AZ

R M E L L K Dr. (Yalea lui

M A D R V I L G A Ern

Andrssy

likairmihlyfalva)

A z r , . f o l y " S z o p o r n l e r e d t b b k i s p a t a k s s z e f o l y s b l s P o c s a j nl m l i k a B e r e t t y b a . 3 1 2 k m szles, l a p o s , m o c s a r a s v l g y b e n k a n y a r o g , flszigeteket, s z i g e t e k e t k p e z v e . Szraz n y r o n kiszrad, de t a v a s s z a l , h i r t e l e n o l v a d s k o r m e d r t egszen k i t l t v e h m p l y g . E g y i k - m s i k m l y e b b , tszer a l a k u l a t n l s n d a s m a r a d t , fz- s r e k e t t y e b o k r o k , fz- s nyrfk srsge. A f o l y k z p s rszt n e v e z i k r m e i l k n e k . T e r m k e n y , srn l a k o t t h a l o m v i d k B i h a r s S z i l g y m e g y b e n . A z r b a l p a r t j n , S z i l g y p r t l S z k e l y h d fel h z d d o m b o k o n szlk, gymlcssk v a n n a k , a j o b b p a r t i a l a c s o n y a b b d o m b o k o n pedig szntfldek. E z e k rmihlyfalva magassgban tmennek a geolgiikig mr a N y r s g h e z " tartoz h o m o k b u c k s vidkbe. M i v e l rmihlyfalva v o l t az rmeilk kzigazgatsi kzpontja, az i t t lev t f a l u is a z r m e l l k h e z t a r t o z o t t . E z t a n e v k is m u t a t j a : r - ( r s e m j n stb.). 1 9 0 4 - b e n (10 ves k o r o m b a n ) k e z d t e m f e l j e g y e z n i , h o g y m i l y e n m a d a r a k a t l t t a m , v a g y m i l y e n e k e t sikerlt z s k m n y o l n o m k i s F l a u b e r t p u s k m m a l . S z a l a c s o n l a k t u n k . E k k o r l t t a m o t t e l s z r s utoljra g d n y t s k a n a l a s g m e t . 1911 t a r m i h l y falvn l a k o m . A v i d k a r c u l a t a azta n a g y o n m e g v l t o z o t t . K i v g t k a 400 h o l d a s csererdt, m a j d 1 9 2 9 - b e n a 80 h o l d a s r e g t l g y e s t , a S a s o k e r d e j t " . I g a z u g y a n , h o g y a z u t b b i 15 v b e n i t t is a h o m o k o n k b . e z e r h o l d a k c e r d t telept e t t e k . S z k e l y h d a l a t t v o l t e g y g m t e l e p , de a t a n k - r o k leszvta v i z t s l a k i e l k l t z t e k . N i n c s e n e k r e g fk, a n a g y r a g a d o z - s a z o d u l a k m a d a r a k m e g r i t k u l t a k . A z u t b b i szraz v e k k i a p a s z t o t t k a v i z e k e t . M e g s z n t a d a n k a s i r l y o k s k o r m o s szerkk t e l e p e . K e r l t u g y a n j j v e v n y i s : 1 9 4 2 - b e n t n t f e l a balkni k a c a g g e r l e , 1 9 5 1 - b e n fszkelt a g y u r g y a l a g s 1954 n y a r n l t t a m a z els b a l k n i f a k o p n c s - p r t . I t t k z l m a z r m e l l k e n fszkel f a j o k n v s o r t . Fszkelsket b i z o n y t j k g y j t e m n y b e n szerepl tojsaik. E z e k e n a specieseken fell a t a v a s z i s s z i v o n u l s o k k o r termszetesen ms fajok is e l f o r d u l n a k a z r m e i l k e n , de e z e k n e k u g y a n c s a k k v e t k e z k b e n k z l t n v s o r a a teljessgre mr c s a k azrt s e m t a r t h a t s z m o t , m e r t d i k k o r o m b a n az emltett vszakokban n e m tartzkodtam o t t h o n . A z tvonulkra v o n a t k o z a d a t o k a t c s a k a z 1 9 2 0 . v t a j e g y z e m f e l , a redelkezsre ll szabadidmhz mrten. 173

KIMUTATS az i m e l l e k e n fszkel maurfajtkri

A m e l y e k c s a k r i t k n fszkelnek i t t , a z o k ( B r e e d i n g b i r d s , w i t h ( R . ) the rares).

neve

utn ,,FL"-t

rtam.

