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Copyright
Copyright 2004 SAP AG. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP AG. The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. Some software products marketed by SAP AG and its distributors contain prop rietary software components of other software vendors. Microsoft, Windows, Outlook, and PowerPoint are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. IBM, DB2, DB2 Universal Database, OS/2, Parallel Sysplex, MVS/ESA, AIX, S/390, AS/400, OS/390, OS/400, iSeries, pSeries, xSeries, zSeries, z/OS, AFP, Intelligent Miner, WebSphere, Netfinity, Tivoli, and Informix are trademarks or registered trademarks of IBM Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation. UNIX, X/Open, OSF/1, and Motif are registered trademarks of the Open Group. Citrix, ICA, Program Neighborhood, MetaFrame, WinFrame, VideoFrame, and MultiWin are trademarks or registered trademarks of Citrix Systems, Inc. HTML, XML, XHTML and W3C are trademarks or registered trademarks of W3C, World Wide Web Consortium, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Java is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. JavaScript is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc., use d under license for technology invented and implemented by Netscape. MaxDB is a trademark of MySQL AB, Sweden. SAP, R/3, mySAP, mySAP.com, xApps, xApp, SAP NetWeaver, and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG in Germany and in several other countries all over the world. All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective companies. Data contained in this document serves informational purposes only. National product specifications may vary. These materials are subject to change without notice. These materials are provided by SAP AG and its affiliated companies ("SAP Group") for informational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind, and SAP Group shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP Group products and services are those that are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services, if any. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty.
Authoring Environment
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Icons in Body Text

Icon Meaning Caution Example Note Recommendation Syntax
Additional icons are used in SAP Library documentation to help you identify different types of information at a glance. For more information, see Help on Help General Information Classes and Information Classes for Business Information Warehouse on the first page of any version of SAP Library.
Typographic Conventions
Type Style Example text Description Words or characters quoted from the screen. These include field names, screen titles, pushbuttons labels, menu names, menu paths, and menu options. Cross-references to other documentation. Example text EXAMPLE TEXT Emphasized words or phrases in body text, graphic titles, and table titles. Technical names of system objects. These include report names, program names, transaction codes, table names, and key concepts of a programming language when they are surrounded by body text, for example, SELECT and INCLUDE. Output on the screen. This includes file and directory names and their paths, messages, names of variables and parameters, source text, and names of installation, upgrade and database tools. Exact user entry. These are words or characters that you enter in the system exactly as they appear in the documentation. Variable user entry. Angle brackets indicate that you replace these words and characters with appropriate entries to make entries in the system. Keys on the keyboard, for example, F2 or ENTER.
Example text
Example text <Example text>
EXAMPLE TEXT
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Authoring Environment...............................................................................................................3 Creating and Distributing Web-Based Instructional Content ..................................................3 The Role Concept of the Authoring Environment ...................................................................3 Working with the Authoring Environment ...............................................................................3 Messages ............................................................................................................................3 Online/Offline Editing ..............................................................................................................3 Objects and Structures in the Authoring Environment ...........................................................3 Learning Net........................................................................................................................3 Online Test ..........................................................................................................................3 Learning Object ...................................................................................................................3 Instructional Element...........................................................................................................3 Knowledge Types ............................................................................................................3 Media Types ....................................................................................................................3 Test Element .......................................................................................................................3 Test Types.......................................................................................................................3 Relationships.......................................................................................................................3 Wizards in the Authoring Environment ...................................................................................3 Creation of the Initial Configuration.....................................................................................3 Creation of Course Structures ............................................................................................3 Creation of Learning Objects ..............................................................................................3 Creation of Online Tests .....................................................................................................3 Creation of Elements...........................................................................................................3 Processing Messages .........................................................................................................3 Import of Resources to Learning Net/Object ......................................................................3 Import of Resources as Reusable Media Objects ..............................................................3 Creation of Learning Object Templates ..............................................................................3 Creation of Element Templates ..........................................................................................3 Process of Learning Net Creation ..........................................................................................3 Creating Learning Nets .......................................................................................................3 Editing Learning Nets..........................................................................................................3 Creating Learning Objects ..................................................................................................3 Editing Learning Objects .....................................................................................................3 References ..........................................................................................................................3 Editing References ..........................................................................................................3 Reference Overview............................................................................................................3 Creating Instructional Elements ..........................................................................................3 Editing Instructional Elements .........................................................................................3 Creating Tests .....................................................................................................................3 Editing Tests....................................................................................................................3 Authoring Environment 647 4
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Creating an Online Test ......................................................................................................3 Editing Online Tests ........................................................................................................3 Creating Templates .............................................................................................................3 Creating Relationships ........................................................................................................3 Creating References...............................................................................................................3 Importing Resources...............................................................................................................3 Learning Objective Manager ..................................................................................................3 Learning Objectives ............................................................................................................3 Using Learning Objectives ..................................................................................................3 Creating New Learning Objectives .....................................................................................3 Template Manager..................................................................................................................3 Editing Templates ...............................................................................................................3 Deleting Templates .............................................................................................................3 Packaging ...............................................................................................................................3 Packing ...............................................................................................................................3 Unpacking ...........................................................................................................................3 Learning Net Conversion ........................................................................................................3 Converting a Foreign Course ..............................................................................................3 Converting Learning Nets ...................................................................................................3 Adjusting System Settings ......................................................................................................3 Configuration ..........................................................................................................................3 Specifying Associations for Editing .....................................................................................3 Specifying Associations for Displaying ...............................................................................3 Content Player ........................................................................................................................3 Macro Strategy ....................................................................................................................3 Learning Micro Strategy ......................................................................................................3 Console of the Content Player ............................................................................................3 Playing a Learning Net/Learning Object .............................................................................3 Navigation in the Content Player ........................................................................................3 Repository Explorer ................................................................................................................3 Data Transfer Between Local and Master Repository ........................................................3 Checking In......................................................................................................................3 Copying ...........................................................................................................................3 Displaying New Versions ....................................................................................................3 Administration of the Local Repository ...............................................................................3 Local Work Areas ............................................................................................................3 Creating a Media Object..................................................................................................3 Edit Object Files ..............................................................................................................3 Editing Object Attributes ..................................................................................................3 Copying and Moving Objects ..........................................................................................3
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Deleting Objects ..............................................................................................................3 Checking Data Consistency ............................................................................................3 Refresh View ...................................................................................................................3 Administration of the Master Repository .............................................................................3 Releasing Objects ...........................................................................................................3 Publishing a Learning Net ...............................................................................................3 Displaying an Object Preview..........................................................................................3 Searching for Objects ......................................................................................................3 Refresh View ...................................................................................................................3 Versioning ...........................................................................................................................3 Frozen Objects ................................................................................................................3 Frozen Object Editing ..................................................................................................3 Version Conflict ...............................................................................................................3 Resolution of Version Conflicts ....................................................................................3 The Repository Explorer as an Administration Tool ...........................................................3 Translating Objects..........................................................................................................3 Creating Folders ..............................................................................................................3 Deleting Objects ..............................................................................................................3 Fixing Objects..................................................................................................................3 Function Test...................................................................................................................3 Consistency Check..........................................................................................................3 Copying the Master Repository .......................................................................................3 Configuration ...................................................................................................................3 Offline Player ..........................................................................................................................3 Course List ..........................................................................................................................3 Configuration .......................................................................................................................3 Navigation in the Offline Player...........................................................................................3 Test Author .............................................................................................................................3 Test Structure: Structure Elements and Attributes .............................................................3 Test..................................................................................................................................3 Test Attributes..............................................................................................................3 Introduction to a Test ...............................................................................................3 Section.............................................................................................................................3 Section Attributes.........................................................................................................3 Item Group.......................................................................................................................3 Item Group Attributes...................................................................................................3 Item..................................................................................................................................3 Item Types ...................................................................................................................3 Item Attributes..............................................................................................................3 Integrating Media .....................................................................................................3
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Test Creation Process.........................................................................................................3 Test Content Creation .....................................................................................................3 Creating an Online Test ...............................................................................................3 Creating a Placement/Final Test for a Learning Net ...................................................3 Creating a Test in a Learning Net Structure ................................................................3 Creating a Section ...........................................................................................................3 Creating Item Groups ......................................................................................................3 Importing Learning Objectives from the Learning Net to the Test ..................................3 Creating an Item ..............................................................................................................3 Item Format Template Editing .....................................................................................3 Inserting an Existing Item into a Test ..............................................................................3 Editing Items....................................................................................................................3 Displaying Test Preview ..................................................................................................3 Test Player ..........................................................................................................................3
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Implementation
The Authoring Environment is an integrated component of the Learning Management System of the SAP Learning Solution . It contains the following components: A structure editor as a tool for creating and structuring instructional content ( learning nets [Page 3] and learning objects [Page 3]) Test Author [Page 3] for creating and holding certifications
The Authoring Environment enables you to create SCORM-compliant courses quickly and efficiently and to provide online access to them. Knowledge types [Page 3] provide you with methodological-didactical help for structuring the learning content. The Content Management System of the SAP Learning Solution provides support for administration and versioning of learning content . The use of learning strategies (such as inductive and deductive) enables you to provide the same course content for different target groups. Content is structured one time and can be put together at runtime to suit the learning styles of multiple different learners. The choice of learning strategy (for example, task- or example-oriented) lets the individual learner influence the structure of the learning content and work through the instructional content in accordance with his or her learning needs.
Suitable editors from external providers can also be integrated in the Authoring Environment.
Features
The component supports you in the following processes: You can design and structure new instructional content. You can integrate learning content from external providers. You can use appropriate templates (knowledge types) to help you methodically develop course material and default relationships to help you structure your content. You can create learning objects compliant with the internationally recognized SCORM standard Web-based learning content model. Since learning objects are self-contained units according to SCORM, you can reuse them independent of one another, that is, switch between xml-based authoring tools and edit them. You can provide learners with learning content for which learning paths are dynamically generated (Content Player). You can import SCORM-compatible courses. These can be played by the Content Player and modified (by specifying relationships and attributes) in such a way that you can use learning strategies with them.
Creating and Distributing Web-Based Instructional

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Content
Implementation
This process supports your in-company training and education efforts by enabling you to provide learners with online learning scenarios in your Web -based Learning Portal. Achieving this goal requires the involvement of a number of different employee groups, which can be represented by the following model roles: Author
The Author role incorporates the roles instructional designer and subject matter expert . The instructional designer, as the methodological-didactical expert, is responsible for designing course structures in line with company-specific guidelines. The subject matter expert is responsible for creating instructional content according to the specifications of the instructional designer . The following process is based on the typical definition of these two roles. In everyday practice, the task areas of the two roles frequently overlap. Training administrator
The training administrator is responsible for managing instructional content and for all tasks concerned with the provision of instructional content in the Learning Portal.
Prerequisites
Before the process of creating instructional content begins, you should set up a committee at enterprise level consisting of instructional designers and, where relev ant, IT experts to oversee the process. The purpose of this committee should be to set up general standards and guidelines for course creation. It should perform the following preparatory tasks in advance: Specification of supporting learning strategies. Specification and provision of tools for content creation. Definition of the responsibilities of the roles instructional designer and subject matter expert. Definition of the standards for learning nets [Page 3], learning objects [Page 3], online tests [Page 3] and content. Specification of metadata and knowledge types [Page 3] to be used. Creation of templates for learning objects and content in the Authoring Environment .
Process Flow
When the committee has made the necessary decisions regarding the implementation of online learning scenarios, you can start to design and structure instructional content in the Authoring Environment. Instructional designer Creates the structure according to the prescribed standards and guidelines. Defines dependencies between individual objects and creates the relevant functional and didactical relationships. Draws up the learning objectives catalog and assigns appropriate learning objectives to the objects. Specifies which content is to be created by which authors.
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Has a coordinating function in the content creation process. This would be typically required when there are several subject matter experts involved in one course structure. Is responsible for deadline and schedule monitoring.
Subject matter expert Creates instructional content in close cooperation with the instructional designer using the prescribed templates. Selects suitable editors from the tools available. Uses, and where necessary converts, existing content. Makes finished content (learning net, learning object, or media object) available to other authors. This involves storing the content in the Content Management System. The subject matter expert:
Checks content into the master repository Releases content
Other authors can subsequently reuse this content by copying it or creating references to it. Instructional designer Checks that the structures are complete and that they are didactically correct. He or she also checks the metadata and the learning objectives. On completion, the instructional designer publishes the whole learning net in the repository, where it is available to the training administrator.
Training administrator Selects the content that is included in the course catalog from the instructional content that is available. In this process, he or she creates a WBT and links it with content that is stored in the Content Management System. Creates a course catalog that contains classroom training courses, curricula, and WBTs. The course catalog is made available to learners in the Learning Portal. Creates course descriptions. Assigns qualifications to courses, which in turn are awarded to learners in their learner accounts on successful completion of a course. Assigns a target group to a course. Fixes the course prices: an internal fee for internal activity allocation and an external fee for billing. Determines curriculum dependencies in consultation with the instructional designer, in other words, specifies which courses are prerequisites for which courses. Decides whether approval procedures are necessary for a course and defines the corresponding approval workflow. Provides collaboration rooms for learners on the instructions of the instructional designer. Allocates tutors to collaboration rooms.
Result
In the Learning Portal, the learner can select and register for a course in the company cou rse catalog. The learner can start a Web-based training course directly in the Learning Portal, interrupt it and resume it at any time.
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The Content Player controls the learning process and guides the learner through the course depending upon individual learning patterns, progress made, and according to predefined didactical strategies. See also: The Role Concept in the Authoring Environment [Page 3]
The Role Concept of the Authoring Environment

Use
Creating and managing instructional content comprises multiple process and work steps. To facilitate the complexity of these tasks, the Authoring Environment offers the option of two different roles: subject matter expert and instructional designer. The role concept enables you to automatically activate or deactivate functions in line with your requirements.
Features
The instructional designer typically has the task of creating structures, that is, learning nets and online tests. For example, he or she defines the associations for the editors used, creates templates, and imports reusable media objects. The instructional designer creates the root folder for learning nets and manages th e metadata files. The subject matter expert is typically responsible for creating instructional content. He or she creates the instructional elements, test elements and the associated content files or assigns existing content files to the elements. The role concept of the Authoring Environment makes allowances for the fact that these two roles are not always defined in exactly the same way. Consequently, the roles are structured flexibly so that you can activate or deactivate individual functions as requir ed.
In your role as subject matter expert, it is your task to create learning objectives although this task is usually more typical for the instructional designer. In this situation, you would work with the subject matter expert role and activate the function Create Learning Objectives in addition. The table below lists the functions that can be de-/activated for each role:
Subject Matter Expert Functions Creation of learning nets Creation of learning objects Creation of online tests Creation of Tests in Learning Objects/Nets
Instructional Designer Save as Console of the Content Player Metadata files Root folder for learning nets
ave as
Learning net Delete/copy/cut segments

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Root folder for learning nets Strategy previews
Activities
When you log on for the first time to the Authoring Environment, a dialog box appears in which you can select the role you want to work with. If you have already worked in the Authoring Environment, you can switch roles under Tools Adjust Profile. You can activate and deactivate individual functions under Function Activation. The number of wizards that are automatically active to assist you with your tasks depends on the role selected. You can activate or deactivate other wizards under Tools Adjust Wizards. See also: Wizards in the Authoring Environment [Page 3]
Working with the Authoring Environment

Use
The Authoring Environment contains the following screen areas and elements: Areas where you can create and edit learning nets, learning objects, and elements (also graphically): Learning Net Overview , Work Area and Dialog Area. Areas where the system displays information and status messages: status line and Messages Areas where you can display learning strategies for the current learning net and the instructional element path: Strategy Preview.
Features
The Authoring Environment contains the following screen areas:
Menu bar
This screen area comprises all of the general functions of the Authoring Environment. You can access some of these functions from the context menus as well. You can call additional information about each of the menu functions. To do so, choose Activate Context-Sensitive Online Help.
Toolbar
In this screen area, you can access frequently used functions by clicking the relevant icons.
Learning net overview

In this screen area, you can create learning nets [Page 3], learning objects [Page 3], and instructional elements [External]. These objects and elements are displayed in a tree structure
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in the sequence in which they were created. A reference [Page 3] is automatically created for each learning net and learning object. The references in a learning net are displayed in the work area under the corresponding tab page titles. For more information, see the section entitled Work Area. You can also call a graphical display of all of the references in a learning net. To do so, choose Reference Overview . Objects of the same kind, in other words, learning subnets, learning objects, or elements, are displayed on the same level. No hierarchies are displayed. The connections between learning objects and instructional elements are represented by relationships. Thus, the tree structure in the learning net overview does not necessarily reflect the learning net structure. You can choose from two different display options for learning nets and objects: In the standard system, the Hierarchical Display of Learning Nets and Objects is switched on. Learning nets and learning objects are opened up one under the other. If you deselect this option under Tools Adjust General, the editor switches to the second display option. With this option, the references are displayed one under the other in the learning net overview. Under this, the objects and elements are displayed if they were already open before you switched the display.
When you switch displays, learning objects that were already open are not opened again. The learning object display is retained. To refresh the display, you must close the learning object and reopen it. The learning object is then presented in the new display option. Pushbuttons You can use the buttons on the right side of the learning net overview to move references within the learning net or instructional elements within an object. This is not a copy function. You are simply changing the sequence of the references and instructional elements. This sequence is also displayed in the Content Player, but only if you have not created relationships between these elements . If you have created relationships, the instructional elements are displayed in the Content Player according to their relationships, and the sequence in the learning net overview is ignored. You can also move references and instructional or test elements using Drag&Drop. You can access specific functions for this screen area via the context menus as well.
Work area
In this screen area, you create learning nets, objects, and instructional elements in a graphical layout, as an alternative to the Learning Net Overview . You can create and edit relationships between learning objects. Above the work area, there is a type of tab page system. When you open a learning net or learning object, a tab page is generated, flagged with the corresponding object symbol. Learning object references, learning net references, instructional elements, and test elements are presented in different colors in the graphical layout. Navigation in the learning net graphical display is done via the tab page titles or vi a the learning net overview. In the work area, there is also a toolbar available for access to specific functions. You can access more functions via the context menus, as in the learning net overview. You can create relationships easily using Drag&Drop.
Dialog area
In this screen area, you edit learning nets, learning objects, and their references and instructional elements, and store all of the relevant data for them. In addition, you store metadata files for learning nets, learning objects, and instructio nal elements. You select these attributes or references on the tab pages.
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Messages
This screen area contains messages about learning nets, learning objects and their references, and about instructional elements. It also displays messages from the Repositor y Explorer. Messages are flagged with icons. The following message types are displayed: Information Warning Error Fatal error
In this screen area, there is also a toolbar available for access to specific functions for controlling message display. For more information, see Messages [Page 3].
Strategy preview
This screen area is split into two sub-areas: The learning strategy selected in Training Management is displayed on the left. You can change this setting in Customizing for the SAP Learning Solution under Learning Portal Select Learning Strategies . Regardless of which learning strategy is set in Training Management, you still have the option of selecting a strategy yourself. In other words, you can select a micro strategy and a macro strategy for displaying a learning net in the Content Player. The learning net or object is displayed graphically in the right screen area according to the strategy you select. You can use the tab page titles to switch bet ween the navigation display and the learning path display. In the toolbar, you can access functions for controlling the strategy preview.
Status line
The status line is divided into three sections in which the following status messages are displayed: Content Player The system indicates whether the Content Player [Page 3] has stopped or is running. Learning objectives catalog The system indicates whether the learning objectives catalog has been synchroniz ed or not (when a learning objective was created offline). Offline/Online The system indicates whether you are in offline or online mode.
Messages
Use
In the Messages screen area, the system displays information, warnings, error messages and fatal errors. It also displays all messages generated in the Repository Explorer. Each message type is flagged with the relevant icon.
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Features
The following details are also displayed for each message: The description indicates the content of the message. The resource type indicates whether the message refers to a learning net, a learning object, an instructional element or a reference. The resource specifies the name of the object to which the message refers.
Activities
You can perform the following actions in the Messages screen area: Process messages When you click this icon, you branch to the wizard for message processing. This wizard helps you to correct errors in each of the structural elements: learning nets, learning objects, instructional elements, and test elements. It guides you step-by-step through each message. The wizard displays a dialog box for each resource containing the field that needs to be edited. You can enter missing data and edit data specifically as required. To skip a message, choose Continue. You can interrupt editing once you have completed a message and resume editing at any time. Refresh messages Click this icon to refresh the message display, for example, if you closed the message display and opened it again. Delete messages Click this icon to delete all of the messages displayed. Messages about learning nets, learning objects and instructional and test elements are only deleted from the current display. When you refresh the display, they are visible again. Messages from the Repository Explorer are actually deleted and are no longer visible when you refresh the display. Close message display Click this icon to close the message display completely. To re-open it, choose View >Display Messages . See also: Adjusting [Page 3] Processing Messages [Page 3]
Online/Offline Editing
Use
This function lets you switch between online and offline editing. When you work offline, you only have access to learning nets [Page 3] located on your local hard disk or in the local repository [Page 3]. You cannot import learning objectives from the learning objectives catalog. The master repository [Page 3] is not available, so you cannot access learning nets and objects stored there. When you work online, you simultaneously log onto R/3 and the master repository.
Features
In online mode, you can access the following functions: Use and synchronize the learning objectives catalog:
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You can make learning objectives created offline accessible in learning nets. To do so, you must save the learning objectives to R/3 using the function Synchronize. Data transfer between local and master repository
N N
Check in objects Copy objects
New versions of objects You can find out whether the author has updated an object you are using locally. Administration of the master repository
N N N N
Release objects Publish learning nets Preview objects Find objects
Activities
To switch between online and offline mode, choose File Work Online/offline . You can find more settings for online editing in the menu under Tools Configuration Online. The following options are then offered: To activate online mode automatically when you call the Authoring Environment, select the indicator Start online. To have locally created learning objectives automatically transferred to the learning objectives catalog in online mode, select the option Update learning objectives catalog automatically.
See also: Configuration [External] Data Transfer Between Local and Master Repository [Page 3] Administration of the master repository [Page 3]
Objects and Structures in the Authoring Environment

