally, in spite of Godfreys confession, Nancy does not perform any reaction. She promises to assist him to make his abandoned daughter love him although the mistakes that he commits against her and her miserable mother. The emptiness of the real father has already been substituted by a compassionate father as Silas Marner. When Godfrey and Nancy attend Silas Marner cottage to inform Eppie with fact, she does not care and easily rejects her real father who does not care about neither her nor her mother to stick to her affectionate father Mr. Marner for whom she request her fianc to live with him after their wedding forever. The ending of this plot is tragedy because the protagonist loses at the end of this interesting story. He cannot overcome inevitable failure although he may demonstrate grace and courage along the way. He loses one of his relatives because of his trivial mistakes and beliefs. He loses his wife and admiration because of his lies and his daughter.

IV.2-The setting
The setting is the time and place in which the action of a certain literary work unfolds. Silas Marner novel covers a long period of time, over thirty years, but this period of time can be divided into three sections. The first one is about the time in which novel unfolds, depicting Silas Marner living in his solitude and working very hard in his remote cottage. This span of time is succeeded by a flashback to the time of fifteen years old when Silas Marner leaves Lantern Yard. After that, the time then turns quickly to the normal chronological order of the story, exactly on November afternoon. A portion of the events takes place between then and New Years. Nevertheless, the narrator denotes to a brief event that succeeds when Silas Marner raises Eppie. Sixteen years are the skipped.

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The location of the novel is in the Lantern Yard and Raveloe. Lantern Yard is a place where Silas Marner passes the first part of his life. It is a big manufacturing town in the North of England. The author does not indicate to the specific name of city only to mean all the cities which are producing goods. Even if this location has a substantial significance for Silas Marners raise and development, Mary Ann Evans gives it a very trivial, scanty, and short depiction. Lantern Yard is a place of weavers life and the evangelist sect he belongs to. The chapel with its white washed walls is situated in a narrow alley which is an appropriate believe in narrowness. They believe the Divine is superior to human intercourse. That is why, when the congregation meets, the members sit in little pews, segregated from each other. They shape an isolated small community within the big city. After thirty years, Silas Marner comes back to his home town with Eppie. He discovers a big change has occurred. Small houses and Lantern Yard has vanished. The only building is still erected as historical monument is the prison. This alludes to the progress of industrialization, and this also denotes to the growing of open mindedness of the people. Eppie does not like the place and finds the conditions of living very repulsive and disagreeable amidst the noise, the movement, and the multitude of strange, indifferent faces20. In addition, the house of their depressing doorways erecting so close together, the unpleasant scent dominating in the street, any sight of the sky being presented by the grim walls of the jail, makes a complete unpleasant impression on her and remember her lovely native village, Raveloe, Shoe Lane is just the place where conspicuously some craftsmen still live little brush shop, can view broader strip of sky21. Hence granting a more positive impression than the rest of the town, here some people can still be explored, unlike the nameless mass of sallow begrimed face17 looking at them walk. Silas Marner assigns just the brush make to quest Lantern Yard. The author must be hereby connotatively implying that the development of industrialization ruins people and renders them unable to communicate. The simple people as Mr. Marner and Eppie lose their bearing in the onslaught of development.

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20. Silas Marner, George Eliot, p. 214 21. Ibid

Raveloe is the place where Mary Ann Evans, George Eliot, grows up. It reflects a landscape of the farming country of English Midlands. Its old-fashioned customs forces its villagers to live in isolation and separation. They are not far from civilization. The Casses upper-class always visits the neighboring towns. The two classes in Raveloe live different worlds, the Squire Cass in red house is the place of the gentrys world, and the Rain bow Pub is the place folks world. The Raveloe gentry stand for antique British social class, the Squire archy, very rich rural landowners who have and use the authority of local political power, and they do not depend on the aristocracy. By Eliots own time, the class had almost been destroyed and removed. The system of Raveloe class is smoothly and indirectly inserted. Rainbow is too a location where upper-class man drink. The villagers are occasionally invited to the red house parties and ceremonies. Everyone can attend pray meeting in the church, and they can also hear the some gossip at Wheelwright.