Corvus cornix, Corvus frugilegus, Coloeus moncdula, P i c a pica, Garrulus glandarius, Sturnus vulgaris, riolus oriolus, Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Chloris elhoris, Carduelis carduelis, Carduelis cannabina, Fringilla coelebs, Passer domesticus, Fasser montanus, E m b e r i z a citrinella, E m b e r i z a schoeniclus, Galerida eristata, Alauda arvensis, A n t h u s trivilis, Motacilla flava, Motacilla alba, Sitta europaea (R.J, Parus major, Parus eaeruleus, Aegithalos caudatus, R e m i z pendulinus (R.J, Panurus biarmicus (R.J, L a n i u s minor, Lanius excubitor, L a n i u s colurio, Muscicapa striata (B.J, Phylloscopus eollybita, Lusciniola melanopogon, Loeustella luscinioides, Acrocephalus arundinaeeus, Acrocephalus scirpaceus, Acrocephalus palustris, Acrocephalus schoenobaneus, S y l v i a nisoria, S y l v i a borin, Sylvia atricapilla, S y l v i a communis, S y l v i a curruca, Turdus ericetorum, Turdus merula, Oenanthe oenanthe, Saxicola rubetra, Saxicola torquata, Phocnicurus phoenicurus, Luscinia megarhyncha, Lusoinia luscinia, Troglodytes troglodytes, H i r u n d o rustiea, Delichon urbica, Caprimulgus europaeus, Merops apiaster, popa epops, Coracias garrulus, Picus viridis, Dendrocopos maior, Dendrocopos syriacus, Dendrocopos minor, Dendrocopos medius, J y n x torquilla (B.J, Cueulus canorus, Asio otus, Athene noctua, T y t o alba, Falco subbuteo (R,). Falco vespertinus, Falco tinnunculus, Buteo buteo, Circus aeruginosus, Circus pygargus, Accipiter gentilis, Accipiter nisus, Milvus milvus, M i l v u s migrans, Pernis apivorus (R.), Ciconia ciconia, Ardea cinerea, A r d e a purpurea, Ardeola ralloides, Nyoticorax nyeticorax, Ixobrychus minutus, Botaurus stellaris, Anser anser, Anas platyrhyncha, Anas quorquedula, A y t h y a nyroca, Podiceps cristatus, Podiceps griseigena, Podiceps nigricollis, Podiceps ruficollis, Columba oenas, Columba palumbus, Streptopelia turtur, Streptopelia decaocto, Vanellus vanellus, Capella gallinago, Chlidonias nigra, Larus ridibundus (R.J, R a l l u s aquaticus, Porzana porzana, Porzana parva, Crex crex, G a l l i n u l a cbloropus, Fulioa atra, Perdix perdix, Coturnix coturnix, Phasianus cplchicus. A f e n t i fajok k l t s h e z a k v e t k e z m e g j e g y z s e k e t k e l l h o z z fznm : 1. A h a m v a s rtihja t o j s t 1 9 2 4 . V . 9-n g y j t t t k . A z r e g m a d r o t t k v l y g o t t a fszek k r l . A t o j s o k m r e t e i : 4 5 X 3 6 , 4 6 x 3 4 , 4 7 X 3 6 , 47 x 3 6 m m . G y j t t t e m m g e g y s o k k a l k i s e b b m r e t fszekaljat i s , m e l y Dobay g y j t e m n y b e kerlt. 2. A vrsknya rmihlyfalvn a Sasok erdejben" vek ta fszkel, nha 11 v r e e l t n i k . L e g g y a k r a b b a n a rgi fszkeibe j n v i s s z a , m e l y e k r i t k n ll, r e g , n a g y t l g y f k o n llanak. S a j n o s , m a m r a l i g m a r a d t e z e k b l a f k b l , de azrt a m a d a r a t mg 1 9 5 4 . n y a r n a f a l u felett k r z n i l t t a m . 3. A darzslyv az rmihlyfalvi hatrban, a m a g y a r hatr m e l l e t t , a F u r k " e r d b e n fszkelt 4 v e n t 1 p r b a n . 1 9 3 2 - b e n t e l e p e d e t t m e g . N e m b n t o t t a m , v i g y z t u n k re. 1 9 3 3 - b a n V . 2 8 - n v o l t 1 t o j s a . 4 nap mlva mg 1 tojs. A k k o r k i v e t t e m az e g y i k e t . Pr n a p mlva ismt 1 t o j s , a z t is e l v e t t k s V I . 9-n t o j t a a n e g y e d i k t o j s t . M i k o r ezt is k i v e t l e m , e l t v o z t a k , de 1 9 3 4 - b e n ismt o t t fszkeltek. 4. A nagy rgbics n i n c s m i n d e n vben. Xha 2 3 vben egyms utn visszajn, v a l s z n l e g u g y a n a z a pr, m e r t e g y b i z o n y o s f a c s o p o r t nl fszkel. gy a . . D i e n e s i " legel szln lev a k c f a s o r b a n g y j t t t e m 1 9 3 2 . V . 2-n t o j s a i t . 171

5. Kenderike gyakori nlunk. ban leltem tbbszr is.

Fszkt az erdk szln kknybokor-

Az rmellken tlen mutatkoz ragy vonulskor elfordul madarak nvjegyzke (Visitors) Corvus corax, Nucifraga oaryocatactes, Carduelis flavirostris, Carduelis flammea, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Fringilla montifringilla, Anthus campestris, Anthus pratensis, Certhia familiris, Regulus regulus, Bombycilla garrulus, Muscicapa albicollis, Muscicapa parva, Phylloscopus trochilus, Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Turdus pilaris, Turdus viscivorus, Turdus musicus, Phoenicurus ochruros, Erithacus rubecola, R i p a r i a riparia. Apus apus, Alcedo atthis, Picus canus, Asio flammeus, Falco peregrinus, Falco columbarius, Buteo ruffinus, Buteo lagopus, Circus cyaneus, Circus macrouius, Ciconia nigra, Platalea leucorodia, Cygnus cygnus, Anser albifrons, Anser erythropus, Anser fabalis, Anas crecca, Anas penelope, Spatula clypeata, Bucephala clangula, Nyroca ferina, Pelecanus onocrotalus, Colymbus aroticus, Philomachus pugnax, Tringa erytlrropus, Tringa totanus, T r i n g a stagnatilis, Tringa hypoleucos, Recurvirostia avoceta, Xumenius arquatus, Scolopax rustieola, Capella media, Lymnocryptes minimus, Chlidonias leuooptera, Sterna hirundo, Sterna albifrons, Otis tarda, Grus grus.

Hird-life at the rmellk by Dr. Ern Andraay The river r takes its origin at Szopor from the meeting of some small creeks and it later meanders on i n a wide, fiat and buggy valley, forming peninsidas and islets here and there. I n dry summers i t dries up, but i n spring-time, when thawweather comes suddenly, its bed is thoroughly fiiled. Further on, where it becomes deeper, forming occasionally small ponds, primeval reeds can be found as well as thicknesses of broom, willow-shrubs and poplars. The middle part of the river is called rmellk", a fertile, densely populated h i l l y land, in the districts of B i h a r and Szilgy. On the left river-side, where hills spread from Szilgypr as far as Szkelyhid, there are orchards and vineyards, whereas on the hills of the right riverside the arable land Stretches. On the hights of rmihlyfalva ( = Valea-lui-Minai) these hills change into a sanddune region, which geologically already belongs to the Nyrsg. rmihlyfalva having been administration's centre of the rmeilk, the five villages i n the neighbourhood a l l belonged to the rmellk. This is proved by their names too: rsemjn etc. I n 1904, when I was ten years old, I began to record a l l the birds I observed, or I shot. In these years, when we lived at Szalac, I saw Pelicans and Spoonbills for the first and only time. Since 1911,1 l i v e a t rmihlyfalva. The eountry-side has changed very much since: the oak-forest of an extension of 400 acres has been cleared, as well as the SO acre-wide forest of the same k i n d , the so-callcd Eagle's F o r e s t i n 1929 too. However, about the same time acacia-trees were plantcd on some 1000 acres. Below rmihlyfalva there was a heronry, but the water having been absorbed by the tank-trench, the herons moved on. O l d trees having not been left, the birds of prey and the hollow-breeders became rare. D u r i n g the droughts of the last years the soil dried up and so the colonies of Blaok-Headed G u l l y and Common Terns have disappeared. New-comers, on the other hand, could be registered: the Indian Ring-Dove (1942), the Bee-Eater (nesting for the first time i n 1951) and i n the summer of 1954, the first Syrian Wood-Pccker. In the following I give a list of birds, the nesting of wich I can prove by the eggs collected. Besides these birds some other species occurred too during migration i n spring and autumn, the list of wich can not yet be regarded as complete, because I was not at home during these months i n m y early life. D a t a on migratory birds are recorded since the year of 1920, as far as I had the free time at m y disposal to carry on observations. F o r the list of species see the Hungarian Text.
175

The following remarks are made to the breeding of the species listed above: 1. Wo have collected the eggs of the Montagu's H a r r i e r on 9th M a y 1924. The aduit female circled above the nest. The measurements of the eggs are: 4 5 x 3 6 , 46 X 34, 47 X 36 and 47 X 36 m m . I found some nest w i t h smaller clutches too, these were given to the collection of Dobay. 2. The K i t e has been nesting i n the so-called Eagle's Forest for years, but occasionally disappeared forr a year's period. They mostly occupied their previous nest which were built on Single old oaks. Unfortunatoly only a few remained of these trees, nevertheless I observed the birds circling above the village i n the year 1954. 3. One pair of the Honey-Buzzard was nesting during four years i n the surroundings of rmihlyfalva i n the Furk Forest, near the H u n g a r i a n boundary. It settled in 1932. It was not disturbed. O n the 28th of M a y there was one egg i n the nest, after four days the next one. Then I took the clutch. After a few days another egg was laid, this was collected too. O n 9th of June the fourth egg was laid, this one having been removed too, the birds disappeared, but i n 1934 they nested again. 4. The Great Grey Shrike is not to be seen every year. Sometimes i t is coming back for 23 year successively, probably the same pair, because it is always nesting i n the same group of trees. So I have collected its eggs i n a row of acacias-trees on the verge of the Dienes-pasture on the 2nd of M a y 1932. 5. The Linnt is frequent i n some places, I have repeatedly found its nest on the forest's border i n a haw-thom bush.