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Code mixing of English and Thai on Thai television entertainment program: A case study of Dao Kra Jai entertainment program on channel 9 9.
Tantiwa Jaihuek ( ) * Dr. Simmee Opra (. ) ** Dr.phasuk Dehaboon (. ) ***

ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this study was to analyze how words were used in Thai television entertainment program: A case study of Dao Kra Jai entertainment program on Channel 9. The data were collected by recording of Thai entertainment program from Dao Kra Jai entertainment program in 2010. This study focused only the language used by the people related to Thai entertainment program; Dao Kra Jai, and collecting the data of code-mixing in words and phrases which appeared in Thai sentences. The results of the study revealed that there were 7 types of code-mixing on Thai television entertainment program which are; 1) Use English words or transliteration 2) Use English and Thai words 3) Use clipping from English language 4) Use abbreviation from English language 5) Use English vocabulary with Thai explanation 6) Use English names, and 7) Others.

9 2010 7 1) 2) 3) 6) 4) 5) 7)

Key Words: code-mixing, transliteration, case study :

* Student, Master of Arts in English, Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Rai Rajabhat University ** Assistant Professor of Western Languages, Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Rai Rajabhat University *** Assistant Professor of Western Languages, Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Rai Rajabhat University

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Introduction
Nowadays, English is used wildly in Thai society in business, politics, travel and entertainment because most people from all over the world use English as a language for communication. The majority comes from countries with political and economics and then using the English language becomes the primary language that the people have to use to communicate with foreigners. Therefore, most people define English is the language as an international language or global language. Most of Thai people learn and understand other languages especially English. English is the primary foreign language that is used to connect to other countries. Thai people believe that people who are knowledgeable and good at English mixing English words when they talk about technology that is popular. The behavior of speaking two languages at the same time, the linguist called Code-mixing Code-mixing occurs in a bilingual speech community in which fluent bilingual talking to one another use both language and change from one language involving every level of lexical and syntactic structure including words, phrases, clauses and sentences (Hudson,1980:53 ) According to Phartana (2003) from factory of Humanities and Social of Songklanakrarin University, who studied about Code-mixing in Thai television program revealed that Thai people were using code-mixing about 64% and the sources of Thai people used code mixing were; 1. In the general discussion of people. Some words in English that match the translation in the Thai language. So, they must use transliteration. 2. In the computer language. The definition words that the Thai language dont have the concept. For example, in English use Software but In Thai use Lamonpan () 3. The words are use in specific community. According to the ABAC POLL, which surveyed the behavior and popular public television actor and male-female during April 25 to May 7, 2544, it was found that many Thai people who are interested in television entertainment news in Thailand using code-mixing more in entertainment news reporting because the journalist may be knowledgeable and have a good command of English to demonstrate to the audience with some words, when the Thai language is already used. So, the present time, it is said that the Mass medias including newspapers, magazines, radio, television and movies have influence on the use of language. It is also found that Mass medias influenced in using the language specifically, especially in television and movies. People learn the language by the Mass medias unconsciously and often use it automatically. (Chamnan,1976: 106-158) Entertainment news programs are one program which most people are interested because actors or stars are public persons who people are interested in their lives. Languages are used in entertainment news by these public persons. Communication and presentation are effected to peoples languages especially, teenagers which the groups are watching entertainment news. So, there are language variations by using code-mixing. The most popular television programs are entertainment programs in Thailand, especially Dao Kra Jai entertainment program, that presents

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entertainment news and interview actors and actresses. In 2004, Dao Kra Jai was awarded the Star Entertainment Award because most people admire this program. And in Dao Kra Jai entertainment program code-mixing is employed especially the Master of ceremonies (M.C.) who has knowledge about more languages and some words in English that match the translation in the Thai language. So, they have to use transliteration and code-mixing, respectively, (This night Phajanlaypayak is on air ) These reasons illustrated the influence of television and the Mass media influence the audience in using English language to make people become more interested especially in the entertainment program. Therefore, entertainment program in Thai television is interesting items and to study about the use of code-mixing in the popular program is significant and be more profound. language used in the speech of people in entertainment program. 2. Collecting the data in code-mixing only words and phrases which appear in Thai sentences

Data analysis procedures

The data analysis procedures of Code mixing of English and Thai on Thai television entertainment program were presented as follows; 1. Analyze the data to investigate codemixing which were translated to Thai usage - SE-EDs modern English-Thai dictionary - Oxford Advanced Learner's English-Thai dictionary by A.S. Hornby - Transliteration from foreign language book written by Wit Tingburanatam. 2. Categorize the data using the usage of codemixing of English and Thai in Thai television entertainment program based on Nareerat Samingkaews study. 3. Classify words and phrases from the collected data Phrase is a group of words that does not contain a verb and its subject and is used as a single part of speech ( Delahunty & Garvey,1994:274) . 4. Summarize and discussed the result of data analysis. 5. Reporting

Materials and methods

Materials Tape Recording The data for this study were collected the sample randomly during 12 April 10 June 2010, for 19 hours of Thai entertainment program on channel 9. The Thai entertainment is Dao Kra Jai by Tape recording. Data collection 1. Recording the report of Thai entertainment program from Dao Kra Jai entertainment program during 12 April 10 June 2010 by collecting on Monday to Friday and this study focused only

Results
The study of Code-mixing of English and Thai on Thai television entertainment program was conducted in order to understand the phenomenon of code-mixing of English and Thai. The purpose of the study is to analyze how words were used in Thai

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television entertainment program: a case study of Dao Kra Jai entertainment program on channel 9 observed from entertainment program on Thai television: Dao Kra Jai entertainment program on Channel 9. The data of this study were collected randomly sampled for 19 hours during 12 April 10 June 2010 by Tape recording. By using data collection only word and phrase which appeared in sentences. To analyze how words were used in Thai television entertainment program base on Nareerat Samingkaews study. The results of the study revealed that there are 7 types of code-mixing of Thai television program. There are some usage of English words or transliteration, use of English and Thai words, use of clipping from English language, use of abbreviation from English language, use of English words with Thai explanation, use of English names and other. Uses of English words or transliteration were used in sentences mostly and could divide into 4 types. There are; 1) words were English words from native speaker to be mixed in Thai language without changing, 2) compound word was made when two words are joined to form a new word, and consist of English and Thai in each of these words,3) phases consist of main words and modifiers to adjust so as to be in a synchronized condition, and 4) structure was used with English words instead of Thai words following the Thai-English grammar. Second, clipping was used in sentence at the lower level. The Use of clipping from English language could divide into 3 types. There are; 1) Front clipping which is an English word was clipping to a shorten form by retaining the front words, 2) Back clipping which is an English word was clipping to a shorten form by retaining the behind words, and 3) the first syllable clipping which is an English word was clipping to a shorten form by retaining the first syllable. Uses of English words with Thai explanation were less used in sentences.

Discussion
For code mixing of English and Thai on Thai television entertainment program, it was found that 7 types were used in Thai sentences. However, English words or transliteration were used in sentences mostly. Because English words or transliteration were easy to employ and clear to communicate. There were no changes or transferable of words. They could speak English instead the Thai language. This result supported the study of Suttira (1997) studying The code-mixing English- Thai of Radio program F.M. in Bangkok and Nareerat (2002) The study of code-mixing in Thai Daily Entertainment News. They found that most of the English words or transliterations were used in sentences, due to, the swift and abbreviation. For example limit the meaning in Thai is final or limited point but when they speak Thai, the sentences were long and difficult to understand. Moreover, Reduplication was repetition of a word consecutively. (Bobda, 1994 cited in Thanutcha, 2005:42). In English, there were no characteristics of reduplication. In Thai, the characteristics of reduplicated feature were imposed onto the English word by repeating the English word, for example When asking about love love, she cant stop smiling.

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Conclusion
This study is a sociolinguistics study about codemixing on Thai television entertainment program. The researcher is interested in investigating codemixing because Thai community is bilingual or multilingual society. The researcher found that 7 types were used in Thai television entertainment program: A case study in Dao Kra Jai entertainment program was conducted. There are usage of English words or transliteration, use of English and Thai words, use of clipping from English language, use of abbreviation from English language, use of English words with Thai explanation, and use of English names and other. In conclusion, Code mixing of English and Thai on Thai television entertainment program that appeared in this study for use to make it easy and meaningful that speaker can communicate better than Thai words. Prathana Kannaoakun , 2003 . The mixing of English and Thai in Thai television programs. Manusya journal of Humanities vol.6 No. 2 September. Suttira Wongpanitjarean, 1997. Code-mixing EnglishThai of Radio program F.M. in Bangkok. The thesis of Master of Arts in English. Linguistics program. Thammasat University. Thanutcha Preechaamornkul, 2005. Code-mixing of English and Thai in Thai television music programs. The thesis of Master of Arts in English. Chiang Mai University.

Bibliography
Chamnan Rodhatpai, 1976. Seminar to using Thai language. Bangkok: Kungsayam Press. Delahunty & Garvey, 1994. The English Language From Sound to Sense. Fort Collins, Colorado:The WAC Clearinghouse and Parlor Press. Hudson, 1980. Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Nareerat Samingkaew, 2002. Code-mixing in Thai Daila Entertainment News. The thesis of Master of Art in English . linguistic program. Tammasat University.

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