Making Abu Bakr Commander Of Hajj

The two sheikhs mentioned that Hameed bin Abdur Rahman bin Awf said that Abu Hurayra told him that Abu Bakr had sent him (Abu Hurayra), during the hajj of which the Pro het (!) made Abu Bakr Amir a year before the "arewell Hajj#$%&', with some men in the (ay of )mmolation to inform eo le that no olytheist would be ermitted to come to hajj and no one was to go around the *aaba nakedly after this year+#$&,' Al-Bukari mentioned another tradition narrated by Hameed that Abu Hurayra had said. /Abu Bakr sent me among a grou of callers to 0ina#$&$' in the (ay of )mmolation to announce that no olytheist would be allowed to come to hajj and no one was to go around the *aaba nakedly after this year+ Then the Pro het (!) sent Ali after us to inform of sura Bara1a+ Ali announced with us to the eo le of 0ina in the (ay of )mmolation+2#$&3' 4o wonder if the 5mayyads1 olicy im osed u on Abu Hurayra and Hameed this falsehood and no wonder if they both 6olunteered to do that+ )n fact Abu Hurayra went to (amascus, the ca ital of the 5mayyads, trading with his goods (traditions), which sold well there+ Pro aganda against )mam Ali (as) and the rogeny of the Pro het (!) was the best rofitable trade for the charlatans there+ Hameed was formed by the hands of 0u1awiya to carry like these traditions+ He retended to be ious and abstinent+ He was fond of hearing from )mam Ali (as)1s enemies+#$&7' He was like the bitter 5mayyad enemies of )mam Ali (as)+ )t was not strange of him because he was their son+ His mother was 5m *ulthoom bint#$&8' A9aba bin Abu 0a1eet bin Thakwan bin 5mayya bin Abd !hams+ !he was the sister of al-:aleed bin A9aba+ His grandmother was the mother of ;thman bin Affan+ Her name was Arwa bint *uray< bin Rabee1a bin Habeeb bin Abd !hams+ His father, Abdur Rahman was against )mam Ali (as)+ !o no wonder that Abu Hurayra and Hameed agreed to s read this falsehood, which the mercenaries transferred to e6erywhere faster than the wind+ :hat in6alidated this tradition that Abu Hurayra (before he enjoyed the leasures of the 5mayyads) said.#$&=' /) was among the delegation that the Pro het (!) sent with Ali to inform of sura of Bara1a+2 His son, al-0uharrir asked him. /:hat did you inform of>2 He said. /:e announced. /4o one enters Paradise e?ce t the belie6ers, no olytheist is to come to hajj after this year, no one is to go around the *aaba nakedly and whoe6er has a co6enant with the Pro het (!), it will be 6alid for four months+#$&@' ) cried of that until my 6oice became hoarse+2 This was his true tradition mentioned in the historians1 books and of those, who collected the Hadith+ He did not mention Abu Bakr+ He said that the ilgrims, whom the Pro het (!) sent to 0ecca, were under the emirate of )mam AAli (as), the same emirate, which Abu Hurayra ascribed to Abu Bakr+ )f Abu Hurayra was sent with )mam Ali (as) by the Pro het, what would be the meaning of his !aying (Abu Bakr sent me with other callers in the (ay of )mmolation of that hajj) and his saying (then the Pro het (!) sent Ali to follow after us and call out with us)> )t was not but a contradiction+ #$&B' (They desire to put out the light of Allah (swt) with their mouths, and Allah (swt) will not consent save to perfect His light) &.73+ )nshAllah (swt), ) will clear the truth of this tradition to you in some oints. Firstly: it is to clear the reality of the task (the send with Bara1a) in summery+ :hen sura of Bara1a was re6ealed to Pro het 0uhammad (!), he sent Abu Bakr to recite it in the day of the greater hajj in front of all the attendants and to declare the dis ensation of Allah (swt) and his messenger from the co6enants between the 0uslims and the olytheists, no olytheist would be ermitted to come to the *aaba, no one would enter Paradise but the belie6ers and no one was to go around the *aaba nakedly+ :hen Abu Bakr went with Bara1a not so far, Allah (swt) re6ealed to the Pro het (!) that no one would carry out his di6ine tasks sa6e him or a man of his family+ The Pro het (!) called for )mam Ali (as) and ordered him to follow after Abu Bakr and take Bara1a from him, then to go to 0ecca to carry