INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION

Document 20 E

TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR

TSB DIRECTORS CONSULTATION MEETING ON IPTV STANDARDIZATION

Geneva, 4-5 April 2006 DOCUMENT 20 Source T!t"e # Intro$uct!on A% *e +roa#+an# a))e%% ne wor, o *e *ome "%in- op i)al &i+er +e)ome% pop"lar, in e-ra ion o& +roa#)a% in- an# ele)omm"ni)a ion will +e a))elera e# in *e near &" "re. In a##i ion o vi#eo #i% ri+" ion o& T( pro-ram *ro"-* *e ele)omm"ni)a ion ne wor,, *e I'T( %ervi)e ena+lin- on #eman# an# in era) ive opera ion i% -oin- o +e % ar e# +$ ele)omm"ni)a ion% )arrier%. On *e o *er *an#, % an#ar#i/a ion o& Ne0 Genera ion Ne wor, 1NGN2 i% pro-re%%e# in ITU-T, an# i i% %"ppo%e# *a e0i% in- elep*one ne wor, an# *e In erne will +e in e-ra e# an# mi-ra e# o NGN on *e "+i3"i o"% an# +roa#+an# +a%i% in *e &" "re. T*i% )on ri+" ion propo%e% % "#$in- i%%"e% o& NGN &or reali/in- I'T( %ervi)e on NGN. 2 B%&!c conce't %n$ %rc(!tecture o) IPTV 2*# IPTV I'T( i% a #i-i al elevi%ion %ervi)e w*i)* i% #elivere# o en# "%er% *ro"-* +roa#+an# I' ne wor,. Televi%ion wi * !e -Top-4o0 1!T42 i% "%e# o re)eive I'T( %ervi)e, an#, in mo% )a%e%, I'T( %ervi)e i% provi#e# wi * (i#eo on 5eman# 1(o52 an# in erne we+ a))e%% ena+lin- in era) ive opera ion. I i% e0pe) e# *a I'T( will rapi#l$ prevail +e)a"%e *e T(-3"ali $ vi#eo #eliver$ *ro"-* *e In erne +e)ame availa+le +$ improvin- +roa#+an# lin, )onne) ion e)*nolo-$. Unli,e % reamin- %ervi)e o& +e% -e&&or )onne) ion on *e In erne , I'T( i% o& en +a%e# on well mana-e# ne wor,% &or -oo# vi#eo 3"ali $. I'T( i% po%i ione# a% one o& *e ,e$ %ervi)e o& 6Triple 'la$7 alonwi * (oI' an# in erne we+ %ervi)e, *ere&ore I'T( %ervi)e will +e *e mo% impor an an# )r")ial %ervi)e &or ele)omm"ni)a ion% )arrier% &or provi#in- Triple 'la$ &or en# "%er%. I'T( %ervi)e% are prevailin- in %ome E"ropean )o"n rie% an# *e n"m+er% o& )"% omer% are remar,a+l$ in)rea%in-. 8"r *ermore, man$ )o"n rie% are plannin- an# in ro#")in- I'T( %ervi)e% in
Cont%ct I)*iro 9a%e NTT Comware Corpora ion :apan Tel; <=>-4?-2>>-2400 8a0; <=>-4?-2>>-45>5 Email; ,a%e.i)*iro@n )om.)o.Ap

NTT Comware Corpora ion ! "#$ i em% &or I'T( %ervi)e on NGN

Attent!on T*i% i% no a p"+li)a ion ma#e availa+le o *e p"+li), +" %n !ntern%" ITU+T Document in en#e# onl$ &or "%e +$ *e Mem+er ! a e% o& ITU, +$ ITU-T !e) or Mem+er% an# A%%o)ia e%, an# *eir re%pe) ive % a&& an# )olla+ora or% in *eir ITU rela e# wor,. I %*all no +e ma#e availa+le o, an# "%e# +$, an$ o *er per%on% or en i ie% wi *o" *e prior wri en )on%en o& ITU-T.