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22. Ibid

IV.3-Characters
Characters can be a person, an animal, or a personified object that performs a part in the action of literary works. Characters can also be round characters, protagonist, antagonist, and adjuvant, who is one whom an author has fully developed. These two kinds of characters are displayed through characterization technique which is split into direct characterization in which an author comments in a straightforward manner of the nature or a character, and indirect characterization in which an author allows readers to draw conclusions about, accounts on the characters own words and actions and conduct on how other characters react to them. This performs according to character traits, motivation, and point of view. Major characters: Silas Marner : Silas Marner is a double-edge sword. He is not only a weaver, but he is a herb healer. These traits are regarded by the villagers. Watch how his sorrows over his robbery and his care of Eppie pull him into village life. The big portion of the novel, Eliot focuses on the passages where she dissects Silass psychological processes. She explains how he felt when he left Lantern Yard, how he became a miser, how he reacts to the theft of his gold, how Eppies presence heals him and draws him back into the main stream of life. She gives a medical reason for his fits and shows how his poor vision often confuses him. In comparison to her analysis of Godfrey Casss mind, of course, Silas psychology seems rudimentary. But those who think Silas is realistic points out that Eliot is trying to portray a limited mind stunned by a poor education and a life time of careless work.

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The debate over Silas realism goes on and on. But it seems clear that Eliot is sympathetic toward him. She constantly shifts from his perspective to that of the community sounding him and back again to show how misunderstood he is. She shows that he once had a mother and a sister in childhood. Silas does not act in grand sweeping gesture, but Eliot interprets the strong emotions lying behind his timid little actions. Thus, by the time he makes his meek, stammering appearance at the Rainbow to report his theft, we have already seen him go through an internal agony of disbelief and despair at home. Even though quietly tells Eppie that she herself must choose between him and her real father, Godfrey, Eliot makes you feel how hard this is for Silas, how devastated he would be if he lost her. Though he is only a simple linean-weaver, she feels his story is worth telling. Godfrey Cass: Godfrey is in many ways the direct opposite of Silas. He is young, handsome, well-known, and charming. The villages admire him, even when they suspect he is not acting right. Unlike silas, who is alone in the world, Godfrey has too much family. He has a gruff father, a troublesome brother, a wife and child he does not want, and a sweetheart anxiously waiting for him to propose. Silas works hard. But Godfrey has no particular work to do while Silas endures his exile from society. Godfrey is impatient and moral coward Whereas Silas is unjustly punished, time and again Godfrey manages to escape punishment, even for sins he has committed. Some readers, therefore, see Godfrey as the villain of this novel. His weakness sets Dunstan on a path that ends with Dunstan robbing Silas. While Silas is grieving over his lost gold, Godfrey is relieved because Dunstan has disappeared. He is relieved, too, when his wife Molly is found dead in the snow, because she clears the way for him to marry Nancy lammeter. At the end of the book, Godfrey selfishly tries to take Eppies rejection, for having lied to the word for so many years. Dunstan Cass:

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Godfrey is not the villain of this novel, perhaps his younger brother Dunstan is. Godfreys sins are all passive. He decides not to do something whereas Dunstan actually commits bad deeds. He squanders the money Godfrey lends him, and then he destroys Godfreys horse while hunting. Finally, he steels Silass money. Eliot shows the twists and turns of his reasoning, just as she does Godfre ys. Both think selfishly, but while Godfrey is aware of more of moral considerations, Dunstan just calculates what he can get away with. Eliot shows him mostly in upper-class settings, so his vices seem a product of his class. Yet even his own family and friends do not seem to care when Dunstan disappears. His nickname, Dunsey, sounds like dunce and Dunstan does not seem very bright. He allows himself to be propelled by circumstance, which he thinks of luck. He does not plot to rob Silas, but when the opportunity comes his way, he takes it. Soon after, however, he falls into the stone-pits and is drowned. Nancy Lammeter: For several chapters, you do not actually meet Nancy but just hear of her as the girl Godfrey wants to marry. She is presented as the proper, socially respectable partner for him, as opposed to his secret wife Molly. Even crude square Cass approves of her. When Nancy finally appears in chapter eleven, the reader may be in for a surprise. Eliot enters Nancys thoughts, to show that she is a gentle, sensitive girl, insecure and confused about Godfreys courtship. Gunns sisters see that she is pretty, well-mannered, and neatly dressed. Nevertheless, she disapproves of their low-cut dresses, and they disapprove of her country dialect. She is clearly part of her country environment. She has the signs of hard work on her looks and character in glowing terms. Her only faults are a touch of pride and inflexibility. Dolly Winthrop:

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Dolly Winthrop represents Raveloes value of what an individual should be. She is hard working, skillful, and so efficient that she has time left over to care for her neighbors, Silas. She does not hesitate to give advice and get involved with other peoples lives. She is motherly, not only toward her own child Aaron b ut toward Eppie. As a wife, she is tolerant of her husbands drinking but fairly independent. She knows that she is not scholar, but she earns great respect from Silas for her ability to see matters clearly, almost instinctively. Dollys friendship with Silas demonstrates concretely how the village gradually accepts him. Dolly serves another function, too. She is the spokesperson for Raveloes religion, holding it up against Silass Lantern Yard beliefs. Dolly believes in religion without knowing the fine points of doctrine. While the rituals of the church comfort her, she concentrates on good deeds here on earth rather than on a relationship with god. She makes Silas look up on his life with this kind of long range view, showing him that all his sorrows were simply a path leading to his finding Eppie. William Dane: William Dane is one of the narrow religious sects members who are situated in the manufacturing town of Lantern Yard. He is very respected and revered by Silas Marner. Even if people declare that he commits many mistakes, Silas Marner's confidence prevents him to success of distinguishing them. One day Silas Marner's cataleptic fit happens during the prayer meeting, William Dane spots that this trance looks like a visitation of Satan than an evidence of divine favor. Silas Marner accepts this humiliating deduction in silence and without any kind of reaction. The both friends are chosen to be in the charge of the night watching one relieving another until the morning. When Silas Marner takes his turn in the night watching, William Dane finds it good occasion to perform his mischievous plot. He steels the money of the deacon and leave Silas's knife in the crime place. Unfortunately in the time the deacon dies, Silas Marner is caught by his cataleptic fit. He himself suggest to the church council to refuge to drawing lots to discover either Silas Marner criminality or
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innocence. He does not help him when he asks him to explain for church council that he is innocent. He scornfully demands him to be patient. He makes his faithful friend dismissing from the church exiling and then he marries his fianc. He does all these bad deeds in spite of his devote to this narrow religious sect which indeed express its false understanding of the main principles of heavenly religion.

Sarah: Sarah is Silas Marner's fiance who breaks off their engagement when Silas is declared guilty. She later marries William Dane. She is a young servant woman, waiting only for a little increase to their mutual savings in order to their marriage' 20. But when Silas is accused and the church confirms that he is guilty, their engagement which is known to the church is broken. She must be an example of the unfaithful and unhelpful women. She does not support him. She disappoints him especially when she marries his enemy. She does not care about his emotions. She considers him as an object which has no feeling. From this data George Eliot lets the reader discover the brutality, harshness, and carelessness of this character. She participates in Silas's complexity. She also shares in the development of raising action because she makes the protagonist suffer from some internal conflicts which imply the trust in false people. She may also refer to those material women who seize the opportunities to fulfill their personal purposes without caring about other's existence. She can be with William Dane considered as antagonist because they cause some harm to a very innocent and sensitive man. Eppie: Eppie is Godfrey Cass's biological daughter by a secret marriage. Her mother, Molly Farren, is an opium addict. She is found dead under chill in snow taking overdose of her favorite drink, opium. She suddenly appears in Silas's life as a savior.

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She indeed plays a significant role in his daily life. She is a means that makes him in contact with the Raveloe people. She indirectly compels him to throw away the isolation dress in order to put on the light white dress. She comes to him as a reward of what he has lost before. As soon as he finds her sleeping near his hearth, he thinks that she is precious lost treasure which makes his heart cheerful in the first eye contact. When she grows enough to be bride, she decides not to leave his affectionate adopter. She refuses and rejects her biological, coward father when he and his wife, Nancy Lammeter, come to confess and repent to her and promise to render her a lady. She neglects him as he has done to her and her mother before and she confirms her stickiness to that lucky, fortunate, and pale face man. She would not marry Aaron Winthrop if he did not accept Silas to live with them forever. Molly Farren: Molly Farren is the miserable, vengeful wife of Godfrey Cass. She is opium addict. Molly determines to reveal herself to the Squire Cass with her and Godfrey Cass's child in her arms, but she freezes to death before she can expose herself to all Raveloe high society. The wedding ring she wears is kept by Silas to be given to Eppie. 'Molly knew that the cause of her dingy rags was not her husband's neglect, but the demon opium to which she was enslaved, body and soul, except in the lingering mother's tenderness that refused to give him hungry child' 22. She is one of the lower class who finds rest in confession of their mistakes. She does not make Godfrey responsible for her poverty and misery. She forgets that the husband should be helpful and advisor for his wife. She forgets also if she want to marry one of the upper class, she have to struggle desperately to win the upper class rank to avoid their criticism. She cannot be accepted even by his father, Square Cass. When Godfrey Cass does not want to accept her as an openly wife but only he marries her secretly, she decides to seize New Year Eve as on occasion to deliver publicly their secret marriage and oblige him to admit her innocent pretty little child in front of all the audience who, of course, consist of gentry. But this expectation has not been fulfilled because she takes an over dose of her potent opium drink. She dies before she can

