s!

qrns slounlDsu qr

lrrruvpr.Jdornl u sou-ipn!o].|qElaqarduotr@.11l
r)pu
tpqr

!a u

sleM.gl

Bu

lruexo ur

uErll

LplSotoqrIsd prD etrr:otoq tEea ,un

u.^.s.rrM.rrql

rPqrp.n'

L)sMour

sl.M !r lcpueuqorl.!rlo soruarodxa

aL0 8ur

ut 5oa6L rqlurpa!s, q.d Jca qr q^\lo lsou lpuP q prE!qo4aLll to slunoDr !13!at )ooq raLllo srrl puP trPuoSry ar.r^\ oq uoqa se.pr es.qr rno Pi)roM pltl r)s^\ou Pl\r ruarxtla or rp. r rcu sr t la^aMoH rpJr! lErrSooqtrisd llrl ot pq.rado suoDntrsur tFiros Moq ilPirsuouiP puE sloq u,{s a$!l.qursop ot srM ls PUo punl le)Sotoqrlsd JLll to )ts!l rl|l rprpuets dnorS or ]or^PLPq .nP ^ Ptr pl.ru
trp&od ui pJts.rJrLr arou
asaqr

rq sua.s iLt

ut.qlpue dnor! aqr,,le$a 616 | e ut us,teuoDrunllPtr otoLtrisd s! u^\ou) sr !o,t sod teJraro.ll s,i)tsaou lpl,l z
'paFqurusr rsaq s, )ooq s,Llr !tri!a rolSu,qlaql sdpqFd 'etn) rvr lo uo $nrs,p s,q su,3-q.! r,.H i.aod prD'I]Juos'lBpu ro suo,rou raqt Q .M se 1i lrqPq
ur or|M J docd lo ,,sarerii rGralrlp all PU! 'uo,8ar .qr Jo iqderBooBc{ tpoqtio 9trrp.sr, s,q !.snrs,p r)saourtpl.t lroarqlro sardelr oArrr,t puE uorDnporru Jqlut rfll -eJ utatsa$ aq lo slnPuaSty qderSouod zz6t Er)isaou rrv\ jo Frdew prLlr;!r sL ,.try .qllo s eDur$l ellii

Er!i,tlsltelvr5,Lrro,lru.lur lPnpr^p

ol piN.s os

qrrqM

/s

oqd,{s 1o isn

tunltnr o1poxn^lotr.r.M spr.t

elr LlSni,qr n) ^e!aq lPnPi^ pur ar.u rp..Lr

'

lzz6t ) .'l.rbd uarsa$

or l.ulslP r\r u' cLqe -rnJordun uauo 's.trrrlrn Jo rsqunu rEdS e rrql., -uc ol purlsr ;uo ruo4 Surlinrq 'ePB4 ,fieurPr., uo ,ireJ sr.\Jt!u aql rsDeL'lrru PUR slleqeure Jo )Bupq.xa lrnlr aqr rF],{ Jpls iq aPF 'snql ? s nr r3l PuE sauhoi)l: IrPPuoJeslo rr.lunr rB.$ E Pu'l i^! !a^oJ srr trrPUn ruoP Pue rr $!s PalBIJossE rnfl rP)t rqr 10 rrJdslr leluauePllnJ aql teu aql .l .,1)rr n oN rll r Jo )iu 's3^l.suaqr srlqlrnP^ aqr or oslt s.qddr.,Plnj e ur sic^ls 'etny o i aJuoj, rl&rurd aql leqr os 'iuroP Sulnas rr^a srl Jo uogl3nh ou sI raqr pue rsPneqsursueqr PU' sullla DI PuIroJ rq s{E$ uaNB lulr rurc;V rr'.$P -p [eu r bttlos lo 'yttlu p Euotalll pue ruraBlurJd q ualu o$l Llse^lr.q dnp:auurd r: pue,,'e1ny;qr rq sne,!I" qn)I aql ur a.uo,,3 r3q elu aqr 'dr$uorretar Btnx rq1 LIsr uU rou saop uoprc uouresuPrl ruo uorssis.od id !,,1 u' rull Jo Ln:u/r \u rol ')' 'u"e dq l! ur lllPouuol ou snql r;uoqrxa sdaat ra r ugttr nlrsoddo .L0 sa^r.Jar eq luotla urorl 'sr.u td srq Jo ruo l]1 L,o rr puBtt or slrq urqr PUB '(s:,srP LI,qs par Jo J..tp.tr) Davyros c ro 'ls eqs'utre) 1lril'd tEa,\cs ro 31ro sr rarrtr df.lnBer ron q3 noq1 ,{LF.Torird '!tnr atJl u! s! otls ueu fta$ oJ 'ariqf uo ur.rtr ss.d uaqr pue 'ru! lrous B rol uaqr plort 'spooB rq1 )^i.r.r {Es ()1 sr tlrqr Bl'1)

a\1 {o

srn,lotry

rorl

puB iparrodur arE daqr

lrll

aqr

erou s

{q prnDduoJre .: rln)t .q1 ro sr.e aruos pue tuoqxa uor pue sJlru puonpeaJo t.s p dq parel

Jo riqunu palruit sset ro ,{.rrnJ ur pul] pDrtsltuaaa uO 'eEBLlLr 'seruourajer Jltqnd pue Fntr ll:.filn alproqeta ue pue parT
suolr1rsucr1 .qr Jo llelap .fro,!a

q red .{er q.u

,tua^A ueql rol puc ss'rlJ raqro arp Jo srlJilp,(BA sri uo slcru 1ln)r) prsol. aql !o uoq..rlp tuo sr! ul st)^erl 11 slr 'selJll]E asaql

{8.r

sL

'salrrrp

qn) .qr to rurlui^olrr

P38ueq.ia Bnoq ,{puersuor sI

Jo

qreg td& Palter Ltrts iralM Jo slelrJerq rIFo aqr senou uo!r.rl? alsoddo aqr -puFI ,a,iros parrBr lloLls prr Jo sare|lJ.u Buol ur '

esarJr Jo auo dlruersuor s3 ou I'l.olJ E Io -sPlrDr spqlrq ;)rI Jo troprrrp aqr ul ruol]:)arp .rrsoddo ur :ulta^or IFur-'lsuoJ erE ',{tuo spuli o,{r .s.ql puB rspuDl or! Jo sePrlE'atnor srqr Euolv "rqnD aaNto pu31sDIaqr ro rsBF PUB qrrrrN iq1or sPuel -sr Jo r.qurnu r SuNro! seq .qr .{q Prrursarlrr si rr eraqs drht uo u.as a9 nBJ rrnuJ srrll 1nr. rutroJ qlq,s 'spuetsr Jo 8au ipLr t; 8ur 'rJ pasotr B ^ 'r!qequ: scurunlrmor Iq xo PeluEJ sr rL lral)l:rEll rrjrsua1{e lRq.Ir-rarur Jo 'r8ueqJs ro urol 1r sr EIqI aql r'3rurruoJrrd .qr or ParJord ,$.,d sn ral troDe eqr put 'ru3rs rtll paqFJsep snql B! 'rH

(zt6 l-tBBl) I)ls^\ONllvW i!\YrSlNoxg

apN zqt lo sl|,quassg aryI

'E

r 58

Jtz -+.1a

:a(f

NIAP

Thc Kuh ring and i! embftces I vdst (ompler of I ctivines. tuter corrected, and plaling inlo one adodler, so as !o Iorm one organic rhole.r

indispeisablc there. Further, there are other acdyines. prclimilary tD the Kula, or associated $ith it, such as the huilding ol sea-gohg canoes for the expcditions, cei.tain big lonns ofnortuarr
cereDoDies, dnd prcparatory taboos. the liula is thus an crtemelybig and compler institution, both in its gcographical e{ent, and jn

the manifoldness of iG comlonent putsuits. lt relds together a considoablc number of tnbes,

\ar it must be renenbered that what appears to us an ertensi!, coDplicated, and yet scll ordered hstitution is the outcoDre of ever so nany doings and plrrsuits, canied on by sarages, nho have no lans or ainr or characters deliniteiy laid doqn.a They hare no hor'ledge of the ,o,a/ oat'

thc Klla ii specifk prylhoogical ieeds. Thc dcgrcc to whlch psychologi.ai f!nltn,nalisnr is a.tua ly rcprescntcd !n,.lrgorruts is oncle& O. (heon. hafd, it istru.thatthe

ein some oi the sevcn Psy.hologlcal iuncrion! Malinosski e.uneates in l9J9: t ircrcd:r:
Kula do.s serve at

r M.linowski takcs pains throlghout this chapter to em phisize the s zc and complex ry ol the K!la. rris under stinding oi it was conditioned by Spencer! no&nr oi rh-nrial organism as a comp ex synem of intetre ated pr.ts.
a

al

thcir safct_v by sefting up .etworks of trad fg partncE and cs and miy aLow I{r nov.mcnt and 8ros,th. Of the othcr hand, Malin.wskjdoes notaddrcss these ssues nry

where n
ihem

t,A'autl

and thcrc s litte evidence he h.d

if

mind as he was writlfSthis book.

to see their entirc system. lt ilkes an ollsider, the ethnographer a.cod nE to Malinowski, to .ondu.t an objc.tivc analysis oi a soc ety

' .lividu r(liont.n{l dotivet but r.rble

L,J,','.1-i ,rl-'.

Not ce Mal nowski's chnrncterizition of tr Trol)ria.d ls

,"

-r,

rl-,.

DIsMou, !t{ iSotelP.$ 05 ! eroN llla6Ll 996tllrt,)os o8E^rt dr uo6rard;! plu rat u /{ioaql led pro s,pnarl
e .o!r.q 'pu.q riqloiLl} uo r)saourl.r'! |rlM p|or\i\ Sulnp )troqs talsto su,rr,^ qna )lDM srq u lnr.sn Pn.!

5aru. rs tP]slqd clr pur lqduSoulr. !$t$lJq sa).u

{n spuPllor1.qr Dorl.rtP p3nr pue pna! Jo

Iq patruinuu ua.q . pq lFu Ji$r Jlr uo uoudo s,r)s i(0t6t lL)t.u8il.s'!sa|Eqlrsalord Pue
^\ourtPl,! srq lq Pi9 aql
s,pnnr:l

)rex.

rrul

.{ot

trlsMo!rlEr,! ro, JSers a!|rs L/srrg -/. sd.riouE/a^ a{/l iluL !r\ 1016L).J!D! '1.N ,or,odJ q-t io.$t.' 'r.qpr H- ttr i .. r.o o P p-up'q"1. I \r'

purol dDuS,tas
q)

'qtrrasa)

U L)saou le^ ol J qD iD e oPeu sEM )roa ]o uour.t.s v lq8noL|.trll.!?oqrisd Jo riu.l ltrl lores sitEd,i !!diqs io a! lirLlM drusrsls alraz,{l.tD la^nralqo louuer uosrad e reql llLod ll sauirros urr rsaM u, -tdord rol.nr a! {)r rtd,r!ud ouPs aLl} p.^.rl.q aq xrt 'iraq e.pulF puErqorlaqrlo 3trui8L l.ltr.tll8ur -rrr8ruap lou sr r)s^louLlPt\'(6a {e$o aat ra}.| Lr.uor !

P^-

Ie! piolr. r.urnlrcttrr^llrtl

lu od

suoqnnrsu sI puE

iq trqloor ruo creJ or lqrsnrrsrP PUB Plu!] oor crra sa;eirs +l 10 '.nP s'tl Jo lno auoP 'rF rq o1 lou.Edlr)us lno;u.JooJ cdo,ija, taueq rralp ,iq rrqri ruoP srtll Pu'r sl,urlur rEIDHrr -r, 'J,pouseds ul 'paau ro LDTBsP Jo $.rls rJP -rn 'uc,rrqlBor .to riuourral rJJ'lu lnoqllli ruoP lseltrurt) ut InJrsn ro alqesurdsPul lo ,SuqJxr uorlou aPEq rarlr rucr rq lo Fd rBrjr Plnos to -:n: uo'd a aqr snq1, {Fr3iro' srJl"J ,tl1 dsBrl or r.Pio uL sPrse Paqs'rrq aq (]1 a^DrJ si:rPL Pa4ra.notr
auros

cia ':",pr'"1.,- Jo 1ol atoq.s E rlqr suoqPrlld -u, lu.rrtJlp iuBu os qrl$ JJn:lerqLl JrluouoJa \l- ,tLrr I'rn$ t,,, nt/pr3u,rtlr I rJiur' \ ur tJsr v," rr n uPJr PLL JturqJu rq J,lr I "t'onH.tu
'uor1Dlar&Il] rpl,u .{IurIrqJ
n s

'.!aPerr!. crl; ..q rr lr.rror ilrnb si srt[ rr]req lo suersds rrqlo eprs'juol rr PBU'rr a{ Poo ,-r.PErr lo turoJi, o I ln\ Jq n,rldJ Js u^rrn lurrul Jtlr ur !n lT r urq F rrrouo d \JU rur\ rEurd(lL rFLl$ punofi )rlr ',"1.) ur ! .\J'Ju \' rr PUF rJidnPr si uoocl::uorsru arucH srlurouorT ur ueqr Prrg Gdns rrou liulpuRlsrcpon rno PU ,quers rrou sr a8p)l,roul rno errq,{ .JII .^nru]Id Jo rrrn'' rJrlru or !l Jr lr Pue iunnrrr'Fur 'r Jr't,rrtll PU,: !JrrrlrlI Puo Lllr|J$ lu rb rr'\ ' -!r.,,1r rlI$ frd rJ'ru) \' Llrr\ 'rLlr \P !e((J):u .rou iql sl s!q:t PuV suou.tuJraP PaIeroP PUe ar.iJsor rr{rrnJ no ut tuBrBBtP ro !el.t Io os r sE a,urrs Ip!! qry aqt Jo uoorurJaP leraur8 aq.I, 'suournpui snorrogel por sauLnbq n-uol lo rlns