-2E"rope an# Nor * Ameri)a. In :apan, e0perimen o& I' re ran%mi%%ion o& erre% rial #i-i al +roa#)a% in- pro-ram% i% pro-re%%in- %in)e analo- +roa#)a% in- will +e % oppe# in 20>>. Moreover, in elli-en %erver- $pe +roa#)a% in- i% al%o -oin- o +e % ar e# in 200B a% a new %ervi)e "ni3"e o :apan. 2*2 S,&tem %rc(!tecture %n$ tec(n!c%" e"ement& I'T( i% implemen e# )onne) in- %erver% an# re)eiver% wi * mana-e# I' Ne wor,. Cen ral %erver &a)ili $ )on%i% % o& live en)o#er, )on en %erver, *ea#-en# %erver, opera ion %"ppor %$% em an# %o on. On *e o *er *an#, "%er %i#e &a)ili $ )on%i% % o& e#-e ro" er, ONU, !T4, an# re)eiver. No onl$ 'C +" al%o T( %e i% a%%"me# a% a re)eiver. Impor an &ea "re o& *e ne wor, &or I'T( i% *a ne wor, 3"ali $ i% well )on rolle# )ompare# o *e In erne . I'T( i% %"ppo%e# o +e a #i&&eren ia e# %ervi)e &rom normal in erne % reamin- %ervi)e. T*ere&ore, &or *e implemen a ion o& I'T( %ervi)e, %ome e)*ni)al i%%"e% %")* a% 3"ali $ improvemen o& vi#eo, % a+ili $ o& )omm"ni)a ion 3"ali $, ri), pla$ )apa+ili $ *ave o +e #i%)"%%e#.

8i-. > !$% em % r") "re o& I'T( 2*- Current Stu$, Su./ect I'T( nee#% o +e *armoni/e# wi * ele)omm"ni)a ion an# *e In erne %ervi)e +e)a"%e i i% po%i ione# a% one o& Triple 'la$ %ervi)e%. T*ere&ore, *armoni/a ion wi * %$% em% %")* a% "%er mana-emen an# )*ar-in- i% ne)e%%ar$ al *o"-* i i% no re3"ire# &or +roa#)a% %ervi)e ori-inall$. U%e o& C.264DA(C i% )on%i#ere# in I'T( %ervi)e% &rom a viewpoin o& en)o#in- o& a vi#eo. Al *o"-* *e C.264DA(C i %el& i% % an#ar#i/e#, *ere remain% e)*ni)al pro+lem% &or reali/in- realime en)o#in- an# o *er &"n) ion%. !in)e *e +an#wi# * in a))e%% %$% em i% no eno"-* w*en )arr$in- o" I' re ran%mi%%ion o& )on en %, C.264DA(C appear o +e promi%in- +e)a"%e o& i % *i-* )ompre%%ion ra io. Cowever, w*en "%in- C.264DA(C, in eropera+ili $ wi * *e e0i% in- %ervi)e +a%e# on M'EG 2, %")* a% E'G %ervi)e an# #a a +roa#)a% in-, %*o"l# +e a,en in o )on%i#era ion. E*en implemen in- I' re ran%mi%%ion o& erre% rial #i-i al +roa#)a% in-, *i-* 3"ali $ e3"ivalen o ori-inal +roa#)a% in- i% re3"ire#. 8or e0ample, *ere are 3"ali $ i%%"e% %")* a% error ra e%, Ai er, #ela$ an# %o on. (ario"% % "#ie% are "n#er wa$ in or#er o ,eep *e%e val"e% wi *in oleran)e level. 8"r *ermore, /appin- &or 3"i), )*an-in- o& T( )*annel i% al%o ano *er e)*ni)al i%%"e. E*en a )*annel i% )*an-e#, i i% re3"ire# o %*ow *e pro-ram 3"i),l$ on *e %)reen. 4" in *e vi#eo