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achieve her dream to leave her lovely little child to one of her class who indeed plays a significant role in her education. Aaron Winthrop: Aaron Winthrop is the Dolly and Ben Winthrop's oldest son. He is one of those boys who fascinate the questionable sound of Silas's loom. At the age of seven, with his mother visits Silas Marner in his cottage. Although he is afraid of Silas's pale face with those large brown protuberant eyes and their dreadful stare, he sings a Christmas Carole for him, applying his mother request. Later, at the age of twenty four years old, Aaron is Eppie fianc. He offers to help her and Silas makes a garden. He and Eppie marry at the end of the novel. He accepts Eppie's suggestion which is that Silas is going to live with them forever. Squire Cass: Squire Cass is the most respected and wealthiest man in Raveloe, but he is a selfish and self-centered man. Known for his temper and his condescending attitude, the squire does not seem to care very much for his sons, only for his money. He allows his sons to do pretty much what they please because he does not care what happens to them as long as his tenants are not involved. Squire Cass stands for upper class paradigm. He patronizes almost all Raveloe people. His legacy makes him very important person. No one in Raveloe can judge or comment on his trivial or luxury behaviors he performs. His carelessness and entertainment he conveys to his sons makes them rise badly. He motivates his oldest son, Godfrey Cass, to marry Nancy Lammeter who belongs to the same social status. He must be very angry if he knows about his son's secret marriage with that opium addict, Molly Farren. Minor characters: Jem Rodney: Jem Rodney is the Raveloe poacher. In Raveloe he is the first one discovers Silas Marner's cataleptic fit. This mole catcher confirms that he sees Silas Marner's eyes
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are set like a dead man's when he is turning homewards. He depicts how Silas Marner's countenance is during this case. Since he is in Silas's cottage so often he is the first one Silas Marner accuses of his robbed gold but his innocence comes true because of his existence in Rainbow during robbery performance. When Silas Marner calms down and convinced that Jem Rodney has been until now with Rainbow attendance, Silas Marner repents and asks him pardon.

Sally Oates: Sally Oates is the wife of the town cobbler. Silas passes their house and sees that Sally is suffering from heart ache and dropsy. He gives her medicine made from herbs. He cures her and makes her sleep like a baby. Sally Oates is thankful because he makes her avoid doctor's deficiency. This traditional medicine which consists of herbs that 'could have no efficacy without prayer'23, Makes the villagers suspicious that he knows and cures folks' rheumatism if he has mind. Sally Oates gives Silas Marner an occasion to deliver one of mysteries to Raveloe society. Bryce: Bryce is the person who buys Wildfire, Godfrey Cass personal horse. He is the messenger to bear bad news to Godfrey Cass about his horse's death because Dunstan's carefulness. He buys the horse for a hundred and twenty. He tells him that he always likes the horse. Unfortunately the horse is dead because of Dunstan's impulsive behavior. He himself attends to make Godfrey Cass aware of this bad news. He knows that Dunstan Cass wants to sell the horse without Godfrey Cass knowledge. He tells him that the horse is dead but his brother is safe. He ultimately bid him a good day and wishes he may bring him better new another time. Mrs. Osgood:

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Mrs. Osgood is the sister of Mr. Lammeter and aunt of Nancy and Priscilla. She is one of the New Year Eve guests. She has the opportunity to stay to see the rustic beauty's toilette. She is a minor character who has no influence on events stream.

Mr. Macey:
Mr Macey is 'tailor and parish clerk'23. He is a respected working class man. He is the person whom Silas Marner asks for justice after he has been robbed. He visits Silas soon after the gold is robbed and he tells him that Silas's gold will turn up. Mr. Macey witnesses the bridal party. He is delightful to see Silas's gold return as he predicts. Mr. Macey has a brother who is called Solomon is a fiddle and he lives in anther village.