out the task himself+ The Pro het (!) ga6e )mam Ali (as) full authority to be the emir of hajj in that year#$&%' and to gi6e Abu Bakr the o tion either to go back to 0edina or to go on with the ilgrims+ )mam Ali (as) rode the she-camel of the Pro het (!) called al-Adhba1 and followed after Abu Bakr+ Abu Bakr asked )mam Ali (as). /:hy did you come, Abul-Hasan>2 )mam Ali (as) said. /The Pro het (!) ordered me to take the 6erses of Bara1a from you and to go to 6oid the co6enant of the olytheists+#$&&' Cou are free to return to him or to go with me+2 He said. /) return to him+2 Ali went to 0ecca with the ilgrims of 0edina+ Abu Bakr went back to 0edina+ He said to the Pro het (!). /Cou honored me with a thing ) looked forward to it, but when ) went to do it you ordered to bring me back+ (id Allah (swt) re6eal to you something about me>2 The Pro het (!) said. /4o, but Dabriel(!) told me from Allah (swt) that no one would carry out my di6ine tasks sa6e me or a man of my family+ Ali is of mine and so he will do instead of me+2 Traditions with this meaning were fre9uently narrated by the infallible imams+#3,,' Secondly: some of what was mentioned by the ublic (the !unnis) confirmed what we mentioned abo6e+ Here is the saying of Abu Bakr as clear e6idence+ He said. /The Pro het (!) sent me with Bara1a to 0ecca to announce that no olytheist was to come to hajj after this year, no one was to go around the *aaba nakedly, no one would entered Paradise sa6e the belie6ers, whoe6er had a co6enant with the Pro het (!), it would be 6alid until its date and that Allah (swt) and His a ostle were ac9uitted from the olytheists+ ) went away for three days then the Pro het (!) said to Ali. /"ollow after Abu Bakr and let him come back to me+ Take Bara1a from him and go to inform of it+2 :hen ) went back to the Pro het (!) in 0edina, ) cried and said to him. /(id some thing ha en about me>2 He said. /4othing but good ha ened about you+ But ) was ordered that no one was to carry out my di6ine tasks e?ce t me or a man of my family+2 This was the tradition of Abu Bakr#3,$'+ (o you think that his crying and emotion went well with making him emir of hajj> or with e?cluding him from that> !uch was the tradition of )mam Ali (as)#3,3' when he said. /:hen ten 6erses of Bara1a had been re6ealed to the Pro het (!), he called for Abu Bakr and sent him to recite them for the eo le of 0ecca+ Then he called for me and said. /"ollow after Abu Bakr+ :here6er you get him, take the book from him and go to recite it for the eo le of 0ecca+ ) caught u with him and took the book from him+ He went back to the Pro het (!) and said to him. /; messenger of Allah (swt), was anything re6ealed about me>2 The Pro het (!) said. /4o, but Dabriel told me that no one would inform of the re6elation e?ce t me or a man of me+2 )mam Ali (as) said in another tradition.#3,7' /The Pro het (!) sent Bara1a to the eo le of 0ecca with Abu Bakr then sent me after him and said to me. /Take the book from Abu Bakr and go to 0ecca+2 ) caught u with him and took the book from him+ He went back de ressedly to 0edina+ He asked the Pro het (!). /:as anything re6ealed about me>2 The Pro het (!) said. /4o, but ) was ordered that ) would inform of it or one of my family+2 Another tradition narrated by )bn Abbas, who rotested against the o onents of )mam AAli (as) and began to talk in details about the 6irtues of )mam AAli (as) and the conditions of referring him to the whole umma after the Pro het (!)+ He said.#3,8' /Ethen the Pro het (!) sent Abu Bakr with sura of at-Tawba (Bara1a) and sent Ali after him to take it from him+ The Pro het (!) said. /4o one will go with it sa6e a man, who is from me and ) am from him+2 Ali1s o onents ga6e in to )bn Abbas+ )f Abu Bakr was the emir in that year, they would not gi6e in to )bn Abbas+ They found his e6idence definite, so they submitted to him+ )bn Abbas, once said. /) was walking with ;mar somewhere in 0edina, when he said to me. /; ibn Abbas, ) think that your com anion ()mam AAli (as)) is wronged+2 ) thought that ) would not let it go in 6ain+ ) said to him. /; Amirul mu1mineen,#3,=' gi6e his right back to him+2 He ulled