-?#i% ri+" ion "%in- I' m"l i)a% , #ela$ ari%e% even i& ro" er i% %e a% &a% leave mo#e. 5"e o *e #ela$, noi%e will )ome o" #"rin- )*an-in- )*annel. Moreover, %in)e *e n"m+er o& )*annel% re)eiva+le +$ "%er% i% al%o re% ri) e# +$ *e a))e%% ne wor, )apa)i $, *e a))e%% me *o# %"i a+le &or I'T( %ervi)e %*o"l# +e % "#ie#. On *e o *er *an#, *e % r") "re o& I' )ore ne wor, %*o"l# +e al%o % "#ie# in )a%e o& I'T( ra&&i) in)rea%in-. - Stu$, !&&ue& on NGN )or &u''ort!n0 IPTV -*# NGN &(ou"$ &u''ort Tr!'"e P"%, not on", 1MC T*e ar)*i e) "re o& NGN w*i)* i% +ein- % an#ar#i/e# in ITU-T i% %imilar o *a o& IM! 1I' M"l ime#ia !"+%$% em2 o& ?G''. !in)e IM! i% ori-inall$ #e%i-ne# &or m"l ime#ia %ervi)e on pa),e +a%e# mo+ile ne wor,%, a#op in- ar)*i e) "re o& IM! in NGN %eem% o +e %"i a+le in erm% o& 8i0e#-Mo+ile Conver-en)e 18MC2. !o, one o& *e maAor +ene&i % o& NGN i% *o"-* o +e a )onver-en)e o& &i0e# ne wor, an# mo+ile ne wor,. Cowever, % an#ar#i/a ion wor, o& NGN Relea%e > in ITU-T *a% no well )on%i#ere# +roa#)a% in%ervi)e. NGN ma$ no +e po%%i+le o %"ppor Triple 'la$, in)l"#in- +roa#)a% in- %ervi)e an# +roa#+an# vi#eo #i% ri+" ion, wi * )"rren #e%i-n o& IM!-+a%e# NGN Relea%e > ar)*i e) "re +e)a"%e %ome &"n) ion% li,e m"l i)a% in-, +roa#)a% in- %i-nallin- are no well )on%i#ere#. In or#er o &"ll$ %"ppor Triple 'la$ in NGN, more % "#ie% &or e0 en#in- NGN o %"ppor +roa#)a% in- an# +roa#+an# )on en % #i% ri+" ion will +e re3"ire#. E*en NGN &"ll$ %"ppor % +o * 8MC an# Triple 'la$, NGN )an provi#e *e in e-ra e# pla &orm &or ele)omm"ni)a ion an# +roa#)a% in-. In or#er o reali/e %")* NGN pla &orm, more % "#ie% on NGN, &or e0ample, *ow NGN *an#le% op i)al a))e%% ne wor,, or *ow NGN in)orpora e% lower la$er pro o)ol% %")* a% M'L! or m"l i)a% , will +e re3"ire#. NGN %*o"l# &le0i+l$ *armoni/e wi * e)*nolo-ie% li,e M'L! an# m"l i)a% an# al%o NGN %*o"l# *ave a mana-emen me)*ani%m an# %i-nallin- me)*ani%m o )on rol *e%e e)*nolo-ie%. -*2 2%rmon!3%t!on .et4een u.!5u!tou& tr%))!c %n$ .ro%$c%&t tr%))!c 5a a ra&&i) o& appli)a ion% on e0i% in- ele)omm"ni)a ion ne wor, or *e In erne i% +a%e# on narrower +an#wi# * ra&&i) or non-real ime ra&&i). In *i% #o)"men , %")* ra&&i) i% )alle# a% 6"+i3"i o"% ra&&i).7 8or e0ample, (oI' i% narrow +an# ra&&i), an# email% are non-real ime ra&&i). Tra&&i) o& mo% appli)a ion% on e0i% in- ne wor, i% "+i3"i o"% ra&&i). On *e o *er *an#, *i-* 3"ali $ vi#eo % reamin- ra&&i) i% +roa#)a% in- $pe one- o-man$ m"l i)a% ra&&i), an# in *i% #o)"men %")* ra&&i) i% )alle# a% 6+roa#)a% ra&&i).7 C*ara) eri% i)% o& "+i3"i o"% ra&&i) an# +roa#)a% ra&&i) )an +e %"mmari%e# a% %*own in *e li% +elow. 8i-. 2 U+i3"i o"% ra&&i) an# +roa#)a% ra&&i)
U+i3"i o"% ra&&i) Appli)a ion Telep*one, (oI', e-mail, e0 me%%a-e, Ee+, R8I5, m"l ime#ia %ervi)e% One- o-one, Man$- o-man$, Narrow+an# or Non-real ime 5ial"p, 05!L, ?G mo+ile 4roa#)a% ra&&i) 4roa#)a% in-, Ci-* 3"ali $ vi#eo #i% ri+" ion, (o5, (i#eo )on&eren)e One- o-man$ 4roa#+an# an# Real ime 8TT0, 4G mo+ile I'v6, GM'L!, M"l i)a%