Courses created in the Authoring Environment of the SAP Learning Solution are called learning nets [Page 3]. This designation should illustrate the underlying difference from traditional courses, evident in the different structuring of knowledge. The smallest unit within a learning net is the instructional element [External]. Instructional elements contain only the knowledge of one knowledge type [Page 3] in a specific media presentation (media type [Page 3]). Several instructional elements that belong to the same subject are combined to form a learning object [Page 3]. The arrangement of learning objects in a learning net is called a macro structure. The arrangement of instructional elements in a learning object is called a micro structure. Relationships [Page 3] define the connections between learning objects with one another and with instructional elements in a learning object.
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Learning Net
Definition
A learning net is a collection of learning objects [Page 3] that can be used as course content. The learning objects cover a more detailed, clearly defined subject area. The learning objects are linked to one another by relationships that have functional (for example, hierarchical) or didactical significance (for example before, belongs to).
Structure
A learning net can consist of learning objects, instructional elements [Page 3] and test elements [Page 3] (macro structure). Learning nets should not consist solely of instructional elements. They are designed as containers for learning objects. Complex learning nets can contain a number of learning subnets in addition to learning objects. A learning object, in turn, can contain multiple instructional elements ( micro structure). It treats a smaller, self-contained subject or knowledge chunk. Instructional elements are not subdivided any further. They represent atoms of a learning net.
Online Test
Definition
An online test is a learning net that contains no other learning objects, instructional elements or test elements. When you create an online test, you specify a test file or you create a test file in the SAP Test Author.
Use
An online test is a Web-based test that can be taken at any time and for any purpose independent of a course, unlike the test elements in learning nets.
Structure
Like a test element, an online test has the following structural elements: Section [Page 3] Item group [External] Item [Page 3]
For more information about tests, see the documentation for the SAP Test Author.
Learning Object
Definition
A learning object is a self-contained treatment of a subject aimed at imparting and p ossibly testing knowledge and skills. A learning object is self-contained, independent, and reusable.
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Structure
A learning object consists of one or more instructional elements [Page 3] dealing with the same subject. Thus, a learning object forms a kind of container for thematically related instructional elements. Learning objects and their interrelationships form a learning object net, generally known as a learning net. The structure and arrangement of learning objects are referred to as the macro structure of the learning environment.
To make best use of the strategy concept, a learning object should ideally contain several instructional elements with different knowledge types [Page 3]. Typical knowledge types are: Orientation Explanation Practical instruction
The instructional elements can exist in various forms, that is, in different media representations ( media types [Page 3]). If a learning object is linked to a learning objective that is flagged as attainable, it should, as a rule, also contain the instructional element Final Test. See also: Creating Tests in a Learning Net Structure [Page 3]
Instructional Element
Definition
We distinguish two types of element in the Authoring Environment: instructional elements and test elements. An instructional element is the smallest didactical unit in a learning net [Page 3], whose purpose is to impart the content of a learning object [Page 3]. An instructional element can be of varying didactical character (knowledge type [Page 3]) such as overview, procedure, or definition and have different media types [Page 3] such as text, image, or simulation .
In the interest of good screen presentation, an instructional element should be no bigger that the screen, and videos or simulations should last no longer than three to five minutes.
Structure
An instructional element in electronic form consists of read-only content and editable content, if the read-only content differs from the editable content. The source file contains the content in editable format such as .ppt. The media object contains the con tent in displayable format such as .html. Instruction elements have the attributes knowledge type and media type . The following knowledge types and instances of each are available:
Orientation
Practical Instruction
Explanation
Reference Material
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History Scenario Facts Summary Overview
Rule Procedure Checklist Principle Strategy
Why Explanation What Explanation Definition Example
The following media types and instances are available:
Presentation Text Graphic Image Animation Audio Film/Video
Interactive Compound/Form Interactive
Knowledge Types
Definition
Knowledge types are attributes of instructional elements [Page 3], which they characterize according to the type of content contained in the instructional element. Knowledge types classify information according to specific criteria or according to the type of question it can answer. Knowledge that answers the question "How does it work?" is, for example, explanatory knowledge. The system uses knowledge types in learning objects to dynamically generate learning paths ( Micro Strategy [Page 3]).
Structure
There are four different knowledge types, which in turn have specific instances: Orientation Practical instruction Explanation Reference material
Orientation
Orientation assists a learner in gaining an overview of a subject and its environment from a certain point of view. The learner obtains information on a certain subject but may not yet be in a position to use this knowledge, in other words, the learner cannot apply the knowledge in any way. Orientation should awaken interest in a subject.
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The history provides background information about a subject or puts it into historical perspective. Historical processes and contexts assist orientation in a complex area. The history should, as briefly as possible, explain the difference from the current situation. Scenario A scenario provides a model overview of a subject usually derived from a real -life situation or based on an actual situation. Facts Facts are objective descriptions of objects, events, and contexts in consolidated form. This includes, for example, time specifications, numbers and so on. Summary A summary is a short, concise representation of a subject that is treated in detail elsewhere. Overview An overview is the presentation of a subject in broad, general terms. An overview covers the main criteria pertaining to a subject but provides no detailed information.
Practical instruction
Action or practical instruction comprises the skills that enable a learner to perform certain actions or work steps. This includes methods, techniques, and general practices. The learner receives information about objectives, procedures to apply, methods and means needed for the implementation, check measures and so on. Rule Rules are concrete instructions that frequently take the form If... then.... When you formulate rules, you should specify prerequisites, specific instructions, and possibly also exceptions and control options. Procedure A procedure contains the individual steps in a process. This can be the presentation of a process that runs independently or of an agreed procedure. Checklist A checklist contains the criteria that are used for control purposes when carrying out an action. Checklists should be structured in such a way that the user can easily see what criteria have already been checked. Principle A principle is a comprehensive, generally applicable fundamental law upon which rules are based. Strategy A strategy defines generally applicable instructions for action. Alternative instructions may be given if the necessary conditions are fulfilled.
Explanation
Explanatory knowledge provides background facts and arguments for a subject, explaining why something is as it is. The learner receives scientifically based explanations, contextual information such as cause and effect, means and intention, and so on. Explanatory knowledge should put the learner in a position to independently understand and explain connections, and apply them in other contexts.
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The why explanation describes the reason for or purpose of an action. It provides functional reasons and arguments for a subject. What Explanation The what explanation provides a detailed explanation of a subject, or a description of an object, for example a function description. Definition A definition describes a concrete or abstract term by specifying all of its identifying characteristics. A term can be defined on the basis of how it differs from another or others belonging to the same subject area. Example An example explains a subject or a term using a model or a typical case.
Reference material
Reference material contains notes about other sources of information regarding a given subject. The question of whether and what additional reference material should be made available to the learner should be decided at the course design stage.
Media Types
Definition
Media types are attributes appended to instructional elements [Page 3], which characterize these according to their type of presentation.
Unlike knowledge types [Page 3], media types are not used when learning paths are generated dynamically. As an author, you should however consider whether a learning net could be used in another form as well (for examp le, as printed material in the form of a handout).
Structure
There are two categories of media types: Presentation media Media types for display purposes only Interaction media Media types with interactive character
Presentation
Presentation includes all media types that do not require activity on the part of the learner. Text The media type text represents every type of written material in electronic form that can be structured in a variety of ways. Preferably this should be a cohesive text, for example in list form. Since we are dealing with screen presentation, the text should not be longer than one screen page.
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The media type graphic designates graphically structured material in a form that can be increased or decreased in size, independent of the resolution of the output medium. Image The media type image represents graphically structured material available in a fixed resolution that cannot be changed, such as a photo or the structural representation of an object. Animation The media type animation designates the visual representation of a topic, where a number of images follow one another in sequence or where different sequences are displayed consecutively within one image . Unlike a simulation, animation allows no interaction by the learner. This presentation cannot be printed, but it is resolution independent. Audio The media type audio represents content that is imparted by audio means. Film/Video The media type film/video represents content that can be imparted by visual or by audio/visual means. These are moving images (with time-specific changes) that are resolution-independent.
Interactive
Interactive includes all media types that require activity on the part of the learner . Simulation The media type simulation designates the visual presentation of a real-life operation using an example. Interaction by the learner is possible. Compound/Form This media type represents a complex type of learner interaction. This often requires the learner to enter long texts on a screen template. Tests are typically assigned to this media type.
Test Element
Definition
We distinguish two types of element in the Authoring Environment: instructional elements and test elements. A test element, test for short, is a special type of instructional element. Like an instructional element, a test is the smallest didactical unit in a learning net [Page 3]. It is not used to determine, but to check knowledge and skills. Test elements can be created for learning objects [Page 3] or learning nets.
Structure
There are a number of different test types [Page 3], which are used by the learning strategies: Placement test Final test Self-assessment test
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Depending on the test type, test elements are offered at different places in a course and can affect the course flow.
Test Types
Definition
Test types categorize test elements according to how they are used. Tests are used in the context of learning strategies. They can influence the course process flow, depending on their results.
Structure
You can select from the following test types: Placement test The function of a placement test is to test existing knowledge. A placement test is always offered prior to a taking learning net or learning object. As soon as a placement test has been taken, it is considered to have been completed. If the participant passes a placement test, the learning net or object that contains the test is considered to have been completed and is skipped. Failing a placement test has no effect on the course completion process. Self-assessment test The purpose of a self-assessment test is to monitor the status of ones own knowledge. Passing or failing such tests has no effect on the course process. Once a selfassessment test has been taken, it is considered to be completed regardless of the result. Exercise The purpose of exercises is to monitor the learning progress. Exercises are considered to have been completed only when they have been passed. In other words, the participant cannot navigate further until he or she has successfully passed the exercise. Final test The purpose of a final test is to test the knowledge acquired on completion of a course. A final test is always offered at the end of a learning net or learning object. If the participant does not pass the final test, the learning net or learning object i s reset to the status of not completed. In this case, the participant must complete the learning net or learning object again. If the participant passes the test, the whole learning net or learning object is considered to have been completed.
Relationships
Definition
Relationships describe functional, hierarchical, and didactical connections between learning contents. They describe the kind of relationship that exists between learning objects [Page 3]
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(macro structure) and between instructional elements in learning objects (micro structure). There are only a limited number of relationships available for instructional elements since instructional elements cannot have functional relationships with one another. Relationships are used by the learning strategies to generate dynamic learning paths.
We distinguish different types of relationships. If specific relationships exist for a relationship type, you should where possible select a specific relationship to describe the relationship between two objects (e.g. consists of rather than hierarchical). For more information, see Macro Strategy [Page 3] and Micro Strategy [Page 3].
Structure
The Authoring Environment differentiates between the relationships between learning objects and the relationships between instructional elements.
Relationships Between Learning Objects Hierarchical Consists of Generalizes References Determines Context of Means of Alternative Didactic Relationships Belongs to Before Prerequisite of
Relationships Between Instructional Elements Alternative
Didactic Relationships: Belongs to Before Prerequisite of
Hierarchical
The purpose of hierarchical relationships is to create a super - and subordinate structure within the learning content similar to the system of structuring using chapters. Hierarchical relationships are used for navigation purposes in learning strategies. Hierarchical relationships are used by the learning macro strategies from general to specific and from specific to general to set up a hierarchy of learning objects that is displayed in the learning path as a tree structure with super- and subordinate nodes . Consists of This relationship expresses a hierarchical relationship between two learning objects, the higher level object represents the whole, and the lower level object a part of the whole.
Book Generalizes
Consists of
Chapters
This relationship expresses a hierarchical relationship between two learning objects, where the higher level object stands for a generic term and the lower level object for a subordinate
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term. The generic term combines all characteristics that the subordinate term also contains. The subordinate term has an additional specifying characteristic.
Book
generalizes
Non-fiction book
References
This relationship is subdivided into relationships that can be of descriptive, conceptual, or purpose character. Referenced relationships are used by macro strategies to find learning objects in the learning path that are on the same hierarchical level as the learning object referencing them. Determines This relationship represents an explanatory or restrictive determination of learning content.
Data Processing Trainer Context of
Determines Software courses
This relationship defines the concept of specific learning content. If learning object A is context of learning object B, A stands for the general meaning and B for the specific meaning of the content.
Training course Means for
Context of
Test
This relationship expresses a process-oriented determination of purpose.
LCD Projector
Means of
Screen presentation
Alternative
You use this relationship if you want to offer the learner a selection of variants for the content.
Example 1
Alternative Example 2
Belongs to
This relationship expresses an association of content. The learning strategies offer content that is in a belongs to relationship. The content is offered sequentially but the sequence in which it is offered may vary depending upon the strategy used.
Example 1
Belongs to Explanation 1
Before
This relationship expresses a time-specific connection between content. Its purpose is to specify the presentation sequence of learning content. The relationship can be used for learning units that build up on one another.
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The learning strategies offer content that is in a before relationship. The content is presented in exactly this sequence.
Screen presentation 1
before
Screen presentation 2
Prerequisite of
This relationship is needed if the learner requires knowledge from another learning unit to understand the content of another. As with the before relationship, the content is presented in exactly this sequence.
Explorer
is a prerequisite for
File management
Wizards in the Authoring Environment

Use
The Authoring Environment provides you with a number of wizards tha t help you to create and structure instructional content. The system-controlled wizards guide you expertly through complex functions.
Prerequisites
Before you can use a wizard to execute a function, it must be activated under Tools Customize Wizards.
The default setting in the Authoring Environment is that all of the wizards are active. We recommend that you do not change this setting until you are familiar with the functions of the Authoring Environment.
Features
Wizards are available for the following functions: Create course structure Create learning net Create learning object Create online test Create element Edit messages Import into learning net/object Import as reusable media object Create learning object template Create element template Create system association
Some of the wizards guide you through individual functions, others combine a set of wizards.
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The wizard for selecting the first action in the Authoring Environment incorporates the wizard for creating a new course structure and the wi zard for importing files.
Activities
When you use wizards, you can perform the following activities: Under Tools Wizards, you find all of the functions you can edit using wizards. Under Tools Customize Wizards, you can activate and deactivate individual wizards. You can also deactivate wizards that are automatically started when you launch the Authoring Environment, such as the Configuration Wizard. To do so, you select the Do not display wizard again i ndicator in the wizard dialog box. You can navigate back and forth in the wizards using the functions Continue and Back. To exit a wizard, you choose Close. You can cancel processing at any time. In each of the wizard dialog boxes, you are informed about the current status of processing.
Creation of the Initial Configuration Use

The Authoring Environment enables you to use applications of external providers for editing and displaying instructional content and also for editing metadata . This wizard helps you to configure the necessary associations for such external applications.
Features
When you define system associations, you have the following options: If you do not want to enter specific associations yourself, you can use the standa rd associations of your operating system for the applications involved. If you want to enter specific associations for editing and displaying content and for editing metadata yourself, the wizard guides you through the process step -by-step. You can decide for each individual application whether you want to use the standard system association or whether you want to specify one yourself.
Activities
The system launches the Configuration Wizard automatically when you log on to the Authoring Environment . If you want to deactivate the wizard, select the Do not display wizard again i ndicator in the wizard dialog box. See also: Configuration [Page 3]
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Creation of Course Structures

Use
This wizard combines multiple other wizards to enable you to create a complete structure for a course or subcourse (learning net [Page 3]), a single unit of a course (learning object [Page 3]), or an online test [Page 3] (learning net).
Features
When you create a learning net, you must create all of the associated le arning objects, instructional elements [Page 3] and test elements [Page 3] for it: When you have create learning nets, you can add learning objects to them. You can add both new and existing learning objects. You can create a new learning object using a new template, an existing template, or without a template. When you create a new learning object template, there are two options available for doing so:
O O
You can use an existing instructional or test element template as the learning object template. You can define a new knowledge type [Page 3] for the instructional elements and a new test type [Page 3] for the test elements.
You can decide which additional attributes you want to specify for your learning object template. You can store the new learning object template as a reusable template.
When you have created a new learning object, the wizard always guides you back to the dialog box in which you can add more learning objects or change the existing list of objects. When your list of learning objects is complete, you can transfer the list and exit edi ting. For more information, see the documentation for the individual wizards for Creation of Learning Objects [Page 3], Creation of Online Tests [Page 3] and Creation of Element Templates [Page 3].
Creation of Learning Objects

Use
This wizard helps you to create a single learning object [Page 3]. If you want to create multiple learning objects in a learning net [Page 3], use the wizard for Creation of New Course Structures .
Activities
The wizard guides you through the following process: You define the necessary attributes of the learning object, such as name, storage folder, and language. You can create the learning object using a new template, an existing template, or without a template.
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When you create a new learning object template, there are two options available for doing so:
O O
You can use an existing instructional or test element template as the learning object template. You can define a new knowledge type [Page 3] for the instructional elements [Page 3] and a new test type [Page 3] for the test elements [Page 3].
You can decide which additional attributes you want to specify for your learning object template. You can store the new learning object template as a reusable template.
Creation of Online Tests

