! ! ! !

Andersonville Prison! Dylan Lestoric! &! Samuel Marquina! Junior Division! Group Website!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

During the Civil War prison Andersonville (or Camp Sumter) was one of the most feared places for somebody to go. Is was considered one of the Civil War's greatest tragedy since it but it violated many prisoners rights. We always wanted to do our project on prisoner of war camps, and we found about Civil War POW prisons, more specically Andersonville. This is something that is often ignored in Civil War history. Textbooks ignore Andersonville, the prisoner exchanging, and the man behind the cruel prison, Henry Wirz. This topic is very important since it focuses on prisoner rights and how this prison violated most of them.! ! Our research consisted of diary entries, many books, and online articles. I personally was surprised by the number of diaries made by prisoners , some even wrote entire books. We got many books from local libraries. We found a great amount of diaries online on history websites and on Google Books. We also found about a dozen of articles on the prison on many websites. Some of these websites were also used for getting photos and pictures of the prison and the prisoners.!

Of all of my sources we found three to be the most important. The most important source was the book an Andersonville Journey which describe in detail the conditions of the prison, the command of Henry Wirz , and the trial of Henry Wirz. Another source was an article about the actual history of Andersonville and how it became. It was hard to nd other sources that included the prison's actual history ,like why it was built, and who it was built by. .The last important source was a diary by a 15-year-old guard at the prison. His diary explains things like the water the prisoners drank, and why there was no shelter, it was very detailed.!

We did not have many problems while doing our project. We even got an extra amount of sources to use. Although one slight problem was going from library to library looking for the right books. It took us about a two weeks to have all the research done. Then it took another week to analyze the information and have it ready for the website. It took us about three days to make the website, since we had to nd pictures and make the website look appealing.! ! Since this years theme is "Rights and Responsibilities" we chose Andersonville prison. Not only did Henry Wirz not accomplish his responsibilities as the head of the prison to take care of his prisoners. But the prison violated many prisoner rights.Another important thing was that Wirz was the only man hanged during the entire war for all the crimes committed. Andersonville is an early example of POW camps in the U.S, later there

would be more during WWII. This would all lead to the Geneva Conventions which set rules and standards for POW camps .We focused on this topic since it deals with prisoner rights during the Civil War.!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

! Primary Sources! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Annotated Bibliography!

Compton, James R. Andersonville. The Story of Man's Inhumanity to Man. Des Moines, IA: ! Iowa Print., 1887. Print.! This book was written from a soldier's point of view who was a guard at Andersonville for a while. It also talks about events in the war with much detail.! "Diaries and Journals of the American Civil War." Diaries and Journals of the American ! Civil War. Norte Dame University, 17 June 2011. Web. 20 Jan. 2014.! Many of the summaries on the site shed light on many points of view in the war. Many of these men wrote them while being held as prisoners of war.! Frye, Kevin. "Andersonville Civil War Prison." Andersonville Civil War Prison. Angelre, ! n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2014.! Many facts about Andersonville like service time, men lost, men served, and even the nancial problems are listed. It tells of the overcrowded conditions at the camp where the prisoners stayed.! Gosset, Thomas A. "An Andersonville Diary." An Andersonville Diary (1885): n. ! pag. Wabash College. Web. 9 Dec. 2013! A collection of the journal/diary entries by Thomas Gosset. One of the survivors of the infamous Andersonville prison. He was captured twice by the Confederates. The diary entries going chronological order from capture to release. I read these through the online version through the Wabash College site. The information was used for the prisoner life part of the website.! McElroy, John. Andersonville: A story of rebel military prisons, fteen months a guest ! of the so-called Southern Confederacy : A private soldier's experience in ! Richmond, Andersonville, Savannah, Millen, Blackshear, and Florence. Toledo: ! D.R. Locke, 1879. Google Books. Google. 15 Dec. 2013 ! <http://books.google.com/books?id=Kw26tv1WP7sC>.! A special collection of memorabilia by Andersonville prison survivor John McElroy, it was written and edited by him. The writer narrates his suffering and all of the horrible acts of the prison and of the prisoner themselves. It is a very a sad book and very detailed. I found the book online through Google Books. I used the information for details on the structure of the prison.! McElroy, John, Roy Meredith, and Henry Wirz. This was Andersonville; the true ! story of Andersonville Military Prison as told in the personal recollections of ! John McElroy, sometime private, Co. L, 16th Illinois Cavalry. New York: ! Crown, 1957.! A book containing edited by Roy Meredith about the journals written by John McElroy about his survival at Andersonville prison. The book includes photographs from the prison