Topolo-$ Tra&&i) )*ara) eri% i)% A))e%% Te)*nolo-$ !"ppor in-

-4Te)*nolo-$

T*o"-* ra&&i) )*ara) eri% i)% o& a) "al appli)a ion% )an no +e %impl$ )a e-ori/e# in *e%e wo, +" i i% impor an o % "#$ *ow NGN %*o"l# *an#le +o * *e%e $pi)al ra&&i)% +$ )on%i#erin)*ara) eri% i)% o& *e%e ra&&i)%. -*- 2%rmon!3%t!on .et4een te"ecommun!c%t!on &!0n%""!n0 %n$ .ro%$c%&t &!0n%""!n0 4$ )on%i#erin- *e #i&&eren)e o& )*ara) eri% i)% o& "+i3"i o"% ra&&i) an# +roa#)a% ra&&i), *armoni/a ion +e ween ele)omm"ni)a ion %i-nallin- an# +roa#)a% %i-nallin- %*o"l# +e % "#ie#. E%pe)iall$, in mo% )a%e% o& +roa#)a% in- %ervi)e, m"l i)a% me)*ani%m i% %"ppo%e# o +e emplo$e#. !i-nallin- me)*ani%m o& m"l i)a% e)*nolo-$ i% ver$ #i&&eren &rom *a o& e0i% in- )omm"ni)a ion %ervi)e% on *e In erne or ele)omm"ni)a ion ne wor,%. 8or e0ample, e0i% in- )omm"ni)a ion %ervi)e% on *e In erne mo% l$ a%%"me en#- o-en# ne-o ia ion o& )all )onne) ion e% a+li%*men , an# %in-le %i-nallin- pro o)ol i% "%e# &or i . Cowever, in *e m"l i)a% F% )a%e, #i&&eren %i-nallinpro o)ol% are "%e# &or )ore ne wor, an# a))e%% ne wor,. T*ere&ore, i& NGN %"ppor % +roa#)a% in%ervi)e li,e I'T(, *armoni/a ion +e ween ele)omm"ni)a ion %i-nallin- an# +roa#)a% in%i-nallin- %*o"l# +e % "#ie# &or NGN #e%i-n. -*6 Se'%r%t!on o) me$!% tr%n&'ort net4or7 %n$ &!0n%""!n0 net4or7 E*en +roa#+an# %ervi)e li,e +roa#)a% in- i% provi#e# on pa),e -+a%e# ne wor,, i i% %"ppo%e# *a ra&&i) )on-e% ion ma$ )a"%e )on%i#era+le e&&e) on *e 3"ali $ o& %ervi)e. G"ali $ o& me#ia #a a % ream i% %everel$ a&&e) e# +$ *e ra&&i) )on-e% ion, an# "%"all$ #ela$, #a a lo%%, Ai er will +e +ro"-* , a% well a% #i%)onne) ion. One e)*ni3"e o improve *e 3"ali $ )on rol i% *e priori $ )on rol w*i)* i% -enerall$ "%e# in e0i% in- appli)a ion an# ne wor, %")* a% (oI'. Cowever, in )a%e o& +roa#)a% in-, *e priori $ )on rol i% no eno"-* +e)a"%e e&&e) o& ra&&i) )on-e% ion i% -rea er )ompare# o (oI'. In a##i ion, *i-* 3"ali $ level e3"ivalen o >0->> +i error ra e% o& #i-i al +roa#)a% in- ma$ +e re3"ire# &or I'T(. In or#er o en%"re *e a))"ra e %i-nallin- pro)e#"re%, w*ile re ainin- *i-* 3"ali $ o& me#ia #a a ra&&i), i i% e&&e) ive o %epara e %i-nallin- an# me#ia #a a ra&&i), even in pa),e ne wor, &or +roa#)a% in- %")* a% I'T(. T*ere&ore, i i% e%%en ial o % "#$ *e %epara ion o& %i-nallin- an# me#ia ran%&er ra&&i) in NGN, in or#er o reali/e I'T( %ervi)e on NGN in lar-e %)ale. A% &or *e 3"ali $ o& %i-nallin- #a a, ano *er +i- i%%"e i% en%"rin- %e)"ri $ o& %i-nallin- #a a, %in)e %i-nallin- #a a )on ain% ver$ impor an in&orma ion, %")* a% per%onal in&orma ion, )*ar-inin&orma ion an# %o on. In or#er o preven mali)io"% in er)ep in- an# in erpola in-, %epara ion o& me#ia ran%por ne wor, an# %i-nallin- ne wor, i% e&&e) ive. E*en *e me#ia ran%por an# %i-nallin- are *an#le# in *e %ame p*$%i)al ne wor,, ra&&i) 3"ali $ )on#i ion will a&&e) ea)* o *er an# %e)"ri $ level ma$ +e)ome lower. -*8 M%n%0ement %n$ o'er%t!on Ano *er i%%"e w*i)* %*o"l# +e )on%i#ere# w*en implemen in- I'T( on NGN i% mana-emen an# opera ion o& *e ne wor,. A% &or *e opera ion %"ppor %$% em &or I'T(, %$% em% %")* a% )on en mana-emen , )on#i ional a))e%% )on rol, provi%ionin-, ne wor, moni orin-, +illin- an# )*ar-in%*o"l# +e prepare#. E%pe)iall$, moni orin- o& ran%mi e# vi#eo 3"ali $, % a "% moni orin- o&

