Solid and Hazardous Waste Notes Central Case: Transforming New Yorks Fresh Kills Landfill: It was briefly

reopened to bury rubble from the World Trade Center after the September 11, 2001, attack New York plans to transform the landfill into a world-class public park. Lovel Canal: 1842-1953, Hooker Chemical sealed multiple chemical wastes into steel drums and dumped them into an old canal excavation (Love Canal). In 1957, Hooker Chemical warned the school not to disturb the site because of the toxic waste. Sparked creation of the Superfund law, which forced polluters to pay for cleaning up abandoned toxic waste dumps. Waster: Any discarded material for which no further sale or use is intended examples: residue.

Solid waste: any unwanted or discarded material we produce that is not a liquid or gas. Municipal solid waste (MSW): produce directly from homes. Industrial solid waste: produced indirectly by industries that supply people with goods and services. Materials Discharge in a municipal Landfill: Paper and paperboard 41.0% Yard waste 17.9% Glass 8.2% Metal 8.7% Rubber, leather, textiles 8.1% Food waste 7.9% Plastic 6.5% Miscellaneous inorganic 1.6%

E-waste consists of toxic and hazardous waste such as PVC, lead, mercury, and cadmium. The U.S. produces almost half of the world's e-waste but only recycles about 10% of it. Has increase 2.8 The US sells its trash to China for recycling. Open dumps: are fields or holes in the ground where garbage is deposited and sometimes covered with soil. Mostly used in developing countries.

Sanitary landfills: solid wastes are spread out in thin layers, compacted and covered daily with a fresh layer of clay or plastic foam. Landfills features: Underlying soils Depth to groundwater Landfill liner (triple liner) Liner: A liner acts like a giant garbage bag Clay liner. Drainage Control: Surface water infiltration is drained from the landfill. Leachate: is the liquid that migrates from within a land disposal site which has come in contact with solid waste.

Solutions: Refuse: to buy items that we really dont need. Reduce: consume less and live a simpler and less stressful life by practicing simplicity. Reuse: rely more on items that can be used over and over. Repurpose: use something for another purpose instead of throwing it away. Recycle: paper, glass, cans, plasticsand buy items made from recycled materials. Superfunds: Later laws charged the EPA with cleaning up brownfields = lands whose reuse or development are complicated by the presence of hazardous materials Two events spurred creation of Superfund Hazardous waste: Solid waste or combination of solid wastes which because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical or infectious. Heavy materials: Arsenic Barium Cadmium Chromium Lead Mercury Selenium Silver

Treatment: .

Landfill or Storage Incineration or Destruction Fuel Blending Neutralization Biological Treatment

EPA Criteria: Toxicity Persistence in the environment Degradability in the environment Bioaccumulation potential Hazardous Characteristics: ignitibility, corrosivity, reactivity, Toxicity Characteristic Leachate Procedure (TCLP

Long-Term Retrievable Storage: Some highly toxic materials cannot be detoxified or destroyed. Metal drums are used to stored them in areas that can be inspected and retrieved. Secure Landfills: Sometimes hazardous waste are put into drums and buried in carefully designed and monitored sites.