out his hand from mine and went away murmuring for a while and sto ed+ ) followed him+ He said. /; ibn Abbas, ) think they re6ented him that (the cali hate) because they found him too young+2 ) said. /) swear by Allah (swt), that Allah (swt) and His a ostle didn1t find him too young when they ordered him to take Bara1a from your com anion+2 He left and hurried away+2#3,@' and their grandfather )mam AAli (as)+ They decided to kill him+ He fled to his uncle 0usFab bin Abdulla bin 0usFab and asked him to beg al-0uFtassim, the Abbasid cali h, to safeguard him but his uncle didnFt res ond to him because his uncle was not like him in his enmity to the Alawites+ (This was mentioned by ibnul Atheer in his book atTareekh al-*amil-al-0uFtassimFs biogra hy)+ His father Bukaar was a bitter enemy to )mam Re<a+ )mam Re<a in6oked Allah (swt) against him+ He fell down from his castle and broke his neck+ His grandfather, Abdullah bin 0usFab ga6e a fatwa to Haroon ar-Rasheed, the Abbasid cali h, to kill Cahya bin Abdullah bin al-Hasan+ He said to ar-Rasheed. /; amirul muFmineen, kill him and ) will be the res onsible for him+2 Ar-Rasheed said. /He has a co6enant with me to safeguard him+2 He said. /He doesnFt deser6e that+2 He ulled out the document of the co6enant from Cahya by force and tore it with his own hands+ )t was the enmity they inherited, one after the other, from their grandfather Abdullah bin a<-Gubayr until it reached a<-Gubayr bin Bukaar, by which he got the fa6or near al-0utawakkil by choosing him to educate his son al-0uwaffa9+ Al0utawakkil ordered to gi6e him ten thousand dirhams, ten wardrobes of cloths and ten mules to carry his baggage to !amarraF+ He educated his son al-0uwaffa9 and wrote him his book al-0uwaffa9iyyat, which was e?cellent wonderful book that we 9uoted from it much, in this book and other books+ )) How brilliant he was when he o6ercame the cali h with this elo9uent argument+ He did not let any way to the Hali h to answer so he turned away and left hurriedly+ )f his com anion was the emir of that season of hajj, as Abu Hurayra retended, he would not lea6e hurriedly unless he knew the truth, because he was with Abu Bakr when he left towards 0ecca with Bara1a and when he returned before achie6ing the task+ !o he knew e6ery thing about that e6ent more than any one else+ ;nce al-Hasan al-Basri was asked about )mam AAli (as)+ He said. /:hat can ) say about him, who owned the four 9ualitiesI being entrusted with Bara1a, the saying of the Pro het (!) to him in the battle of Tabouk, the Pro het1s (!) saying to the 0uslims. /) ha6e left to you two im ortant thingsI the holy Jur1an and my family2 and the fourth that he always was the commander and he was ne6er commanded by any one while the others (Abu Bakr, ;marE etc+) were commanded by the leaders+2#3,B' )t was well-known that al-Hasan al-Basri was sincere to Abu Bakr and de6oted himself to s read his 6irtues+ )f Abu Bakr was the emir of hajj in the year of Bara1a, al-Hasan al-Bassri would not hide that and would not witness to Ali that he was ne6er commanded by any one and would not im ly that Abu Bakr was commanded by the others+ )f you ins ected his s eech, you would know that he a reciated the entrusting with Bara1a and thought that it was an attribute concerning Ali and no other than him was well-9ualified for it+ :hen the com anions commended Ali in 0edina during the reign of Abu Bakr and ;mar, they mentioned this attribute as one of his 6irtues and no one debated with them about it+ !a1d (bin Abu :a99as) said.#3,%' /The Pro het (!) sent Abu Bakr with Bara1a+ :hen he assed some of the way, the Pro het (!) sent Ali after him to take it and go with it to 0ecca+ Abu Bakr became uncomfortable+ The Pro het (!) said. /4o one is to carry out my di6ine tasks sa6e me and a man of my family+2 Anass (bin 0alik) said.#3,&' /The Pro het (!) sent Bara1a with Abu Bakr, then he called for him and said. /4o one is to inform of this e?ce t a man of my family+2 He called for Ali and ga6e it to him+ Kamee1 bin ;mayr al-Laythi asked Abdullah bin ;mar about )mam AAli (as)+ )bn ;mar scolded him and said. /This is the house of the Pro het (!) in the mos9ue and this is the house of Ali+ ;nce the Pro het (!) sent Abu Bakr and ;mar#3$,' with Bara1a to 0ecca+ :hile they were on their way to 0ecca, a rider came+ They asked who he was+ He said. /) am Ali+ ; Abu Bakr, gi6e me the book, which is with you+2 He said. /)s there anything wrong about me>2 Ali said. /) don1t think but good+2 Ali took the book and went to 0ecca+ Abu Bakr and ;mar went back to 0edina and asked the Pro het (!). /:hat ha ened about us>2 He said. /4othing ha ened about you sa6e good, but it was re6ealed to me that no one was to carry out my di6ine tasks e?ce t me or a man of my family+2 The books of Hadith mentioned clearly that Abu Bakr returned to 0edina uncomfortably and was afraid that something was re6ealed to the Pro het (!) about him+ This didn1t fit that he was the emir of that season of hajj+ But the ro aganda against )mam AAli (as) was so strong that it made a great effect during the beginning of )slam+ Thirdly: the ac9uittal of the co6enant with the olytheists brought great results to the 0uslims+ As well it brought )mam AAli (as) more glory and highness near all of the Arabs, when Allah (swt) and His a ostle chose him to do this task es ecially after the bringing back of Abu Bakr+ 0any other 9ualities confirmed that Ali was the best one of the umma and the closest to the Pro het (!) ali6e or dead+ :hen the Pro het (!) ac9uitted the co6enant of the olytheists, re6ented them to come to hajj and to 0ecca and declared that Paradise was rohibited for them, the religion became com lete and the state of the 0uslims became better and stronger than e6er before+ The 0uslims gained honor and glory+ The fury of the olytheists was re osed and their necks submitted to the 0uslims+ !o the religion was all for Allah (swt), glory be to Him+ Allah (swt) willed all that to be achie6ed by His sla6e and His a ostle1s guardian, Ali bin Abu Talib, to e?tol him, to show his 6irtue, to e?alt his fame, to declare his great significance, to a6e the way to entrust him with the cali hate and to declare ractically in the ne?t year that he would be the cali h after the Pro het (!)+#3$$' The fame of Ali s read among the Arabs like the light of morning, for the ac9uittal of any co6enant, according to their rules, was to be done by the chief, who had concluded that co6enant, and no one other than him could do that e?ce t that, who re resented him or would be his successor, who must be bra6e and strong, didn1t fall into error and didn1t doubt in his decisions or when he broke or confirm the 6erdicts+ :hat would guide you to all that was the saying of the Pro het (!) to )mam AAli (as) when he sent him to take Bara1a from Abu Bakr. /Mither ) go with it or you go+2 )mam AAli (as) said. /)f it must be, then ) will go+2 The Pro het (!) said. /Do off+ Allah (swt) will confirm your tongue and guide your heart+2#3$3' )t was clear that the task, which wouldn1t be carried out e?ce t by the Pro het (!) or by someone like him (in status) was a 6ery great task that Ali won a 6ictory by achie6ing it+ He o6ercame the timeI no one would recede him and no one would come u with him or look forward to his osition+ He, who ins ected well the bringing back of Abu Bakr from the task, would find the truth clear+ )t was to say that the Pro het (!) certified the reason when he said. /Dabriel came and said to me. /4o one is to carry out your di6ine tasks sa6e you or a man of your family+2 )n the Arabic te?t he used (LAN ), which means (will ne6er)+ The meaning of the tradition is (no one at all is to carry out anything (of the di6ine tasks) instead of you e?ce t a man of your family)+ )f you say that this tradition might concern this 6ery task only and not any task in general+ :e say that this tradition was not the only tradition ha6ing this meaning+ The likes of it were many+ )n the (ay of Arafa#3$7' of the farewell hajj (the last hajj of the Pro het) the Pro het (!), from abo6e his she-camel, tried to attract the ilgrims1 attention to inform them of their resort in order to com lete his mission+ He called them loudly+ They all turned towards him with their eyes, ears