as well as drawings. John McElroy ( a journalist for the Toledo Blade) enlisted in Company L, 16th Illinois Calvary. He was captured by surprise with his company while guarding a supply route. He spent the rest of the war in prison. In the book he talks about his escape attempts and the everyday struggle to stay alive. I use the book for information on prison escape attempts and the everyday killings at the prison. !

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Park, L.M. "THE REBEL PRISON PEN AT ANDERSONVILLE, GA." Sumter ! County History. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2013! Secondary Sources! A very interesting newspaper article written from the point of view of a young guard at Andersonville prison. This article does not talk about prisoner life but instead talks about prison itself. It talks about the prison's features and structure. It even talks about the water the gave the prisoners. I used the online version of the article to get information on the present structure and features (The prison itself).! Ransom, John L. Andersonville Diary, Escape, and List of the Dead with Name, ! Co., Regiment, Date of Death and No. of Grave in Cemetery. Auburn, NY: ! Author, 1881. Google Books. Google. Web. 9 Dec. 2013.! John Ransom wrote a collection of diary entries. It is one of the most famous Andersonville diary entries known. He later published these entries into a book in 1881. Where he explains the prison, his friends at the prison, and also the deaths of the prisoners. Just one of the largest Andersonville diary collections. I use the online book on Google Books for details about the prisoner life.! Segars, J. H. Andersonville, the Southern Perspective. Atlanta, GA: Southern Heritage, ! 1995. Print.! This book is written from the perspective of confederate prison guards at Andersonville. It is very long has rare information.! Tisdale, Henry W. "CIVIL WAR DIARY OF SERGEANT HENRY W. TISDALE, 1862-1865." ! Civil War Diary. N.p., 7 Oct. 2001. Web. 20 Jan. 2014.! This diary told of the life of the Civil War Sergeant. It told of the hardships of the war and how many battles took place.! Voorhees, Alfred H. "The Andersonville Prison Diary of Alfred H. Voorhees, Co. ! H, 1st N.Y. Cavalry." The Andersonville Prison Diary of Alfred H. Voorhees, ! Co. H, 1st N.Y. Cavalry. (1864): n. pag. Localhistory.morrisville.edu. 8 Sept.! 2005. Web. 9 Dec. 2013.! These diary entries are you transcript of the original diary entries done by the author's sister, Rebecca. The author, Alfred Voorhees was taken to Andersonville and died of disease there on August 13, 1864. The diary has short daily entries. I used to part of it to get information on how the prisoners were treated. ! Wirz, Henry. Trial of Henry Wirz. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 1868. Print.! !

This book talks mainly about the trial and death of Henry Wirz. It explains all the bad things he did and all the things he was blamed for during the Civil War. It was very long and interesting, since it talked about who he was and his history.!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Secondary Sources! "Andersonville." History.com. A&E Television Networks. 15 Dec. 2013 ! <http://www.history.com/topics/Andersonville>.! This website contains articles, videos, and other multimedia to talk about Andersonville. It computations general information about the prison and videos that explains the prison. I used the general information for the project. The videos were very helpful for understanding many things about the prison.! "Andersonville Prison." Civil War Trust. Council on Foreign Relations, n.d. Web. 20 Jan. ! 2014.! This websites was about general facts about Andersonville prison. It included some quotes and pictures. It was reliable since it was from the Civil War trust.! Baneld, Susan. The Andersonville Prison Civil War Crimes Trial: A Headline Court Case. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow, 2000. Print.! This book was very useful since it talked about the trial of Henry Wirz. It talked about the court case and how Henry Wirz was killed. In addition it talks about American POW camps and Andersonville's legacy.! Bruno, Anthony. "Andersonville Prison." A Baby Born in hell Crime Library ! on truTV.com. 15 Dec. 2013 ! <http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/classics/andersonville/! 1.html>.! This is a simple yet long article about the key facts of Andersonville prison from prisoner life to medical conditions to guard placement. This article was easy to understand, realistic and very useful. It includes photographs of the prisoners and the camp that I used.! Davis, Robert S. "Andersonville Prison." New Georgia Encyclopedia. N.p., 21 Jan.! 2003. Web. 09 Dec. 2013! This brief encyclopedia explains Andersonville prison in various aspects. It describes the prison's conditions, the prisoner life, the prison history, and the prison security. It even described what happened to the prison after the war. It included pictures and photos which I also used along with the information. I use the online version on the New Georgia Encyclopedia website.! !