Mr. Snell:
Mr. Snell is the Landlord of Rainbow. He is a peacemaker in all arguments. He always tries to calm down the opponents. When Silas Marner is robbed and Jem Rodney is accused, he attempts to make Silas be relaxed and control himself before he may commit some mistakes. Thanks to Mr. Snell, Silas can realize that he accuses Jem Rodney wrongly. He does not distinguish between people. He servers both classes the upper and low. He recalls that the peddler's tinder box is similar to that is found near Silas's house. He indeliberately accuses this innocent peddle by his assumed suggestion.

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23. Ibid

The peddler: The peddler is the person who is suspected in the complexity about Silas's stolen gold because of his tinder box. He is a flat character. He is static during the story events. He does not develop or change because the author does not create for him a full development. Fowler: Fowler: is one of Square Cass's tenants. He gives his dues to Godfrey, but instead of giving Fowler's arrears for this week, Godfrey gives them to Dunstan. Mr. Lammeter: Mr. Lammeter is Nancy and Priscilla's father. He is 'tall erect father'
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. Nancy

had been used to see in her own father who 'was the soberest and best man in that countryside. Unlike Square Cass, Mr. Lammeter is serious and responsible. He knows how influence his daughter positively. He raises his daughter in patience and responsibility. They are both sharing in the farm hard work. In spite of Nancy's delicacy and beauty, she is the best worker in his father's farm. Priscilla becomes very smart and quickly answers. She criticizes the Gun sisters as they are ugly.

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 24. Ibid

Gun sisters: Gun sisters are invited to New Year Eve at Square Casss Read House. They are being the daughters of a mother known to their mother. They could not find any single deficiency to criticize Nancy Lammeter except her hands which bear the traces of butter-matting and cheese-crushing. They are offend by Priscilla's blunt words that they are ugly.

IV.4-Themes:
Religion: Silas is considered as a sword of double edge. He experiences Lantern Yard religion mode and Raveloe religion mode. In Lantern Yard, the religion is mixed with a kind of hypocrisy and superstition. Firstly, Silas is known for his devotion and faith for his chapel and religion. All people believe that his cataleptic fit is something related to the divine devour. He believes and reveres everyone and everything has an association with his church which makes him fail to see the people's faults, particularly William Dane. One day when William Dane finds a good occasion, he makes Silas Marner guilty by his preferred church. Instead of seeking the rational causes that make deacon death, they simply depend on that means which is drawing lots. This primitive way of justice
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justifies their hypocrisy and superstition. All what happens to Silas is because of his diabolic cunning action of his friend. He does not only make Mr. Marner excluded from the church but he also marries his fianc to make him depart Lantern Yard and loses faith in what he has believed and trusted in. Thus, Silas feels that he is persecuted by everyone in Lantern Yard and he believes that there must be injustice in this world which relies on hypocrisy and superstition to fulfill the justice between people. This way of justice in Lantern Yard makes a deep cut in Silass soul and memory. Even if he is in Raveloe society he tells Dolly Winthrop about the drawing lots to achieve justice. He also upsets when he returns to Lantern Yard to clear his old mystery and confirms his innocence; he does find neither church nor minister. He tells Dolly that he cannot make those people aware of his innocence of what they thought is not true. In Raveloe Silas Marner discovers the lax and careless attitude of those people. There people are not regular in church going. However, the church is their social centre. They are influenced by this kind of religion. They work, think, and act according to their religion. For example, although Dolly Winthrop follows church, she does not figure out it basic principles. Silas Marner does not success to realize the link between religion and Christmas day when Dolly visits him and begs him to attend church and give up weaving on Sunday. He is not taught the religious meaning of the Christmas day as a man in Lantern Yard. Hence, he does not know why church bells ring on Sundays or why Christmas Carle are sung. He reckons whom the child that he finds in his home near hearth must have some interpretation with his dead sister. He also thinks that Eppie is sent to him to recompense what has been lost. Although Mr. Marner cut umbilical cord with the religion, he promises Dolly to Christianize Eppie and he is going to do whatever is needed for Eppie's welfare. Trust: Silas Marner's trust is multilayered. This trust should be chosen carefully and attentively. Silas Marner trusts in his cunning friend, William Dane who is not pious. Mr. Marner is blinded by his friend and religion. He sees only good sides in all
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people. According to him the relationship between him and his friend is pure and suffers no chill. This blind trust costs Silas betrayal by his false accusation and Sarah's broken engagement. This makes him lose trust in both human kind and religion. He departs this unjust place seeking for peace in a new place. He joins the village of Raveloe. In this village, Silas Marner leaves his door unlocked, for he trusts that no one would be outside walking in this snowy, rainy weather. Consequently, no one would come in and steal the gold, but Dunstan Cass takes advantage of Silas's trusting in nature and he steals the gold. Silas rushes off to town to make people be informed that his money is robbed. He trusts in people to return his money. The town people believe the story that Silas relates, for they feel sorry for him. Godfrey Cass believes and trusts Silas's capability of comforting and enjoying his daughter, Eppie. Light: Light holds within its folds happiness. Silas Marners devotion to his religion and his friend, William Dane, are what makes Silas Marner be delightful in Lantern Yard. He feels that he is respected and well liked. His friend and his church stand for a warmth and kindness. The gold that Silas stored gives him satisfaction and joy. It represents the real happiness. Silas feels a genuine enjoyment in spreading his gold in front of his eyes and counting it. His heart jumps in delight when he sees the little girl sleeping in hearth. The little child also follows the light which spreads from Silas's cottage. For the first time of his life in Raveloe, Silas Marner lives in love, warmth, and happiness. His emotions become deeper and stronger than his emotions toward his gold. Eppie's love makes Silas Marner discover that strong link between him and his adopted daughter. This relationship has turned his life around for better. He thanks God so much for this precious gift. Eppie indeed plays a crucial role in Silas's warmth of his spirit and soul. Eppie's love puts trust back on Silas's soul.