Use
This wizard helps you to create a single online test [Page 3]. When you create an online test, you do not have to create other learning objects [Page 3], instructional elements [Page 3] or test elements [Page 3].
Activities
The wizard guides you through the following process: You define the necessary attributes of the online test, such as name, storage folder, and language. You can use an existing test as its basis or create a new online test from scratch. You can store a new online test as reusable to make it available in other online tests. When you save the online test, the system automatically opens the Test Author, where you can create the content of your test.
Creation of Elements
Use
This wizard helps you to create instructional elements [Page 3] and test elements [Page 3].
Features
The wizard guides you through the following steps: You decide whether you want to create an instructional or a test element. You define the attributes of the new element. You decide whether you want to create the element using an existing template or a new one:
O O
If there is no suitable template available, you can create the element without a template. If there is a suitable template available, the element is created based on this template.
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If you want to create the element using a new template, you automatically branch to the wizard for Creating Element Templates .
Creating an element with a new template

When you create an element using a new template, you must specify the knowledge type [Page 3] and the media type [Page 3] for an instructional element template or the test type [Page 3] for a test element template. The following attributes are available when you define element templates:
O O O O O
Content files Specify the content file for the instructional element or test element. Learning time Specify the expected average time it should take to complete the element. Metadata file You can store any metadata file for the element. Remarks You can enter general freeform notes for the element. Keywords You can store keywords, for example, for the element usage.
At the very least, you should complete the attributes content file and learning time. See also: Creation of Element Templates [Page 3] Editing Instructional Elements [Page 3]
Processing Messages
Use
This wizard helps you to process the messages that are displayed in the Messages screen area of a learning net [Page 3].
Features
A dialog box appears in which the system offers you the attribute that requires editing for each of the resources: learning net, learning object [Page 3], references, instructional element [Page 3] and test element [Page 3]. You can enter any missing data or edit data as required. You can skip any messages that cannot be edited. You can interrupt editing once you have completed a message and resume editing at any time.
If you deactivate this wizard, it will not start again when you double-click on a message in the message display area.
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Import of Resources to Learning Net/Object

Use
This wizard helps you to import nonreusable files, folders, or packed files that you want to have available in a learning net [Page 3] or learning object [Page 3]. During this process, the files are copied to the local repository [Page 3] and also automatically to the root folder of the learning net or object. Files in the root folder of a learning net can only be used in this learning net or object.
Use
In the Authoring Environment, you must open the learning net into whose root folder you want to copy the files.
Features
You can use one of the following import options: Add files Here you select individual files for import. Add folder Here you can import a complete directory of files. Add packed files (e.g. *.lnp, *.zip, *.pif) Here you can import a compressed or packed file.
Activities
The system guides you through the following steps: In the wizard dialog box, you select the files and folders you requ ire one after another. You can then import the complete list.
The files you want to import are saved to a special subdirectory ( prefix). You can delete folder prefixes you do not require from the file storage. You can deselect this indicator if required. Before the import takes place, the import list is displayed in a dialog box. You must check and where necessary change the list of files You must specify a storage folder in which to store the imported files. Once you have specified the storage folder, you can start the copy operation. All of the files are copied to the local repository and to the root folder in one step.
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Import of Resources as Reusable Media Objects

Use
This wizard helps you to copy files, directories, and packed files to your local repository as reusable media objects. Unlike when you import resources into a learning net or learning object, after copying, these reusable files are available for use in other lea rning nets, and they can be referenced from any other learning objects or learning nets.
Features
You can use one of the following import options: Add files Here you select individual files for import. Add folder Here you can import a complete directory of files. Add packed files (e.g. *.lnp, *.zip, *.pif) Here you can import a compressed or packed file.
Activities
The system guides you through the following steps: In the wizard dialog box, you select the files and folders you require one after another. Before the import takes place, the import list is displayed in a dialog box. You must check and where necessary change the list of files before starting the copy operation. You specify how the files are to be imported. The following options are available:
Group of learning nets [Page 3], learning objects [Page 3] and media objects If you select this option, the system searches in the files for (reusable) learning objects, nets, and media objects. Select this option when you want to import a package of learning nets or objects.
O O O O
Learning net or learning object All of the files selected are stored in exactly one new learning net or learning object. Group of simple (not compound) media objects The files are stored as a single reusable media object. Compound media object All of the files selected are imported. They are created as a reusable media object. The anchor file must point to the initial file of the comp ound resource. SCORM course The selected files are converted from a SCORM course to and saved as a learning net in one step.
You specify the storage folder and the language for the resources. The system copies all the files as reusable objects to the local repository in one step.
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Creation of Learning Object Templates

Use
This wizard helps you to create templates for learning objects [Page 3]. The wizard guides you step-by-step through the process, where you can specify all of the information required for the learning object template.
Features
There are several options available for defining learning object templates: You can create a learning object template without instructional elements [Page 3] or test elements [Page 3]. You can use existing instructional or test element templates. You can explicitly specify knowledge types [Page 3] for instructional elements it contains and test types [Page 3] for any test elements it contains.
Activities
The system guides you through the following steps: You enter a name for the template. You can either use existing element templates or select specific knowledge types and test types yourself. You select the required element templates or select knowledge types and test types from the list displayed. The following attributes are available when you define learning object templates:
O O O
Subject Remarks Keywords
These attributes are optional.
To edit or delete learning object templates, choose Tools Template Manager . See also: Template Manager [Page 3]
Creation of Element Templates

Use
This wizard helps you to create instructional elements and test elements [Page 3]. The wizard guides you step-by-step through the process, where you can specify all of the information required for the element template. You can select a content file and, where necessary, additional files and other attributes. You can use the new element template when you create learning object templates.
To edit or delete element templates, choose Tools Template Manager .
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If you deactivated the wizard, it will not be launched again when you create a new element template in the Template Manager.
Activities
The system guides you through the following steps: You decide whether you want to create an instructional or a test element template and enter a name for it. When you create an instructional element template, you must select the knowledge type [Page 3] and the media type [Page 3]. When you create a test element template, you must select the test type [Page 3], which determines how the test may be used. The following attributes are available when you define instructional or test element templates: The attributes are optional:
Content file or source file and additional files You would specify additional files if there are other files integrated in the content file (such as a *.gif file that is contained on a HTML page).
O O O O
See also:
All template files must be located outside of the local repository [Page 3] and are copied to the local repository when a new instance of the template is generated. Learning time You can specify the expected average time it should take to complete the instructional element or the test element. Metadata file You can store any file for the element template metadata. Remarks You can enter free text notes for the template. Keywords You can store keywords, for example, for the element template usage.
Template Manager [Page 3]
Process of Learning Net Creation

Implementation
In the Authoring Environment , you structure knowledge in the form of a learning net using the top-down method. This involves the following steps: Creating learning nets [Page 3] and learning objects [Page 3] Creating instructional elements [Page 3] Interlinking instructional elements Interlinking learning objects
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Process Flow
...
1. First, decide on the central theme of the course. All of the knowledge to be imparted in this course will center on this subject. This is where the learning objects are derived. If a subject is very broad, the learning net can contain multiple learning nets. 2. Create the required instructional elements. Instruction elements have the attributes knowledge type [Page 3] and media type [Page 3]. For each learning object, you should create at least one instructional element each of the knowledge types orientation, explanation , and practical instruction/action . 3. Create the required test elements [Page 3]. Depending on the purpose for which they are intended, you may also select test types [Page 3]. 4. Relate the instructional elements within a learning object using relationships [Page 3]. 5. Relate the learning objects with one another using the relevant relationships.
You should be aware that you as the author have only a limited influence on how learning content is presented to the learner. Taking account of the micro strategy [Page 3] and the macro strategy [Page 3], the Content Player [Page 3] determines the sequence of learning objects in the browser and allows learners to navigate through a course according to their individual learning style. Algorithms also play a part in determining the sequence.
Creating Learning Nets

Use
This function lets you create different types of learning nets [Page 3]: Elementary learning nets: contain learning objects and instructional elements Complex learning nets contain one or more learning subnets
A reference is created for learning nets that are part of another learning net. This reference serves to integrate the learning net in the higher-level learning net.
Prerequisites
To create a learning net using a template, you should already have created the learning net template. To do this, open the learning net you want to use as a template and choose File Save As Template. See also: Template Manager [Page 3]
Procedure
This procedure describes how to create a learning net without the help o f the wizard:
...
1. Choose New Learning Net . A dialog box appears where you can select a folder in which the learning net is to be stored. You can use a storage folder to store learning nets according to specific criteria.
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3. Under Name, enter a short name for the learning net. This is the technical name of the learning net from the authoring perspective. 4. Select a content language for the learning net. 5. If necessary, you can click the relevant icon to switch storage folders. 6. Select a template for the learning net if you want to use one. 7. Choose OK. 8. Save your entries.
Result
You have created a new learning net. The higher-level learning net is inserted into the learning net overview. In the case of learning subnets, a reference is also inserted.
Editing Learning Nets

Use
When you have created a learning net, the dialog box Edit Learning Net opens in the dialog area. Here you can store all of the relevant information for the learning net on tab pages.
Features
...
General
O O O O
Under Name, the name you assigned to the learning net is displayed. If necessary, you can change this name. Under Subject, you enter a long text for the learning net. The Content Player [Page 3] uses the subject as the text that is displayed for the course in the table of contents. As source file, enter the editable content of an overview page ( Find overview source file). You can edit this if required. Under Overview, you can use the function Find Overview File to store a different start page for your course, for example, one you created yourself. If there is an overview file available, this can be displayed or edited using the relevant icons. If you do not use an overview, the default table of contents is automatically generated for the course. The root folder is the directory that contains all of the objects of a learning net. You cannot edit this field since you may not change the root folder. When you want to transfer a file to the root folder, you may only use the function Tools Wizard Import to Learning Net / Object to do so. Do not do this via the Explorer. This is the only way to ensure that you can use the files in the learning net.
Extended
You cannot edit the learning time field. The time is determined automatically from the learning time defined for the media objects used. The learning time is currently not used to its full extent. It is machine readable and currently only serves as information for authors.
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O O O O
You can store a metadata file for the learning net. You assign the editor you want to use for editing metadata under Tools Configuration Metadata. Choose Find Placement Test to enter a placement test for the learning net. You can edit this if required with the function Edit Placement Test . This function opens the SAP Test Author of the Authoring Environment . Choose Find Final Test to enter a final test for the learning net. You can edit this if required with the function Edit Final Test. This function opens the SAP Test Author of the Authoring Environment . You can display a preview of the media object in various file formats (*.gif, *.jpg, *.jpeg etc.) by selecting Display thumbnail image for objects. This thumbnail image is displayed in the work area instead of the name of the instructional element.
Learning Objectives You can adopt existing learning objectives if there is a learning objectives catalog available. You can create new learning objectives. You store the following information for a new learning objective:
O O
Name of the learning objective Changed learning objectives are flagged with an asterisk by the system. Language The language of the editor is the language for editing and describing the learning objective. The learning objective is language-specific, it is available in all languages.
O O O
Performance description You can store a description of the knowledge and skills that can be acquired with a learning objective. Constraints You can specify constraints determining how the acquired knowledge should be later demonstrated or applied. Checkbox Attainable If a learning objective is flagged as attainable, on completion of a learning net, it is awarded in the form of a qualification to the learner account . Learning objectives not flagged as attainable are only used for filtering and searching for learning objects. Changed learning objectives are flagged with an asterisk by the system. For more information about learning objectives, see Creating New Learning Objectives [Page 3].
Remarks You can store a long text of your choice. The purpose of this free text field is to provide collaborating authors with additional information on the learning net.
Keywords You can store keywords for the search for objects in the repository. These should be keywords taken from a commonly agreed controlled vocabulary set to ensure consistent use.
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Creating Learning Objects

Prerequisites
To create a learning object [Page 3] using a template, you should already have created the learning object template. To do this, open the learning net, select the learning object and choose File Save As Template. See also: Template Manager [Page 3]
Procedure
This procedure describes how to create a learning object without the help of the wizard:
...
1. Select the required learning net in the learning net overview and choose New Learning Object. The Generate New Learning Object dialog box appears. 2. Under Name, enter a short name for the learning object. This is the technical name of the learning object from the authoring perspective. 3. Select a content language for the learning object. 4. Search for the storage folder in which the object should be stored using the relevant icon. You can use storage folders to store learning objects according to specific cri teria. 5. Select a template for the learning object if you want to use one. 6. Choose OK. 7. Save your entries.
Result
You have created a new learning object. In the learning net overview, the learning object is inserted as an object and as a reference.
Editing Learning Objects

Use
When you have created a learning object [Page 3], the dialog box Edit Learning Object opens in the dialog area. Here you can store all of the relevant information for the learning
object.
Features
You store the same type of data for a learning object as for a learning net [Page 3], with one exception. You cannot store a start page (overview) for a learning object because access to a course is always via a learning net. General
Under Name, the name you assigned to the learning object is displayed. If necessary, you can change this name. The Content Player [Page 3] uses this name as the text that is displayed for the course in the table of contents.
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O O
Under Subject, you enter a long text for the learning object. The root folder is the directory that contains all of the objects of a learning net. You cannot edit this field since you may not change the root folder.
When you want to transfer a file to the root folder, you may only use the function Tools Wizard Import to Learning Net / Object to do so. Do not do this via the Explorer. This is the only way to ensure that you can use the files in the learning net. Extended
O O
You cannot edit the learning time field. The time is determined per learning object automatically from the learning time defined for the media objects used. The learning time is currently not used to its full extent. It is machine readable and currently only serves as information for authors. You can store a metadata file for the learning object. You assign the editor you want to use for editing metadata under Tools Configuration Metadata. You can display a preview of media objects in various file formats (*.gif, *.jpg, *.jpeg etc.) by selecting the option Display thumbnail image for objects. This thumbnail image is displayed in the work area instead of the name of the instructional element.
Learning Objectives You can adopt existing learning objectives if there is a learning objectives catalog available. You can create new learning objectives. You store the following information for a new learning objective:
O O
Name of the learning objective Changed learning objectives are flagged with an asterisk by the system. Language The language of the editor is the language for editing and describing the learning objective. The learning objective is language-specific, it is available in all languages.
O O O
Performance description You can store a description of the knowledge and skills that can be acquired with a learning objective. Constraints You can specify constraints determining how the acquired knowledge should be later demonstrated or applied. Checkbox attainable If a learning objective is flagged as attainable, on completion of a learning net, it is awarded in the form of a qualification to the learner account . Learning objectives not flagged as attainable are only used for filtering and searching for learning objects. Changed learning objectives are flagged with an asterisk by the system. For more information about learning objectives, see Creating New Learning Objectives [Page 3].
Remarks You can store a long text of your choice. This free text field serves to provide collaborating authors with additional information on the learning object.
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You can store keywords for the search for objects in the repository. These s hould be keywords taken from a commonly agreed controlled vocabulary set to ensure consistent use.
References
Definition
References are links pointing to objects. They are generated when you create learning nets [Page 3] and learning objects [Page 3]. Their purpose is to integrate learning nets and objects into a learning net. The data (name) stored for the reference may differ from that stored for the object.
Editing References
Use
When you create a new learning object [Page 3] or learning net [Page 3], a reference [Page 3] is generated at the same time. This reference serves to integrate the learning net or object in a learning net. You can store information for the reference just as you do for learning objects.
Features
There are a number of tab pages available in the dialog area for editing references, with which you can store all of the relevant information for them.
...
General
O O
Under Name, the name (short name) of the corresponding learning object is proposed. You can either change or confirm this name. Under Content, the folder is displayed in which the media object is stored. You can store another media object by choosing Find media object.
Extended
O O O
You cannot edit the learning time field. It is automatically taken over from the learning net or learning object referenced. As Preview you specify the thumbnail image for a learning object. This thumbnail image is displayed in the work area if you selected the option Display thumbnail image for objects for the object in question. If the option Initial unit for layout of graphical display is selected, this reference is used as the first unit in the graphical display of the reference overview. This option only applies to the layout.
Remarks You can store a long text of your choice. This free text field serves to provide collaborating authors with additional information on references.
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You can store keywords for the search for references in the reposi tory. These should be keywords taken from a commonly agreed controlled vocabulary set to ensure consistent use.
Reference Overview
Use
The reference overview displays all learning net references and learn ing object references for a given learning net. This enables you to display an overview of which learning net uses which learning object. References are links pointing to objects. They are generated when you create learning nets and learning objects. Their purpose is to integrate learning nets and objects into a learning net. This ensures that objects can be reused. In the reference overview, you can check whether loops are caused by the relationships within a learning net.
Prerequisites
The learning net whose references you want to display must be open in the editor.
Features
When you start the reference overview, a dialog box appears containing a number of functions for editing the reference overview: You can refresh the graphical display, for example, if you changed the references between the objects. You can change the graphical display of the reference overview as follows:
O O O
Zoom in Zoom out Return to original size (1:1).
Activities
To display the reference overview, choose View Display Reference Overview.
Creating Instructional Elements

Use
There are two ways to create instructional elements [Page 3]: You can create an instructional element without a template. You can create an instructional element using a template.
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Prerequisites
To create an instructional element using a template, you should already have created the instructional element template. See also: Template Manager [Page 3]
Procedure
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This procedure describes how to create an instructional element without the help of the wizard: 1. Right click the required learning object or learning net. 2. Choose New Element Instructional Element. The Create New Instructional Element dialog box appears. 3. Enter a name for the instructional element. 4. Select an instructional element template where necessary. 5. Confirm your entries with OK. 6. Enter the following data in the dialog box: a) Enter a knowledge type [Page 3]. b) Enter a media type [Page 3]. c) To select the file for the editable content, choose Find Source File . d) To select the file for the displayable (read-only) content, choose Find Source File. 7. Confirm your entries with OK. 8. Save your entries.
Result
A new instructional element has been created, if necessary by using an instructional element template, and is inserted in the learning net overview or in the graphic in the relevant position. See also: Editing Instructional Elements [Page 3]
Editing Instructional Elements

Use
There are a number of tab pages available in the dialog area for editing instructional elements [Page 3], with which you can store all of the relevant information for them.
Features
When you have created an instructional element, the dialog box Edit Instructional Element opens in the dialog area:
...
General
The knowledge type [Page 3] specifies the type of content you want to store.
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P P P P
The media type [Page 3] specifies how the content of the instructional element is presented. Under Name, the system displays the name under which the instructional element was created. Under Source File, you enter the content of the instructional element in editable format. Under Content, you enter the reference to the content in display format. This could be anything that can be displayed in the browser such as an HTML page, a text, a graphic, or an audio/video file.
For example, if the instructional element represents an image, you can display a preview of it using the function Display media object. The preview is only displayed if you have selected the function Display thumbnail images for units on the tab page Extended in the dialog box Edit Learning Object. Extended
P P P P
Under Learning time, you enter the expected completion time for the media object used. You can store a metadata file for the instructional element. You assign the editor you want to use for editing metadata under Tools Configuration Metadata. Under Preview, you specify the thumbnail image for an instructional element. This thumbnail image is displayed in the work area if you selected the option Display thumbnail image for objects for the object in question. To specify an object as root node for the graphical display, select the indicator Start Unit for Layout of Graphical Display .
Note that this option only applies to the graphical overview of the learning net in the work area of the authoring environment. Remarks You can store a long text of your choice. This free text field serves to provide collaborating authors with additional information on instructional elements. Keywords You can store keywords for the search for instructional elements in the repository. These should be keywords taken from a commonly agreed controlled vocabulary set to ensure consistent use.
Creating Tests
Use
There are two ways to create test elements [Page 3] (short: test): You can create a test without a template. You can create a test using a template.
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Prerequisites
To create a test using a template, you should have already created a test template. See also: Template Manager [Page 3]
Procedure
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This procedure describes how to create a test without the help of the wizard: 1. Right click the required learning object or learning net. 2. Choose New Element Test. The Create New Test dialog box appears. 3. Enter a name for the test. 4. Select a test element template where necessary. 5. Confirm your entries with OK. 6. Enter the following data in the dialog box: a. Select the test type. b. To select the file for the editable content, choose Find Source File . c. To select the file for the displayable (read-only) content, choose Find Source File. 7. Confirm your entries with OK. 8. Save your entries.
Result
A new test has been created, if necessary by using a test template, and is inserted in the learning net overview or in the graphic in the relevant position. See also: Editing Tests [Page 3]
Editing Tests
Use
There are a number of tab pages available in the dialog area for edit ing tests [Page 3], which you can use to store all of the relevant information for the tests you create.
Features
When you have created a test, the dialog box Edit Test opens in the dialog area.
...
General
P P P
Under Test Type, you can choose between placement test, exercise, self assessment test, and final test to indicate the purpose of the test. Under Name, the name you assigned to the test is displayed. Under Source file, you enter the content of the test in editable format.
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Under Content, you enter the reference to the content in read-only format.
Extended
P P P P
Under Learning time, you enter the expected completion time for the media object used. You can store a metadata file for the test. You assign the edit or you want to use for editing metadata under Tools Configuration Metadata. Under Preview you specify the thumbnail image for a test. This thumbnail image is displayed in the work area if you selected the option Display thumbnail image for objects for the object in question. To specify an object as root node for the graphical display, select the indicator Initial Unit for Layout of Graphical Display .
Note that this option only applies to the graphical overview of the learning net in the work area of the authoring environment . Remarks You can store a long text of your choice. This free text field serves to provide cooperating authors with additional information on tests. Keywords You can store keywords for the search for tests in the repository. These s hould be keywords taken from a commonly agreed controlled vocabulary set to ensure consistent use.
Creating an Online Test