-5m"l i)a% &"n) ionali ie%, are *e e0ample o& opera ion %$% em %pe)i&i) o I'T(. In a##i ion, in&orma ion pa),e %, %")* a% )all #e ail re)or#%, ro" er % a "%, e ). are %"ppo%e# o +e ran%&erre#. Ano *er impor an mana-emen )apa+ili $ w*i)* i% %pe)i&i) o +roa#)a% in- %ervi)e i% #i% ri+" ion area re% ri) ion )on rol mana-emen . 8or *i% re% ri) ion )on rol, %ome e)*ni3"e% are )"rren l$ +ein- % "#ie#, %")* a% area re% ri) ion )on rol +$ ro" in- or area re% ri) ion )on rol +$ *op )o"n 1Time To LiveDCop-Limi 2. Opera ion %$% em &or mana-in- %")* )on rol e)*ni3"e% will +e ne)e%%ar$. !ome o& *e mo% impor an in&orma ion %")* a% )*ar-in-, )all #e ail re)or#% an# re% ri) ion )on rol #a a %*o"l# +e %epara e# &or *i-*er %e)"ri $, an# NGN %i-nallin- %*o"l# +e % "#ie# +$ )on%i#erin*i% %i "a ion. -*9 Ot(er &tu$, !&&ue& In a##i ion o *e % "#$ i%%"e% #i%)"%%e# %o &ar, *ere are %ome o *er % "#$ i%%"e% o +e #i%)"%%e#, in)l"#in- )o#e) )ompa i+ili $ wi * e0i% in- vi#eo #i% ri+" ion %$% em%, %"ppor o& %moo * /appin13"i), )*an-e o& T( )*annel%2, "%er a" *en i)a ion an# )*ar-in- mo#el. 6 Tec(no"o0, e:%m'"e& %''ro'r!%te )or IPTV on NGN 6*# GMPLS net4or7 8or *e #i&&"%ion o& +roa#+an# an# real ime vi#eo #i% ri+" ion li,e I'T(, op i)al ne wor, +a),+one w*i)* *a% ver$ wi#e +an#wi# * i% re3"ire#. Generali/e# m"l i-pro o)ol la+el %wi )*in- 1GM'L!2 i% one o& *e e&&e) ive )on rol pro o)ol% &or %")* op i)al ne wor,, w*i)* i% +ein- % "#ie# in IET8. !in)e GM'L! )on rol plane allow% o )on rol all *e la$er%, in)l"#in- pa),e la$er, ime #ivi%ion m"l iple0in- 1T5M2 la$er, lam+#a la$er an# &i+er la$er, in a %ame me)*ani%m, i ena+le% e&&e) ive manip"la ion o& op i)al ne wor, re%o"r)e% an# re#") ion o& opera ional )o% . Al%o, one )*ara) eri% i) o& ar)*i e) "re o& GM'L! i% %epara ion o& me#ia #a a plane an# )on rol plane. Con rol #a a, %")* a% ro" in- in&orma ion or pa * )onne) ion in&orma ion, are ran%&erre# *ro"-* %i-nallin- ne wor, in )on rol plane w*i)* i% p*$%i)all$ %epara e# &rom me#ia ran%por ne wor,.