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Conclusion:
All in all, the narrative structure is a tool which the writer implements to facilitate the understanding of process of narration for the reader. This technique takes many frames through writers way of writing. Form of Old Testament Literature (FOTL) volume on Genesis uses a more classical tripartite division. It is exposition, complication, and resolution. It is borrowed from standard literary criticism. It may seem to be correlative with Aristotles beginning, middle, and an end. Aristotle uses this model to analyse tragedy plays. But some of narratives covered by Robert Bernard Alter two parts model. (You had better omit this sentence; it is fragmentedlacks a verb) All these rules which have been operated to produce a text are replaced by Gustav Freytag, German novelist and playwright, pyramid model. This kind of model gives a text a more accurate division. Thus, a text becomes easier to be understood. This strategy makes the reader comfortably follows( hayed (s) hit causative verb the text events. Follow instead; make is a causative verb which is followed by bare infinitive; this mistake recurs along your paper. Consider causative verbs and Articales- definitae articals( the). References 3awedhoum kamlin; The author, Tiltle in italic, Publisher, date of publication. Example: Diane Larsen-Freeman, Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching, Oxford University Press, 2000

The reader can analyse Mary Ann Evanss novel, Silas Marner, through Freytags pyramid model to understand its text easily. It consists of five parts: the exposition holds within its holds the setting which is split into narrative time and place. Characters can be revealed through round and flat characters through direct or

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indirect characterization technique. Conflict is manifested in two types, internal and external conflict, then Raising action, climax, falling action, and denouement.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aristotle, the poetics, 6, quoted in K. Egan, what is plot? in New York literary history 9:3
(1978), p. 472 n. 4. Egan. What is plot? p. 455. Egan. What is plot? p. 455. w. f. Thrall and A. Hibbard, a handbook to literature, (New York : odyssey, 3rd end, 1996) p. 358 H. James? The Art of fiction and other Essays, p. 83

Egan. What is plot? p. 455. Egan. What is plot? p. 456. Egan, what is plot ?, p. 470 R. Alter, the art of biblical narrative (New York : basic books, 1981) M. H. Abrams, A Glossary of Literary Terms (New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 4th
edn, 1981)

Holman and Harmon, A Handbook to Literature, p. 26 Coasts (ed.) , saga, legend, tale, novella, p. 144 Used by D. Green in his translation of C. Westermann, the Promises to the Fathers : studies
on the Patriarchal narratives (Philadelphia : Fortress Press, 1980), p. 29

Holman and Harmon, A Handbook of Literature, p. 116 Coasts (ed.) saga, legend, tale, navella, fable, p. 65 Coasts (ed.) saga, legend, tale, navella, fable, p. 65
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