! ! ! !

Futch, Ovid L. History of Andersonville Prison. [Gainesville]: University of ! Florida, 1968. Print.! This book describes the history of Andersonville prison in depth. In detail he talks about the medical care, trials, prison conditions and many more aspects of the prison. I used this book for research/information for the project.!

! Gold, Susan Dudley. Human Rights. New York: Twenty-First Century, 1997. Print.! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

This book talks about what human rights are and how they were violated during many wars such as World War I and World War II. It mentions the Geneva conventions which set the standard for prisons! Hall, Yancey. "U.S. Civil War Prison Camps Claimed Thousands." National Geographic. ! National Geographic Society, 1 July 2003. Web. 20 Jan. 2014.! This article talked about how prisons during the Civil War destroyed the life of soldiers. Many POW camps killed large amounts of people.! Hay, Brenda Smelser. "Andersonville Civil War Prison." Andersonville Civil War Prison. ! Census Diggins, 2008. Web. 9 Jan. 2014.! This website was short and had interesting facts on the prison. It also gave me some sources I used. Like diary entries and books about the prison. I used the sources for a couple of facts, but it had no pictures or photographs that I could use.! Hickman, Kennedy. "American Civil War: Andersonville Prison." About.com Military History. ! About.com, n.d. Web. 07 Jan. 2014! This article was very helpful. It was one of the few articles which contained the prison's history. Like why it was built, where was it built and why, and who built it. It was brief but very useful.!

! "Henry Wirz Hanged." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2014.! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

This article talks about the trial and the death of Henry Wirz. Why he was on trial and why he was blamed for so many crimes.! "History and Legal Status of Prisoners of War." National Parks Service. National Parks ! Service, 09 Jan. 2014. Web. 19 Jan. 2014.! This article is very important since it talks about the legal status of POW during the Civil War. It also talks about their legal status as of today and even other wars.! Kennedy, Jackie. "A Loss of Freedom: Andersonvilles prisoners of hope." Georgia Magazine. July 2003. 15 Dec. 2013 ! This article describes Andersonville prison in depth. It includes parts of journal entries by David Kennedy a prisoner in Andersonville. It also talks about Clara Barton who visited the prison on a medical trip. The museum an the Andersonville Historic site is also another topic of the article, it talks about the parts of the museum and the different exhibits. I used the information about the museum and Clara Barton for the project.! !

Lundquist, Jack, and Carol Lundquist. "Andersonville Records." Andersonville Records. ! Civil War Prisons, n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2014.!

! ! ! ! ! ! !

This website allows you to search for diary entries about Andersonville. It was very useful since it provided many sources and interesting information.! Minesotahistory. "Andersonville and Civil War Prisoners." YouTube. N.p., 3 June 2013. ! Web. 28 Jan. 2014.! I used this multimedia clip for the website. I edited the clip up into two parts, one was about the prisoner exchanging and how it worked. The other 45 second part was about how the prisoner exchange system broke and how it affected Civil War prisons especially the prisoner of war camps.! "Prisoner of War (POW) (international Law)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. ! Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2014.! This encyclopedia entry talks about the history of prisoners of war. From the most earliest of times to now prisoners of war have been main part of many wars. Such as World War I, World War II, the Korean War.!

! ! Roberts, Edward F. Andersonville Journey. Shippensburg, PA: Burd Street P, 1998.! !

This book is very useful, it includes a detailed map of the prison. It also includes photos of the prison, monuments, executions, the prisoners, and cemeteries. The book analyses many important events of the prison such as important trials and executions. I used this information for the project.!