Use
You create an online test [Page 3] in the same way as a learning net. The only difference is that you specify a test file and that the SAP Test Author is called.
Procedure
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1. Choose File New Online Test. A dialog box appears where you can select a folder in which the on line test is to be stored. You can use a storage directory to store online tests according to specific criteria. 2. Select a folder. You can create a new folder and then select it. The Generate New Online Test dialog box appears. 3. Under Name, enter a short name for the online test. 4. Select a content language for the online test. 5. If necessary, you can click the relevant icon to switch storage folders. 6. Choose OK. 7. Save your entries. See also: Editing Online Tests [Page 3]
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Editing Online Tests

Use
If you have created an online test [Page 3], the dialog box Edit Online Test opens in the dialog area. Here you can store all of the relevant information for the online test.
Features
When you edit online tests, you use the various tab page titles available to enter the relevant information for them:
...
General
P P P P P
Under Name, the name you assigned to the online test is displayed. If necessary, you can change this name. Under Subject, you enter a long text for the online test. The Content Player [Page 3] uses the subject as the text that is displayed for the course in the table of contents. Under Test, you enter the editable content on the online test ( Find Test). To create the content of the online test in the SAP Test Author, choose Edit Test File. The root folder is the directory that contains all of the objects of an online test. You cannot edit this field since you may not change the root folder.
When you want to transfer a file to the root folder, you should only use the function Transfer Files to Learning Net Folder or Tools Import Resources To Learning Net / Object to do so. Do not do this via the Explorer. This is the only way to ensure that you can use the files in the online test. Extended You can store a metadata file for the online test. You assign the editor you want to use for editing metadata under Tools Configuration Metadata. Remarks You can store a long text of your choice. The purpose of this free text field is to provide collaborating authors with additional information on the learning net. Keywords You can store keywords for the search for objects in the repository. These should be keywords taken from a commonly agreed controlled vocabulary set to ensure consistent use.
Creating Templates
Use
You can save the following objects as templates using this function:
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You can enter a specific name for each template. Only files that are in the same learning object or learning net can be used as templates. Reusable media objects cannot be used . When you create an instructional element or test template, you can edit these directly and enter information for all options, which are also available for instructional elements and tests themselves. Note that additional files, which you can enter for instructional element templates and test templates, must be in the repository.
To edit learning net templates and learning object templates, and to delete templates, choose Tools Template Manager.
Prerequisites
The object you want to use as a template must be open in the editor.
Procedure
...
1. Select the object. 2. Choose File Save As Template .
If you are navigating in an instructional element or test element when you call the function Save As Template, you can also save the learning object or learning net, to which the instructional element or test element belongs, as a template.
Result
The object has been saved as a template and can be used and edited in the template manager. See also: Template Manager [Page 3]
Creating Relationships
Use
Relationships [Page 3] define the connections between learning objects and other learning objects, and with the instructional elements in a learning object. Based on these relationships, the Content Player [Page 3] uses macro and micro strategies to determine the dynamic learning path.
Prerequisites
You must first set the indicator Display Relationship Names under Tools Customize General for the following procedure.
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Procedure
...
1. Open the required learning net. 2. In the graphical work area, select the learning net or object to link learning objects and instructional elements. 3. Use Drag&Drop to create a relationship between two objects. 4. Right-click the relationship name. 5. In the context menu, choose the relationship type .
You can edit, change, and delete all other relationships in the same way.
Result
You have linked learning objects or instructional elements with one another by means of relationships.
Creating References
Use
You can create a reference [Page 3] to a learning net, learning object, or a media object located in the repository in the learning net [Page 3] or learning object [Page 3] you are currently editing. Learning nets and learning objects can only be referenced from learning nets, not from learning objects. Media objects can only be referenced if they are reusable. For example, you can integrate a logo in an existing .html page. An instructional element [External] is automatically generated for an imported media object. You can only import the media object itself. The corresponding instructional element exists in the learning net only.
Prerequisites
Before you can reference objects in a learning net or learning object, the learning net must be open in the editor. Objects that you want to reuse must be stored in the repository. If you want to reference an object that is not in the repository, first choose Tools Import Resources As Reusable Media Object.
Referencing a Learning Net/Learning Object

...
1. Select the learning net from where you want to reference the object. 2. Choose Tools Reference Learning Net/Learning Object. 3. The Reference Object dialog box appears. 4. Select the file to which you want to create a reference. 5. Choose Choose.
Result
You have created a reference to the selected object in the current learning net.
Referencing a Media Object

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This procedure describes how to reference a media object without the help of the wizard: 1. Select the object in which you want to use the media object. 2. Choose Tools Reference Media Object. 3. The Reference Object dialog box appears. 4. Select the file you want to import and choose Choose.
Result
An instructional element is created in the learning net or learning object whose media object references the file you selected.
Importing Resources
Use
There are two options for importing resources: You can copy a non-reusable file (such as a *.jpg file) to the repository which you want to have available in a learning net [Page 3] or learning object [Page 3] to the repository and automatically to the root folder of this learning net. Files in the root folder of a learning net can only be used in this learning net or object. You can call this function from the dialog area when editing a learning net or learning object. You can copy files as reusable media objects to the repository.
Prerequisites
You have already opened the learning net into whose root folder you want to copy the file.
Importing resources to a learning net / learning object

This procedure describes how to create a learning object or net witho ut the help of the wizard: 5. Open the learning net into whose root folder you want to copy files. 6. To do so, choose Tools Import Resources To Learning Net/ Object . A dialog box appears. 7. Select the files you want to transfer. 8. Choose Choose.
Result
The files have been transferred to the root folder and are reusable in this learning net.
Importing resources as reusable media objects

...
This procedure describes how to reference a resource as a reusable media object without the help of the wizard: 1. Choose Tools Import Resources As Reusable Media Object . A dialog box appears. 2. Select the files you want to copy. 3. Choose Import. The Generate New Reusable Object dialog box appears.
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4. Select the type of object to be created ( learning net/object , single media object (reusable) or compound media object (reusable ), group of learning nets/objects) .
P P P P
When you select the object type learning net / object, all selected files are saved in one new learning net or object. The anchor file must point to the learning net / learning object file. When you select the object type single media object, exactly one of the selected files is imported. It is created as a reusable media object. When you select the object type compound media object, all of the selected files are imported. They are created as a reusable media object. The anchor file must point to the initial file of the compound resource. When you select the object type group of learning nets/objects, the selected files are searched to find (reusable) learning nets or learning o bjects, and media objects. Each object found is imported as a separate object. Select this option when you want to import a package of learning nets or objects.
5. Enter data as required for the object type. 6. Choose OK.
Result
The data has been copied into the local repository or created as a reusable object there and can be referenced from learning nets and learning objects.
Learning Objective Manager

Use
The learning objective manager provides support when you use existing learning objectives [Page 3] from the learning objectives catalog or when you create new learning objectives for learning objects [Page 3] and learning nets [Page 3].
Integration
The learning objectives catalog is located in the R/3 System of the SAP Learning Solution . If you create new learning objectives offline in the Authoring Environment, you must save these to the R/3 System. You do this with the option Automatically update learning objectives catalog in the menu under Tools Configuration. When you select this indicator, the learning objectives catalog is automatically synchronized when the Authoring Environment is started.
This process may take some time since the entire local repository must be searched during synchronization.
Prerequisites
There must be a learning objectives catalog in the R/3 System of the SAP Learning Solution.
Features
In online editing, the system displays both the offline catalog of locally generated learning objectives and the online catalog of the learning objectives in the R/3 System.
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If there are learning objectives that were created offline or online learning objectives that are not in the offline catalog, you must reconcile the learning objectives catalog. This involves the following steps performed by the system: If there are locally created learning objectives that are not in the online ca talog, a new R/3 learning objective is created and saved to the R/3 System with an ID. The locally created learning objectives are replaced with the corresponding R/3 learning objectives. All learning objectives in learning nets and learning objects in the local repository are checked and if necessary updated.
Activities
There are two ways to call the learning objective manager : When editing a learning net or learning object, in the dialog area choose Learning objectives Add to define new learning objectives or adopt existing ones. To use learning objectives, select the required learning net or learning object and choose Tools Learning objective manager.
Learning Objectives
Definition
Learning objectives characterize skills and knowledge that a learner can attain by successfully working through course content.
Use
You can assign learning objectives to learning nets [Page 3] and learning objects [Page 3]. They serve to store the learners existing knowledge. The Content Player [Page 3] uses learning objectives to adapt a course to the learners level of knowledge when the course is being completed. If a learning net or learning object has learning objectives assigned, a check is performed to see if the learner already has the learning objective concerned (attained by doing a test or another course, for example). Depending on the learners level of knowledge, there are two options: If the learner already has all of the learning objectives, the learning net or object is considered completed and is skipped. If the learner does not have all of the learning objectives, the learning net or object must be completed as normal.
When the learning net or learning object has been completed, the learner is credited with all of the learning objectives that are flagged as attainable.
Using Learning Objectives

Procedure
To assign existing learning objectives [Page 3] to a learning object [Page 3] or a learning net [Page 3] proceed as follows:
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1. Select the required learning object or learning net. The Edit Learning Net or Learning Object dialog box appears. 2. Choose Learning Objectives . 3. Choose Add. The Select More Learning Objectives dialog box appears. 4. Select the required learning objectives in the learning objectives catalog and choose Add. The learning objective is transferred to the dialog box Edit Learning Net or Edit Learning Object.
The Attainable indicator is set in the standard system. If a learning objective is set as attainable, the learner is credited with it as soon as the learning objective or learning net is completed in the Content Player [Page 3]. If you deselect this indicator, the Content Player only checks whether the learner already has the learning objective. The learning objective cannot be attained by completing the learning object or learning net, however. 5. Save your entries.
Result
Learning objectives have been adopted from the learning objectives catalog for the learning object or learning net.
Creating New Learning Objectives

Procedure
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1. Select the required learning net [Page 3] or object [Page 3]. The dialog box Edit Learning Net or Edit Learning Object appears. 2. Choose Learning Objectives . 3. Choose Add. 4. The Select Additional Learning Objectives dialog box appears. a. Choose New. b. Enter a name for the learning objective. c. You cannot edit the language field. The language of the editor is the editing language used in the description of the learning objective.
Learning objectives themselves have no language assigned, they are language independent. Thus, it is of no importance for the Content Player [Page 3] what language the learning objective description is in since it does not use this. d. You can enter a performance description for the learning objective. e. You can specify constraints determining, for example, how the acquired knowledge should be later demonstrated or applied:
Q Q Q
by answering a question by answering multiple questions asked by the <customer>
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Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
in a test in a set exercise in a simulation in an assessment in the presentation of a problem by operating a software application by applying it in a specific situation
5. Choose Add. The new learning objective is transferred to the dialog box Edit Learning Net or Edit Learning Object .
The indicator Attainable is set in the standard system. If a learning objective is set as Attainable, the learner is credited with it as soon as the learning objective or learning net is completed in the Content Player. If you deselect this indicator, the Content Player only checks whether the learner already has the learning objective. The learning objective cannot be attained by completing the learning object or learning net, however. 6. Save your entries.
Result
A new learning objective has been created for a learning net or learning object.
Template Manager
Use
You can use the Template Manager to edit and delete the following templates: Instructional element templates Test element templates Learning net templates Learning object templates
To create a template, choose File Save As Template or select the corresponding wizard.
Features
If you use a file that is located outside the local repository [Page 3] for an instructional element template or test template, this is copied into the local repository when an instance of the template is used. If a template contains other files, such as a *.gif file on a HTML page, you must specify this file explicitly under Additional Files. See also: Creating a Template [Page 3] Creation of Learning Object Templates [Page 3]
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Editing Templates
You can edit all template types using the template manager.
Procedure
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1. Choose Tools Template Manager. The Template Manager dialog box appears. 2. Choose the required template type. 3. Select the required template and choose Edit. 4. Change data as required. 5. Confirm your entries with OK. The Template Manager dialog box appears. 6. Choose OK.
Result
The required data of the test template has been changed.
Deleting Templates
Use
Use this function to delete learning nets, learning objects, instructional elements, and test templates.
Procedure
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1. Choose Tools Template Manager. The Template Manager dialog box appears. 2. Select the required template type (learning net template, learning object template, instructional element template or test template). 3. Select the required template and choose Delete. 4. Choose OK.
Result
You have deleted the template.
Packaging
Use
Packaging is a tool that lets you send objects such as learning nets [Page 3] and learning objects [Page 3] by e-mail. This enables you to make learning content accessible to other users, for example translators, who do not have access to the master repository [Page 3].
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The package generated is stored in a file with the format *.lnp (learning net package).
Prerequisites
The learning net or learning object you want to package should not be open in the editor.
Activities
The following steps are involved in the packaging process: Packing The files must be packed to create a package. Unpacking The files must be unpacked to edit the package. The same dialog is used as for importing resources as reusable media objects. See also: Importing Resources [Page 3]
Packing
Use
You pack a learning net [Page 3] or learning object [Page 3] to make it accessible to other users who have no access to the master repository. The file is compressed for this purpose and can be sent by e-mail.
Prerequisites
The objects to be packed must be located in the local repository.
Procedure
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1. Choose Tools Packaging. The Packaging Tools dialog box appears. 2. Choose pack. 3. Select the learning net package you want to generate (outside of the repository). 4. Select the required learning net or object. 5. Choose generate package.
Result
A package is generated that contains the required learning net or object and all referenced objects as well. The package can be sent by e-mail.
Unpacking
Use
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Prerequisites
The files to be unpacked must have the format *.lnp and be located outside the repository.
Procedure
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1. Choose Tools Packaging. The Packaging Tools dialog box appears. 2. Choose unpack. 3. In the dialog box that appears, select the learning net package. The selected file is transferred to the dialog box Packaging Tools. 4. Choose Unpack package.
Result
The learning net package has been unpacked and is ready to edit in the local repository [Page 3].
Learning Net Conversion

Use
This tool provides the following functions: You can convert a foreign course into a format used in the SAP Learning Solution. Course formats supported are SCORMv1.1 and SCORMv1.2. You can convert learning nets [Page 3] of the SAP Learning Solution to SCORM format. The course format supported in this case is SCORMv1.2. A SCORM course has to be converted to a learning net before it can be run in the SAP Learning Solution. The learning net must then be processed further before you can use the extensive functions in the SAP Learning Solution .
Please note that the conversion is not reversible. You cannot restore the original course after it has been converted.
Prerequisites
Foreign courses that you want to convert must be located outside the repository. Write authorization is required for the storage folder of the foreign course since additional information is written to the course on conversion. Learning nets that you want to convert to SCORM format must be located in the repository.
Activities
The learning net conversion runs automatically once you start it.
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Before you can use a converted course, it must be transferred to the repository after conversion. To do so, choose Tools Import Resources As Reusable Media Object .
Converting a Foreign Course

Use
You can convert a foreign course into a learning net [Page 3] of the SAP Learning Solution. When you do so, the course can be played in the SAP Learning Solution. If you want to use learning strategies, you must perform some post processing on the course.
Procedure
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1. Choose Tools Convert Learning Net. The Learning Net Conversion dialog box is displayed. 2. Choose Find Course File for Conversion . A dialog box appears. 3. Select the required file. For SCORMv1.1 choose the CSF file of the course, for SCORMv1.2 choose the imsmanifest.xml-file. 4. Choose Select. The selected file is transferred to the dialog box Learning Net Conversion . 5. Choose Start Conversion.
Result
The selected SCORM course is converted into a learning net of the SAP Learning Solution and can be imported for editing in the Authoring Environment .
Converting Learning Nets

Use
You use this function to export a learning net [Page 3] to SCORM format. The format available is SCORMv1.2. The converted course can then be imported into and played in other SCORM-compatible learning systems.
Procedure
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1. Choose Tools Convert Learning Net. The Learning Net Conversion dialog box is displayed. 2. Choose Convert Learning Net . A dialog box appears. 3. Select the required course file. 4. Choose Select. The selected course file is transferred to the Learning Net Conversion dialog box. 5. Choose Start Conversion.
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Result
The learning net has been converted to a SCORM course. A message displays the generated course file and the folder in which the course is stored.
Adjusting System Settings