and hearts+ He said. /Ali is from me and ) am from Ali+ 4o one is to carry out my tasks e?ce t me and Ali+2#3$8' :hat an entrustment that it was light for the tongue but hea6y in the scale+ )t ga6e Ali the authority to carry out the Pro het1s (!) own tasks and made him be entrusted with the Pro het1s (!) secrets as Aaron was for 0oses but Ali was not a ro het but a 6i<ier and a guardian, who conducted like his ro het and judged among eo le instead of him+ That was a to , which Allah (swt) and His a ostle didn1t let anyone other than Ali ascend+ (..then look again, can you see any disorder ! Then turn "ack the eye again and again# your look shall come "ack to you confused while it is fatigued) @B.7-8+ The Pro het (!) raised Ali to a le6el much higher than the le6el of the umma+ He mi?ed his flesh with his own flesh and his blood with his own blood and his hearing, sight, heart and soul with his own when he said. /Ali is from me and ) am from Ali+2 This was not enough for him until he said. /4o one is to carry out my tasks e?ce t me and Ali+2 He ut e6erything in this saying and made eo le ercei6e what he wanted to say+ )t was no wonder of that, for Allah (swt) said. (And certainly $e chose them, having knowledge, a"ove the nations and $e gave them of the communications wherein was clear "lessing) 88.73-77+ Let the rudent ins ect this co6enant well to know that it was no less in im ortance than the traditions of the day of Dhadeer+ The carrying out of the Pro het1s (!) tasks, which concerned the Pro het (!) and Ali only and was rohibited for the others to do, was itself the legal e?ecution with infallibility like the infallibility of the holy Jur1an+ !o it was a definite e?cuse that the umma had to obey as they obeyed the orders of the holy Jur1an+ This was confirmed by the saying of the Pro het (!). /Ali is with the Jur1an and the Jur1an is with Ali+ They ne6er se arate2#3$=' and his saying. /0ercy be u on AliN ; Allah (swt), turn the rightness with Ali where6er he turns+2#3$@' And many other traditions like that, which declared the infallibility of )mam AAli (as)+ (%ur Lord& we "elieve in what Thou hast revealed and we follow the apostle, so write us down with those who "ear witness) 7.=7+ Fourthly: the enemies of Ali, who wronged him and tried to defame him, as well as Abu Hurayra, who flattered Ali1s enemies, all distorted this tradition and turned his 6irtues aside from him+ His enemies of the hy ocrites and his o onents, who broke their homage and fought him in the battle of the Hamel, those who rebelled against his rule when they fought him in the battle of !iffeen and the *harijites, who reneged from the right way of )slam, altogether tried to do that+ His enemies, es ecially the dominants like 0u1awiya and his com anions, em loyed their mercenaries to distort )mam AAli (as)1s 6irtues as ossible as they could or the mercenaries themsel6es flattered the 5mayyads by doing that+ Ali had no guilt and they would ne6er be e?cused for Allah (swt) honoured Ali by these high 9ualities because he reached a high osition near Allah (swt) by his faith and jihad+ They couldn1t ut u with the glory and honour of Ali and the 9ualities he ownedI his sincerity to Allah (swt), to the a ostle and to the umma, his ersonality, his 6irtues, his kinshi with the Pro het (!), his wife and his rogeny, so they tried their best to defame him and to distort all his 6irtues+ The scor ions of en6y cre t into the hearts of the hy ocrites+ The sons of the li6ers eater#3$B' occu ied the to of the enmity to Ali+ They didn1t lea6e any way to fight him, to disgrace him and to incite eo le against him+ They ad6anced in their cunningI broke their homage to him, de ri6ed him of his legal rule and killed his rogeny+ They turned their backs to what the Pro het (!) had ordered them to lo6e and obey+ :hat they committed against him filled the s ace and co6ered the earth+ All that didn1t satisfy them until they. announced curse u on him, like the announcement of )9ama+#3$%' :ould they not in6ol6e themsel6es in the holy !unna where they tore e6ery thing referred to referring )mam AAli (as)> They decided, with no e6idence, that the true traditions were false+ They inter reted the clear ones according to their wishes+ They accused the narrators of being o ositionists+ They distorted much of the !unna and changed the fair meanings of the traditions as what Abu Hurayra mentioned in this tradition when he said. /Abu Bakr sent meEthen he sent Ali after us to announce with usE2 as if Ali was, in that season of hajj, just one of the callers sent by Abu Bakr to call out with Abu Hurayra+ )t was no wonder of Abu Hurayra for his boldness in in6enting traditions and directing them ornamented with the brocade that the rabble liked and the general olicy referred and s read by the false ro aganda+ (idn1t he transmit the 6irtue from Ali to Abu Bakr flattering the go6ernment and endearing himself to the ublic by in6enting what leased them> :hat a doing he didN He gagged the mouths to s eak a word of the truth for fear of the ublic to lot against them and the go6ernment to re6enge then+ And what about thenN Abu Hurayra wanted by his tradition to swee away the honoured osition that Allah (swt) and His a ostle chose Ali for in that season of hajj+ He tended to say that. !" The task# $hich Ali $ent to carry out# $as by the command of Abu Bakr# $ho $as the emir of hajj as Abu Hurayra %retended& That Ali didn't suffice to do the task so Abu Bakr sent Abu Hurayra $ith some of the strong and hard men like Abu Hurayra to take much care about it& (3) Ali had nothing more than what Abu Hurayra and his grou , who were sent by Abu Bakr, had in that task, because they did the same as he did+ )t was enough to refute this tradition that Allah (swt) saw Abu Bakr was not suitable for that task+ He re6ealed to the Pro het (!) to bring him back and to choose one of the only two efficient men for this taskI either the Pro het (!) himself or his guardian Ali+ Abu Hurayra, before he was em loyed to ser6e the 5mayyad ro aganda, told of this e6ent without mentioning that Abu Bakr was the emir or e6er mentioned him+ He retended that he and the other callers were with Ali+ Refer to his tradition mentioned abo6e+ :e don1t trust in both of his traditions nor that he called out in the (ay of )mmolation or that he e6er attended that season of hajj at all+ ) swear by Allah (swt) that we do ne6er trust in whate6er he narrated+ Fifthly: The olitical ro aganda, during the 5mayyad reign, had committed a serious crime against the ro hetic traditions besides what their mercenaries in6ented of fabricated traditions to flatter the rulers and how hard they tried to make the tradition of Hameed narrated from Abu Hurayra be true+ )n6enting traditions was a good craft for the adulators to li6e by+ Those adulators had a skill to ornament and romote their goods (traditions), which no one felt of at that time e?ce t the discerners and how few they wereN Behind those adulators were the mercenaries of those, who collected and wrote down !unna and Hadith, the flattering learned ones, the hy ocrites, who retended to be ious and abstinent like Hameed bin Abdur Raman, 0uhammad bin *a1b al-Jardhi and the likes, the chiefs of the tribes in the towns and the sheikhs of the clans in the desert, who whene6er heard anything from those adulators, s read it among the ublic and the rabble of the new con9uered countries, told of it from u on the minbars, de ended u on it as e?cuse and regarded it as base of !haria+ The trustworthy faithful ones had nothing to do but to be silent

in front of those flattering mercenaries, who were defended by the rulers+ )f those oor were asked about what the liars in6ented of traditions, es ecially that talked about the 6irtues of Abu Bakr and ;mar, they would fear the ublic, who followed the rulers blindly, if they said the truth+ They would fear the flattering and the flattered ones+ Thus many facts were lost many heresies were ke t as bases of the !haria+ This heresy, of Hameed and Abu Hurayra, was the best lucky to be the stronger against the Pro het1s (!) family+ They fabricated many other traditions ha6ing the same meaning and ascribed one of them to Ali himself, the second to his cousin Abdullah bin Abbas, the third to his com anion Kabir bin Abdullah al-Ansari and the fourth to his grandson, the inheritor of his knowledge, )mam 0uhammad al-Ba9ir+ )t was a cons iracy that the enemies of Ali used to do and they ke t on it to disgrace the Hashimites without letting the ublic know the truth+ The eo le, who came after them, collected those traditions as they were and wrote them down admiringly+ They regarded what they had collected as true traditions inattenti6ely+ The defect of the series of narrators of the tradition, which was ascribed to )mam AAli (as) was Abu Gar1a :ahab bin Rashid+ He was so hostile to )mam AAli (as)+ He ac9uired the hostility to the Hashimites from his teacher Abu Ca<eed Cunus bin Ca<eed bin an-4ajjad al-)bli, the freed ser6ant of 0u1awiya#3$&'+ The defect in the series of narrators of the tradition ascribed to ibn Abbas was Abul Jassim 0u9sim bin 0aj<a1a+ He declared his enmity to )mam AAli (as)+ Al-Hakim thought that this man was one of al-Bukhari1s men of Hadith and mentioned his fabricated tradition ascribed to ibn Abas in his 0ustadrak+#33,' 0u9sim was not trusty as al-Bukhari mentioned in his book+ Ath-Thahabi in his book 0i<an al-)1tidal 9uoted from alBukhari and ibn Ha<m that this man was not trusty+ )bn !a1d said in his Taba9at#33$' that he was e?cessi6e in narrating traditions and he was not trusty+ Because he was not trusty, al-Bukhari and 0uslim didn1t mentioned his traditions e?ce t one mentioned by al-Bukhari that Abdul *areem bin 0alik said that he had heard 0u9sim saying. /)bn Abbas said. /Those, who didn1t go to fight in the battle of Badr and those, who fought would ne6er be regarded as e9ual+2 Al-Bukhari didn1t mentioned in his !ahih e?ce t this tradition of 0u9sim, certifying that he was not trusty+ He mentioned this tradition for it didn1t ha6e any legal 6erdict besides that it wasn1t said by the Pro het (!)+ The defect in the tradition ascribed to Kabir was Abu !alih )ss-ha9 bin 4ajeeh al-0alti+ He was offensi6e, malicious and e?cessi6e in lying+ He was so daring in fabricating traditions as mentioned by all, who wrote about the men of Hadith+ The defect of the tradition ascribed to )mam 0uhammad al-Ba9ir(!) was 0uhammad bin )ss-ha9, who mentioned the tradition in his biogra hy, which he filled with heresies and wonders that couldn1t be belie6ed+ Anyhow it was easy to refute these fabricated traditions for they were mean like their narrators+ Their te?ts were weak and contradictory to the fact of those, whom they were ascribed to+ )n fact they were contradictory to the traditions narrated by Abu Bakr, Ali, ibn Abbas, ibn ;mar, !a1d and Anass that we mentioned in the second oint of this cha ter+ )t didn1t fit the conduct of the Pro het (!), who did ne6er a oint any one to command Ali along his lifetime but Ali always was the commander and the bearer of the banner in all the battles of the Pro het (!)+ )t was different for the others like Abu Bakr, ;mar and others, who were under the commandershi of the teenager 5ssama when the Pro het (!) went to the better world+ )n the battle of That as-!alassil, they (Abu Bakr and ;mar) were under the commandershi of Amr bin al-Aass+#333' As for Ali, he was not commanded by any one along the life of the Pro het (!)+ The Pro het (!) didn1t send him with the army of 5ssama nor with the army of Amr bin al-Aass or the army of Abu Bakr and ;mar when he sent them to *haybar+ :hen they returned he sent Ali and both of them were under Ali1s commandershi until he con9uered *haybar+ :hen the Pro het (!) sent *halid bin al-:aleed to Cemen with an army and sent Ali with another army, he said to them that if they met, Ali would be the commander of the two armies and if they se arated each one would be the commander of his army+#337' Abdullah bin Abbas said. /Ali had four 9ualities that no one other than him hadI he was the first of the Arabs and the foreigners, who offered rayer to Allah (swt) with the Pro het (!), he was the bearer of the Pro het1s (!) banner in all of his battlesEetc+2#338' References. #$&,' #$&$' #$&3' Refer to al-BukhariFs !ahih, 6ol+$ cha ter of Hajj, section on no circumambulating naked, g+$&3 and 0uslimFs !ahih, 6ol+$, g+=$B+ A lace near 0ecca+ Al-BukhariFs !ahih, 6ol+7 cha ter of tafsir surat no+& al-Tawba or al-BaraFa, g+&,+

#$&7' He narrated from 0uFawiya, an-4uFman bin Basheer, al-0agheera bin !huFba, Abdullah bin a<-Gubayr, 0arwan and others like them+ His traditions were mentioned by al-Bukhari and 0uslim+ #$&8' #$&=' (bint) means. daughter of and (bin) means. son of+ Refer to al-HakimFs 0ustadrak, 6ol+3, g+$7$, ath-ThahabiFs Talkheess and imam Ahmed bin HanbalFs 0usnad, 6ol+3, g+3&&+

#$&@' The juris rudents denied this saying (it will be 6alid for four months) because what the s eech of )mam Ali (as) included at that day was (any olytheist has a co6enant with the ro het, it will be 6alid until its date, whate6er its eriod is and whoe6er has a co6enant without a limit of time, it will be 6alid for four months)+ )t was clear that Abu Hurayra didnFt attend the season of hajj to know what they announced of+ )t was ordinary for him, because many times he retended to attend the e6ents he talked about but, in fact, he didnFt attend them therefore he narrated them falsely+ #$&B' The contradiction between the two traditions was clear concerning the sender of Abu Hurayra and the other callers, the lace of the sendI 0edina or 0ecca and the date of the sendI either the (ay of )mmolation or before it+ #$&%' Refer to at-TabarsiFs book 0ajmaFul Bayan, 6ol+7, g+7+

#$&&' )f you say. why did the Pro het (!) order Abu Bakr to go with BaraFa to 6oid the co6enant of the olytheists in the day of hajj and then he de osed him before the time of hajj came> :asnFt that a kind of abrogation of something before the coming of its time of carrying out, which was im ossible for Allah (swt) and His a ostle> Hertainly notN The Pro het (!) sent Abu Bakr and then ordered him to come back and sent Ali instead, to add to Ali a 6irtue, which wouldnFt be so if he sent Ali from the first+ The same ha ened to Abraham+ Allah (swt) ordered him to slaughter his son+ :hen he tried to do, Allah (swt) re6ealed to him. (Cou ha6e indeed shown the truth of the 6isionI surely thus do :e reward the doers of good) and ransomed his son with a sacrifice and didnFt let him slaughter his son that Abraham was not, really, ordered, by Allah (swt), to slaughter his son but to try to do that to show eo le the 6irtue of Abraham and his son and there was not any abrogation in this matter+ The same was when the Pro het (!) sent Abu Bakr to con9uer *haybar then he sent ;mar, but they returned unsuccessfully+ The Pro het (!) said. /Tomorrow ) will gi6e the banner to a man, who lo6es Allah (swt) and His a ostle and They lo6e him+ He trium hed with hel of Allah (swt)+2 He ga6e it to Ali and Ali con9uered *haybar+ The 6irtue of Ali a eared much better than to be sent from the first+ There were many cases like these+ #3,,' Refer to Ali bin )brahim in his Tafseer, when he inter reted sura of at-Tawba (BaraFa) and sheikh al-0ufeed in his )rshad+