Pro{ aqr

-rr rqr slr paurelqo are sJruarajuL Pasl'reue! rsou )Lllar3q$ rlroa Pl.g J,LtduBouqlo uI eroP s!!lq1 \' .t!,)\!r lo rrPru Jrlr JrJr\J' n' PPtl I ir^n .,,rqJp N' 'uuJ n,rP rJPrr\qP J\ulr' -ql bunrn ul

II
65r
14stu

.qr Euouo 1sr. lo r^rradsrad rqirr aqr rsol ol tou rrpro uI.{lE.lJ lr dsuij ol,ness:}:}3! sl rI se 'aF{ rL palr.ilar $Eq l lnq (IA puE A suor -NC)nournpoJ1ul aqr u! poql;uJo rulod srql uo peq.nor.^pq I uoltererdrrlut luarnsuoJ e p3P..u rt.HA lnq ,{poqii.^J lo q:}rrr utqrrt asJq a^eq sIEAIe qrrLl^{ 't:1.p lEruru .Jir aql uorJ {roaql srq srcrulsuo. tsprsiqd cql s1r qJnu nc 'uolrnr -!srq BIq aqr lo artutld oqt rrr lsror or req r.qd uSouqla aqr 'un:3y suogiesut]4 erp ItE lo salnr pur s.rpl rqr rno PUS ol 's! leql lellursscul PUP L"1u)Phre req,s PUt seoburl, 3sr9r uI ruE^3lrr pu. tuelsuor sr 1!qt rno pug o1 slq uaqr rll '3!l ueau r a Bq rpJ]lrl.ror rou PLto lu.reqorur r1r)d -de lqBu rwrs lsrs te qJtLt{ 's.IlI-lIrrE unrlrr r"q1 1no pug 01 sq .iJ 1l lo lsrlC rrqder8otrpq 3rl1lo lsBr eql sl 'stuorduis 1ulr^.lrr'sno'tre^ aill srarJruis LrrrBolorJos .: Jo ltrrura!'qtro aqr II1r Jo 'P,u,sqn !lrPrJt rr lle lu uorrI13"rr I JLll rPlnno;qruo4 rloq.t aqr aes rounrr Pue t! sr rq :puru sr-q u rsrr tou saoP etrnlrrd IPrBrru! aq1 roj prurclqo eq plnor rmlorJe ruJr;tloJ lelu'd. ar^r toN 'ar.q uc^81m!uoplugcp >!-r Su;q:eo:d {lr jiuqro! rnq '!rtDI .tF uo s,tral a^prrfqns pu1r sJru.Frd\a Lruosird s;q 3unl:',(9 {a11rsou 'sllDrJp .trJ e EuhB iq ra.qsaB Plnod! aq 's' eInX rq1 nrqd urq ts? ()1 ei! noi JI suolrEtrIdtul pur uorlrunJ teJ#olorros s+lo ss.l lllls 'uooiurs -uor Fr)os p.zrulr;ro 'brq B st 1rl1)l aqr lo r?.PI rBrLr.{rJ1? scrl e lreu luaBneraL lsou arF uJ a 1oN 'r'juri lcluau lcr{l puo.{aq sr stql 'sedeqs uoqnr 'usu! 3^Il.rIIoJ rloq,s rqr iasrql Jo 1'1o ,!.,q 1nq 'u3t0 l)1 .qddE rrrtld setru rq1 PUB suo'pe le'l -P!\!Pq Jo asodrnd 3q1 ,!oq 'sa^uou 6!{) 4aql ,sout {rgr, arnl)nqs lBtros rDtp Jo lue Jo 2e1l
,(Ilear

leqr

's ll

se suolrlpuor

\brr Mlrtuaq

''N

a\t Ia nb11!.sa aLL

t60
.Lrstonran dlangemcni. n'.uinrg

hI me!ns of

honour

l,'\r

.h.

"

1"'ir"l

^l-

i 'i,'

and rhi\ Ffers also to lhc slrbsidiani minor llede. shich a..omtahjes thc KLrla Prolcr: l-1nalL\i th. Klrld is not done under sLrcss of afi

. .. ,,'l" l.r ,. arr, "''iii: I r'. : 'F ' tl.at ' tr.,lisePr" tlc Ktrla conlia1,.. h cl.'atLi -"
dicts in lhnos! c\ery poini rhL: aborc dclinitlon n

fcc.l. sjDcc its Dajn aim is lo .\changc aficlcs $Li.h .ie ol no pra(ri.al use l-mn Lhc concisc deliD;lhn of Kula giieD al
essencc, dneslcd ol nll tmppiDss and oc (csso es, iL is a \er\ snrple alfliir, $hich at lirst

ol

rl. F^ nir I.l'..Il,r

{lral

\e'''

rl

"' ,i'

er i . h

Iorn ol crchange l!

('.

JrLIL

."

rert ligl'r

iooicd ir ni\11r, baclcd br Lraditional lar: rrd surrrtndcd rirb nragicol rites \11its n.tin rians n.lidrs d,., Lmbli. an<l ccrenonial. anJ carriecl ou! rccoirlirg to ilcfinll( rules lt is no! done of the spui of ihe ,non(irt. bul happers peilodi calh. ar ,lat.'s scrtled in adran.e. dnd t is cdr

ri' 'Jr"-,i'' is, iluirc on tlrc contrarli 1tr

.r'r,r" 1r,,' . l-.. r_1. .\li.r all it onlv colsisrs of an excliang.. iDter -irrLl\ reo.ared. ol nio drticles intended for that to .".-u.tuiiu.. but rlot eren used for L!
.

r' '^r'; Irrr. ',.' r"t"'.^.ri ,./ r..

nmsacterl culrure. and probabLi cicn nr ra.e, it is bis"l or r lired and Dcnnrtcnt stalfs. on t partner

,l 'r' ^r ' 1. ,' \.rl.r' I " luguast. in diffcring tribcs benrccn

.'J r',,ir'' ir'' 'rr 'l '" .t .,i,r'. ''1".r" lli.,,r"r'.'r 'r ti'\'' ri' r' r'rr'rr' ir "1, 'r l'; I'r "r" rr .'c '' " ' "l' \' i.' r. .'t ' \' " ' ,' ..,,. rn.l ' ',''
based on a spccllic lorm ol ciediL.

n ...ri' 1 I ". -'r \,.l-r.. ldr ! quite ond Dariigless hand of t'r! hand ro fron. ,,sel.iss otrir.ts has somehow ccccded nr b*t,rninc !h,: firur(lation of a big inlo'tribal ins!irlrtim. in being asso.iated nith e\er so maf! odr$ a.ti\ili.s. \hlL. nragi. .nd tidd lion hd'c bL,ilr LrD around il dctinit ritual and ceremo nial Iorlns, ha.e gnor it a hdlo of romance lfd raluc in thc mincls oJ'the Datiles. hr\c in(leed credt(d a ptstion ir !h.ir herrts tbr tlis snrple

Ih; delinjrion ol lLc KuL! m!st no\ bc amPli fierl. and re nust desoi|e one alier thi: other itq
lund.!nentaL characl.ristics ard rnanr rules,
so

nhich nrplies coDJr'r'irl rrsr .rnd of mftlrrl l high degrcc idrtl)te, 1. ro.ii re.i.n{e\l|.ItsrI:' c..nrn si l.irl Lrii n. i l s:li l glnr, rirose /tr,rditlir/ E'' ilrirr. ;i si publsir.f n c. xin\ ln jn'rr, tra: efo nl)!s! ri!.]tin in Lrtr)t). nnd r! l!01 t bccrtrrr!

ri'rr . \;r ,/r' J' a't" .l 'rrn,.b ril r, r" ,..1'.r"'rr ,'p' 'r' r.' ." l ,,. , ,1 .. o. r .u . ...,, "ri.";..1 " ',
\! .t. lr3.ilruj .s i reaciior nr lhl! ! er'.i rrnri, r: rr th. Kt r i! J..trLer.rinPle
oi th.
Kr

'I

r5 il6r

pr mil !e Lnter in J!

hLl

lfl

lr mieri

b--

ior Etnrlr.g!,
s

io

rlie

g.ie

s. .ice

Li]e.

rn) Eig sh, F'crr:r, and R!$ an

Tre i.r.nr tl[i {l ii..rt:rL.d ihese n.res pr. h: r!--. FI. re .!e. Lhat .1) )t.r u;

."

.:

Einii.rde\eoP" oi c(.Non t elo ui r)r P'.Po: rg tlui

t

istru.re)lii to
of
s

dl!r. uh.r!d. ralofn 5tn .onceP_ or r' fr t !e niin i f .l, r.d to i nllcc both th. sPe{ u

Ia! tire ol' oi ! Pr m I !. so

'i\1.

.1.

irrsi

h--

.\.d ihrl l.chn.

ogically

l.l lile peo

lo !" l'rirll .1lJal :02 Tiic!.!eris .ilue..cdtrenorioi ..ho .r! sldr rs li.r !!cbe !.e e:sa\ 9l ind !1in e I1au5: !.. esa) 8i l!1a inor'rl] trolghrmralhd(:1o
Bi.lre s ir-e pt! n) In.errLard
ih--.otior ihrl

i'init\e

e'onom\

{)!r..!tor.i]pctin3eids nl.hawn!asto frreas.rlrer ,erlofr be).ilt T1l. d.r lesbehlndAaam Snitts

dro 'rl hlmnf b. n8s rati.iaL! dep ov

nitedre"1r'/rl)

' rJr r \r rdrdd| r., 'o 'or- Jl 1. ogol PJ '-o'-,11n., -r,r'df ' 'llr --n oro'o|:Jr ar.rod \o lor\d o| .,I pl {.,o \'?oo'd-\ : ".;.;, :"',.'.,\ ' I 'nrr i,^,".'" ' ' l'l\"ooJd
PpI L

sgdDi8olorld ol

"]i'.q. "

rrq:,q

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,i

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"{

'r)l'touLef\ o1 uo*snrsrp

a.r I D|

llJ'r' l'r ilF --'.'il 'r.l ur ';uur' FJ'rr iu uu' r''ni '",'r'\Jl!r,$uiF'L^! - ."'q !r ' \rrtr "'", "i,',"t"u 'lr\rr fuP 'lilrl ,.'j' rru4 Jn rlL id' uro \r'f \n Jd ruulu)\J lrrll .,i,',':n,ou qon"q'"'Lfriu\PU' u^r''n\'l'l'' otr 3.r'rurpd lP, l |t{{ u"'rrPJ'hJ?J lnu '\ol 1r ll' u < ,. l;u,-,u1',r ;,,w.q ' ,rPlLr\ )lr u' 'rd l^\u4r!Pr'1uLU rnr( "urrr ' . ,,'.,"'.uoaJq \J lr Plrru rJ \ -r,r.tru uo !1'u ,\ ' 'r l/!' ''''rr'rur."r,l,r'.""n rrr\ler'J\J'rrJln'?'r'r't uep 1-u"ur'"r ' :tq .",,i"," '"-' ""'r't' ,\ "," ,'''*r ' LU f"p r\un !+-f * ,, " : ,;..'.,. ( ,'.'"0n" r\nu'Jt{r 'lrr\' I'J' r Jr" r 'tlr ',,,1,*" .u,". lr ^'",, \l'r"u J rr' 'Jlr'rrP lrrY ""'o ,;;; " i'''r'" ',''" ,.r;"n 'rLr rr' lrrq..nl\Pr'nr' \lrJrlsrrP rql rqlru r:.rouur oui, pue'1 "u"
un

''uurr rlJ'l\lluar !rrr a '!q' re! ) L r rq'u /l'qs 1qr"u urJ lr ,',,"o",","i, 1'"' ^ \r)\r'u rPJ $ u'r'
JJ\

rrJ JLlr ro rrr\n,I ': n'r q q rril$ ruorr Pu' Jqor \iJ"u lu 'l'Lu D'.t '"r1".''r 'l'(l$ ll)Ll' rtrrrrr 14 \'tu {P FoL d r, ,t''"., ' r" ' P\n 'lla)d"3

''tuE'1")ql I^\ ,ur$.1\ rqr :uo'tP \ll' I !Frt rlr9\ r.),,u LJ\ J,".:u, rPJ )'Jtll or