Use
This function lets you make system settings under the following headings: General Wizards Profile Messages
General
You can make or change the following settings: The following options are available for graphical display of learning nets in the work area:
P P P
Grid Directed Compact
As far as possible, you should use the display option directed, since this layout algorithm tries to retain the arrow directions in the relationships. This display option requires more space than the compact option, however. There are multiple options available for configuring the appearance and color scheme of the interface. When you make these settings, you must activate them. You can activate them directly. You may have to restart the Authoring Environment, however, before the changes take effect. The indicator Free Macro and Micro Strategy Selection is set in the standard system. If you deselect this indicator, you cannot select the macro and micro strategy combination you want when playing a learning net. You must use the macro and micro strategy combinations specified in Training Management. Hierarchical Display of Learning Nets or Objects In the Authoring Environment , there are two display options for learning nets and learning objects in the learning net overview. The default display option is a hierarchical display of learning nets and learning objects. If you switch off this option, learning nets and objects are displayed in list format. References are displayed below the relevant learning net or learning object. The indicator Activate Graphics on Opening is set in the standard system. This settings causes the system to branch directly to a referenced learning net on opening. The indicator Display Relationship Names is set in the standard system. This setting causes relationship names to be displayed beside the arrows in the graphical work area.
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Refresh Graphical Display Automatically If... contains a number of options for changing objects in the graphical work area. The more actions you select to be automatically refreshed, the more up-to-date the display. The fewer actions you select, the more coherent the display.
If you select the indicator Display all hidden dialogs , you can display messages that were hidden.
Save the learning net MS Outlook. The following message is output: The following learning net/object was saved successfully: MS Outlook . You can hide this message by setting the indicator Do not display this message in the message dialog box. All messages for this object will no longer be displayed. To reactivate this function, set the indicator Display all hidden dialogs.
Wizards
You can select the wizards you want to work with from the list. The default settings is that all of the wizards are active. For more information about working with wizards, see Wizards in the Authoring Environment [Page 3].
Profile
Under Role, you can switch between the roles Subject Matter Expert and Instructional Designer. When you start the Authoring Environment for the first time, the system requests you to select a role. Under Function Activation, you can find all of the functions that are typically deactivated for a given role in the standard system. You can activate any of these functions by selecting the relevant indicator. For more information about these roles, see The Role Concept in the Authoring Environment [Page 3].
Messages
Under Display Message Types , you can select message types to be hidden. Under Display Messages , you can select which sorts of messages are to be hidden.
The default setting is that all message types and messages are active. In the Messages screen area, you must then choose Refresh Messages to delete the relevant messages from the display. For more information, see Messages [Page 3].
Configuration
Use
This function lets you make system settings under the following headings: Associations
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Associations
You can store system associations for editing and displaying content files and source files with external editors. The indicator Use System Associations for Non-Associated Files is only required if you do not specify file extensions explicitly yourself. If you select this indicator, the system associations that are stored by the system as file extensions for programs are applied. For more information, see Specify Associations for Editing Content [Page 3] and Specify Associations for Displaying Content [Page 3].
Metadata
You can specify associations for editing metadata. You can use any files for metadata. Similar to content files, the indicator Use System Associations for Non-Associated Files is only required if you do not specify file extensions explicitly. If this indicator is selected, the system associations that are stored by the system as file extensions for programs are applied.
Online
The following options exist: Start online If you select this indicator, a connection is automatically made to the R/3 System and the master repository [Page 3] when you start the Authoring Environment. Synchronize Learning Objectives Catalog Automatically If you select this indicator, the learning objectives catalog is automatically synchronized when you connect to the R/3 System via File Offline or in the Repository Explorer via Connect.
This process may take some time to complete. In the standard system, neither of these indicators is selected.
Repository
You can make settings for the local repository [Page 3], the master repository [Page 3] and for the search engine: If you need to, you can use a different root folder for the local repository. Ensure that no objects are open in the authoring environment when you do so. The server URL for the master repository is displayed. You set this parameter in Customizing for the SAP Learning Solution under Authoring Environment Specify CMS Address. Use of a search engine is optional. If you do not configure a search engine, you cannot search for objects you generated in the master repository. You can find the search function in the Repository Explorer in the master repository area.
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You can display search results directly in the Content Player using a context menu. The following parameters are required to install the search engine:
P P P
The server URL of the http server where the search engine is located The name of the search index exclusive to the SAP Learning Solution The URL prefix for communication between the content management system and the master repository
You set this parameter in Customizing for the SAP Learning Solution under Authoring Environment. Use proxy for http connections You can specify the server URL for the proxy server used to access the master repository if this is before the firewall.
Content Player
The following options are available for Content Player settings: If you select the indicator Auto Start Content Player at Editor Startup , the Content Player is automatically launched when the Authoring Environment is started. You can select which of the learning strategies preset in Customizing (TM Strategy) should be used to play learning nets and objects in the Content Player. The Training Management strategy is a combination of macro learning strategy and micro learning strategy, which you defined in Customizing for the SAP Learning Solution under Learning Portal Select Learning Strategies . If you do not want to use the Training Management strategy, you can specify free strategy selection and select the macro and micro strategy that should be used to play learning nets and objects in the Content Player. The indicator Display Strategy Selection at Browser Start is set by default in the standard system. When the Content Player is launched, the system displays the preset strategy, which you can then change if you need to. Set the indicator Use Knowledge Type for Instructional Element Display if the knowledge type should be displayed in the contents of the Content Player instead of the name of the instructional element. Select the indicator Activate Accessibility in Content Player if you want to use the accessible version of the Content Player.
Specifying Associations for Editing

Use
You use this function to specify what system associations you want to use for editing media objects.
Procedure
...
This procedure describes how to edit associations without the help of the wizard:
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The Configuration dialog box appears. In the upper part of the screen, you make the association settings relevant for editing. 2. Choose New. The Create New Association dialog box appears. 3. Enter a name of your choice. 4. Select one of the following options:
P P
Use System Associations at Startup Select this option if you want to use the application registered in the Windows Explorer for this file extension. Application Select this option if you want to specify an application yourself.
5. Choose Find Application to locate the start file of the application and choose Select. 6. Enter the file extension in the Extension field and choose Add. Select one of these options:
P P P
Editor can be used to create tests Select this indicator if the application is suitable for creating tests as well. Editor can be used to create instructional elements This indicator is set by default. Deselect it where necessary. Editor has different source and display formats Select this indicator if the application provides different formats for editing files and displaying them.
If you select MS Word as the application, the source format .doc and the display format .html are available. 7. Select one of the following options:
P P
Create empty file if file does not exist Select this indicator if you want an empty file generated if none exists when the editor is called. Copy of file Select this indicator if you want to use a template for the files (choose Find File).
8. Choose OK. You return to the Configuration dialog box. 9. Choose OK. 10. Repeat this procedure until you have specified all the system associations you require.
Result
You have specified the system associations for editing media objects and tests.
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Specifying Associations for Displaying

Use
You use this function to specify what application you want to use for displaying media objects.
Procedure
...
1. Choose Tools Configuration Associations . The Configuration dialog box appears. In the upper part of the screen, you make the association settings relevant for display. 2. Choose New. The Create New Association dialog box appears. 3. Enter a name of your choice. 4. Select one of the following options: Use System Associations at Startup Select this option if you want to use the application registered in the Windows Explorer for this file extension. Application Select this option if you want to specify an application yourself. 5. Choose Find Application to locate the start file of the application and choose Choose. 6. Enter the file extension in the Extension field and choose Add. 7. If you want the content to be loaded from the Content Player instead of from the file system via http, select Execute File Access via Content Player . 8. Choose OK. 9. Repeat this procedure until you have specified all the system associations you require.
Result
You have specified the system associations for the display of media objects.
Content Player
Use
In the SAP Learning Solution , the Content Player is the tool used for playing timeindependent courses such as Web-based Training (WBT).
Features
The Content Player guides the learner through the course using the learners personal learning strategy. This means that the Content Player dynamically adapts the number and sequence of learning objects [Page 3] contained in the WBT to the learners individual learning pattern. The learner-specific course sequence is generated at runtime based on didactical strategies and taking account of learning objectives achieved so far. As soon as the learner starts a course, the learning objectives and qualifications achieved so far are compared with the qualifications imparted by the course. This enables the Content Player to avoid offering redundant learning objects to the learner as part of the course . Authoring Environment 647 63
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If a learner interrupts and then resumes a course, the Content Player opens the course at the point of interruption. If a course has already been completed, a page is displayed with an appropriate message. On successful completion of a course, the learning objectives achieved are credited as qualifications to the learners personal learner account.
Macro Strategy
Use
The Content Player [Page 3] uses the macro strategy to determine the sequence in which learning objects [Page 3] are displayed in the browser. The following macro strategies are used in the Content Player: Table of contents This strategy only uses the table of contents of the learning net [Page 3], ignoring relationships. This means that the learning objects are displayed in the sequence in which they are arranged in the learning net. From general to specific (deductive) This strategy uses the hierarchical relationships [Page 3] between learning objects. You work through the hierarchy from the top down.
A course on the subject of Cars contains the learning objects About the Car, About the Engine, About the Body and About the Tires . The learner works his way through the course in this way. From specific to general (inductive) This strategy is similar to the strategy from general to specific. The learner works through the hierarchy from the top down. However, there is only a brief orientation given for each learning object, as you go down through the hierarchy. This is true for all elements down to the lowest. Then, the learner works his way up through the hierarchy again with the desired level of detail.
In a course on The Car, the engine and how it works is also referred to. A detailed explanation of the engine is not given until the lower -level hierarchy elements. SCORM You use this strategy for learning nets out of external learning management systems that are imported as SCORM courses. (SCORM refers to the data format used for the exchange.) Linear
P P P P
From general to specific (linear) From specific to general (linear) Table of contents (linear) SCORM (linear)
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These strategies generate a linear display sequence from the corresponding non -linear strategies (listed above). This means that no alternatives are offered in the path. The learner must follow the path specified.
Learning Micro Strategy

Use
The Content Player [Page 3] uses the micro strategy to determine which of the instructional element [External]s in a learning object are displayed to the learner in the browser. The macro strategy [Page 3] determines what micro strategies are valid for the learner. The following micro strategies are used in the Content Player: Orientation only Only the orientation knowledge of the learning objects [Page 3] is displayed. No other knowledge types [Page 3] are displayed. Initial orientation Orientation knowledge is displayed to start with and then the other knowledge types. Explanation-oriented Explanatory knowledge is displayed to start with and then the other knowledge types. Task-oriented Practical instruction/action is displayed to start with and then the other knowledge types. Example-oriented Example knowledge is displayed to start with and then the other knowledge types. Table of contents This strategy simply uses the table of contents, ignoring knowledge types and relationships. SCORM This is the micro strategy used with the corresponding SCORM macro strategy. (SCORM refers to the data format used for the exchange.)
Console of the Content Player

Use
The console of the Content Player [Page 3] is where the system displays all information and error messages, which you can copy when problems arise and forward in a message to the administrator.
Features
From the Content Player console, you can:
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Playing a Learning Net/Learning Object

Use
This function starts the Content Player [Page 3]. You can play a learning net [Page 3] or learning object [Page 3] to check the course run in the Content Player. In the Content Player you see the learning content just as it is presented to the learner (but without the learners individual learning strategy).
Prerequisites
The learning net or object you want to play must be open in th e editor.
Procedure
...
1. In the editor, select the learning net or object you want to play in the Content Player. 2. Choose Tools Play Learning Net/Learning Object. 3. The Select Strategies for the Learning Object Net dialog box appears. a. Select a micro strategy, where relevant. b. Select a macro strategy, where relevant. c. The indicator Display Strategy Selection at Browser Start is set by default. If you do not want this dialog box displayed (for instance, because you frequently use the same strategy), deselect the indicator.
The dialog box will not be displayed if you deselect the indicator under Tools Configuration Content Player. You can select the micro and macro strategies there too. 4. Choose Confirm.
Result
The Content Player starts the selected learning net with the learning strategy specified.
Navigation in the Content Player

Use
There are a number of functions available for displaying a course in the Content Player [Page 3]. You do not have to edit the course in a linear fashion, you can jump from learning object [Page 3] to learning object.
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The topic of the course or learning object is displayed in the upper part of the Content Player screen. The content of the learning object is displayed in the center screen area. The navigation bar is located in the lower screen area. You use the navigation bar to activate all of the navigation functi ons for a course. You call these functions simply by clicking them.
Features
The following navigation options are available: Back To go back to the previous learning object, choose Back.
Navigation steps from other sessions are also taken into account at this point. Continue To move on to the next object, choose Continue. If you navigate in a course using Continue, this happens in a time axis according to the selected learning strategy. If you then navigate using Back, the Content Player goes back in this history. If you then navigate again with Continue, the Content Player returns to the learning content that was most recently edited. Only after this point does Continue mean that the Content Player progresses further in accordance with the selected strategy. Table of contents To display an overview of the content of a course, choose Table of contents. In the dialog box Table of Contents the learning objects are presented in the sequence in which the author created them. This view is independent of the learning strategy selected. In the table of contents, entries that you can click to access a learning object are highlighted in color. Access to entries depends on the completion status and the learning strategy selected. In the table of contents, rather than displaying the subject, you can display the knowledge type of the instructional element. You make this setting when you configure the Authoring Environment . Path If you want to know where exactly you are in a course, choose Path. The dialog box Learning Path appears with an overview of the course. The overview depends on the learning strategy selected. If the course was started from the learning portal, the learning strategy selected in the portal is displayed in the dialog box. If the course was started from the Authoring Environment , the selected macro strategy with its corresponding micro strategy is displayed in the dialog box. In the upper part of the dialog box, the system displays the instructional elements [External] in the current learning object. Note that this part may also be empty. The elements may have the following indicators appended: The element is currently in process. The element has been completed or displayed. Completion of this element is not yet recommended. The element is a test element.
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In the lower part of the screen, learning objects and learning nets [Page 3] are displayed that are in the environment of the current path (elements displayed on a dark background). As above, elements you have already displayed or completed and the learning object currently in process are flagged accordingly (green checkmark or open tab box).
A Microsoft Office course entitled Writing E-Mails contains the topics Creating Attachments and Setting Importance Indicators . You are in a learning object. The instructional element currently displayed is Why Set Importance Indicators? In the dialog box Learning Path, the following path is displayed:
Why Set Importance Indicators?
Important facts about importance indicators
An example
...
Writing E-Mails
+ Creating Attachments + Setting Importance Indicators
Print To print out the content of a course, choose Print. Only the page currently displayed is printed. The navigation and the path are not printed.
Log Off To exit the course, choose Log off. The achieved learning objectives [Page 3] are entered in the learner account. The system saves the point at which the course was interrupted to ensure that the learner can resume at the same point. After logging off, the dialog box is closed if the course was started from the portal and has been fully completed.
Repository Explorer
Use
The purpose of the Repository Explorer is to administer course content. Its functions fall into three categories: Data transfer between the local repository and the master repository Administration of the local repository [Page 3] Administration of the master repository [Page 3]
All actions in the Repository Explorer are done at the level of reusable objects. Reusable objects are learning nets [Page 3] and learning objects [Page 3] (including their internal instructional elements [External]), as well as content files especially created as reusable objects. Reusable objects can be referenced from any context.
Features
When you start the Repository Explorer, a dialog box split into two areas appears: On the left you have the content of the local repository.
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When you work offline, or if there is no connection to the master repository when working online, you can connect to the master repository by choosing Connect. All of the functions available for switching between the local and the master reposito ries are located in a dialog box between the two areas. You can only access these functions if you are connected to the master repository. The functions specific to each repository are located below the relevant repository. You can access the same functions in the context menus with a right click in the area.
Key
The icons used in the Repository Explorer indicate the following: Learning net Learning object Media object (can also be an instructional element) Checked-in learning net Checked-in learning object Checked-in media object Locked learning net Locked learning object Locked media object Version group of learning nets Version group of learning objects Version group of media objects Media object/learning net/learning object to be checked in, which can be edited locally Released media object/learning net/learning object Media object/learning net/learning object with unclear release status Invalid media object/learning net/learning object Frozen learning net
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Frozen learning object Frozen media object
Data Transfer Between Local and Master Repository

Use
The chief function of the Repository Explorer is to transfer data between the local repository [Page 3], where course content can be displayed and edited, and the master repository [Page 3], which is a central, persistent data storage area that is accessible to authors. The functions available there are only valid for reusable objects, that is, learning nets [Page 3] and learning objects [Page 3] (including their instructional elements), and media objects specifically created as reusable objects.
No Change in Master Repository Objects that are checked in to the master repository cannot be changed again. If you want to change the content, you must edit it in order to create a new version. The advantage of this is that other authors using a foreign object can be s ure that the object will not change. Dual Name Range The local and the master repositories are organized in the same hierarchical name range. This means that an object stored in the local repository is transported to the same name space in the master repos itory and vice versa. Consequently, you must pay particular attention to the storage location of an object when you create it since you cannot change this afterwards.
Features
Data transfer between the local work area (repository) and the master repository includes the following functions: Check reusable objects into the master repository Copy reusable objects to the local repository Display changes to locally selected objects.
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Checking In
Use
Check-in allows data transfer from the local repository [Page 3] to the master repository [Page 3]. Data is stored in the master repository and can be displayed by other authors when it is released. When you execute the function, a check-in wizard guides you through the process. The check-in wizard lets you automatically insert all dependent objects into the check -in list. Dependent objects are objects required for displaying the object being checked in. Before checking the objects in, you should ensure that all object dependencies have been maintained correctly. See also: Edit object attributes All files belonging to an object are checked in, even unchanged files. The check-in wizard provides a consistency check on cross-references between objects and their dependencies. At check-in, you also have the option of generating a copy of the object to be checked into the local repository.
Once an object has been checked in, it cannot be changed. To change its content, you must create a new version of the object.
Prerequisites
To be able to check in an object, you must be working online or have set up a connection to the master repository. To do this, choose Connect in the master repository.
Procedure
... ...
1. In the local repository, select one or more objects for check-in. 2. Choose check in. The dialog box Check-In Wizard appears. 3. If the cross-references should be checked for consistency, set the appropriate indicator. 4. Choose Continue.
In very rare cases, the system may determine a version conflict during the check-in. Such a conflict occurs when the objects you want to check in indirectly reference different versions of an object. When this is the case you must choose a version that you want to use in the context of the objects you want to check in. For more detailed information, see the section Versioning. 5. A dialog box may appear indicating structure errors in the objects to be checked in. You can ignore these errors and proceed with the check-in. However, it may not be possible to release the objects later on if you do so. Alternatively, you can cancel the check -in and correct the errors. 6. In the dialog box that appears, you have the following options: Check the list of objects for transport. Check in particular whether all dependent objects are included in the list. If this is not the case, leave the check -in wizard and edit the dependencies in the local repository by choosing Edit Attributes Dependencies.
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If you want to keep a copy in the local repository of the objects to be checked in, select the relevant indicator. 7. Choose Start.
Error messages at check-in

There are a number of error messages that can be output for the objects you want to check in. The following error types can occur: Learning objective error The learning net / learning object contains invalid learning objectives or an invalid system ID. The check-in cannot proceed after this type of error. To correct the error, you must open the object in the Authoring Environment. Empty learning net/object The learning net / learning object contains no subordinate learning nets, learning objects or instructional elements. Obsolete content The content generated for the object (for example, for a test) is obsolete. To correct the error, open the object in the Authoring Environment and regenerate the content. Dependency error The object uses media objects that have not been entered explicitly. To correct the error, add the dependencies to the object. To do so, select the object in the local repository and choose Edit Attributes Dependencies . Missing anchor file The anchor file does not exist for an object. This means that the object cannot be referenced by other objects. This error usually only occurs when you have deleted the anchor file manually; that is, outside of the authoring environment. To correct the error, you must either delete the object completely and create it again or create the anchor file again manually. Cross-reference error The object contains references to unknown or invalid objects. To correct the error, edit the object and adapt the cross-reference accordingly.
Cross-references are only checked for some file types. Thus, an error -free check-in is no guarantee that all of the cross-references in the objects are correct.
Result
The selected objects are checked in to the master repository with the relevant dependent objects. The objects are flagged with the relevant icons.
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Copying
Use
Copying enables data transfer from the master repository [Page 3] to the local repository [Page 3]. An exact copy of each object is generated. This can be read locally but not changed or checked in to the master repository. When you execute the function, a copy wizard guides you through the process. Like the check-in wizard, the copy wizard lets you automatically add all dependent objects to the copy list.
Prerequisites
To be able to copy an object, you must be working online or have set up a connection to the master repository. To do this, choose Connect in the master repository.
Procedure
...
1. In the master repository, select one or more objects for copying. 2. Choose Copy. The dialog box Copy Wizard appears . 3. If you want dependent objects automatically added to the copy list, select the relevant indicator. 4. Choose Continue. 5. Check or shorten the list of objects for transport in the dialog box that appears. 6. Choose Start.
During the copying process, the system may detect a version conflict. Such a conflict occurs when you copy an object that already exists locally in another version. In this case you must choose a version that you want to use in the context of the locally edited course. For more detailed information, see the section Versioning.
Result
The objects to be transported have been copied in read-only format to the local repository.
Some version conflicts may only have been solved temporarily during the copying process. This is indicated by an icon with an exclamation mark at the local work area. A definite conflict resolution can be started at once or at a later date by pressing the corresponding switch button. For more detailed information, see the section Versioning.
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Displaying New Versions