#3,$' #3,3' #3,7'

Refer to AhmedFs 0usnad, 6ol+$, g+3+ ibid+ 6ol+$, g+$=$+ mentioned by an-4assaFei in his book al-*hassaFis al-Alawiya, g+3,, imam Ahmed bin Hanbal and others+

#3,8' Refer to al-HakimFs 0ustadrak, 6ol+7, g+73, ath-Thahabi in Talkhees aal-0ustadrak, an-4assaFeiFs book al-*hassaFis al-Alawiya, g+@ and Ahmed in his 0usnad, 6ol+$, g+77$+ #3,=' Hommander of the belie6ers+

#3,@' )t was mentioned by a<-Gubayr bin Bukaar bin Abdullah bin 0usFab bin Thabit bin Abdullah bin a<-Gubayr bin al-Awwam in his book al-0uwaffa9iyyat, which he wrote for al-0uwaffa9 bil-lah, the son of al-0utawakkil, the Abbasid cali h+ )t was Allah (swt)Fs secret, which could ne6er be hidden and His light, which could ne6er be ut out that a<-Gubayr bin Bukaar himself mentioned such a tradition in his book+ )bn Bukaar was known for his enmity to )mam AAli (as) and the Hashimites+ He, who was asked by one of the Hashimites to swear between the holy tomb and minbar of the ro het and he swore falsely, therefore Allah (swt) afflicted him with le rosy+ He abused the Alawites (the descendants of )mam AAli (as #3,B' #3,%' #3,&' Refer to !harh an-4ahj al-Hameedi, 6ol+$, g+7@&+ Refer to an-4assaFeiFs book al-*hassaFis al-Alawiyya, g+3, and AhmedFs 0usnad+ )bid+ g+3, and AhmedFs 0usnad, 6ol+7, g+3$@+

#3$,' ;mar was a fellow to Abu Bakr at that time+ He was among three hundred com anions, who went away with Abu Bakr+ But ;mar was a close com anion of Abu Bakr, therefore he went back with him to 0edina+ The com anions, after the return of Abu Bakr, joined Ali, who led them as the emir to 0ecca+ The all witnessed that Abu Bakr returned to 0edina uncomfortably+ #3$$' The ac9uittal of the co6enant was in the ninth year of hegira and the Pro het declared Ali to be the cali h after him in the tenth year of hegira, when he was coming back from his last hajj+ #3$3' #3$7' Refer to AhmedFs 0usnad, 6ol+$, g+$=,+ The &th of (hul-Hijja, when the ilgrims erform certain actions on the mountain Arafat+

#3$8' Refer to )bn 0ajaFs !unan, 6ol+$, g+&3+ it was mentioned by at-Tarmithi and an-4assaFei+ )t was the tradition no+3=7$ in g+$=7, 6ol+@, *an<ul ;mmal+ )t was mentioned by Ahmed in his 0unad, 6ol+8, g+$@8+ #3$=' #3$@' 0entioned by al-Hakim in his 0ustadrak, 6ol+7, g+$38+ ibid+

#3$B' )t was Hind, the wife of Abu !ufyan and the mother of 0uFawiya+ !he tore the chest of Ham<a (the ro hetFs uncle) when he was killed in the battle of 5hud, and ate his li6er+ #3$%' ! ecified wordings to be recited before commencing the rayer+

#3$&' Abu 4asr al-*alabathi, Abu Bakr al-)sbahani and Abul "adhl ash-!haybani, who was known as ibnul Jaysarani, mentioned in their books that Cunus bin Ca<eed was the freed ser6ant of 0uFawiya+ Refer to )bnul JaysaraniFs book, g+8%=+ This 6ery Cunus narrated that Abu Talib was unbelie6er when he died+ Refer to 0uslimFs !ahih, 6ol+$, g+7,+ #33,' #33$' #333' #337' #338' 6ol+7, g+=$+ 6ol+=, g+78@ Refer to al-HakimFs 0ustadrak, 6ol+7, g+87 and ath-Thahabi in his Talkhees+ Refer to AhmedFs 0usnsd, 6ol+=, g+7=@+ Refer to al-HakimFs 0ustadrak, 6ol+7, g+$$$+