;;''';,,,,",'. ";,"",'r rrr Jlnu P urr$ )'rl PUrro '',",'1qr '",";'"' :'"'r rl '}q llHu\ J\1tlr -'r' 'Jq 'qr r" qpJ ', " J11 r:Iu *o,l'nduo ^",pr \r\rll \l'rPUqurl r"urni) \'!J\ ., nr. n"",.t lt\\uU Lr \l'lProrr r\'lnrrul\l u..r.".t u' i.r*t.J rEr'j\J\ ur ol' fue JrruJl irru rJlr ur .'a"rr'' l' to '-,,' ,1 p 'lr rr Jrrtll Jor!rrrl'L' )P u'j\ In r'u llJLlr 'i.i ''i"r""',." ,, ;"*,.,.e,,/rnu\ '!t{t qJrqs In itll ul ",;, ra /rU 'rFJ \'\rrn ' r.! lo ll'u\ ')'lr lu uu ro 'trrrru,rl' turtlt \nrJs P'rPu.q 1)etq r' !qJ'rr 'rr\or ^" ': lrr$ ' ' o.r'1.1r,;"l"q,l,'1"' 'o'lrnd(1PJrFrFrrllr ;,;..:.;, ,;i.r' rJug i" ,r,;"rrJnr '.,r,. 'q, , "Dr'rr ,',.,'".r""u.r.1t,"'l" ll \\ "' ld JLlr i',u. :'q q"" ,q' rIur-$ lu |LUHU Jll q llr -) p '" ll.L; ;;, ''; ',",r' qi q" 1" ' ^ 'rr1'tp""d' ql oru' 'rru Pr)rLr' !r1Pl 'i"",1"a,."iLr\Jur:lJl\-undPJ Jq' ropu' \)rrJd r\rl ul o$l uorJ BurIr')u ",,'l"r',,''o lu'r p*r"u", '11'"J'' .,rio,', ",,'"1 ",1 j'i rtr ittt -l;.,;;"' ".,'''q' qr'* ,'; l; -r,- "r"qi'q '1'1r''":q"'rq1 J ,,',""'r lJH lluorJor\P'lru:\rFJr ," 'i.J',' .q*r' n'"r'rra''qr PUr' '"rrJrr 1/"r "i..,, aqr Jo srss'lr uo ruo,u 'sr .uuro JlRroqela rrou r'>rP ^rrrn ,rro t, r',q' I '.! rl\ JJUr nro e JU lu) !nrr urrl'' ,nouc\ 'i.lr lu dn 'Jl'ru rur ur P\ I !l puu,i"',jr '|re PJ'rrergu ,.,; s":ur1'Jtq ,q ';"'" rrrrP LrAtl! )r)tll 'r'r'pur'l llJtl' . ""pi,,' ,.r' p'" 1'",l,i .q | ,,1'r;,,. \rrlFuud' l)' I1 ",', \ ',s""q jo 'r -reo l"drr r"I " "r - '.,,,;*'," 'un qrr$ ^'P ,",,''-,,ji" *' ^, r 'l ru rul I !tru$ ru )o.ru -! u,qriurl!rrur''rl " l)!urro'l( Jy Fnrr ,q' l' rq" r'"' '\ ' \q \rPr'\\r 1. ;;".,1"' 'i"q ni'" 'r"3 irrrr^\ rJu \lrLrnnJrJ iuJurrr'u \r I -'j ,,"* r,"".r'* III :' -''"-,,1i""1 ''rp 11'r" eultlrt" p'ru' u''""un I9I
<bln)I slbqln's a 1zts@t't'I\ 11'|ntura 'W '\1 lo

ur p:{"1r"':' ;;;i',"". ," ,"i .*" .""""' \r,',,,u,Lnr, i"Lrriu'

162 ann'shclls. Supp.'sing that a big dance is held in his orh a neighbou nng rillagc, he Dill rot Ptlt on his ornaments hhsclf if he gocs to assist al it,
L,nless hc intends to dance and dccorate himsell

but anr olhis relatircs, his chiltlrcn or his Fiends ,"d rassals. can have the usc ofthem for thc
go to a lcast or a dahce s'here there are a nunher of mcn lraring such ornamenls, mrl ask anvone ofGcm at randonr to rrhon it bc 1ongs, rhc chances arc that morc than hall ol then sill ansBer that the-v dlensclves are Dot the onners, but that thcv had the articles lent to thcm. fhesc olie.ts arc not oDned in order to be uscd; the pnrnlege ot dccorating oncself \r'ith thcm is not thc real aim ofpossession. Indeecl and this is more signi{icant brfar thc greater rdmber ofrhc am{hells, casillninetv br p ,,, ar, r,r ul r"" r .ize r" be I ".r o "n 'nr.'ll .u I'lrranJ \ lc$ bie iounjr h"r. rnJ sirl.. "re ablc that thel nould not be rvom at ali, ercept oncc in a decadc bv a lerv important man on a verv lcstive dt+ Though rJl the shell srings can be

how rhey rvcre norn by this or that king or queen on ruch and such occasion. ol hou,some ofthem had been Lakcn over to London, Lo thc great and jJ'r rndiJn.,rior ol rhe $ rul. \.uIish nd.ion. horv the,v rvere rcstored, and ho"v now gcr-vone
key, and no

"'"" asking. Ifyou

can be pleased, since they are safe undolock and orc can touch them. As I was looking at them and dljnking horv ugly uselcss, ungainl,rt

even tartlry thcy stre, I had the lccling that something sinrilar had been toltl to mc of late. and that I had sccn many other objccls of this sort, $lich nade a similar inpression on nre.3 And then arosc bcfbre rne the vision of a na' tive l-illage on coril soil, and a small, rickcL-v plat-

lom

temporarilv ercctcd

uder a

pandanus

norn, some of thcn are again consiclered Loo raluable, and are cumbersome for heqtLerr Lrsc and sould bc q'orn on rcrr excePlional occasions o.lv 'Ihis negatile dcscription lca\s us wiG the oresriun': shr rh,n, dr" rh,'c "bi.,r' rrlued .. r'ci lhe lrll ,'n*'qrr" uhrr ur uoe .1, .ne,sr our or . r rhul, .rnr1 $ill 'L"' 'contalncd "',,1'^ii"" in the folJowing chapters, but nh apide, mu.l I'P;\.,,rr nnt. \' ir i'tl_ n.'r, tro\i *ar b.rr, r r" rppro. "h rhr J rborrr rhruugh lhc known,lct us consider for a moment nhetho .'mnnqorrr'che' u. l' '" rrr rrpe "lobirct'

thatch. surroturtled by a number of brown, naked nen, and one of them showing ne long, thin red sftings, and big, whitc, s'orn-out ol,jects, clumsy to sight and greasy to tolrch. With rclcrcnce he also golld Dame thcm, and iell their historv, and b-v vhom and when thc-v nere rvorn, and horv thev cbangcd hands, and hov their tenporary posses' sion \as a great sign .'l the importaDce.nd glory of Lhc rillage. lhe antrlogl benveen thc liuropean
and rhe Trobriand la1g.'a (valuables) m,rr bc delimilcd i{ith rnore prccision. The Crown Jcsls, in lacl, an-v heirloomi loo ralLrable and Loo cunbffsomc to be $orn, rcpresent the sanrc t)?e as rrrrr'.1 in that they arc merel-v possesscd fbr ttre salc ol possession itsclf, and the ostcrshiP of them wjlh tbe ensuing rcno$n is the nair source ul rlr, ililue. {,u borl h"irlnnnr. ,rrrtl rrl3air are cherishcd because of thc historical senlimcni rvhich sunounds them. lloNcver. ugh: usclc*, and-according to current standatds valuclcss an object may be, if it has figured in hislorical scenes and passcd througL lhc hands of hisloric persons, and is therefore an unlailnrg vehiclc of impoftant scntimental associations. it cannol but be precious to us. lhis historic sentinentalism,

'rr 'o' rhi.l- pl,rr . ' mill ro; "r' "h rh -re r*d 'n,l I'o.."'.' rl in rl'" ':'n' nrn rr \\4re L aher ', 'i. i ,tr \uurh \, J. Jrd \,r.r., r,, ic,,. . S.,
rctumed
Lo Europe and

did n) first bit of sigh! secing h lldinburgh Casde. I r.'as shom thc Crosn Jervcls. The Lecper tolcl manv stories of

"-

0Mali.owski is consid.rccl o.e oi the Sreat elhnogra pheF in anthropo ogica hlstory ln pat be.ause of his 8ift
lor ethnographi.: reportage. He bclic\d it was inrportnnl

to underitand how

natives percc ved thif world

in.l

pa$ed lh s unde6tafclinE on to his reade6 by comPa. isons sLch ns that presented he,e beiwccn v?fgu', ai.l the.rown ewek ol Sc.iland. Llke the jelvek, va)'8!!

do not have a prrciica utiliqrr r.ther their value is syn bo ic, derived from thclr age and hctory. ln miking this comparison, Mr liolvski us--s a noilechnici exanpc cas y .cce$lble to a Popular audicncc. Ary{)"rrlj, Like n,any oi Malinowsk t other workr, was desig.ed to be reid by edo.ated lavp--tsois as welL ar profcsjon.

s.! p.91 lurr]Jqr /o Jn,as1]l]t rrlt L!ltelo V),1961

Jo po rad 8uo c rol sarue$Dn:rrrr rpr uelun orur P-rro] tJqM uMo rno sdPqr'd plPl er'

'.url

,.r i .qt-"l f' o. r. r, n .wJ I .oF" lrrrq s!^\ i.rlq agr ]o lrnd srq qrM Prdn,o.rd " ^Lruulsuoi {,u )saourlPt\Jrtql pa!\oqs itauotpu! Iddeqt. iisullu

.q dtd-u u

|o/bL

r'rr'

p"r'rq'4"-' "-r rl-\/oor\''r P.'.: ' p r 1 Jllodr '\ 'or .ut 'o '" r' {'1.r .tP , r..o d "3 {'"r u.,r'v^:l'r^ 3't -.lr 3-r! 'ul !r'i I " | _) i \r' Lr'u J 'u tq 'r'"'l "l ' -tll ull PU ! sn .NB or s.ul r)tsourjt\ ',.^oq! -uesell
-qrnos aqr jjdoue srte.l1,oS aqr

Juol ru,' 'l Jilur'qJ\r \lv I Lln\ Jqr Jo I 'F 0 ,qr \)lnr!1\uuJ sJJr'flrJLr i9r Pup \llJq\''u'L

>qr

tu ,,x3', Ju.^'Pr'^$rd')ut Inr8u''l\'

'Lll

nl
'4"1,r
r3urn3,{rN
rno
ur sillrEu

^luo JtJl or nuoFq liuouJr.. E lo snrEndile Jrrulrrur ]o p[e 'qrr snotip: IPrI!.:ttr E lo sluaun4sur rn \ Pnr { rorl.,Lq \)l)rr-E ir/ lr lo rJrluJn I F

'ra, prleJ

iLlr.lor

3u'nc lr'd,
q)ns
PUD

Jq Plnrrr

Ll'nS

\ll|rrt \l \rrt l|dql \""eduto" 'lrtrdJU't lf uouero)'P

roJ .,urs PUE r$ruou3r3) PUD srlu u' Dlr1lru!\ )rP r.rcd ou {qd rnq 'suors'r)Jo trirsel uo Pcsn <nn\ i oJJ t. '!\uJf,L4 lo .,r,lru urrF\ Jr',, \

Ioqr antt^

4l] palLtr aq lqBlu 3srtF Put 'rilu.'

J' l-un rP \J!nl le) r" I iruprrur' ,erJ'l .rdotu. 'n. pu. trJ,itol"q)Fd .rJJ,,' t':u, 'r\r \JId un PJ'' q 'o'r \r rP'uJ\Lq !rJ F nr rrrp$ I rrr'orl ' \r \rql I u.rr,Pruur Irr \c1l)r rr^ urul 'l'iPlrrrJ'!lrrr 'drol\rrr Pu, - ro | rJ\ .tt',u\ rrr\r:l rLr I n,r luJ 'uu \r 'l u<rJnqo r/Pro J u)\i "$ 'lJ 1o r,Jr' .rq|v 1r \^rl! ur "sJf u\u,) ru 'uuNr'Ju rrpJ'lorrr I Jrlr tl r$ uo' reduor aq1 uorstrard tlllr Ltrrqr JaP ol rou
J,tr

rnPi

i ',.t r Jur4

sn se)tttu \trrg.t

srIRU Pu surooF Jq 'qr rPnlolr erres

lEluoLU

Jqr

Lrr t 'PuJ! \) rrru'll lu q)q,\')snlo ssrusnorJJd rllnouB plrp iEuaFrulo

'/\

,r

urr' prrrol!'

'rrn' !\P.l

.u.rq" i"""3: 'r itdrr' 'r,'l nrr'qr"u {" 'r -lq"

terunruJr '1PJLL..,

n! \u, ur

rPur {P\

'uoq1 Jo dotdlr)s'p lelrutlsunr4r PUlr PiLI'raP ..{3 or pu" lsairlPu rqr or irB saLqlnlB cln)l
rou

;N --J .;',r'q'a .".,rsnu rnoqe iluo 8uq'ads 'unlcr ttrauaS Pue sisn sr' lnoqE u'(oul sr 3J qlnu J.a,, ',,t \ldu,. ..1r,","u u) ) P)lrc ' 'r 'l ' -1u" u" '1"11 unr'r,u rro \rl|r ' d'J LJ.lu {r " r!:"'"'-," o! sEq rmJr qrnEPul) siJnr 'r".,; "1 11';
-ue3u loraqrunu 1erfi

J"1 I '"Jurr'')

r.lr r"rrs rnFJfr Pl\l\ Pu r/J'1"u'1qo"r iu' ur 1,, rs,rJrl rPtl' liuru 'rr rir 'l rrl '\r u rl .rarq r."1".1r ur unl' I rl"l' J$ rur"'l ''qr ' ' jJUP r'"1) ur pL' .Jn' d SJ su,lol Jtlr Jo l"r r)d ou,orrq IIb srtll 'Pro{ .qr Jo asuas rJrrroJ Pur

Pro'\\ s[p qrns rre |titnqr ,(llensn rnq ,.'leruor.rJ],. PalEtr

errror ol su'rs

Jrn rot
1

\\,urt'

{nJEu 'qr ur.rJJlqn lrrrror"r? ' li\ '$utl o!rP rrP i 1o'rJJlqn ua'rdrJ\u Jr''ruJ'PrlJrlr ','11,. r 40-'!',r /tll to iuu u, \ 'lqrrr,P\ ulrr\l J9r ii n' '!!olq F'uLr c ' ' ' 'rrnrrnrrs 'rio1o{!i1,1 n '\,trP /q Ll,r\ luP \' \Prr o-l\ \lq Lu Jfr lu r{l " JJ .uru p \r rp , ul \Pq LuPrJrFPu u 'PrPd' ^d troi u! s.luoolarrr ItJISr]u u!1r1 '.po,,"qo,-1 'q1 "qr -,J" P3ll.r il'rPun'Bel rq 1"''.",..,.r., " .uu* "i'*'i,:y r,, , ,Jp Jtq",u.,,r,rpu, ,,", "*, ,,, ^ , .r".tr 'qr lo lrFd 'r 'rtlr s\ " J? lt'\ "l' orunlurla'* u8u'rr p r' '8ru )qr tn (rrJr rtr \,JruP In '-)q Jqr nr oJF Jrur 3ug ur -q qr e ql],\ IuEduorJr taPuBq P'uBJ Sulnw' uiuoa rurssi'l\l ur3
saprtq .r1r partsqod
91

'."''npu' ruors \uoilei{ Parr:ioreP PUlr PrlI- snou ."ouJ:LlrlPJs lu !rLLlu rruuturJ) \Leu i9r n1"' ","y,qr *',1) \.ur r$ u"'r'JnI' r""-"

-"u

-ul

unr pu n)rPrur)P llJs nur ''jrr'' puL .,r'!,unri lu ' 'lJ'rr ' 'rJJur)rd

.qr lo '$!1 p.#olouqro :rPeorq e iiuHel rirq or rsPio ur P3u'{o 'q 'aL1Lr^ uPddurn I Jrll ,q Jrn\FJrr r\nru \nuru.uLJo

'.1'1'

'i-,,r",-'' rqr rEL ' ' tn)t

JJu !Jllrf Ju I r nr Lrr:u J'll ,l lr',s Prr ' 1u* qr"q u:re 'rr''{ '','1',lo' dn rturn'.) $J\ ur Pur' 'rr rllr\ \{'P {'r e ltF ',-" !luldr\! ttrP u.1ftu u, p',p \1"\rr))d'rr q'rJ$ 'n 6orf sle'{rl jdrr {o cluBrsq arE suooFleq ro ui sJuruor PUE 'sJ^Ireu itll Jo suolrrPlrJr eql ^ror I

\lLI ru I r.' p \r )JJtlr rl rPr P'r rnr ru' u l|rrur\ tur !,, \, rl Jt,ruo . tr\l po^i illu,r uJ' | \r'r\ qrqos rqr u, o\tP Lr\^ ' 'ru)'' r"'IJu "rPlF ur F)')r ,,, terJL ': rno L, rn9' ,3r'1 e ' 1l PJ tP' I u 'r'll$

^lse.Mptr

drDlnuors

''N

e41lt spa!'ss'l

'11L

refos to the socnrlos-u of the crchangc, and en' tails that liula hansnclions car be done on1,v be' \./i ' t"r.r' . \ rr' r 'r '" i': rh' Krl l; rl ' ir' Ji'. ',1 . r rir,'lLu r1 it on has onlv a lnlitcd nunlro o{ PeoPlc $ith shom he deals. This partnenlrit is entered ulon n, , ,l.llnire ni!rne.. undcr fiillillment of cerlain .nq' .,1 ri, ,, :".1 r "'r'LirLr". li l" r: r"l 'ti" ,.\ip llc ' rrl' r ., P 'r 1Pr\ 'r "1 ,l-d''"^ .,rrl .' . , r. .'n I in p"rr"""- \ ' "n rn 'n' in thc Trobriands rorld havc a lew partnos onl", a.hiefrvoulcl numbo hundlcds of theni '"1orc:s Thde is Do special social ntrchanisnr to llmit the .urc '-ut , nd ' rr"nr 'h-r " n. a i|,. . "r,l,i|ll, r - r. n " ,rrlJ -ru' l' l "r t" rrhat '1,.,, nunib$ of P.rlners hc nas enLitlcd bv his

. r,rl.r ' r' I' r' .' "11'n' r'r' "he' -r J tr i' 'rr 'i r'r 'rJFe' r' ',r'"'. 'h. "1,' ' ,:.o\ llrc of these reguhlions. nrict linila!1ons aid
rccl

ous

iars,

and to
a

Fhen hc gcts

.rp,cr rr',' roL".p ;.'ll' itcr'.ul,i n "cr,l,l 'lhe overscas partuer is, on the olhcr hand, a host, patron and alll'ni a land of danger and inse-

oft(f them rhr pick ofhis lngr a lresh suppL,r On thc other hand hc

' ,r\"r 1.. . l." 'r , ,.mrnrr . ,j i . . rhi' J"r e-, i' ' rl-crl;lr n .. . t, ' .!. " l; Pi: r d r. i., " " ne . r .^ a,n ^r ';,''lu',. '
Fcr' .r\.
t

curin. Noiadars, thoush

Ll.c leeling

ot<l:'ngo still

ori r. ri\'
r
,

i'as thc nain guarantee of salc4, He also Prol.les wnh lood, gives prcscnts, and his house. Lfough '", I u- J In.l. -1i ,. i. rl p p1.., , i, rl"r,,ub. gather rrhllc in the rillage. lhus Lhc Kula parLnctship provides erery man rithh ilt ring Nith a I'c'i' hien<1s ncar at hand, and l'ith sonc lrienclll allics

(r.en'ih.t hescG them.In oldcn dars. morc tan' jl''" d. nq" . r"r, 1.'p,.|-r,'d, J ' .l r\r t r 'er

inrl,, ., ,\'"\. 1. r!cr.,r., Jr ir"oi.. ir. fh

$ith whom Lc can /sLr,

'F

are drc onl! people

Lrut,

.,rkanduu,ri".. rnJrt..r, nrlcb, 'l 'r''r\. -r.' nt," ul h. I i ,.Ji1r" r\..1n''lueurdeh'rr' t" ,rl,rr rr h... r her. 'e ' i'r ' 'r,r ,l n\ d. rr u" r, ,' I 'r"r't ine .'r' ". .u rrr" rurrrr,, l, rnl.L un tl'-. "o' l' ,'l'u l"'' of
h,rnrlreds o! Kuh associates. irhoeas a man

of .ourse, anongst all his paltDes, he is trec to choose to lihich onc he \i'ill otfct i'hich objcct. Let us nos't(.- to cast a broad glan.e at the cunulatne cffccts ofthc rlrLes ofParnrersliP. \Vl sce that all lround the ring of liula lhcte is . nd-

'ninor

bchare as lriends, and ha\ a nudber of muilral

ls., l-..t- D.a "r' 1 ." r" h,rr .,Ll*. rnr "sl .se"rh,r glri.i,"rrrrlt
r. n,

inrDof.ncc $oul(l lrale buL lew

rh"r

Lu|". .,,J nhli: ri.

e h, r'e.r r

"rr of the special Londs whjch unitc ti'o mcn oDC into one ol the sl.lnding rclatjons ol nrutual c\chanee of gifis anrl seniccs so characteristic ol thcJ natirr:s. Again, rhe alcrage man Nill halc
districts

. $li' r ' n "rl- r\- J ',.i \ ll's,. , r'l \'il' r\, i r"( rr^,.1!r.rrr!. i' "'.r'5, r ,r' 1"' l " r' , ne.,r l,'. -s ule lr:. n J.,"r'. in- r "' Ii' ',, js generalll fLjcnds, and Nith lhcse p.rlnos. hc l r 'ri Jlt ,. rn . Ih l'."r" p n "r'hil

uork of relationships. ancL thal latlrrall) lhc firns one inteBoi,cn tabri( N'ren Lvhg at hundreds ol miles' sailing distancc liom onc another are lround togerhcr b! direc! ot interF"']iate partdership, erchange with etrch other: lnoir e.'h"rl,r, d"rr,, trr 'o' ,.i 'r'In'cli1"
('hole

,.t. r,- " ." rt-,.igl,,o,.ri,e he /.?las ln such a case. hc 'rhom 'rilh .,nJ.e.. h, r n r., i ,*,.r ru tr b"urrd ""
1r

gathtring . OLjccts gilen b-v onc, in tine rca.h son !c$ dist.nl indiiect Pnrtr, ^r .rl"r .',, n.r u 'r. Krrln ubir, ' h' I \"r ous articles of domestic usc and rninor gilis. It js e.rsy to see that in the long tlrn, not only objecls of mat$ial cullurc, bur also customs, songs. arL molilcs and scnoal cullural influ<'ccs travcl along the t{ula rcute. k is a !ast, iD!$ hibai rct o1 rclationships, a big instjtlrtion. consisting ol thousands of n1cn, all LoUnd togeLhft bl olc comnon passion lor liula cxchange. and secondarjllj b-v manr niihor ties and inte.esls r0

' " large nlter liLal

F(tlowinA sP.nceir orgafl. ina oEV, i!nctiofil-lr tefaed io s--e so.ieiies as .oll..liofs oi int nc ited t)irls

rior._ ',8,

g. qi

lro l ., t,ol

(u a as a ne.h.nl$ io, e(ab lsh fg ties betwcef Pe.p c on dlir'crrft nhids c rpparenl | $e prellous reN para graphs. le(hara.tcrlTes the Kul. ns n "last.lnteFt'b3lner

"

1'

ouc \do'. 1l'u,u' ruJd nluu uun rJrrp rrP sn ,1p,*' ^'p ", f ' PJ+'rI't yrr"r\uu .,n-.'".' io.r"tq' lo.tn\ u' {luln LF our !'rrrl

.r.set\ n$r "tlrJ. durrl'q! 's ilrrP u u'rlrr!JIrou *, i" r"r"' urrr' 'ql 'r rln'JrJr''n''i ',.n ',t"-,r ';",,,,,",,";",.'^u"',s Fu,,"rn\ Jrou' \lllrdur\ldd\ Jlru "q' "i l'"i,,"' 1",^, 'a 'o l)l ol rtl?'r LUnrJ n1 ' l'qD JU rlrJ9\ rP .,r, u,r,"" ',':,lr'"F puP Lurrp' r! uurJ rl)l ,rJ.tr,Jtr rqr Pu' rqBu "r \ruruJ !rqr ll I'u\ rl un {lo(l !Pr"$ ul ."'ii".,,"'.u;,q, 1o 'rr' r"qru )tl ,Jr.i*ra \tl FLut \J' ,\a or dur"i 'r 'r,uroqruru'ldnrPur '' P'urrr ',r13J qr' !pu,:q nDu LrL| urJ,rl ''q Pu'r 'n," \J\r)r -c.'.r r"ittt,ro"l''u':!rq rrqrl\ru'r' souJrJU Jqr d \rq r$ tl q rr llJq! r'u, 'l I'i"'p "i.,'r '"o11':druw'rs" u '"d .ur ,,1." Jqr JU )rru/J tlr \Pr'$ur lEu.r .rurt1l ur 'i,,,' Jtr' Purrl 'ro l,r',r.,qr t 'rt -."," d ''Ll In "i'.'. rq u,u"'r r;,d;u,, 'ln\ )lrLr rtlur \uc r\ 's,, dLur"' or ,,' ,,',;e L"^ rorrnr'rrn ''r r)oL I \LrP U/r .;"'l,;."','.'qr.," P leJ'Ll'leriin$ 'qr ,,u"i, u,'r-" ,qr )'n urrt -,\crL r)\J inr'q uol' snql rri^' ?u s! srFr rlruuaP,i.qo or s'ri 1,,',",t 'iqr "-'l P rut I'nrr 'r' "IJrl 'q !!tl" nq''c PU Ll'lq$ .'"'.,"'."a uP,oduJr " s\ol'rr J'r eno(o8 lo tl 'uF'P .ltJt.tJruv rLll {" llJa ' ". l'rq qrrurLlrsrrr""d i',,"i",r1.,q"","r''r1uP \rrlr i' qrnoltll 'J)rr \r'l 'rPu qJ'l ,,,qi"". r,.'."""'' "'", ,"' <r:u ,'r,; u qrnn\ \t,Jf b'qr u^4 '\rrrJr luP ',, 'Lr' '" ',,1 ,,r, ut, ' ln)l JLrr trr lrPtl I'uP $oF ,,i'.,, ,*. qrr$ u'a '- "','- ncq | 'jrdll \rrJLls-'urr l i"'r' i"'t ': trrrl rqt '\LU \rr ''ll ur"uJ1 'Pqrr I Jo .,u rrddn, rr. oursJry rn ' lFunl1\ N^d '" '.'q l,l,.ri',;.t+ ,,", r",rpo,dJ, Jqro, Jrrq ' -tlr qrr"\ P,J)Lur\ lll\ '"3 .' ,", to "r ''".'ii ,"' r 'o.r,o cri liP' r"r' r)Er'^l ro' '"-'1n dr'l'uonPl Jq Plro{ *1,'u,:a ui fJ!,J\Jr .u' 'dr.r ,r\ {r Llrr\ 'Jtll I \ u'l$ Lr:r v a ri'" r)qrn Jur uo urunrrJullr'llrl ,, ,,rr ,. t"",rr ur'Jrol "rir ,1",.',',' . JUPJJa Jq l' nq rLEr ,"'1;",' 1o -'i1.,'" rYl "","'".1"1''l'P'r'r'I''r'Pln\ rn' rvr Pur Llrr\ lo ll' rrrqrr$ .,-.ui a,,r.', '"o, -q" plr"$ Cr.l.uurr-l{ Plu ru|r1tr lrr\ )Llr urrdr'1"' 'r"J'Jtlr rJrPr ,',-,i p, *'1,1-,''n'P'' )q Jun ,,r,;,. ', ''q ' r'll 'rrq "'sLrr\rJJU xu \llJq'-ur'F Duu \u4l,rJq ' l'Ju"u \lru"u' ur"l '1'Pfl 'J'r 'l'r' I'uL JU' uor,\iJ ll)ru {1r" ,,'r ,; 11 'd' tlrr^\ ,q. "r" i r:,. ',{i" !ruFrrqurl ""r:" ',1"r. qt ur''3,,1 .'e"1' LLrs rq )uru' lu r'P lru In Jlnq Jtll ,, 'q' i.1",, 'r .' ,o.q-.tq ti ,u' o' ,""u l\JU rJuu il r''u "" r^i ! lqPnlr:\ ':ln\ D!DUlurl I'r"',t '" luP -."rq 1 11 ,- ur Jr\ri rr- 'J1PlllLr'Fr\\ "' '" )un uu r'ur'\\J,)urrr\ru .,.','," '"" 'a,'i,'* :'Ll,t1' urn (tu" Fp I lrJr qrr^\ ,q' q1n"5 r\'ul'\urrJ\ '1a; ,i',i,u,'' ' 'nq '-q rr' larP'rrrr luors ,;i,;",,',,!,,i, Pl;." ".\",'.,,' r.nqr *'d Jtir ur 1,qr u\lyuurr'\JlP ,' ;, r. '.' '" '1r'" 'u"'rr'"d \uP|pLr !J\-'r "Jr -,,.,;;,;, '..,"';i .q, "' I'r';te: .rt.', !l rJ'ruPJ iu' P'rP "rrr"'',,"'rrr ,ur','"r',"o """ PJir'ur/'dn \u u /\'r'\ , o \rru r iJrrP "t 'd'i' I'u ,' -"r 't uorrrr'Jn "qr 'f,,.,1-.'r ," ,:.u -.'i i'"" s." ,,r,sl rrrJrlsL'ro rduuFrlJq' "qr luP u' ,.i,' r"'",' '\' ''r rr^l^ 'Jd{l Ju's 1qr In qr uuql i' ,qr ,. ,,." ri r'1lP i 'Llr Fr p,t" \ 'ruFrr^drLr. fA' ' 'u". ,q ur.'.,1 i"o'r',.'t" Jrnrnl llr 'r1'nJrJ ' 'JlLl J'ro ro ,r,n\ Jrlr ln Jtnr r/rllou ur \!r'1 J$ ro\ .' i r," 'n"q-''"" 'q' 'J\rn rJuuPd lrqru r'l' Jo Jl'r "i, \'qr irurs " i || ..rnrr.\!rl 'u,rJllrP 'Jlurr l\nur \tnn'Ju rrurrJJu 'rl LU rn llitls urn {lr 'r{lrr) u^ '(':* ii'"," ..'. i'11 'u""tJ\rrrrr-JlJu4' uo Jlu rPnn ,, l, "'" r' r'"' rJLlruLr JUn or Pr':iJ u'r$ \ll'LI+LUrF rr tlr Pln\ Jlr rn lr PUe ur Pir"ld r'r 'Jiellrlu urq n,'u 'i,r1u11"p 'r '\.; "v$ irJtr ^rn ii*',o : i,1"11 '' v' ,"1 "'1'1'" .","', "t'rrnrErrr\o'u l'' '"'-;'-, ,'".r,i', t11,q' -" drl r\r? Dq{ ^nur .*"q]'p,', r\ //l' cLl Jil' Jrl' Prrr\ ' , .,', lo ' i ,; in ,," r' ,u oru' tt"t rri'iP \rqr q '! r ' lJ rPru on.'.' " rr rlrr''lrJrq I lrLU'Jr"rb'r rr\ur uaqrm'S alp 1,, Jurrn r Jrlln 's:auptl .ue1 i: seq cg sPuljrqoll .', .i"i' ','', rr'^d.1" 'qr ur \rlJLl\'ur, .'. ,,r,."rii>r , '"r"a-i.' PptP'r \ J' ':elll\ {lr fu' )'ot\ o l' \tu'l J'lr t" rJl \r\rl 'tl$ r'r ddrt' u tt" ' '"'rr" "1i"6*,r irr^ JLlr Ln {oLJ \lrJ^F rol ',,' ,,' ",""'.. Hln\l Jtlr i'' -" t" \lrJ lc r"'r^ir rt.l-'"'"',1's6'":'lv1 'r rJr rull ,,. ""rr"'.,,*ir .,u"1,r. ,-nuru", "\\t \d 'nnr/i' tde ru nr i' u'LlL rur lL'" ,q, t" ": p," '!uor\nurrrrrrnJ' ur 'llJrrr'In t" r'ra''i l-""."a q*nnnh nlsto{! tnlnl aW Jo \l"wa'sa '11I s9I
r

l6a)

htes .s a rule some h\o to ien ]tars kr malc

his lcature olrhc l(tll.ls Perh.Ps iis nDst r. rrarkable one. snrcc it crerles a ne\ !\P. ol o1\n

ot drcir integml cllcct. th! !L,pe rhe frcn.ral oudhc of the liula, gi\e it the cllaracter ot th. double closed circuiL. Nos a leir *'ords must Lc

.',hp.r', l. .rl" s"hrl rr"l''ir 'l'" rl !'rrp,l .,1 Ln.Lr',H-...r, "r'r. i2lu rlngi,n
ison brol,e doqn

co,-eu.rl ll, p.-.

n nnlual ransac rion in s. lar as its (o,,,1.rcini t.)chnic iLies ate

said abou! the nature ol cach

l,1rP,rl'' '.'-l trl

{tiirn\ifian son draun het1reer the ablcsl and Lhc turcpcan heirlooms. This i:ornparone Poinr: in lhe furoPean obi(.ts of llris class. pcrmancnr ornership, lastin; associalio. $itli lhc herediLan cligDitr or ranh *lrh a famihr is onc ol its main leatures ". ID lhis th. Kula aiiclcs differ horn henlorrns, brr rescmble lnother tuc ol\alucd obiect iha! is

oI

V
The main prih.iple undohirlg dle kgulations ol
actual erchafgc is that the Xula consisrs ir lhe be' sLoriing of a cercmoniol gill {'hi.h lus lo b. re' p.rid br an e(lural'nt .orLnter gili, after a lapsc of ii-c, t," it o feu hours or ercn nirllrtes, dlol,gh soDrctinres as nn,ch as a lear or rnore mar r:lapse Lrcl\\ccn patmcrLs.r llut it can n.\e b elchinged ftonr hand to hrnd $ith the cqulraLence Lct$ceD drc r1!o objecis discussed. Lrgained about and

'^r" r'r ' I'o' ^l rn. lui",i."l'"' '' ' 'l\ '" rh .,ans Ill"pl' gr ,'/ 'rJ,i,i:a r.r'h"rt'r. r'.,r r, or I'r'rrr.r .1.|,Jp.r,d ""rglrscd in any utilita an $a\i rel th. holders gci h rn'" r,rnrl'r' .ta' r1/' I7-'-rl r" rl lr r: t" ,, {nr . r ,"r . "1 ",rirl i't u'"4 H,, ,j,,.ir r. "rr"r',l . nr, ' ', rh, .' 'r n r'r' I 'rr , '"1'1",,.. ,-L '(","rl' tt c, fa.rurcd bi siirilar social arrangemorts lhe

.pl i.*. ;". !' '.

.,t.r

iescrrblancc goes so tar thd! i1 the Kula rhere er ists rlso tlrc ,:lcmenL olpride in Derjt, an clenerl

."r n r".l ll'. .1.. r n "lrl ' r"..' . "i, I i' slricd! kept. lnd highlvlalued. The natnes shalph "". 1 " 'i.ri 'r,.1 ,, 1" "'.r.rl",tl ,, .''', I' or rh . h Lh.. I -r.. t . i ".t r' rrr"ri,ir ., ,, , r r\ h.\' '' ' .r. jncorred. too qrwlt. Often. $ lr'c 1 .riticisinq iastr or i,r,lecorous procedure ol litrla. thcr lill
:

which timrs the naln ingrediort

h tl.c pleasurc \" " ir .rl'. -"r' '"l ' "ll 'r" n\'r' h' *.1 ,nt.r.i. ' r r".-.i,l l'""'l ir' \'en' of men arc m.iDl\' kr migjc. arl froud -' r .'.h""." ,., ,,\:1., '.'e.r'rl' U,',. hn t\,. r , , '\. uDr. i, cd h\ , r . ' rr.rr,r '-^ All rl .i1," so fu cnumernted looking at " thc indnnlual ponr! of rjew lirnn Llren f"m
the so.irl rarsc and thc direction of the lrorlsa.tions as sell ris rhe ilurarion of o{IeNhb ol'ihe

savr

partner uho has reccilcd; Ku1a glre bacl lait and tull ralue. thrl is. to give

' r\'.n" l,l' ^ r.r-J'ri. -rrurl ' si\Fr n' '.,.ir, \ "", ." "' ,".,t,,'..otJ. , ' i,, gili is e\Pcctcd to
as

"Hc condrLcrs his l(uld as if ]t $ere gi,n dli 'Ihc sccond rel inrportdn! frilciple is lLat the

goo.l

-r,u ,n.l ''." r', tl-" h'. \J.,i ,. '"1h " , " ..r l,c -u ' .J I .n, nl , ". .nr L' ..'Fr I I i n

r.1,.. 1"". p rt\.n "

rl'. p'r Il

"'

oncs. th.lush internedi.rrc eifis Dar be gnen r,r mark the bc{bte the rcal rcpa\Denl takes Placc'2
Bro$,n,

wi\ .on.er-d $iih ditie'.itiat.3 ris brafcl i:n iron th.i otA R Rrl. iieErNnlsc..s oil!n( ilona i! r.1 /1. ln.\skl! $e.I) {as.e !.dnon hn liersonil
rr Nlai .owsk

as

fd!du

or fie oLh.r hand,

hrnran

re

l.!cdthilt

)e

stud!ot(!lt!'.
ic anth opo

berrlorwas

mposslb c.

t,,

r' /!lalinowski\ Kula dcs.rit)r on is .ofrnlel.d one oi llie

sediina worlt

tr.r

$h.rcas R&1. iftc Bror I stld ed "" soci.r drd.tLrre ns an .bnra.t reflls.rtiii.nr that hc be lcle.l existed.d.p.f.lefL oi hunr.n be fgs on.oithe mon niponint d iioenes bct\te-'n the xlo theorllls wrs b.lie!ea in the irrponin.e.i inditi'l' (
," ir,
N1a

."ltu. ...tc\t.

lr

Lh. dclekrl)nenL or e<r

tm
r

d! I'p

no\ikl

wihni a.r Lt!'.. lleie

he

slt.k. oithe Krh

as

mtrfv

' itli

a.d h. ireqlenll) rciere..es rrgot.,tr! or Jr. Lve..e l) .rr. | fte a;rri $h.h wis publdre,llhr.cleirs jtrcr,1lE or.uts. The I rn two Pri.. plcs .i t ie K! a ori i red at the
a.lopte.l

!id!.r trnr\.r.tiofs

r,rking Pln(:e s mu tn reousj! Rid( iile

r.d dis.lsed r) \1i(

ss

lf

h s

w.rk !e..$i.!

t'.

8l

\' laLros L! u punqJq itr L' o r''1\ or" d r -lr tld 'l'' 'Pl ' rrr 'qr ! /lEtro$Jorlo 'l'.,','"." I fl .HU !lir l,' lr !Jq :ror l uo!5
^,"

,,:..,'1i^
,".'
f,itirn

.r a,-, I "q ti ldrro ri-^ r.., :qp.,d pJ.r'.P'rr' \ o r"'

q r F.ll .io \' '
iLoo u ' dlrrr

';""'-uoj."lr" ro..Hrlu.nt""luapuodrpul iqrP'zFlqnu' .',.r, .

,'""

; ' ".' r.rpdrr:n "W':rorb' ":,;r",' ,'-a,o,r 'o '" ,.."''''"'

i, u +"'' d. si,
'slu3uLir nbor ter SoLo!'Inl

.;", ';..r ''"'" ' I , ." r "tr", ,.,., -: or r ',d " ,, :-,r'r'u
, ll^'!, oi ! ro.F -ll , llr

on''
o_l
uiri

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!l'

nl

r ' Lfw
iln

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pu'

'lqoi
DrLSolo s'iqd

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oo -r. rr !

ueu'q pu .rJA sp-ru -srqr ,\lorluLJ n lfLll PlE st)rJ!

leiP ^

., -rr\"rt-Lllrl'
ssassod or

'

\,,, \a r'rrJ\ uFrr! 'p

,lr$ 'ro'rr Jvl r' rq ruf i.j"'"' 'i""' ,'r' p'i- """' '"- ' rlnr ur /rLU' ILt \ q .p rr' 'u ''jPur rJrrer 'rLlr ' | 'fiuJ l' 'Jr rt,lrrrrr'r t"ru!Jrr:lunl "l' \nLII '"lr"i:ur ro ' rJr'l' q' 3 rr sull'"Llr ucis rq lLl'{\ s!q1 PdE qrl4\ lri ss3ulr.lJ rurrrrllns \ !rl \rrd \' !\rr'1 r \tr.ruq1l' 'r'JJr 'ru.,Ju r1r.lo r"'L"U PJ'n'ldo \ll" .r,ruuu','ir''nb'
Lr

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/' ': 'r ,r, '"r '/:"b *rd ' 'u ' ':,',,,',',','" '' o'u:'I ;;. ':;. ,n " ' i-,,,"'"' p, p,u+q"'r'1 'qr"l'r' 't'"'"" i
qJ,,,u

,'t1t"'t'd 1 r^ r"'llrr'r'd " , ';i,; :"1 "',rr',j"J''r

turql qrlt ri)rp sr ruLod N"Iodrur )rll rLrrns !,'F Jnur' lP'.^\rJJ JU 1'rr'l rrr' In L )' ' rtlr I' lrrP 1"-r3' u',4"',,qq'"u"d'rpur J.lr!r 'lrlr+q 'r'-rli.,qur+.....^.1urrrtll' s^l!\'1 l \r !r nl .*' * L"'* ^-.r l" ','r,,i,''"t' t" r rP! -qr:ur urrrJ \ unq r' r'"\J$'\ \r eln\ Jrl' l^ !\rrPU i srl I JqrS.,ourL l, P rq "$ 'P \ rn\ Jl^ l|r '!u\ {,uJfur| ,\'l a'$j -rsnbJlr lernre slq saPlrraio rel '(q iler PuE J9r'r(ol n \Jlr Jno\ rrJ^\ ur ti,o?,r qrr4 ,1.".r'p pu' !'r I'i' nr ' 'rr' 'l J-roiJr'rqr luE ", J'1r ;'r'J'l d ontl J\rlb'r .r.,s\u'l n'

'rLlI 1, rrq' q :ti rn'u.r L'r'' un r"rrrlrr' lr:rou '' r'\upund

"'r\'crorBrur'' l,rJs),qr. (r''nr 'u-b 'l u" Jul !\.u \r\rr,u ,trr tlr'rl\ r nu" lJurtlr \ruu rl{ r' '* 'uu' lr.',r {tFI r.oru l/Jn eq, 1' '.rt'"1' i,',^'"u"t "q iir \t rlrrr)$ ri I'ur \tl'lPr$ J1 .r.r rrprs,.l FL,"qJ.dur'l ('urlu rqrqrllI rr: 'un'"J llPur' \ /do -... i" l-"' ,, ".1 "qr rr1'"r"rr'"'rrnr.1urlj ' ".',"",''; ^,;,.",;,,, "'' r o,.lFunui 1n<lo,r \ll':r"d""s 'P l u'lorl "tlr ,"';,'"','"'1"' ''"i"1 '"1r qrr\ 1")''q 'ir-l 4'\lutdJrL'Fr|!I'l)\n '.l \!l) ",1', ', ",,' '"iuriru \r.t -ut J\' ^,rd nr 'rrrr $ rll u 'rr r\r u $r 'PrLl '' Illq 'q' t" '"t.I ' ' \ur' ! !i n r rqur 'r," '. ;"' ,, ,i.i, rPtrr o\ 'rrr'l r loll' Ll Jrl " lrr" 1,','1 ,,1, 1" \u' J""l' '' lJr')d\ ' -l ur\J un4 I

lo

'!rJInl 'nu JH ". d:;rlr\,q, lu nrrJ 'JLllou' po", "'a nr n'j'ud\J ru ,il,'.'rl';,',1'. ', "' 't3 'lt ,,,. 1''q, 1 ""'r":'1q" 'ur r-re /Jr(nr 'rr-.",",' J'lr t'\ rJ'uJrl' P lue ,,qtlq rurr " *L"rl' or P:r'rdr" l;,o;, "r u'l{ '''i';'l';'',r rreu \ '\r\flo(l r \u$^ .. tr',r' .||"r"r.' iJ.rPU rLlr Jr) l I'uL J\rE o*I .il r",r '"lrlp

'r\u, 'lrr\ L'\\Jrrl,ri "i1r11 "'"'"';'' *rrur JLllrrrr'' r",to. f r' \u^nuJ\uur \rl PJJrU 'uou,,,t." r' .,,,,,;,,. , ,,,,;".' ,';'".'""' ,'':JL ':\'' "H' -!\ \pn rrrJ'Jr,r "qr \,1l"'""'r'I"r 'r' 'ur1u '\'r -,rr"d rpr,r .Jurr,.' rr rr'rl \r tsurJnrPJi 'lLlr ul -"'i, "1,.u'-p',',,q1-..J'rl ''u ru l'1'ru Ll:j'rr -prn: ,qr Jq ll'\, oi: rJl r 'r'tr l?'' 4Frt urrul ir r'r:'rd n,r, l*r'lurt' 'rr rr' r')d'l' lrrs 'irF'rJ' nl rrL| ar!rr,urrd 'rtl rr '.u '\rrr'urIl ul qrl'!n u, r', 'urJl -\rrr'urrd r$ rr lJ lr'r ,p.r'rr" ', "'. rJUr/urt J,lr'r !sP:\'Ero rul ornuqrrnl rur :ur, rtb! to r ur"PJ 'U \rrtlr \lrJ)rrorul ;".' " "' ." pi '1 ',";', -.'"u !u'uu H 'rrrd Jrtl ul nurrrrnr-lrr' 'u uurld "LUrqIUr ' Ji_\r\ re.!i J,ll ,Ir' \ P'rP rlrlnr$ \nJPsnr rPnnrrp P r"r,,.,u."''l_, ).lr lo t' Pil rue'rodur \r:\ \rrJr 1,," r" i","'"' J$ rrH iurL.rrq '|Llr In J '"1 Ll!u $ I 'J LUr rqr 'q or '.,) rrr' n Jqrrurlio\rrerl 'n\ "r )!r or lur Jloll$ )rP 'rJql tr''l\\ ue tu rir n r":" ,rur|J'q Eut 'tro' |n 'urau ;; -,.",,,',",,'",* r.r,p "u '',11.'11 'rq '.Fur o.' u,'i'.Jj^'p,,1;''" r' r'Jr 'tlr ru)lP'rrrbJ i", . ,1'u ',"'n"' 'P u''ri 'l'rr'r J'lr ll
'111

L9I

it'ro14l,I\ t$ls',ota ',111\

lo slbrrta\':l

'!J

rr r r.- r). \./ip!,

mean that pcople

1;P" ' I n"lir\ rh, '" L;.1nnrrr,'sulat r!i rr,.ir. urJur r. l hi. Ju. ' ,ar
'it

the main gifi has ro bc tepa on a tunrre occasjon. and the lasi is giren in lolcj1 of good
nP r-t.,,'l l{ n. in "'.1' h, I L the me.1nlimc bv a gift ol s mall arnrshells Thc final lrift, which sill be gilcn to me to clnrch lhc

th$c

resentmerlts and ercn fcuds.

equilalent for lhc object rcceired, hc may not be able to do so. And then, as there is rh'?]s a lieen conDctition to be the nost senerous gi!r, a nar Nho'has receircd less than he gave ri'ill Dot Leep
meannessi the od1cr resents it, atld thc quarrel is rcadt to Lrrcak out. But it is vclyimPo ant to rcal'

It is ob'ious thar, lran! Lo gn'e a good hour*r rnuch a nan ffa\

saUsficd, and lhat ate no squabbles abo t dle lrrnsactions. no

;re allravs

r'holc rransaction. 'rould then be called kda (chichiDg gili) in contras! !o lidsi" (lo. cil.. P 99).
p1erel,,- ru1ei1

hs uit,:nr. ro \in\ll, l,Ll'rrl tr|g -b"rrr li' r,i. p n ",' n$ r e.n, rn\ir\ 1.o iurt,'F ir 'u

isc tirat thcre is no actual haggljng. no tcnderL) to do a man oui olhis siure- The giver is quite as kcen as rhc re.eivcr rhat the eift should bc gcDer-

tbrdiffocntreasons'lhen, of course. thoe is thc imporlant considcration that a man atha.t a uho is fair and gen$ous iD thc Kula '!ill ri l.'r eet strt.'rr r" hrm'clI rhJn :i riern unc ll " r$" m"in p in, p.' r ' r."l\ lr'r rh 'r rl" liula is a sitl rcpaid aftcr an inlcllal of limc br a
ous. though

countci'sift. and not

barterirgi and second,

Lhat

the equj;leDt rcsts rith the giver. and canno! bc Frlu',.o, ,ur c.rrrrh' e 'c"r th'gelr rr:",.:,int canied on, rvill gne a sullicieDt prcliminan ca I r u..r1p"." r r',r l. , \i Il'I r"'rr' r.i possessjon ofa pair of big arm-shells {n olerseas

baclt on the erchange these underlie all thc fr,n<a.tions. A .oncrele olrthle r,f horv the\ arc

.\ne(lri.,! lrun, Irol' r i , ' r rll rre. '.r" u' nr I lrre" lrl, rine , nn lr'.1-rp"lar.o. rri'.. jt nr arni shcll shcll, I tatrc Pair and I ollcr to m! ."nc ll:i' $arJ':'' \ irl ' ' u\,h.a\ 1,'rrc,.

Althoush haegling and hargaining arc conout of the Kula, there are custonary and relaultltcd ntis of bldding for a pic,cc ol a 1oo"n to be in thc posse*ion ol orcs 'dtga partner. This is done bl the ofto ofwhat re shall call soli.iirr] glfts, of rtrich lhcre are sevcral llpcs. tf I, u tuhabitant of Siialcta, luPPer lo bc in possessior ola pair of a n shclls more ilun usuall-vgood. Lhc fame ofit strcads, for it nus! Lc rcnrenbered that cach one of Lhc first'class rru shelLs and nccllaces has a pcrconal name and a history of its o$r, and as t!e) cn culate around lhc big ring of the Ku1a, the,r arc al1 s,eJ1 loroiu. and !hcir appeamn(c in a giren district alltals creal(s o scnsatioD. No\r, all m1 Partlcrs \vherher lrom orcrseas or fron $ithin the djslri.t conPelc for the hvour ofrccciling rlis porlicular article ol mtuc. and those who are specially l,:cn trr to ob tanr it \sivinsncpok/a (offertugs) and hariDat, (solicitan gifts). Thc fbmrer fpolvrla) consist as a rulc of plgs, espec al1-r'fine bananas, and lanis or taroi th.latter ILrtlrrlrl are of grcaicr vaIue, dr. valuahlc, large arc Llades icalled llah). or linc spoons ol s,hale bonc arc gilen" (loc .jt . p. lonl lhe furthff coniplicalion in the rcparnent ol these solicilart' gifis and a ftrv more techricalities and technical cr?ressions connecled hde$ith $ill be giren hto on tu Chipt.r lV.

ugd (opening giftl-in dlie limc, thou r.turnest ro mc a bis Jo,/ar, (nc.klace) lbr itL Nc\l \car nt p rr (t' \i1"".' he crtr" r I' n rh.r'I'.t 0u.., '.io ul 'n Fq,,i' ,1, ,r re' h. e n'l rh ' h" !\$ ro ,rp.,. 'air" r, rr rn:i r', nr l" lF n 'r " iedJacc gool cnough to rcpa) m\ last gitt. In thjs .a'"1,, vil'!i'.red.,n'll n',1.c" r'"" Jlr n"r Fqr i'ilc r r" n\ grlr ' d \. "r1:ir- it t" Ia': rirt.'r,d-n ei I lhi' l-dr'r,'r

VI
I La1 erluneralcd the niah rulcs of the Klla in
manner
a

nori

a prelirrtinar-\' definidon. and a fewNords mLrst be said aho t the associated

slticicnt for

'n. ''

realis. that at tiDcs the schangc has to talc place ! Nolic. how M-linoNski acknowLedg.s dre I esen.e oi coni ictb!t m nirn zes ceftect. For him, coniLl(1ex sts but .oes fot dr ve the srncm; int rer, t s an aLretrrrlon inwh.i
ls

hL,iri".,nd."(old"a ".p",

r.

" rl"(l'.

ll "e

I Nob/e55e oblr8e, be.cvo ent a.cl honorable behrvlol orlgjnalv ihottht tl) be an obllgation oi pcFofs oJ high

g.feElL!

snoolh lv l!

n.ln,. fu

orga rl5m

orr-, r d --d .ro r r. o '13 u ro :'ri'" i .o' ' dL 'lr P'e 'dro rop d'r r',t-,' ' .o q', r. 'o o r' ' ' rl\'o'rl h d r 'r rl ru'pr'ilr 'r--.3".p.t., r '!.tqot,l r'\ o t9)o. poor' "l,L ' "q o'"

".r'*-u-,-q np Iro'riAP.iog"e

^d q .r |'d1'\'u r'/ ur ie d b '!orl r\.r .''d o '..tt. rn\.dq "dP -ulal,, cqr pue uoten,asqo luEdl'r]rPd 'r!Ll slLlr l r'ln igrl! '.lod aFM t..pL;soqN suPF{D aqr ple slsruoisnlr P -loupol si )ls^\ouLler! {t p.lrartp sr ]i.sn!r.q luo]]odursr

o ' o'- ol' "\' so J -\\'

Jd, rPdJ a,-t{,o.od, ',d !r,\'pauoLllaullparlrd 1.^o!r "".o]r,"rf|*ntou,"op .' .',,.,.",o.1r " P.|u- Pl ' t'/ ", '.' ,, .;,q ,: t ." .1 qlM l..l or rrulpd e itrnpur ol ur^r8 slluFro 'qr rlql anlE rrloq rrJ -rLl orrq8lra alllL $N3eq s grJorsntr' tpu' .ql 'sr 33teqtrxa l'rl} l!!orPl suarLlo Lt}!^\ uls{Luo .""r. {.',

oo, : d. u rp r "l -\ '''o' 3 ri o"' !\J d ro r'rr' tor q pt') ,.'o \r'"o-Jrrr'3'r'

J'I'vr'r'',o' Pd .'.l orrl

ru.uuDr

o| lJJr

r,LlsMourl!t\r

lo

LPtrrrlr riaM nsLo'ql rar!l

\,rollnrt'.ut \tt' rr' P 'ltdur ' J 'rrrP " 'rn \rLlr "ll u.,ur | \J'ro \irPuou\ \r r!r rlr nJP \'r\ rrr Jlr lurF' Lr \fl rur \e ,'qr pu. 1 ''.u'u,l -"urr 'n\l -u.l 'P Pr r 'u" t<r'r ' ,' "r rlrlnlosqc rlqPsuJdslPu -uoJsru iea\E rraF or tlu" t u ,!r' '\Lq l'l'\IPLP l'r'18 'l ,',,,1 '"'1 '"'1" -",,,1. 'i'" i" 'indu'J "'n'r ""'*t',"Jt,errLld uL SulloaP rou !'r' I ir'\r{oq !r rnq 'p:rloPDos .i1*"' ^r P,rr t'.'ur ''r'r:u r'1r31111'dtul ,. ";1 uJrr|'uru' \r' \luo rlrrl !u' frPr llPU< '.1tnrll\ ' rru'rrr \lr { Jrlr (t .1q \.{rq s \ru \u tu tl lF '! ,n u, ,pJJdp tr,n durylrrq-JU' I ' T're Jt r'\rllnn 1n' 1 u rr:qr ,3n': P!' 'r'r:ulu

e uo spuerlgo{ .qr q qsu suenqo(l 3LF PU'r 'uoorrt eorruBq !I snliPuods aq1 IoJ J^rP s cr

'Itr' ruJlrru.rl'r1FJ'lr r"''nul'!$ r r'1lr'rrli .''r p,,p,rq u"j" '1,' 1' ' 'o' ur"' t" srr' ," rtt'"e 1,t' runr, 'r'r.rr,l r\JLlr JU Jrrl'\ 'J\rr' l{ r'{r or P . '"1',,,,r,ao ,",, '*.t '" 'ouJdll " IFJ 'LUn\ulr'ld ss-a"'ur """'.' qny "q1or:)rueilodur q siluHr o$t Jqr n'r'rLurPruqn\ sr qr \q rnJ ul | 'rr) u u", ', 'o' r br' 'rtrl )Jdn.d rlnl J lr ut u "l'r! .,t.,\ ro uptuu\, 'r' 1" rr'1uJ' u Dq J"q JP|ri ir,:J prn J.lr PJ' aJ flll'l ioJi ' JLlr Llruu ' rrrrx' '..'.;i ",'; '{1 or Pue raqrou. 3.o or Pr#ar
v1r{\ uopBLsr Ddord

.,1er',. aqr ''|dur,r':o 1 \'J'r\u s ' irnu\rr lr nl rtu JLrr tu turo. uu.r^r Jrlriluuan rurro)1P unn rJ.lr un rru,.j'J . '\'reu :Lr' \'\ rtlr ''r' \ rrrPlt)r ut eLuoq re PaIsJP srritgo rLIr rol n'rcl o1 raPro ur p"'*".i1."p p..ll,, r.,1'srouiled Jql or sluas'rd miesi) ua,!8 $ siqt lo rltuos 1)Irrsrf seesrr^o:)qr ur rtqprrsap lsour rq or dsou)i E s1r stsu'qr qrns iuJi 'l Punoq Prr:'\uno \r'tF tn osrp) e .)',,"' r)P '!,rt"e\r \rq or {u \",d Frlu o' J,tl' Ju or !'srto sllods {o u'ufBV isud.r"rra rarF lo 'qr q]l.r uoPel ILII)F rrull qr.a urnr siolEs Pln)l J,tr '.Jun,r u'^ rrJ' lr nr'uqr'"p"*"p", \Jrrruno ) lin-rrJ nrn rine\u\ qrrr Jn 1"r . 1"'r' ^ 'q' 1" r,,qrr '"r11 :qr r'\rou\ tunnq \lqp\ut\/ur lrnun,l rue'r'dur rJf ur rrlr Jr $"1 r\,u PJqL I'HrJn ', 'rdL t '. I ul

q rnil rq 1stllu sairpnrE P3rR oslir ra^rtroq sratl nell)Bqns 'rrosst Pur? s'rl 1r'.r.q P.uonraur rq or :d'l' r' pu. Jo rJrr I lr"r tP 'r' P 'qL lvP Jq I'r$^luo {laf ,o!. Jq, durPlrr q Jn' L' '>'1r ''f I lr'\ iqr nf or upururr),d .rrorrrlr)d\ ' 3u'PLrr rn"rr Ju uorl Jqr s)E"lrr\ t'rlu \JLlr . qr PUr eur.qrt JU ,-.: ro -"r' ur\\J Lu J\r Jrn \urtl nr Jl'q !url iqr ur rnr' \ lPlrdr Jo '"r""',. '",t| 'u',",1"6 \rlrlli icr)leur\ ruu Jrr \u' uIu r/u rsnPUr Jql Ju 'rJU,FUr rol \n \Jrrr'Jr Pl r\ Itll qJn' r'qr lun lc1qr vL ,:"ur lrrF y"rlrl'lu" ' \r JP' rr puJ rrJrflrru tlr uo Ll Lrq p,'1'1 ,q1 -"'

'q|o

,qlt s.,'trlL, .trnoJqriruu.Jrrl 'rJ:Ll$ \runl!IJ |,'Pr\^*P '!ur ru d u rrrrIlrrrnur'|unrl aql Io '$lrr IeJLseu FrurPltrul iql ]o'1I or P'qJel -i1 t nru'r)rJ'r' rn 8tt 1'|nr1 'nu"t 1" ' tt ""r pJ,r"r)p rrll \'trrb' f {lL rrLrrlJ'c r\ lr lu rurrur ru un'r'ru\JP' -,r u,: J)flquJ rr1'L elrt J'lr r" lu rrlrnd u uo \J,, a PJr ,)uuu I Juo dLuJ luE p r.r'' {. \Jqr ru Prrr' Prn\ rqr or \"r'Pr'ln' 'r: r!J'tr [\ irLarrt'J Jll'o unrru'rue:jrn,errn' Pu' Jqr JU :rr ruuNr\ur'I -'"i. r" u""q a'1 n'rrp ',lu ( d Jlr Iqn'!l'r^Ju,rrrP(l ''uP) lo nurulrnq J,., 't,eLn."u"J !P1r'\ 'lrr\ itlr tp'$ lrrerroq ! JU'r,'o (,Er\ ..; ,i-,;.,''"' ,,'.,,''",', u"'r'j-a" ''.' rru u'er nr (r'\\JJ rd rr' 'uorr -ered3rd rlqsrrPrsuor rRqr aruo N ieaP sruorrq I ..\rpp p 'ru u!'de or 3J J ',) n' uP I'uP 'llP' \q rL ; r'"'rL{$ tr\'.r u, i|q )tduJ,'JU r)auru \ rFJ{rrq Jrrl\rP ,,,o ** ''-',:."r \q tllPr\rl
s1'111t'\s

qsaou.:,lr,t rr,l.1uoq ''11\ "!1 lo

I 'LlI

t70
themselvcs. Bv studying lhe behaviour of the natives and all the customs in question, $'e see lhat the ltula is ib all respects rhc main aimr the daks are li\ed, thc prelininaries scttled, the er?editions ananged. thc social orgiuisation detennined, not Fith regard to hade, but \!jth regard to ltula. On an epedition, the big .ercmonial feast, held at the start, ref$s to th Kula; the final cerenony c,l reckoDin!. aod countinq thc spoil refers to Kula, not to the objects of tr.dc ohtained. Finalll the nagic, rvhich is one of the main factors of all the procedure. rclirs only to thc Kula, aDd tliis np plies eveD to a Patt of the n.gic carned out over thc.anoe. Sonrc ntes in the wholc cvcle are done for thc sake of d1e .anoe itsell .hd others for the sakc of Kula. Thc construction of the canoes is al

wat's canied on direcily in connection sith a Kula expe.tition. All this. of course. q'ill become really clear and conrincing only alter the detailed account is giveh. But it rvas nccessary at this point to sel tie right Perspectilc in the relafion betirccn the main Kula and tlie trade Ot course not orllv many of thc surounding tribes who knos,nothing ofthe Kula do build ca' noes and sail fu and daringly oD trading cr:peditioDs. but clrn witlin the ltula rnrg, in thc Trobriamls for nrstance, there are sc\'cral villages sho do not trla, ],et have canoes and catry on r\( hul. i' entsr."r:, o\Fr.er. t 'J. B,rr hl,"'c practiced, it governs ill the oiher dlicd activities, r rrde rr rJc 'ul*iJian , "nd .rooe b, rrld i rg.'nJ "re to it. And this is expresscd both by Lhc nature of theinstitutionsandtheworkingof all the.ffangcments on thc one hand, and by the beha'iour and c\tli. it ,r.,rcm.rr\ ol rlI rrrri', " on rh, urher'

signiicant though jls nucleus might appear. To the natives. it rcprcscnts one of the most vital nl te.ests in 1ife. and as such i! has a cerenonial character and is surroundcd by nagi.. We can well imagnre that afticles ol wcalth nlght pass from hand to hand withouL ccrchonv or ritual, blrt in the lftla they Dever do. Ercn s,hcn at times on1,v small panies in one or L*'o canoes sail overseas and bnng bach ralga',r, coLain taboos are obsened, and a custonary coursc is taken in departing. in saihrg, aDd h arilirgr clcn the smallcst eapedition in oDe canoc is a lribal elent of some importance, lnorvn and spokcn of orct the s,holc district. llut the characterislic cr?cdition is onc in s'hich a considerable numl*r of canoes Lake pat, orgadsed in a ced.dn manhcr and fbnn' ing onc hodli Feasts, distibuljons of fbod and other public ceremonies are hcld. there is one h"a"r ind m".r"r uf rh..'I aliriun. 1n.l ,ario,rrules arc adhered to. nl additioh to the ordinary

The Kula jt becones, I hope, nore .rnd riore,le"r- ( a l,ig. . urntli, 'red i r'r irrliun. in

h rl.r. \r "'h, r ,\'r", , ul n,J!i, ,l nr.. ' d"ne i, ordcr !o alcrt thc dansers of sailnrg. Thc third rys' rrm ol rn.reit ronnected s 'Li ur.r- .'' crt' diti" is the or thc Kula magic proper. This sys'najla in numerous ites and spclls. all of tem consists which act direcdy on the nintl i@olal of onc's paftner, and nakc hin soft, unsteadv in mind, and eager to gilc Kula gifts" (loc. cit., I,. 100).t'g
of his mcntor, StJames Frazer. Frazr, a popu ar $eorlst

borrd ut, rvirh anorh"' "f t. J\r.'r\ n19,. "Thc bclicf in the eHiciencr of nasic dominates the Kula, as it does e\@ so nrny olhcr trihal actiF ilics o[ thc nati'es. frIagical ri!.s must he performcd ovcr the sea-going caroe whcn it is built, h ordo 10 make it srvift, sread) and safe: also n.gic is done over a canoe to malc it luckv in the

Kula taboos and obsenmces. Thc coemonial nature ot thc Kula is stnctly

his

ime working out the inLrre aiions ol elcmcnts wthin a iciety. SlnriLarl), Ma inows, disdcsed popular d It " slonlsts slch as w. ts. R. Rives lnd Cralion Elliot Smith

o r

opoog)

,o j,rj . tri.drro-T, ,

{l871-l93/),
gan in

an.lcnl [gypi

who were tryjng to ptuve that al cuhurc be_ rid d]ffused trod thcrc.

,1 roL , n J , l " \a 6r I'lJ.' .r apo "r e\', and Ma i.owskl discuses fie subjecl n otherchaplets oi Argonalts and ln his .ter works Magi., s(ien{:e, rDd Rerg/o, (r 954 I 925)) aft .-.tal C arlc nt antl r he i M agt.

tive societies h.d maSlcal be icfs and other supedi rns be causelhey had sohe rbrm olprinr ti\ mentr ity and werc lncapab c oiscient Jl. thougln Concerned with presenling people in slmpe so.ietcs as rato.., Mr liowski was

caEt!lto distingunh

the

coft.xls

in which maSlcwas usccl.

lre arSued thal lh.TrobriandeE wef,- just as intclLgenl ts

anyonee seand lsed mag c in cir.unsta.c.s that were beyond rrtnrna control. Thus, maslc had a

q..