Use
You use this function in the master repository to find new versions of objects selected locally. You may do this, for example, if you want to know if the author has updated an object you are using locally. New versions are highlighted in bold font in the master repository. New versions that have been released can be reused. You can display a preview of the new version in the browser. Possible version conflicts can be resolved You can return to the normal view via the master repository view. See also: Versioning
Prerequisites
You are connected to the master repository.
Procedure
7. Choose Tools Repository Explorer. 8. In the local work area, select the objects whose new versions you want to display in the master repository. 9. Choose New Versions.
Result
If there are new versions of the selected objects (and their dependent objects) in the master repository, they are highlighted in bold font. You can copy new versions that have been released to the local repository and integrate them in your course.
Administration of the Local Repository

Use
The local repository is the folder structure on your local hard drive or on a server where all locally created objects (learning nets [Page 3], learning objects [Page 3] and instructional elements [External]) are stored. The local repository is subdivided into the following folder types: Object folder The object folder is automatically generated for each reusable object created in the local repository (learning net, learning object, and media object as reusable object). An object folder is created for each object. Storage folder The storage folder offers you the option of storing objects you have created according to specific criteria defined by you.
You cannot change the storage folder once it has been created, so you should create it with great care. It is also used for the objects checked in to the master repository. Authoring Environment 647 74
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Views offer you the option of filtering data in the local repository, according to certain predefined criteria. The following views are available: You can display All Objects. You can display All Objects (including dependencies) . You can only display Editable Objects .
Features
The local repository contains the following functions: Local work areas Generate reusable media object Edit object files Edit object attributes Copy and move objects Delete objects Check data consistency Refresh view
Local Work Areas

Use
The local repository can be divided into several work areas. This enables you to better structure all locally created content.
Create each course (learning nets and their dependent objects) that you want to view or edit locally in a separate work area.
You must store courses in different work areas if they contain different versions of the same object. The versioning concept only allows one version of an object to be present in a course or work area. You can create new work areas and delete work areas. There is always a default work area available that cannot be deleted. If you used version LSO100 of the Authoring Environment and created content in it, the work area Frozen Objects is also automatically available. It contains all of the objects you created in version LSO100. If you want to use frozen objects, you must copy them to a new work area. This creates a new version of the object, which you can then edit. See also: Versioning [Page 3]
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Activities
You can create a new work area in the local repository by choosing Generate New Work Area. When you switch from one work area to another, the objects open in the current one are saved and closed. You can delete the work area you are currently worki ng in and all of the objects in it by choosing Delete Work Area.
Creating a Media Object

Use
You use this function to create a new reusable media object in the local repository [Page 3]. The following options are available: You can create a single media object. This consists of one single file. You can create a compound media object. This can contain multiple files that are stored in a folder. One of the files is flagged as the anchor file, which serves as the point of entry when the media object is accessed. If the resource is to be used as an instructional element and have a separate source and content file, the anchor file must be the source file.
Prerequisites
The Repository Explorer must be open.
Creating a Single Media Object

...
1. In the local work area, choose Generate a new (reusable) media object . 2. If you have not selected a directory in the local repository, the dialog box Select a Folder appears. 3. Select a directory and choose Choose. The Generate New Media Object dialog box appears. 4. Choose Single media object (reusable) . 5. Specify the anchor file used to access the media object. 6. Enter the content language . If you are dealing with a language-independent media object (e.g. a logo), select language-independent. 7. Select a storage folder in which the new media object will be stored. 8. Choose OK. Result: You have created a new reusable media object.
Creating a Compound Media Object

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1. In the local repository, choose Generate a (new) reusable media object . 2. If you have not selected a directory in the local repository, the dialog box Select a Folder appears. 3. Select a directory and choose Choose.
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If you are dealing with a language-independent media object (e.g. a logo), select language-independent. 8. Select the storage folder in which the new media object will be stored. 9. Choose OK. Result: You have created a new compound media object.
Edit Object Files

Use
You can also edit the files of an editable object individually. These are only files that cannot be edited in the structure editor. You can edit, rename, or delete a file from the Repository Explorer. When you choose the function Edit, if the corresponding system assignment has been entered in the configuration, the appropriate editor is opened so that you can process the file
Prerequisites
Procedure
...
1. Select the object you want to edit in the local work area and choose Edit Files. A file browser dialog appears from where you can navigate to the files in the object. 2. Edit all required files. You can choose one of the functions Edit, Rename, or Delete for the selected files. 3. You can also create new files and directories. 4. When you have finished editing files, choose Finish to close the browser dialog.
Result
The files you edited have been changed in the local work area.
Editing Object Attributes

Use
This function lets you edit the attributes of an individual object that can be described (learning net, learning object or reusable media object).
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The meta data repository path, status and learning objectives is displayed but cannot be changed. The only attribute that can be changed is the content language and only for the first version of an object. Annotations You can store free text annotations on the new versio n of an object, for example, the reasons why the object was changed. Dependencies All dependencies of the object being edited are displayed. You can create new dependencies and edit existing, user-defined ones. Dependencies determined by the system are grayed out and cannot be changed.
Maintaining dependencies is very important for various transport processes. Only when all the dependent reusable objects are known for a reusable object can these objects be taken into account during transport processes (c hecking in, copying, packaging, translating, offline capability). Most dependencies are determined automatically by the system. This includes dependencies between learning nets, learning objects, tests, and instructional elements that are created using the SAP Instructional Element Editor . These object dependencies are also applied to reusable media objects. Only dependencies between media objects cannot be determined automatically and must be explicitly assigned.
A media object (e.g. logo) is used in an instructional element (e.g. HTML page). These dependencies cannot be determined by the system, so they have to be specified explicitly.
Prerequisites
Procedure
Edit meta data
...
1. Select the required object and choose Edit attributes of selected object. A dialog box appears. 2. Choose Meta data. 3. If necessary, change the content language . 4. Choose OK. Result: You have changed the content language of the object.
Enter annotations
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1. Select the required object and choose Edit attributes of selected object. A dialog box appears.
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Edit dependencies
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1. Select the required object and choose Edit attributes of selected object. A dialog box appears. 2. Choose Dependencies. 3. Edit existing dependencies or assign new dependency candidates . 4. Choose OK. Result: You have edited dependencies for the object.
Copying and Moving Objects

Use
Copying You can copy a reusable object to another directory or local work area. The original object remains in its storage location and a copy is created in the new storage location. Moving You can move a reusable object to another directory or local work area. The object is deleted from its current location and pasted to the new location.
Prerequisites
There are no prerequisites for copying objects. You can only move objects that are stored in the original version and that have not been checked into the master repository.
Copy Objects
5. Select the reusable object you want to copy. 6. Choose Copy/Move Objects . A dialog box appears. 7. The name of the object is taken over as the Target Name. If necessary, change the Target Name. 8. Select a Target Folder . 9. Choose Target Work Area . 10. If you want the dependent objects copied as well, select the relevant indicator. 11. Choose OK to start the copy operation.
Result
The copy of the object (including any dependent objects) is created in the target folder or work area.
Move Objects
...
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4. The name of the object is taken over as the Target Name. If necessary, change the Target Name. 5. Select a Target Folder . 6. Choose Target Work Area . 7. If you want the dependent objects copied as well, select the relevant indicator. 8. Choose OK to start the copy operation.
Result
The object (including any dependent objects) is moved to the target folder or work area. It is deleted in the source location.
Deleting Objects
Use
You can delete local objects. If the object you want to delete is currently being edited, the system automatically releases any existing reservation in the master repository [Page 3]. If the object you want to delete has not yet been checked into the master repository, the system issues a warning to this effect. Data will be lost if you delete an object that ha s not been checked in. All deleted objects that have already been checked in are available in the master repository and can be copied again to the local repository [Page 3]. You can also delete an object using the keyboard deletion function.
Prerequisites
The Repository Explorer must be open. If the object to be deleted is open in the editor, you must close it before deletion.
Procedure
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1. Select the object or directory you want to delete in the work are a and choose Delete Selected Objects. The Confirm Deletion dialog box appears. 2. There are two options to proceed: If the object is already checked in, confirm the deletion with Yes. If the object has not yet been checked in, a message is output. Choose Changes to see which changes, for example to referenced objects, the deletion would cause, and then choose Yes to continue the deletion process.
3. If you have selected multiple objects for deletion and do not want to confirm them individually, choose Delete all.
Result
The selected object has been deleted in the local repository.
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Checking Data Consistency

Use
You can run a consistency check for locally editable objects. When you do so, a check is performed similar to the one performed on check-in to the master repository that checks the data consistency of objects, cross-references to various objects and their dependencies. This helps you ensure whether objects can be released or checked in.
Procedure
4. Select the object you want to check. 5. Choose Check Data Consistency . A dialog box display a list of the objects to be checked. 6. You have two options now. In the standard system, both indicators are set: Dependent objects are included in the check. A cross-reference check is performed.
7. Choose Continue to start the check. A progress display indicates the status of the check.
Result
The content of the selected objects has been checked and errors are displayed in an error list.
Refresh View
Use
You can refresh the view of the local work area you are currently working in. This regenerates all of the internal data structures.
Procedure
Choose Refresh.
Result
The view of the local work area is updated.
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Administration of the Master Repository

Use
The master repository is the central storage area for learning nets [Page 3], learning objects [Page 3] and media objects. All authors have access to it. The master repository view displays the following objects: Checked-in objects Released objects Published objects Locked objects (currently being edited)
As in the local repository, you can set a filter for the data in the master repository. The following views are available: You can display All Objects. You can display All Objects (including dependencies) . You can display the version hierarchy of the objects. All versions of an object are ordered in a hierarchy according to their hierarchy version derivation. You can display only the leading versions, that is, only the most recent versions of an object.
Prerequisites
If you want to make locally created objects accessible to other authors or have access to the objects of other authors, you must work online or connect to the master repository. To do this, choose Connect in the master repository. In the dialog box that appears, enter the required system and user data for logon to R/3.
Features
The master repository contains the following functions: Release objects (learning nets, learning objects, and media objects) Publish released learning nets as course content Start a preview of objects in the Content Player [Page 3] Search for objects (full-text search is only available if a central search engine has been set up and configured) Refresh view
Releasing Objects
Use
You can release objects for reuse. When you do so, the system carries out a consistency check on the objects. Only objects that are consistent can be released. Released objects are then accessible to other authors.
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A learning net [Page 3] can be published at the same time as it is released. Released objects are flagged accordingly with icons.
Prerequisites
To be able to release an object, you must be working online or have set up a connection to the master repository [Page 3]. To do this, choose Connect in the master repository.
Procedure
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1. In the master repository, select one or more objects for release. 2. Choose Release. The dialog box Release Wizard appears. 3. Choose Continue. The system checks the source files of the objects to be released.
If consistency errors are detected, these are displayed. For more information, refer to Check-In Errors [Page 3] As a rule, you cannot/may not proceed with the release if errors are found. An exception to this rule is a cross-reference error detected in a media object. 4. In the dialog box that appears, check the list of objects to be released. 5. Choose Start.
Result
The objects have been released for reuse.
Publishing a Learning Net

Use
You can publish released learning nets. These are then sent to the training administrator as possible course types. Learners starting a course for the first time automatically receive the most recent version of the published course. Courses that are already in progress are not affected by the new version. Published learning nets can be published again, as might be necessary for instance if the publication data needs to be changed.
Prerequisites
The learning net you want to publish must be already released.
Procedure
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1. Select the learning net you want to publish in the master repository. 2. Choose Publish.
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The system calculates the total learning time of the learning net and checks its offline capability. 3. The Learning Net Publishing dialog box appears. a) Enter data as required for the learning net publication. b) If no offline course needs to be generated, deselect the relevant indicato r. 4. Choose OK.
Result
The learning net has been published for the training administrator.
Displaying an Object Preview

Use
You can display a preview of objects that are in the master repository [Page 3] using the preview function in the Content Player [Page 3]. You do not have to copy them first to the local repository [Page 3].
Prerequisites
The object you want to preview must be checked in.
Procedure
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1. In the master repository, select the object you want to preview. 2. Choose Preview to start the viewing in the Content Player.
Result
A browser widow opens displaying the selected object.
Searching for Objects

Use
You have the option of starting various search functions in the master repository [Page 3]. The following options are available: Full-text search
In the master repository you can search for individual objects using keywords. You can relate the keywords by means of Boolean Operators (AND and OR). You can also restrict the search to learning objectives, released objects or individual object types. A list of all versions that match the search criteria is displayed. The versions are sorted in descending order from 100 to 0 depending on the valuation Where-used list
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You can list all objects that reference this object. You can also use the where -used list for learning nets, learning objects, and media objects. The result is shown in a hierarchy display. Initially you only see the root nodes. You can expand these nodes to display the objects that are referenced directly. If there are different versions for a dependency, these are assigned a version group. Searching for learning objectives You can search for learning nets, objects, tests, and test items that use a specified learning objective.
Prerequisites
A central search engine must be already set up and access to it configured. The objects you are searching for should have been in the master repository for at least half an hour, so that the search engine has had sufficient time to index them.
Full-text search
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1. Choose Find Objects to start the search dialog in the main repository. 2. Create a search request using keywords and specify the search area and object type(s) you want found. Choose Start. 3. You can display individual search results in the browser preview and/or select search results to be transferred to the master repository when the search dialog closes.
Result
A list of objects that match the search criteria is displayed. Several fitting versions of an object are assigned to a group and displayed individually once the groups are expanded.
Where-used list
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1. Choose Find Objects to start the search dialog in the main repository. 2. Choose Where-used list. 3. In the area on the left, select the object that you want to display a where -used list for. 4. You can limit the search to learning nets, learning objects, or media objects. 5. Choose Find to start the process for the where-used list. 6. You can display individual search results in the browser preview and/or select search results to be transferred to the master repository when the search dialog closes.
Result
Objects that reference the selected objects are listed in a hierarchy display. All dependencies are displayed in reverse order under the expanded root nodes.
Searching for learning objectives

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1. Choose Find Objects to start the search dialog in the main repository. 2. Choose Learning Objectives Search . 3. Select a learning object that you want to search for. 4. You can limit the search to learning nets, learning objects, tests, or test items. 5. You can display individual search results in the browser preview and/or select search results to be transferred to the master repository when the search dialog closes.
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Result
A list including all objects that contain the selected learning objective is displayed.
Refresh View
Use
You can refresh the view of the master repository. This regenerates all of the internal data structures. Objects newly checked into the master repository by other authors are also displayed.
Procedure
Choose Refresh.
Result
The view of the master repository is updated.
Versioning
Use
Every change made to an object that has been checked into the master repository results in a new version of the object. Once an object version has been checked in, it cannot be changed. The versioning concept ensures that a learner who interrupts a course is always provided with the same version of the course on reentry, even if a new version of the course has appeared in the meantime. Versioning is also important in the context of reusability. You can decide what version of an object should be referenced in a given context (learning net) and you can be sure that the version referenced cannot be changed by the author.
Effects in the Local Repository

A learning net that was checked into the master repository is write -protected in the local repository. Note for users of the SAP Learning Solution LSO100: The directory used up to now for the version (e.g. /v1) is now obsolete. The content files are stored directly in the corresponding object directory. The version of an object is no longer reflected in its directory, only in its metadata. There may be only one version of an object or learning net in the local repository or in a course. To be able to display different versions of an object in the local repository, you can work in different work areas. See also: Local work areas
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A new version of an object is generated when you edit an object in the local repository that was already checked into the master repository. You can edit objects offline too. When you edit an object, higher-level (referencing) objects are automatically edited too if they are in the local work area.
Effects in the Master Repository

When you check an object into the master repository, a version number (v1, v2, v3 etc.) is assigned. This version number is displayed in the master repository in parenthesis behind the object checked in. Note for users of the SAP Learning Solution LSO100: The process of checking objects out of the master repository is obsolete with the SAP Learning Solution LSO200 because it is possible to directly edit an object locally that has been checked in, thereby creating a new version of the object.
Example
Display in the Repository Explorer after an object has been checked in: Local Repository MS Outlook (v-) Calendar (v-) Master Repository MS Outlook (v1) Calendar (v1)
Check In
Display after the object has been updated and checked in again: Local Repository MS Outlook (v-) Calendar (v-) Master Repository MS Outlook (v2) Calendar (v2)
Frozen Objects
This section is only relevant if you already use version LSO100 of the SAP Learning Solution and have already created content in it.
Objects that were created in the Authoring Environment of the SAP Learning Solution version LSO100 are frozen as of LSO200. They are isolated from objects created with version LSO200. The effects of this are as follows: Frozen objects are automatically flagged with a special icon. You cannot check in the objects. You cannot generate new versions of these objects. You cannot create references between these objects. You cannot have these objects translated.
Icon Legend for Frozen Objects Icon Meaning
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Frozen learning net Frozen learning object Frozen media object
Work Area Frozen Objects Frozen objects are isolated in a special work area ( Frozen Objects) that is specially reserved for frozen objects. You cannot generate new objects or new versions of objects in this area. The system automatically creates the work area in the following cases: If there is a local repository with content created using LSO100 when the SAP Learning Solution LSO 200 is installed. In this case, these objects are moved automatically to the special work area. If you copy frozen objects from the master repository. The objects are created in the frozen object work area if one exists, or the work area is created at this point.
If you want to reuse frozen objects, you must copy them from the frozen objects work area to another work area in the local repository (LSO100 migration). These objects can then be edited in the new work area.
Frozen Object Editing
This section is only relevant if you already use version LSO100 of the SAP Learning Solution and have already created content in it.
Use
Frozen objects are stored in a special work area. They cannot be edited or referenced. If you want to reuse frozen objects, you must convert them to new, editable objects. To do so, you must transfer frozen objects to a new work area, where you can edit them.
Activities
There are two ways to convert frozen objects into new ones: Copying You can copy a frozen object from the frozen objects work area to a new work area. When you do so, you can decide whether or not you want to copy its dependent objects as well. Packing You can pack a frozen object in the Authoring Environment and unpack it in another work area.
We recommend using the second option if you want to copy reusable objects that are used in the various learning nets as well.
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Version Conflict
Version conflict arises when an action in the repository leads to a situation where two different versions of the same object would exist in the same context (that is, in a course or in a local work area. The following actions could lead to version conflict in the repository: When objects are copied When objects are checked in
Version conflict when objects are copied

When an object is copied from the master repository to the local repository, a version conflict can arise. This can be for the following reasons: At the time of copying, the object already exists in another v ersion in the current local work area. The object to be copied is already referenced in the current work area in another version by an object.
The versioning concept, however, only allows one version of an object to be present in a course or work area. In such a case, an additional dialog is automatically started where you must decide which version to keep. See also: Resolution of Version Conflicts
Version conflict when objects are checked in

When an object is checked into the master repository from the local repository, a version conflict can arise. When an object is checked in, all dependent (referenced) objects must be checked in as well. All dependent objects that are not in the local repository are automatically copied to the local repository to check them for version conflict. This copying process can itself lead to a version conflict as described above. In such a case too, an additional dialog is automatically started where you must decide which version to keep.
Resolution of Version Conflicts

Use
In certain circumstances, it is only possible to resolve version conflicts temporarily. The ultimate and actual conflict resolution must be triggered by the author concerned.
Example 1: Reusing an External Object