8i-. ? Overview o& GM'L! 6*2 P%t( Com'ut%t!on E"ement ;PCE<

-6'a * Comp" a ion Elemen i% a me)*ani%m &or )omp" in- *e op imal pa * provi%ion "%in- ra&&i) en-ineerin- e)*nolo-$ &or M'L!DGM'L! m"l ila$er ne wor, environmen . !o &ar, pa * )omp" a ion &"n) ionali $ *a% +een implemen e# in M'L!DGM'L! no#e i %el&. Cowever, ne)e%%i $ o& %epara ion o& *e pa * )omp" a ion &"n) ionali $ &rom no#e i% now "n#er #i%)"%%ion in IET8. T*e %epara e# &"n) ionali $ i% )alle# a% pa * )omp" a ion elemen 1'CE2. 'CE i% #e%i-ne# o %"ppor ; M"l iple opera or an# m"l iple #omain environmen Compli)a e# pa * )omp" a ion Glo+al op imi/a ion o& pa * )omp" a ion

8i-.4 Overview o& 'CE on GM'L! ne wor, In *e%e #a$%, mo% o& *e %ervi)e% on ne wor, *ave o +e provi#e# e0)ee#in- +o"n#arie% o& ne wor, #omain%. 'CE ena+le% op imal )omp" a ion o& in er-area pa * or in er-provi#er pa *. T*o"-* 'CE )an +e implemen e# a% a &"n) ionali $ o& ro" er i %el&, i i% more &le0i+le o implemen 'CE a% an in#epen#en no#e &rom GM'L! no#e a% %*own in &i-"re 4, +e)a"%e o& in erwor,in- wi * e0i% in- opera ion %$% em%, ea%ine%% o& main enan)e, e0pan#a+ili $. A% men ione# a+ove, in )a%e o& 'CE environmen +a%e# on GM'L!DM'L!, %i-nallin- ne wor, i% +e er o +e %epara e# &rom me#ia ran%por ne wor,. 6*- ASON tec(no"o0, An A" oma i)all$ !wi )*e# Op i)al Ne wor, 1A!ON2 i% a ne wor, +a%e# on a e)*nolo-$ ena+lin*e a" oma i) #eliver$ o& ran%por %ervi)e%. A!ON i% an ITU-T % an#ar#, an# ITU-T Re)ommen#a ion G.=0=0 #e%)ri+e% *e %e o& )on rol plane )omponen % *a are "%e# o manip"la e ran%por ne wor, re%o"r)e% in or#er o provi#e %")* &"n) ionali $ o& %e in- "p, main ainin- an# relea%in- )onne) ion%. !o, a% i% *e )a%e wi * GM'L!, one )*ara) eri% i) o& A!ON i% %epara ion o& op i)al ran%por plane an# )on rol plane, an# ea)* A!ON no#e %*o"l# *ave an in er&a)e wi * )on rol plane &"n) ionali ie%. A% i% *e )a%e wi * A!ON, )on)ep o& %epara ion o& %i-nallin- ne wor, an# me#ia ran%por ne wor, i% "%e&"l in %ome area li,e op i)al ne wor, %"i a+le &or +roa#)a% in-.

-B8 Conc"u&!on In *i% )on ri+" ion, % "#$ i%%"e% &or reali/in- I'T( %ervi)e on NGN *a% +een #i%)"%%e#. I i% propo%e# o % "#$ more a+o" &ollowin- i%%"e% &or *e &"r *er % "#$ o& NGN. Con%i#era ion o& #i&&eren $pe% o& ra&&i), %")* a% "+i3"i o"% ra&&i) an# +roa#+an# ra&&i), &rom %ome a%pe) % in)l"#in- %i-nallin-. Compa i+ili $ +e ween ele)omm"ni)a ion %i-nallin- an# +roa#)a% in- %i-nallin-. NGN %i-nallin- wi * %epara ion o& %i-nallin- ne wor, an# me#ia ran%por ne wor, &or en%"rin- 3"ali $ an# %e)"ri $. I'T( #epen#en i%%"e% in)l"#in- mana-emen %$% em%, mi-ra ion &rom e0i% in- ne wor, an# )ompa i+ili $ o& )o#e)%.

E%pe)iall$, %i-nallin- i%%"e i% ver$ e%%en ial &or NGN o %"ppor I'T(, an# NGN %i-nallin- % "#ie% in)l"#in- I'T( %*o"l# +e a))elera e# in !G>>. HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH