Gi PTIT round 3

Bi A: Hai tam gic.

Input c m bo khng c 2 cnh no ca tam gic ct nhau, v cc tam gic nm trn 2 mt phng khc nhau. 1) Trng hp 2 tam gic vng vo nhau: Khi ,1 cnh ca tam gic ny s ct min trong tam gic kia, v ngc li. 2) Trng hp khng vng: * 2 tam gic khng giao nhau. * C 1 tam gic m xuyn qua tam gic kia, tc l c 2 cnh ct min trong cuar tam gic kia. Trng hp 1 nh ca tam gic ny nm trn mt phng tam gic kia, hay c 1 cnh nm trong min tam gic kia, cng c th quy nt v trng hp ny. Cn xy dng c phng trnh ng thng i qua 2 im trong khng gian (phng trnh tham s) v tm giao im ca mt ng thng vi mt mt phng.

Bi B: Cuc chin bo v t nc.

Cn xy dng c ma trn chuyn trng thi phn b nng lng cho h thng pho i, gi l ma trn A.

Hng 1 ca A: a[1,1] = 0.75 th hin pho i 1 gi li 75% nng lng t chnh n, a[1,3] = 0.75 th hin n nhn c 75% nng lng t pho i 3... Gi vector ST, END ln lt l trng thi nng lng ca n pho i ti thi im ban u v thi im sau t ngy. Ta c END = A^t * ST. Ti y c 2 cch tnh: Cch 1: Tnh ly tha ca ma trn A^t trong log t. Php nhn ma trn mt chi ph n^3. phc tp n^3 log t. Cch 2: S dng tnh cht kt hp ca ma trn. A^t * ST = A* [A^(t-1) * ST] = ... Bi ton lc ny ch l nhn ma trn n x n vi ma trn n x 1, chi ph n^2. phc tp n^2 *t. Khi bit c gi tr vector END ri th phn cn li ca bi ton kh n gin.

Gi PTIT round 3
Bi D: Trm bo tn hiu.
C tt c 3 trng hp : 1) 2 ng trn khng giao nhau: v tr t trm bo l trung im ca AB. R = AB/2.

2) 2 ng trn lng nhau: v tr t trm bo l trung im ca CD, r = CD/2.

3) 2 ng trn ct nhau: v tr t trm bo l 1 trong 2 giao im, khi tm nhn r = 0, v qun l c 2 tn ch ti ng v tr t trm bo.

Bi H: Tr chi Fibonacci Nim.

Ngi ta a ra cc khi nim v tp N v tp P trong l thuyt tr chi nh sau: (a) Tt c cc v tr kt thc tr chi u thuc tp P. (b) T mi v tr thuc N lun c t nht 1 cch i ti 1 v tr thuc P. (c) T mi v tr thuc P, mi di chuyn u ti v tr thuc n.

Gi PTIT round 3
Chin thut ginh chin thng cho ngi chi u tin l: xut pht v tr N, v c gng di chuyn ti v tr P. Thay i gi thit bi ton ny, gi s ngi chi u tin khng c ly ht tt c cc cc vin si, khi ngi chi th hai cng c chin thut chin thng, nhng ch trong trng hp s vin si xut pht ban u l mt v tr thuc tp P. Chng minh cc v tr l s Fibonacci l cc v tr P: https://brilliant.org/assessment/s/geometry-and-combinatorics/2651656/ Ngi chi th nht s c gng di chuyn a s si cn li tr thnh v tr P. Chin thut ti u s nh sau: Gi n = F[i1] + F[i2] + .... + F[i_k] l biu din ca n thnh tng cc s Fibonacci theo th t tng dn. Ngi chi th nht s chn F[i1] u tin, sau s c gng loi b tip F[i2], ... ti F[i_k] v dnh chin thng. Tham kho thm ti: http://superm.math.hawaii.edu/_pdfs/lessons/k_five/SuperM_Nim.pdf

Bi I: Qun tng.

Cc qun tng s n nhau khi chng ng trn cng ng cho mu en hoc . Quay bn c 45 ri tch bn c thnh 2 bng en v , ta tch bi ton ra lm 2. Cn t k qun tng ln bn, v vy p s = tng s cch t j qun tng ln bng en v k-j qun tng ln bng vi mi j t 1 ti k. tnh c s cch t j qun tng ln bng en, ta sp xp li di cc ng cho theo th t tng dn (nh hnh v) ri tin hnh quy hoch ng. Ch kt qu c th vt qu kiu d liu long long, v vy cn s dng s nguyn ln.