The authors A, B and C create objects in different versions: Author A Author B Author C
MS Outlook (v1) Calendar (v1) and Calendar (v2) Tasks (v1) with a reference to Calendar (v2) Tasks (v1)
-> Calendar (v2)
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Author A now wants to integrate the objects calendar (v1) and Tasks (v1) in his or her objects:
MS Outlook (v1)
-> Calendar (v1) -> Tasks (v1)
Activities
Author Author A downloads calendar (v1) from the master repository to the local repository and creates a reference in MS Outlook (v1) to Calendar (v1). Author A then wants to download Tasks (v1) from the master repository to the local repository. The system detects a version conflict in the master repository because Tasks (v1) references Calendar (v2), but Calendar (v1) already exists in the local repository. The system offers an additional dialog to resolve the version conflict. System
The author resolves the version conflict by deciding to use the object Calendar (v1).
The system stores the version conflict in the metadata of MS Outlook (v1). The metadata states that if MS Outlook (v1) directly/indirectly references the object Calendar, version (v1) should be used.
The author can reuse the object Calendar (v1) without editing it (without generating a new version of it), although it would cause a version conflict.
When the version conflict has been resolved for the object Calendar (v1), the system copies the object Tasks (v1) to the local repository and records in the repository metadata for the object that Tasks (v1) should reference the object Calendar (v1) (in contrast to its status in the master repository). This is referred to as a temporary adjustment of the object Tasks (v1), because the object itself is not changed. Temporary adjustment of an object is indicated in the Repository Explorer by a yellow exclamation mark.
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The author now creates a reference in MS Outlook (v1) to the object Tasks (v1).
The temporary adjustment of Tasks (v1) is recorded in the metadata of MS Outlook (v1). The temporary adjustment is deleted. The icon disappears.
Example 1: Refreshing an External Object

The authors A, B and C create the following objects in different versions: Author A Author B
MS Outlook (v1) Calendar (v1) and Tasks (v1), where Calendar (v1)references the object Tasks (v1) and Tasks (v1) references the object MS Outlook (v1): Calendar (v1) -> Tasks (v1) -> MS Outlook (v1) MS Outlook (v2)
Author A
All objects are checked into the master repository.
Activities
Author Author B wants to refresh his or her course so that the object MS Outlook (v2) is used. Author B copies MS Outlook (v2) to the local repository. The system detects a version conflict because MS Outlook (v1) is used in the local repository. The system offers an additional dialog to resolve the version conflict. The author resolves the version conflict by deciding to use the object MS Outlook (v2). System
Since the objects Calendar (v1) and Tasks (v1) are not locally editable, the system makes a temporary adjustment for Tasks (v1). This temporary adjustment states that the object Tasks (v1) should reference the object MS Outlook (v2). In the local repository, the system replaces MS Outlook (v1) with MS Outlook (v2). In the Repository Explorer, the yellow exclamation icon appears indicating temporary adjustment. The author clicks the icon to resolve the version conflict.
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An additional dialog is offered in which the author can edit the object Calendar (v1) in order to generate Calendar (v2). The author edits the object Calendar (v1).
The temporary adjustment of Tasks (v1) is transferred and deleted. The icon disappears.
The Repository Explorer as an Administration Tool

Use
The Repository Explorer [External] contains specific administration functions for the training administrator in addition to the general functions it provides. For more information about data transfer and administration of the local and maste r repositories, see: Data Transfer Between Local and Master Repository [Page 3] Administration of the local repository [Page 3] Administration of the master repository [Page 3]
Prerequisites
The Repository Explorer must be started in administration mode.
Features
The following administration functions are available: Translate Objects Create Folders Delete Objects Fix Objects Perform Functional Test Perform Consistency Checks Copy the Master Repository
Translating Objects
Use
You can start a translation process for released objects. The translation c ontrol tools in the Repository Explorer enable the system to store translation relationships and evaluate these in the Learning Portal so that, as far as possible, learners are offered courses in their preferred languages.
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The system also recognizes that translations already exist, thus preventing duplicate translations. During the translation process, copies of all translation-relevant objects are stored in the master repository. The object copies must be translated in a follow -up process. In addition, a translation request is generated (local file) that contains information relevant for the translator. The actual translation process involves the translator copying the copied objects to a local repository, where they are translated and checked back in again . On check-in, a new object version is created automatically for each object.
Prerequisites
The Repository Explorer has been started in administration mode. The object to be translated must be released.
Procedure
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1. In the master repository, select the object you want translated. 2. Choose Translate. The Translation Wizard dialog box appears. 3. Select the target language and choose Continue. The objects relevant for translation are determined. 4. A dialog box displays a list of the objects relevant for translation . Where relevant, specify the destination area (storage folder) for the objects that will be created. Change the destination name. 5. Choose Continue. A dialog box displays a list of the selected objects relevant for translation. Select a file to which the translation request will be written. This must be a new file. 6. Choose Start.
Result
Copies have been created in the master repository of the objects you selected as relevant for translation. A translation request has been saved in the local file system.
Creating Folders
Use
You can create storage folder to structure the master repository.
Prerequisites
The Repository Explorer has been started in administration mode.
Procedure
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1. In the master repository, select the storage folder in which you want to create a subfolder. To create a folder directly below the root, deselect all others. 2. Choose Create Folder.
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Result
You have created a storage folder in the master repository.
Deleting Objects
Use
You can delete empty storage folders, object reservations, and invalid objects in the master repository.
Prerequisites
Procedure
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1. Select the object you want to delete in the master repository. 2. Choose Delete.
Result
The selected object has been deleted in the master repository.
Fixing Objects
Use
R/3 database inconsistencies can occur in the master repository as a result of check-in [Page 3] or release operations. You can repair the resulting unclear check-in status or release status using the Fix function.
Prerequisites
Procedure
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1. Select the object with unclear status in the master repository. 2. Choose Fix to repair the object.
Result
The status of the object has been clarified.
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Function Test
Use
This includes a function test for the master repository and a performance test: The function test checks whether the master repository supports and correctly implements the WebDAV protocol commands that are required in the SAP Learning Solution. The performance test lets you measure the read and write speed of the master repository and thus to detect possible bottlenecks in the master repository.
The results of the function and performance tests are displayed in the cons ole.
Consistency Check
Use
The consistency check of the repository involves three checks, which you can select individually: You can check whether all objects that were checked into the master repository a lso exist in the Publisher Database. You can check whether all objects that were registered in the Publisher Database are also available in the master repository. You can check whether objects that were published in the Publisher Database are also available in the master repository.
Activities
After each check, the system displays a list of objects that have errors, where relevant.
Copying the Master Repository

Use
This function enables you to copy the entire master repository to another server. You might do this if you want to transfer content between system landscapes, for example, from the development environment to the test environment or to the productive environment.
Please note that this process may take a considerable time owing to the large volume of data involved. Ensure that the copy of the master repository is linked with a valid Publisher Database.
Procedure
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1. Choose Tools Copy Master Repository .
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Result
The master repository has been copied to another server. The system displays the number of objects copied and the number of objects edited.
Configuration
Use
In the configuration for the master repository, you make the following settings: You can specify and if necessary change the root folder of the local repository. The following settings are displayed but they cannot be changed at this point: The server URL for the master repository You make this setting in Customizing for the SAP Learning Solution in the R/3 System under Authoring Environment Specify CMS Address . If you have configured a TREX search engine, the following data is displ ayed:
R R R
The server URL of the http server where the search engine is located The name of the search index used when searching for course content The URL prefix for communication between the Content Management System and the master repository You make these settings in Customizing for the SAP Learning Solution in the section Authoring Environment .
Offline Player
Purpose
In the SAP Learning Solution , the Offline Player is the tool used to play WBT courses locally that you have downloaded onto your computer. The Offline Player guides you through the course using your personal learning strategy. For this purpose, the Offline Player dynamically adapts the number and sequence of topics contained in the WBT to suit your individual learning pattern. If you interrupt and then resume a course, the Content Player opens the course at the point of interruption. If you have already completed a course, a page is displayed with an appropriate message.
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Features
The course list displays the courses you have downloaded. Icons indicate the status of each course. You can download a course again that was not completely downloaded by choosing Synchronize When working locally the learning progress is synchronized with your progress in th e Learning Portal. You can delete a course on your local hard drive. The course in question must be closed beforehand. A course that you have downloaded and worked on locally, and then worked on again online, is locked for working offline. You can access the functions Start, Synchronize and Delete in the toolbar. The status of the Offline Player (running / stopped) is displayed in the status line. The console of the Offline Player is where the system displays all information and error messages, which you can copy when problems arise and forward in a message to the administrator. From the console, you can
R R R
Start and exit the Offline Player Delete the content of the console Start the browser
Course List
Use
The course list displays courses that have been downloaded. Icons in the toolbar indicate the status of each course.
Features
The meaning of the different icons is: Download status The course was completely downloaded and can be played. The course was not downloaded completely. To be able to play the course, you must synchronize it.
Status in the Portal The course is open for offline editing and can be played. The course is being edited online and cannot be played. To play the course offline, you must flag it for offline editing again in the Learning Portal.
Local status The course is open locally. It can be played but not deleted.
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The course is closed locally. It can be deleted but not played.
Configuration
Use
This function lets you make system settings under the following headings: Start Content Player Automatically This indicator is set by default. In this case, the Content Player is automatically started when the Offline Player is started. Use System Associations at Browser Startup Set this indicator if you do not want to specify a browser yourself. Use Browser Set this indicator if you want to specify a browser yourself. Http proxy setting Here you can specify the server URL for the proxy server u sed to access the master repository if this is before the firewall.
Navigation in the Offline Player

Use
There are a number of functions available for displaying a course in the Offline Player. You do not have to edit the course in a linear fashion, you can jump from topic to topic. The subject of the course is displayed in the upper part of the Offline Player screen. The content is displayed in the center. The navigation bar is located in the lower screen area. You use the navigation bar to activate all of the navigation functions for a course. You call these functions simply by clicking them.
Activities
Back To go back to the previous topic, choose Back.
Navigation steps from other sessions are also taken into account at this point. Continue To move on to the next topic, choose Continue. If you navigate in a course using Continue, this happens in a time axis according to the selected learning strategy. If you then navigate using Back, the Content Player goes back in this history. If you then navigate again with Continue, the Content Player
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returns to the learning content that was most recently edited. Only after this point does Continue mean that the Content Player progresses further in accordance with the selected strategy. Table of contents To display an overview of the content of a course, choose Table of contents. In the dialog box Table of Contents the topics are presented in the sequence in which the author created them. This view is independent of the learning strategy selected. In the table of contents, entries that you can click to access a topic are highlighted in color. Access to entries depends on the completion status and the learning strategy selected. Path If you want to know where exactly you are in a course, choose Path. The dialog box Learning Path appears with an overview of the course. The overview depends on the learning strategy selected in the learning portal. In the upper part, you see the content of the topic currently open. Note that this part may also be empty. The elements may have the following indicators appended:
The element is currently in process. The element has been completed or displayed. Completion of this element is not yet recommended. This element is a test element.
In the lower part of the screen, topics are displayed that are in the environment of the current path (elements displayed on a dark background). As above, elements you have already displayed or completed and the learning object currently in process are flagged accordingly (green checkmark or open tab box).
A Microsoft Office course entitled Writing E-Mails contains the topics Creating Attachments and Setting Importance Indicators . You are in a learning object. The instructional element currently displayed is Why Set Importance Indicators? In the dialog box Learning Path, the following path is displayed:
Why Set Importance Indicators? Writing E-Mails
Important facts about importance indicators + Creating Attachments + Setting Importance Indicators
An example
...
To print out the content of a course, choose Print. Only the page currently displayed is printed. The navigation and the path are not printed. Log off To exit the course, choose Log off. The system saves the point at which the course was interrupted to ensure that the learner can resume at the same point.
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Test Author
Implementation
The Test Author of the SAP Learning Solution is a tool you use to create tests [Page 3] and online tests. Authors, instructional designers, trainers and course owners can design and create tests with the help of the functions in the test environment. The differentiated results storage option allows tracking of learning progress. Evaluations and appraisals enable authors to modify tests to suit the needs of the test participants and to measure course success.
Integration
The Test Author is an integrated component of the SAP Learning Solution Authoring Environment. You create the structure of a learning net in the Authoring Environment . The Test Author is the default editor of the SAP Learning Solution for creating Web-based test content. Test results are stored as values and entered in the Learner Account.
Features
When you create tests in the Test Author, you have the following options: You can design tests to suit different learning situations. Online tests [Page 3] are standalone tests, they are not integrated in a learning net and can be taken independent of a course. Exercises and final tests can be distributed at different places throughout a course. Placement tests and final tests are placed before and after courses. There are several item types [Page 3] available that differ on the basis of their didactical format: for example, multiple choice items, multiple response items, or fill-in items. There are format templates available to help create test questions and answers quickly and efficiently. A variety of scoring models enable differentiated calculation of overall test results. You can define completion conditions for tests, such as the allowed completion time. You can provide feedback on participants results at various structure levels (e.g. per section [Page 3], item group [Page 3], item [Page 3]).
Test Structure: Structure Elements and Attributes

You use the Test Author to create and edit the content of test elements and online tests created in the Authoring Environment . You structure the content using sections [Page 3], item groups [Page 3] and items [Page 3]. You specify the characteristics of these objects in the corresponding attributes: Test attributes
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Test
Definition
A test is a collection of test items , items [Page 3] for short, used to determine and evaluate a learners knowledge and skills.
Use
Tests in learning objects or nets can be used in a variety of learning situations as: Placement tests Final tests Exercises Self-assessment tests
You specify the test type when you create the learning net structure in the Authoring Environment. Tests that are created as test elements at the level of learning objects or learning nets, thus forming part of the learning content, serve to monitor achievement of the learning objectives and to check the learners knowledge. The test results are not stored and no learning objectives are entered in the Learner Account. An online test is created as a learning net and can be taken independent of a course. The results of these test are stored.
Structure
A test consists of the following elements: Section [Page 3] Item group [Page 3] Item [Page 3]
Sections are used to structure a test according to learning objective criteria. Item groups are used to group test items thematically. Tests, sections, item groups, and items have attributes that specify their characteristics. In addition, test attributes also specify how the test is to be taken. See also: Test element [Page 3] Online Test [Page 3]
Test Attributes
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Test attributes specify the characteristics of a test. The table contains details of the possible values and their implications for the test.
Attribute Title Introduction
Meaning The title is the name of the test that you enter when you create it. The title may be a maximum of 255 characters in length. If you use an introduction for a test, this attribute contains the path for the introduction file. An introduction is content that can be displayed in an Internet Browser which is available as a reusable media object in the SAP Learning Solution. The introduction should contain notes on how to complete the test and operate the Test Player. See also: Introduction [External]
Selected structure
This attribute specifies which structural elements ( section, item group and item) of the configured test structure should be displayed by the Test Player. If the attribute value is none, the test is displayed as a series of unstructured test items .
Even if you do not adopt the structural elements of the configured test structure as structure criteria, a test still retains all of the structure attributes of the test from which it derives. For example, if you create a test containing sections that are not defined as structure criteria, the test will not be structured in sections in the player, although it has characteristics that were defined for sections (such as, evaluation and feedback at the level of sections). Results storage This attribute specifies whether the results of individual tests are stored.
This attribute is not available for tests in learning nets or learning objects because there is no possibility to store results at that point. Maximum test time (minutes) This attribute specifies the maximum time available for completing a test. The maximum test time is displayed as remaining time in the player. The start of the test (after the introduction) is the start of the maximum test time. When the test time runs out, the test is automatically ended and no further entries are allowed. Dynamic item selection (DIS) This attribute specifies whether dynamic item selection should be performed. With DIS, test items are put together on-the-fly in the player at the time when the test is taken.
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Random sequence
This attribute specifies whether the structural elements ( section, item group, item, and answer) are sequenced randomly when the test is taken. If you select No random sequence , the structural elements are presented in the sequence in which they were created in the editor.
Scoring model
This attribute specifies the model used to calculate the test results. If you select answer-based, every right answer is allocated one point. The maximum score that can be achieved is equal to the number of items in the test. The individual items can be weighted variably. If you select question-based, the weighting you specified for the alternative answers in the item editor is used. The scoring model and its impact for the calculation is documented in the item format templates.
We recommend that you use the answer-based model where possible. Scoring process Beta items that are not yet released can be validated by including them in a released test that is in use. This attribute specifies whether the individual test values should be calculated using all items in the test, only beta items, or only released items. Cutoff value in % The cutoff value is the percentage result that must be reached to pass a test. Only whole numbers are allowed. If you do not require this criterion, enter 0 (zero). Feedback Level You can provide participants with feedback of the test result in the form of comments or explanations. This attribute specifies at what level of the test structure feedback should be given. Feedback can be given per test, section, item group, item or answer. Feedback for items is recorded as an attribute in the item editor. If you want to give participants a chance to compare their answers with the right answers, you must select the attribute Answer. You create feedback at test level using the attributes Feedback for Test Passed, Feedback for Test Failed and Web Link (URL) in Feedback. Feedback details are displayed to the participant on completion of the test in HTML. Web Link (URL) for Feedback The learner can use a Web Link to go from test feedback directly to a Web site, for example, to access more information on an area in which he or she has knowledge gaps. The call only works if you have specified the schema in the attribute Web Link (URL) in Feedback . A schema is for example http://, ftp://. The entry www.sap.com without a schema would trigger an error.
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Use feedback per test value range
A test value range contains a value range from the maximum achievable value to the minimum achievable value. You can store a specific text for each of the test value ranges. This attribute specifies whether specific feedback texts should be used per test value range. If you select this option, the feedback text is displayed along with the test value achieved by the participant.
Test value table
This attribute contains the feedback texts for the test value ranges. If you select the option Use Feedback per Test Value Range, you can define the individual value ranges and the corresponding feedback text in this table. To do so:
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1. Open the test value table. 2. Enter the lower limit ( Min) of the first range. Confirm by pressing Enter. 3. Enter the lower limit of the next range and repeat this step fo r each of the ranges you require. 4. Choose Open, to open the feedback editor. 5. Enter your feedback text for the test value range. 6. Choose OK to transfer your entries. Feedback for test passed This attribute contains the feedback text that should be used when a participant successfully completes the test. You can store a text of your choice as feedback, consisting of a maximum of 4095 characters. Feedback for test failed This attribute contains the feedback text that should be used if a participant does not successfully complete the test. You can store a text of your choice as feedback, consisting of a maximum of 4095 characters. Copyright statement This attribute contains specific copyright information that should always be displayed in the player while the test is being completed. The text may be a maximum of 70 characters in length.
Introduction to a Test
Use
The introduction is displayed in the Test Player at the start of a test. It should contain general information on how to complete the test.
Prerequisite
The introduction file is stored as a reusable media object in the repository of the Authoring Environment.
Activities
You select the test.
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The system integrates the introduction in the test. This introduction file is displayed in the Player at the start of the test.
See also: Importing Resources to a Learning Net / Learning Object [Page 3]
Section
Definition
A section is a structuring element in a test. Sections are located one level below the test node in the test structure.
Use
Sections can be used as a level for test results calculation. Feedback texts can be defined at the level of sections.
Structure
Sections contain item groups [Page 3], which in turn contain individual test items.
Section Attributes
The attributes of sections specify the characteristics and attributes of a section [Page 3] within a test. Most of the section attributes are identical to the test attributes. The table contains details of the possible values and their implications for the test.
Attribute Title Cutoff Value in %
Meaning The title is the name of the section you enter when you create it. The title may be a maximum of 255 characters in length. The cutoff value is the percentage result that must be reached to pass a section. Only whole numbers are allowed. If you do not require this criterion, enter 0 (zero).
Pass Required
A section is considered passed if the test value of the section is greater than or equal to the cutoff value. This attribute specifies whether passing the test depends upon passing a given section. The whole test is considered Failed if the individual overall test value is less than the cutoff value for the whole test, or if the section is failed.
The following attributes only apply if the value Section was specified in the test attribute Feedback Level.
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Web Link (URL) in Feedback
The learner can use a Web Link to go from section feedback directly to a Web site, for example, to access more information on an area in which he or she has knowledge gaps. The call only works if you have specified the schema in the attribute Web Link (URL) in Feedback . A schema is for example http://, ftp://. The entry www .sap.com without a schema would trigger an error.
Use Feedback per Section Value Range
A section value range contains a value range from the maximum achievable value to the minimum achievable value. You can store a specific feedback text for each of the section value ranges. This attribute specifies whether specific feedback texts should be used per section value range. If you select this option, the feedback text is displayed along with the section value achieved by the participant.
Section Value Table
This attribute contains the feedback texts for the section value ranges. If you select the option Use Feedback per Section Value Range, you can define the individual value ranges and the corresponding feedback text in this table.
Feedback for Section Passed
This attribute contains the feedback text that should be used when a participant successfully completes the section. You can store a text of your choice as feedback, consisting of a maximum of 4095 characters.
Feedback for Section Failed
This attribute contains the feedback text that should be used if a participant does not successfully complete the section. You can store a text of your choice as feedback, consisting of a maximum of 4095 characters.
Item Group
Definition
Like a section [Page 3], an item group is a structure element in a test. Item groups are located one level below sections in the test structure. An item group is a collection of test items classified thematically.
Use
Item groups can be used as a level for test results calculation. Feedback texts can be defined at the level of item groups. Learning objectives can be assigned to item groups to steer navigation in the Content Player.
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Item Group Attributes