\4

||,o..kh\ -. .gdg"i-.rl-a Fo.

o,

iono,

, trp"d!

prldological fun.'

blP

i,

n,

!ll 'lrld!l I l'u u, "Jro ^3.

'Ipoq JqrJo ua$.(s lrore n1itr aqlal I paouDrBerP.q uer r raslis LEr6.{qd E tr uelsls E sr e n)

.'r.

rqror'd_ I' r'L r'lp'e

lrns .l,l pueDlor1 ]o slradqr raqF lor '^, '\d'i loulDr auo +rcd pae ix.rlrlo uilsls u seaarn]!.i lDql la .q si )tsaou, PN arPlsuouip sldrr8.rPd a^o!! rqlr
'Sulptrnq

iourr Irqor'ir''.r

sp

)FuPqJlc Lrurrl sEesi.^o PI'r)I 'qr aql rnogE ueql suotriPe&e 'tll

Jo 1ol

ino.t, {e\o1/JUu l,PPooirJ\url{olJ'Jq'llrrl' | \i \rtJ, \'Hd'u,t"rd PU' r urlir'ro/rd .lu Jroru i*,,,", .,.".," rrrdl,Jr \'ut 'iJ..r ueuolsnr rlPruuudr) ) puL rr rr tn '!rlq rr '!rouqrntrr 'rEeu u'e'ub.' *1' {, 11 'tn\ JqrJo rr",l 'rrl'r)Er'r''d'

sals aq r . our.(aqr iroJ.q strru'\o tert{es jiul8ll1rllr uaqo qrlqs '!pueq (]1 pueq uo.g prssed alo saPgre aqr .uo 3uo]e astu m aPeI PuELul a$ s! 3irqr Pru

LUru.,qr rLt rq !. r \unrrrPJtL\''

'er!

)\o

i q rlu

aloqa. ipuorrs .qr ul JirlF\ eqr ulqrld uer. pue raqlouE ol )8PIL ouo tuo{ soLrnlr Jo iiuipPll ruaueured .gorqJ e srcrrqr lsrU .9r uI pes eqr iq pap+lp s.!]Itr1uLuotr o,$r uJJsl.q mqd sa{el saplrero riutqN rql qrql\ u' suotr rp.d\a seisra^o Elq Jtll lo \Puor.s Pue s.qF nuuoJ snon8rluor ro tr1nnnuuo. r?l'ry B url{rrM ilLl?rs .qr suorttrr?suBr1 Llrur.lur +o lsrs .iojrrailr rLJ$ r8ueqrra ,gL srlqrnlB eln) 'isrsrsuor .{Jqt qrtq.{ al!1r '.iaqds IeIJos tr3urr PrE Irlno

ert srlqenN^ Io lunouE rlqEraP'ssoi ssaL ro Jrn,u I rlr u\ uhu"rrrl'"4\ ' 'r''u"'o irq "'lr Jr' .| iqr r!,q:\r'u\ oqr jo ',su.Lrrur !l uo P\urLr sr r8ueqr\a BlqI .qr 'r^oqE P'cs u.eq q sV
$nl, pr ', s ilru t, r,'

r..

'lrrlsqB ur

'rrorrPr\Jl'u'u lPn ' -'L i.lrll )qr"FlPnr tur' '-nPr\ )\r*JJJn' I )cJ r.','or'l \"qr o,l \o,l' "ldo ',1 tur tlr'{ Ir/r ' -uoi) o]ur rrp'atr rq1 Buuq or 'r(ltlertruor luDlro'{ qt urlil\r or 'slql roJ Irrssrrrtr sl 1l uotln]9s
ru

\qr

-ui t"rJos fltunq c Jo suPuersraPun LlnJ arll raperr eqr or : uor uorlu$aP P.ijPIrqB ou l'19 'IBrrp u SuDIro.t s1r BurqdJsJP aroJ.q uo{]nl!s

IrPs 1u.,np1 lBrruaB r:3^I3 rl1 r'Pro ur "qr s.Jau sPl\ sql, lnor^Bqrq Pue JJ{aq 'uorsntr J^,rRu UI r'\oP PlEl rr. ieqr s'? srlnr ;lge+euiar rsour .q1 'sarnluu ruJrl'?s rson srt rrqlo .ql rr1 raII; ur.q seq q'ry aqr Jo )r? ruo palRraurnua I rieuErls lroqs e ialdEw s'qr ul uoq$qJp '(EoI d "rD rol) ,.iuu rq1 u3 pur^r -\ Jrl 'ru Pur \ll/tl!rLrn t,,i{ t,u', J,tr. ,,,i.r J lr r4il 'dI PJ'r PUe PJ(" \r rD 'r Jll rJqrnuP ur lrur\rf !uu rru4 JPLjI uPrPr' -en\ tu luP r xPr u s/'rlru" rb 3l'l 'J\n Eulrl \ln.ri ourt't \nnrF\ rur ')qrrrJur t"".r'urrrtio\J '1"";"" \r/{J10 lb!Puuid qJrr! )url 11)rt 1",r".. 1".'.'r,",,p.rr ulnt rlll f l0l 1l

-i,

aurs aqr e^Eq Pue !srcP03l uou'uo) r^sq luou 'u.,) q r.:ul rl.qr uroJrad 'suonresriBir r'lny oqr ur,(poq e salre oqr plrc 'suorlLPadx. sersra^o uo rerFc:.,1 rno o:j o'{M isr,-tLlh }o riqNnu "'q '{lrrr p.u Jnr'Ib p to 'r\r.uoJ \trun,uruo, 'lr\l \ a'{ qJrq{ etn) rl rgn 'nuLuoJ lerol IIPI tteqs -oiros Lruuar e slursar(l Il)qa lo ilr'?r 'srl)rrr lo requrnu E ars 3.t., i\ d.'l{:l EulJurlD PouLlsP IP.r arr 'pelnuJrr are uolrLPadxa u.: lo sraquJlu aqr qJrq^{ uro4'srlull Lrrqda?orn rql liig }qrJEur r."ll'rp Jlo,lq " '\rrrru lu Iqrt'tu rr Jrrl ,: {q Jo n)u" ' Jr' .' urrtJdu etn! iq ,Ll l 'ur^r8 aq LU,{ lrJo runol SuusJr)1 u -.p ue {{r.l.teq) PuE ru"lodur Pnr -u sr uortnosst iq.L l,os P.r '?r srsrq.uBLluour rqt qtlu 'tuolaq lou oP sPufliqorJ rlr'l LlJIql\ ()1
'slrFlslP unriler u' P;rqJosst osle s'.:Lnll

'(o0l 'd'rD .ol) ,,suo0 rua8 suri{o o} aqr roj .lq$so.I Eln) rtll .PBu slqi puB ' &E lrfl !o PePunJ ir\l l"Lp rrEl . s"r,.rur lrr)\Jt rr"tlrrul 'lrrerJU(l ,,lr ,' ',,' u, nrq, rn8 'uur.nr lPq rr \1 Prsu l^ \lJ\ul\ roL \r rl,r{$ ru,p,' d r: iuru Irur11rr'" ioqt
nrl3t rtaqr,{q PUB'srl)'rrsqo lunourns
'cuJ 4ar11r;nhuor or s:a8ueP

.qI

ol

seru

ir{1

.8prL.\otDt terl?lrn leql or ;u$O suon -!prd\.8uueP Pue lmrrsiP uo P.Ies srols:ru'

rd.rs.

or

slqt aia{

" :1" .'"1,

all,I Furyct 'uottre '1,r'" 'u',r1nur. -srerl .{uelu os rcn3 trl {ll)arotr arou !o '!o!rE -suer1 srloluora rtro ur PaBGqrx. .re 'rlul:l e re s.lJnrr putsnoqr r; ra^o rr1 EulrnouB 'srlq'rnFa I|,t
ntr@1iott{ ,n

sanors iEJrq u ueq.!{ s.tuu llo rP+ rnoqr PIor r.l1] araril,, rJJ! E sr qJrLta uI BInx alp Jo ,i8oloqr,(r 'puiSal Jo erols .;EL slr seq osllr 1nq uorl.PuLloJ rtll lEuolirDrrr 'urIJ E uo sts.r iluo 1ou tF rsrreurli LIIL( sL se Prr':) lrnuou.rsr Put PJIEEU -nosslr trIesotr os.ro!1n1l]su uP 11rqr iecLr sl rl

ora 'bl'ry .W Jo spu!.ssq

,1r

172 As rhe Kula customs and beliefs have 1,.-' nainly studicd ih Bo\o$8, that is, the trobnand lslands, and from thc lloloran point of fierl I shall describe, nr the hrst placc, the tlplcal course ofan orerseas erpediLion, as it is preparcd, organir J, "nd . "rr-l u,.r i orn rl-c lrnhri,rd.. Bcgin ningsith the coDstruction of lhc .anocs. procccding to the ceremonial launchine and thc !isits ol formal presentation ol canocs, tc shall choosc thcn the community oI Snraketa, and lollou thc nrri'cs nn "ne oI rh.rr uv r.r.. ,Jit.. J,*.,i1'i, e it in all dctails. lhis \rill sene us as a tYpe of a Kula e.rpcditjon to distant laDds. It tlill then be
i,
rD_! stnead olSoods among narii?s is achieltd br noncconomlc nreans. such as robheri, tributes and gilts.

'f,,"'r wirh Biicher's \iess, ' coDrpltible nor could he hale nunrhnred drenr hld he bee. acqnanrted sith IraF , r , d*,,ip.i,, , ,,f I Hi,i ', n,, .,inFd in \"litr' ,. "
A unmar} olthc rcscarch.lone oD Pnmitn Eco nomi.s- sho'ving, in.nlcnrally. how littlc rcal, smd $orl has bccn ac.omplihcd, will bc l;und nl Pdtcr\ /.

ll,

,{ ..,,ii,pd

hFf"+.r 'ol"n-,.i,-

IGtFr\ "Die tlhnologischc U/ncrhalld;rschunla" ti X xl, l9l5 16, pp. 611 651. lnd
971 ^n1htuj16. 1079.'lhe arti.le is very useful,

m.r' differ in orho hranches of the RLila. ancl for thii purporc I shall dcscribe an eqredition from Dobu, aml onc hcftvcen lftiwina and l(tava. Ar account ofinland Kula in the Trobriands. ofsome associated forms ol lrading and of Kuh nr the renaining branches will complete the accoont. ln the next ch.pl$ I pass, lherefo.e. to the prcliminary stages ofthc Kula, i. the Trobnands, bceinning with a des(iplioh ofthe canoes.
NOTLS

dr,:,rrJ in "hir iini"Ir. r' ',r,1, . \p",lir'"r'

ehere rhe aulhor summarises the \ie$5 of others. r,Pr.rlessor c. G. seliSnran, op. cit.. t. 91. states rhar arn sLells, tocn, as drer are called hy the Nlotu. are rradc.l lrom thc R,rt

\ldesb distric

vest\ard to $e

Gull ol

.By 'curdrl !ie'"t" I n,ean ch $ is lo bc hund in tcxtbook and in pa$ing ren rk, scatrercd lhrough cconomic and edrnological lircralure. ,^s a baffer ol 1dcl, Economics is, subjccr !er! seklonr touched uton .ilher in theorticd $ork or lrlhnologti orn, ac..rnts
ot lield'r'orh. I havc cnlarged on this deficieDcy nr the article on "Prn tilc !conot,i.s, ' pu hlished nr the E., nami. lorntal, \tat.l1, t921. The besr dnr\sis ol lhe t rohlen of slage ccon

nr K. Biich.r's lrrhstrial Erolu tn)n. ' lnglish traNla inadcqrale. ln a.cordaDce rvith
saldgcs

on\n,,h

l"'"l ,,

'."

' r,r''\"t
lis

r, -..

tion. 1901. On trimitjve tra.lc, horv.v(, his !ic$s lrc

general vicw thai

h!!e no nadmal cconon!, he rnan,hiis d,at

.ies ofPrinritire E.ononrics. I do ro vant t<, orcrload tlis.hlpter with guotdtn)ns. is h, ly ncccss!'r- pcrhaps to Nakc il quilc clear 'll lhal rli quc(ions ol origins ol dc!.lopmcnr or history ol rhc insliluLions hlre been rigoroud-! nrled out ol this work. lhe hi{ing ut ofstecolafie or hl?od]etical rie{s lvith an account offlcts is, nr ml opinion an rn pardonahle snr asanBt ethnographic mcthod.

\er\' high prices, ut ro 130, bech morc than c p! lbr the sarne ani.le amorg ihe Nla$jm. 'This and thc follouirg gnotrinnN ar. lrom thc A! lhor's prclnnhd4 articlc on thc Knla nr Ma'?, Jnh 1920. Arriclc numbcr jt. p. 100. 1,, o . er no, .o Le Cr il) ol ,n' oh' {en' ) i, ,.ing loosel! lhe $o ".ereft,onial' I shall define i! trnefly I shall .all an a.tion ceremonial, if it is (l) tubllc, (2) .anied on lnder obsenD.e ofdefinite formalitiesi (l) il it has $cioloSical, .eligious, or Drl8ical import, and it caries $,ith it obligdxrs. "this is nor a L;ncilul consrn,ction of (hat an enoreous otinioi night be. for I couLd gnt actnal ex,mt es trori,rg rhat such opnrions hare been set forth, but as I am not gilin8 here a critici$D ofensdnS theo

Nloab! lhc!

Papua.

Anong thc Xloiu and Koitu. nc,r Port

arc

lighl! !!lucd,

and nosadays drrain