Name:- Prayat Hegde ECE 4101/5101 Homework 01 Student emai !

D:- "#egde$un%%&edu
1

Due 01/28/14 Page 1 o' 8

AnsAnalog Signals: The value range is infinite. The values depend on the type of signal used. Can be considered as any continuous signal related to time. Example: - A recorder is an analog system as it accepts voice hich is a analog signal. The !uman voice has a range from "# !$ to "# %!$ &igital Signal: - The values are finite and in most systems limited to ones and $eros. 'ts discrete time varying signal. Example: - A signal generated hen you press a button or %eypad is a digital signal. 't is limited to ones and $eros

"

Ans (inary: - )ero * one &ecimal:- )ero * +ine !exadecimal: - #- ,- #.1."./.0.1.2.3.4.5.A.(.C.&.E.,6 7ctal : -#-3

Name:- Prayat Hegde ECE 4101/5101 Homework 01 Student emai !D:- "#egde$un%%&edu

Due 01/28/14 Page 2 o' 8

Name:- Prayat Hegde ECE 4101/5101 Homework 01 Student emai !D:- "#egde$un%%&edu

Due 01/28/14 Page ( o' 8

Name:- Prayat Hegde ECE 4101/5101 Homework 01 Student emai !D:- "#egde$un%%&edu

Due 01/28/14 Page 4 o' 8

Name:- Prayat Hegde ECE 4101/5101 Homework 01 Student emai !D:- "#egde$un%%&edu

Due 01/28/14 Page 5 o' 8

Name:- Prayat Hegde ECE 4101/5101 Homework 01 Student emai !D:- "#egde$un%%&edu

Due 01/28/14 Page ) o' 8

4.

Ans:7ne8s compliment of a number is bit ise inversion hen the number is in binary form. T o8s compliment of a number is basically adding binary one to the one8s compliment of a number. The above is used because the microcontroller doesn8t support subtraction operand i.e. directly subtracting t o given numbers. Therefore by using t o8s compliment on the negative number. 9e can go ahead and add the t o numbers. The results :S( denoted hether the result is positive or negative. E.g.: 1-/ #1#1-##11 T o8s compliment of -/ is ; 11##<1;11#1 Therefore 1</;#1#1<11#1;1 ##1# 'gnoring the carry bit the value is "

Name:- Prayat Hegde ECE 4101/5101 Homework 01 Student emai !D:- "#egde$un%%&edu

Due 01/28/14 Page * o' 8

Name:- Prayat Hegde ECE 4101/5101 Homework 01 Student emai !D:- "#egde$un%%&edu

Due 01/28/14 Page 8 o' 8

1#.

Ans: Embedded Systems: 't8s a mini computer hich has fixed functions. 't performs tas%s ith precision for lifetime. until the programmer changes the code hich is in microcontroller. The Embedded systems ma%es decision based on sensor output communicates ith the use of =E&s. =C&s etc. 't as introduced to improve automation and has replaced many electromechanical devices. (enefits: Smaller in si$e compared to large electromechanical devices :any functions could be interfaced in an embedded system giving it robustness 't can be tuned to be precise

11.

Ans: 'n manufacturing plants embedded systems is used to perform various activities. >anging from elding to pac%aging. At the elding section the embedded system ith the help of position sensors eld pieces of metal together ith the help of a robotic arm. (enefits of using embedded systems &ecreases manufacturing time hence increasing line efficiency ?uality and precision increases Cost of the total product decreases

1".

Ans: Attributes of Embedded Systems +eeds fault handling for safe operations 't is needed to or% for years ithout calibrating and maintaining it. Eg :ars >over The embedded systems in real time operation needs to be precise or respond in a certain time frame. Constraints of Embedded Systems @o er consumption. As embedded systems are needed to operate for years together they are needed to consume less po er. Si$e of the embedded systems. Costs of the embedded system. Should be able to or%ing harsh environments.

1/.

Ans: Safe handling of boards Al ays hold the board along the corners :a%e sure you8re in a static free environment hen or%ing ith the board. Static can be avoided by grounding yourself. Ase an antistatic bag to store the circuit board Beep plastic items a ay from the circuit board as it has the tendency to generate static