The attributes of item groups specify the characteristics and attributes of the item groups within a section. Most of the item group attributes are identical to the test attributes. The table contains details of the possible values and their implications for the test.
Attribute Title
Meaning The title is the name of the item group that you enter when you create the item group. The title may be a maximum of 255 characters in length. This attribute contains the name of a learning objective assigned to the item group. The Test Player awards the learning objective to the test participant on passing the item group .
Learning Objective Label
This attribute is not available for tests in learning nets or learning objects because there is no possibility to assign learning objectives at that point. Cutoff Value in % The cutoff value is the percentage result that must be reached to pass an item group. Only whole numbers are allowed. If you do not require this value, enter 0 (zero). Item Number for Dynamic Item Selection This attribute specifies the number of test items that are to be dynamically selected out of an item group when the test is completed in the player.
The following attributes only apply if the value Item Group was specified in the attribute Feedback Level. Web Link (URL) in Feedback The learner can use a Web Link to go from item group feedback directly to a Web site, for example, in order to access more information on an area in which he or she has knowledge gaps. The call only works if you have specified the schema in the attribute Web Link (URL) in Feedback. A schema is for example http://, ftp://. The entry www.sap.com without a schema would trigger an error. Use Feedback per Item Group Value Range An item group value range contains a value range from the maximum achievable value to the minimum achievable value. You can store a specific feedback text for each of the item group value ranges. This attribute specifies whether specific feedback texts should be used per item group value range. If you select this option, the feedback text is displayed along with the item group value achieved by the participant. Item Group Value Table This attribute contains the feedback texts for the item group value ranges. If you select the option Use Feedback per Item Group Value Range, you can define the individual value ranges and the corresponding feedback text in this table. Feedback for Item Group Passed This attribute contains the feedback text that should be used when a participant successfully completes the item group. You can store a text of your choice as feedback, consisting of a maximum of 4095 characters.
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Feedback for Item Group Failed
This attribute contains the feedback text that should be used if a participant does not successfully complete the item group. You can store a text of your choice as feedback, consisting of a maximum of 4095 characters.
Item
Definition
A test item, item for short, contains a question querying and evaluating a participants knowledge, skills, and abilities, possibly also including instructions of how to answer the item and possible solutions. The test author supports different item types.
Use
Items can be weighted differently. This allows you to differentiate essential knowledge that must exist and weight it differently from knowledge that is of lesser importance.
Structure
A test item comprises the following components: Title The title gives an indication of the content of the test item. Question Contains the actual question to be answered. Depending on the item type, this can also be a statement or an instruction. Note Contains hints and instructions on answering the item. Solutions Depending on the item type, the solution can consist of two or more possible answers or of scale texts used to rate a statement .
See also: Item Types [Page 3]
Item Types
Definition
There are different types of items [Page 3] that vary depending on the type of question they ask, how it is answered, and how it is edited.
Use
The Test Author supports three types of multiple choice items and two further item types. With these two item types, the participant must rate answers or complete answers him or herself. A multiple choice item is usually in the form of a question. The test candidate must select the right answer(s) from a list of two or more possible answers.
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Structure
The Test Author supports the following item types:
Multiple Choice Items

MC item: Multiple Choice Item This item has one right answer and several wrong answers (distracters). The participant must select the right answer. This item type is suitable for True/False items. The participant must specify which of two answers is right. MR item: Multiple Response Item This is an extension of the MC item. The participant must select two or more right answers from the alternatives offered. MR explicit: Multiple Response Explicit Item This is an extension of the MR item. The participant must explicitly state whether each of the alternative answers offered is right or wrong. This type of item allows you to detect gaps in the participants knowledge.
Other Item Types

Fill-in item (gap or cloze test item) With this item, the participant is required to enter the answer in a text field, without the aid of possible answers. The entry is checked against the right answer and a number of synonyms. If a match is found, the answer is marked right. Rating This item consists of a statement that the participant must rate by giving it a score (scale value). The possible answers are weighted in ascending or descending order. The author provides the participant with a multi-level scale of values and the corresponding texts. Rating items can be used in surveys and evaluations to collect participants opinions about courses or trainers, for instance.
Item Attributes
Item attributes specify the characteristics of a test item [Page 3]. The table contains details of the possible values and their implications. Attribute Item category Beta item Meaning This attribute contains the item type [Page 3] selected when a test item is created. This attribute flags an item as a beta item. Beta items can be used during a test phase, for example. You can specify in the test attributes whether the results achieved in beta items are included in the test results calculation. For more information, see test attributes [Page 3].
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This attribute contains a statistical value that should be considered when items are evaluated after a certain usage frequency. Enter the value in the text line for this attribute. The allowed value range is 0.00 to 1.00.
Item overall correlation
This attribute contains the empirically determined correlation between an item and the whole test. Enter the value in the text line for this attribute. The allowed value range is 1.00 to 1.00.
Media URI
Media is content that can be displayed in an Internet Browser which is available as a reusable media object in the SAP Learning Solution . If you want to integrate an image (media) in a test item, this attribute contains the path of the media file.
Feedback for Item Passed
This attribute contains the feedback text that should be used when a participant successfully completes the item. You can store a text of your choice as feedback, consisting of a maximum of 4095 characters.
Feedback for Item Failed
This attribute contains the feedback text that should be used if a participant does not successfully complete an item. You can store a text of your choice as feedback, consisting of a maximu m of 4095 characters.
Integrating Media
Use
You can integrate graphics, screenshots, videos, and other such media elements in an item . Media is content that can be displayed in the Internet Browser.
Prerequisites
The media must be stored as a reusable media object in the repository of the SAP Learning Solution.
Procedure
7. Select the item in which you want to integrate media. 8. In the attribute Media URI, choose Open to start the file selection dialog. 9. Select the media file and transfer your entries. See also: Importing Resources [Page 3]
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Test Creation Process

Implementation
You create tests in the Test Author for use in various testing and learning situations: you can create exercises and self-assessment tests to support learning purposes, placement tests to test knowledge, and final tests to check learning progress . Tests enable the learner to check learning progress and consolidate skills and knowledge. You can create content for online tests that can be taken independent of a course. You create a test from the top down.
Process Flow
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1. You create the test element or online test in the Authoring Environment. To create or edit content for the test element or the online test, use the standard editor Test Author. 2. You enter the required test attributes. 3. You create the sections you require. 4. You enter the section attributes. 5. You import the learning objectives of the learning net. You create item groups with corresponding learning objectives. 6. You combine item groups that belong together into a section. 7. If necessary, you create more item groups. Item groups let you structure items thematically. 8. You enter the item group attributes. 9. You create the items you require. See also: Creating a Test Element [Page 3] Creating an Online Test [Page 3]
Result
You have created a test that you can display for checking purposes in the Content Player.
Test Content Creation

Use
The purpose for which you use a test determines the time at which it is offered and whether its results are stored. You can create content for the following test types in the Test Author: Online test Placement and final test in a learning net Test in a learning net structure
Features
Online test
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An online test is a test that is independent of a learning net. It can be used for various purposes and taken at different times. You create online tests in the Authoring Environment of the SAP Learning Solution and create content for them in the Test Author. Placement test and final test Placement tests are taken prior to a course. They are criterion-referenced tests whose purpose is to adapt the course to the individual needs of the learner. The learning objectives achieved by completing the test are stored in the learner account in the SAP Learning Solution . A final test is taken on completion of a course. It is a criterion -referenced test used to evaluate the learners success. The learning objectives achieved by completing the test are stored in the learner account in the SAP Learning Solution. If results storage has been activated for the test, the learners results are stored in the results database for reporting purposes. Test in a learning net structure A test in a learning net structure can also be used for different test and learning purposes. These tests are distributed at different places in a learning net structure or throughout the course content. Their purpose is to help the learner monitor his or her achievement of learning objectives. They also serve as supplementary learning content. No results are stored for them and no learning objectives are assigned.
Creating an Online Test

Use
Online tests can be used for a variety of testing purposes. Unlike placement tests or final tests, which are placed directly before or after a course, an online test is standalone and can be taken independent of a course .
Prerequisites
You have created an online test in the structure editor of the Authoring Environment.
Procedure
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1. In the Authoring Environment, in the online test dialog area, choose Edit Test. The Create New Test dialog box appears. 2. The name of the online test from the authoring environment is proposed as the title of the test file. You can either change or accept this name. 3. If you want to save the online test as a reusable object, set the relevant indicator. 4. Select a folder in which to store the test file. 5. Confirm your entries with OK. The Test Author editor appears. The title of the online test is inserted beside the test icon. 6. Save your entries.
Result
You have created an online test in the Test Author. You can now edit the test attributes.
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Creating a Placement/Final Test for a Learning Net

Use
You can test the status of a learners knowledge of a given topic by means of a placement test. You can test the knowledge acquired by a learners in a co urse by means of a final test.
Prerequisites
You have already created a learning net in the structure editor of the Authoring Environment .
Procedure
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1. In the Authoring Environment, in the learning net dialog area, choose Extended. 2. Choose Edit Placement Test to create content for the placement test in the Test Author. Edit Final Test to create content for the final test in the Test Author. 3. The Create New Content dialog box appears. 4. The name of the learning net from the authoring environment is proposed as the name for the test file. You can either change or accept this name. 5. Select a folder in which to store the test file. 6. If you want to save the placement or final test as a reusable object, set the relevant indicator. 7. Confirm your entries with OK. 8. The Test Author editor appears. The title of the placement or final test is inserted beside the test icon. 9. Save your entries.
Result
You have created a placement or final test in the Test Author. You can now edit the test attributes. See also: Editing Learning Nets [Page 3]
Creating a Test in a Learning Net Structure

Use
These are the test types you can choose from when you create a test in a learning net structure: Placement test
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No results are stored for tests that are distributed throughout the learning content. The purpose of such tests is to enable the learner to monitor learning progress and to supplement the learning content. See also: Instructional Element [Page 3] Test Elements [Page 3]
Prerequisites
You have created a structure element Test in the Authoring Environment .
Procedure
10. In the Authoring Environment, in the structure element Test dialog area, choose Edit Media Object. The Create New Content dialog box appears. The default editor Test Author is offered for editing. 11. The name of the structure element Test is proposed as the name for the media object. You can either change or accept this name. 12. Test files for the instructional element Test are stored in a subdirectory. If you do not want to create a subdirectory, you must remove the indicator. 13. Confirm your entries with OK. The Create New Test dialog box appears. 14. The name of the structure element test from the authoring environment is proposed as the title of the test file. You can either change or accept this name. 15. If you want to save the test as a reusable object, set the relevant indicator. 16. Select a folder in which to store the test file. 17. Confirm your entries with OK. The Test Author editor appears. The title of the test is inserted beside the test icon. 18. Save your entries.
Result
You have created a test in the Test Author. You can now edit the test attributes. See also: Creating a Test [Page 3]
Creating a Section
Use
Sections [Page 3] are located one level below the test node in the test structure. They group item groups [Page 3]. The following functions are available for sections:
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You can provide feedback per section for the test participant regarding how the items were answered.
Prerequisites
You have created a test in the Test Author.
Procedure
19. Select the test node and choose New Section. A dialog box appears. 20. Enter the title of the section and choose Transfer. 21. Repeat these steps until you have created all the sections you require. 22. Specify the section attributes. 23. Save your entries.
Result
You have created a section whose title is displayed beside the relevant icon. You can further structure the test content into item groups and create test items.
See also: Section Attributes [Page 3]
Creating Item Groups

Use
Item groups [Page 3] are located one level below sections [Page 3] in the test structure. They group test items thematically. The following functions are available for item groups: Test results can be determined at item group level. You can provide feedback per item group for the test participant regarding how the items were answered.
Prerequisites
You have created a section in the test structure.
Procedure
24. Select the relevant section and choose New Item Group. A dialog box appears. 25. Enter the title of the item group and choose Transfer. 26. Repeat these steps until you have created all the item groups you require. 27. Specify the item attributes. 28. Save your entries.
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Result
You have created an item group whose title is displayed beside the relevant icon. You can now create items for the item group.
See also: Item Group Attributes [Page 3]
Importing Learning Objectives from the Learning Net to the Test

Use
You can synchronize a test with the learning objectives [Page 3] of the learning net in which the test is referenced. In the test structure, a learning objective is always assigned to an item group [Page 3].
This function is not available for tests in learning nets or learning objects because there is no possibility to assign learning objectives at that point.
Prerequisites
You have defined learning objectives and assigned them to learning nets.
Procedure
29. Select a section in the test structure. 30. To start the import, choose Extras Import Learning Objectives . A message is displayed that item groups have been created with learning objectives assigned.
You can only import all learning objectives together out of a learning net. 31. Group the item groups together under the relevant sections per Drag&Drop. The item groups you move are then displayed under the sections.
Result
You have created item groups with learning objectives assigned and grouped them into sections where relevant.
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Creating an Item
Use
Items [Page 3] represent the actual test content for the test participant . Test items enable you to test the skills and knowledge imparted by a course. You can select from different item types [Page 3]. The Test Author provides a special item format template for each item type.
Prerequisites
You have created an item group in the Test Author.
Procedure
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1. In your test structure, select the item group under which the item should be created. 2. Choose New Item. The Create Item dialog box appears. 3. Select the item type you require and choose Continue. The SAP Item Editor appears. The item format template belonging to the item type is opened. 4. Edit the required texts, scale values, and weighting. 5. Specify the item attributes. 6. Repeat this procedure until you have created all the items you require. 7. Save your entries.
Result
You have created items and assigned them to the corresponding item groups. You can now start the test preview. See also: Item Attributes [Page 3] Editing Item Format Templates [Page 3]
Item Format Template Editing

Use
The Test Author supports several item types [Page 3]. Item format templates are provided for entering texts for the various item types that exist. Every template contains information and tool tips to guide you through the editing process.
Features
The following table shows you what texts and values you can enter for the individual templates.
MC Item Title x
MR Item x
MR Explicit x
Fill-In Item x
Rating x
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Question Note Alternative answer Answer weighting Solutions Scale texts
x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x
x x
x x
Title You enter a descriptive text for the item content. Question You formulate the text of the actual question or statement. Note Enter an instruction for the test participant regarding how to edit the item.
In an MC item, you can specify whether the participant must select one or more answers. In a fill-in item, you can specify whether the entry is case-sensitive. Alternative answers Formulate the alternative answers. In MC items, you flag only one answer as correct. In MC items, you flag only one answer as correct. Answer weighting You can assign a number of points for each alternative answer. At least one of the answers must be assigned a score of > 0.
You assign right answers a score of 1, and wrong answers a score of 0. In this case, the test participant can achieve the maximum number of points for the item by selecting all possible answers. The participant is awarded points for all the right answers. In contrast to this, you can assign a score of 1 for both right and wrong answers. In this case, a positive score is attained if the participant selects th e right answers and does not select the wrong answers. Solution You enter possible solutions for a fill-in item, which the participant must complete. You can enter synonyms that are also accepted as right.
For example, you specify that both the text four and the digit 4 are allowed. Scale texts In ratings, you specify a value scale with individual texts for each value.
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Inserting an Existing Item into a Test

Use
Test items are the individual elements that make up a test. You can create new items or insert existing items in a test.
Prerequisites
You have created an item using the Test Author in the local repository or copied an item from the master repository of the authoring environment to the local repository.
Procedure
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1. In your test structure, select the item group under which the item should be inserted. 2. Click the right mouse button and in the context menu choose Insert Item . The Open File dialog box appears. 3. In the file selection dialog, navigate to the item file you want to insert in the test. Select the required item file and choose Choose. 4. The selected item and its attributes are inserted under the selected test node. 5. Save your entries.
Result
You have inserted the item in the chosen position in the test structure. You can now edit the item where necessary.
See also: Item Attributes [Page 3] Editing Item Format Templates [Page 3]
Editing Items
Use
You can edit an item [Page 3] available in the test or a referenced item.
Prerequisites
You have created an item using the Test Author in the local repository or copied an item from the master repository of the authoring environment to the local repository. The test author must be open.
Editing Items
6. Choose File Open Item. The Open File dialog box appears. 7. Select the required item file and choose Choose. The selected item is opened in the SAP Item Editor.
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Editing an Item Referenced in a Test

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1. Select the item to be edited in the test structure. 2. Click the right mouse button and in the context menu choose Edit Item. The selected item is opened in the SAP Item Editor. 3. Edit the required texts, values, and attributes. 4. Save your entries.
Result
You have changed or edited the texts and values for the item.
See also: Item Attributes [Page 3] Editing Item Format Templates [Page 3]
Displaying Test Preview

Use
You can display a preview of the test content in the Internet browser.
Prerequisites
You have a Microsoft Internet Browser 5.x or 6.x installed.
Procedure
...
1. To display the test content, choose Extras Test Preview. 2. The test is displayed in the Internet Explorer. If you have used an introduction, this is also displayed. 3. Choose Start Test to start the test. Choose Finish Test to end the test.
Result
You can display, check, and print out the current test. See also: Test Player [Page 3]
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Test Player
Use
You use the Test Author to generate test content compatible with SCORM 1.1. You can play the test in the Internet browser. The Test Player offers an intuitive interface for working on test items. When you start the Test Player, an introduction is displayed automatically for each test if the author created one. This introduction should contain information for test candidates on how to complete the test and how to operate the Test Player. See also: Introduction [Page 3]
Activities
...
1. In the Learning Portal, the test candidate selects the course or the test to be completed. 2. The Content Player is called and the test is started. 3. The test candidate works through the test using the Test Player. 4. After completing the test, the test candidate can review the results and feedback in the Test Player. 5. For tests with results storage, the test results are saved automatically when you leave the test. You can display the results in the learner account.
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Icons in Body Text

Example text <Example text>

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Creating and Distributing Web-Based Instructional

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Checks content into the master repository Releases content

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The Role Concept of the Authoring Environment

Learning net Delete/copy/cut segments

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Working with the Authoring Environment

Learning net overview

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Check in objects Copy objects

Release objects Publish learning nets Preview objects Find objects

Objects and Structures in the Authoring Environment

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History Scenario Facts Summary Overview

Rule Procedure Checklist Principle Strategy

Why Explanation What Explanation Definition Example

The following media types and instances are available:

Presentation Text Graphic Image Animation Audio Film/Video

Interactive Compound/Form Interactive

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Relationships Between Instructional Elements Alternative

Didactic Relationships: Belongs to Before Prerequisite of

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Data Processing Trainer Context of

Determines Software courses

Training course Means for

This relationship expresses a process-oriented determination of purpose.

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Wizards in the Authoring Environment

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Creation of the Initial Configuration Use

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Creation of Course Structures

Creation of Learning Objects

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Creation of Online Tests

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Creating an element with a new template

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Import of Resources to Learning Net/Object

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Import of Resources as Reusable Media Objects

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