. . - ...

87

2. , ,
,
, , 3. -
-
XV. XVII . (,
).
- . . ,
,
4. , , : , , , .
tapu tahrir ,
.
. ,
tapu tahrir
, .
. ,
, .

. XVXVII . tahrir ,
, .
hane ,
2
Barkan, . L. Research on the Ottoman Fiscal Surveys. In: Studies in the Economic History
of the Middle East from the rise of Islam to the Present Day. Edited by M. A. Cook. 1970, 163171;
Faroqhi, S. Rural Society in Anatolia and the Balkans during the Sixteenth Century. I part. Turcica,
IX, 1977, 1, 161195; II part. Turcica, XI, 1979, 102149; , .
XVXVI . . : -, . XVXVI .
., 1975, 549; , . Tahrir Defterleri
. , 30, 1975, 127157.
3
Lowry, H. The Ottoman Tahrir Defterleri as a Source for Social and Economic History: Pitfalls
and Limitations In: Idem. Studies in Defterology. Ottoman Society in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth
Centuries (Istanbul: Isis Press, 1992): 78; Finke, D. Towards Classiication of the Ottoman Fiscal Surveys (Tapu tahrir Defterleri, Defter-i Hakaniye), 15th and 16th centuries In: Proceedings of the XIIth
Congress of CIEPO, 1996, . 130; Venzke, M. The Ottoman Tahrir Defterleri and Agricultural Productivity. The Case for Northern Syria. Osmanl Aratrmalar, XVII, 1997, . 9.
4
Lowry, H. The Ottoman Tahrir Defterleri as a Source, 318.

. . - ...

89

7. , ,
. ,
8.
.
, ,
.
, 9.
, (),
Via Diagonalis/Via Militaris.
. e ,
, 10.
XVI .
tapu tahrir
. , .
tapu tahrir .

, .
,
11. XVI . , ,
. () tapu tahrir
1516 ., ,
,
12. () tapu tahrir , . ..., 175181.
Braudel, F. Civilization and Capitalism 15th18th century. Vol. 1. The Structure of Everyday Life,
London 1979, 7378; , . XVII ..., 532533; , .
..., 213216.
9
Braudel, F. Civilization and Capitalism..., 8388; , .
XVII ..., 534536; , . .
: B: Civitas divino humana.
, ., 2004., 339346.
10
, . . , . 27, 1888, 312323.
11
Lowry, H. Ottoman Tahrir Defterleri as a Source, 1012.
12
. . , , ,
7

90

, 2012, 34 \

1530 ., ,
13. 1570 .
tapu tahrir , , 14, 15,
.
,
.
- , .
, , .
XVI . 16.
,
,
, - XVI .

17. XVI .
Babakanlk Osmanl Arivi, stanbul (- , . ., BOA), TD 77.
13
370 Numaral Muhsebe-i Vilyet-i Rum-li Defteri (937/1530), T. C. Babakanlk Devlet
Arivreli Mdrl, Osmanl Arivi Daire Bakanl, Cilt.1, Ankara, 2001, Cilt. 2, Anakara, 2002.
(- TD 370).
14
, . ., BOA, TD 494.
15
, . ., BOA, TD 498.
16
, . 1516 . - (. ) , (. . ) ,
, (. ) (: ,
. ., BOA, TD 77, . 632). 15251530 . -
(.: , . . XVII ., ., 2008, .
56; TD 370, . 109).
, . (. , ) 1516 .
-(.: , . ., BOA, TD 77, . 764).
1570 . , , ,
( ). , , , (. : , . ., BOA, TD 498, . 424, ,
. ., BOA, TD 494, . 553, . 621, . 669), ,
, ( : . .,
BOA, TD 494, . 578, . 600).
17
. . sempling method ,
. ,
tapu tahrir -

. . - ...

91

,
18. ,
, (, ,
.).
,
: 200 . . ., 200 700 . . .
700 . . .
,
. 200 . . . -
, (. ), (. ), (. ), (. ) .
, . . -,
-
19. 700 . . .
,
, - . , 20.
(. ), / , .
.: Cogel, . Ottoman Tax Registers (Tahrir Defterleri), Historical Methods, Spring 2004,
Vol. 37. No. 2, 87100; : McGowan, B. Food Supply and Taxation on the
Middle Danube (15681579), Archivum Otomanicum, I (1969), 151153; Venzke, . The Ottoman
Tahrir Defterleri, 2429.

. X XVII . .
, . :
5 ; 6 20 ;
21 40 ; 41 80 ;
80 . , , . , .
. , .
. .: , . ..., 7173;
XVI .
, . . 1, 2 3.
18

19
, . . ., 1974, . 99;
. . . 3, 1989, . 143.
20
, . ..., . 100; ..., 143144.

92

, 2012, 34 \

(. ), (. ), (. ), (.
). 700 . . .
,
.
- ,
.

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., (. ), (. ), (. ),
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, 24. :
.
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. 1084 .,
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, , . ..., 127128; ..., 204205.
Braudel, F. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World..., 2530.
23
, . , 6466.
24
, . 68.
25
(), VII, . 1967, 4243.
21

22

. . - ...

93

XI ., XVI .
, .
, , ,
, 1000 . . , .
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1205 . , ( )
27. -, 1230 . II , 28. XIV .

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V 1344 .29 , , . , 30. ,
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31.
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XIV . , , ,
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26
, . : , .
. , 1992, XVIII, 101118; .
. ,
1994, XX, 4153.
27
. , , . . ., 2000, . 117, . 128, 135136.
28
, . , 2, . 2. ., 1911, 196197, 212; , . .
, 2, . 2. ., 1911, 231247, 245; , .,
. . VIIXIV . ., 1999, . 487.
29
, . 596.
30
. . .
, . . 8, 1930/31, . 351.
31
, . .
, . 78, 1928, . 42.
32

94

, 2012, 34 \

. ,
,

33.

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1451581)
1473 .35 ,
.
, XV .
.
, 1489 .
.
,
, . . ,
1361 .: Inalck, H.
The Conquest Of Edirne (1361). In: Archivum Ottomanicum, III. 1971, 185210; . ,
, V (13321391), , 1366 . . 1369 .,
, .: Zachariadou, E. The Conquest of Adrianople by the Turks. In: Studi Veneziani, XII, Venice,
1970, 211217; . 1369,
.: , ., . . . ,
13541571 . ., 1998, . 47.
33
Boykov, G., M. Kiprovska. The Ottoman Philippopolis (Filibe) during the Second Half of the
15th century, Bulgarian Historical Review, 34, 2000, 113114.
34
. . . - , ., 1993, 174145.
35
a e , , 94/73 17/27. : Kiprovska, M.
The military organization of akncs in Ottoman Rumalia. M Thesis, Bilkent University. Ankara,
2004, 4285. : Ibidem, p. 71, 120.

. . - ...

95

36. XVI .
,
()37.
() 38. , - ,
XV . XVI .
,
39.
XVI . , , . Tapu tahrir
1516 .
40. ,
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.
,
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), (. ), (. ), (. ),
(. )41.
XVI . (. )
(. ), ,
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. XV .
, 43.
XVI .,
, II.
1516 .
36
Boykov, G. Demographic Features of Ottoman Upper Thrace: A Case Study on Filibe, Tatar
Pazarck and stanimaka (14721614). M Thesis, Bilkent University, Ankara, 2004, 9192.
37
, . ., BOA, TD 77, . 747; TD 370, p. 89.
38
, . ., BOA, TD 498, p. 262.
39
Boykov, G. In Search of Vanished Ottoman Monuments in the Balkans: Minnetolu Mehmed
begs Complex in Konu hisar. In: Monuments, Patrons, Contexts. Papers on Ottoman Europe Presented to Machiel Kiel (eds. M. Hartmuth and A. Dilsiz). Leiden 2010, 4768; , .
. :
(
, . . ). ., 2011, 175186.
40
, . ., BOA, TD 77.
41
BOA, TD 370, p. 101.
42
TD 370, p. 102; , . ..., 183188.
43
, , - .: Boykov, G. In Search of Vanished Ottoman Monuments, 4768; . XV . .: , .
..., . 184.

96

, 2012, 34 \

(, . , . ),
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II
44 ,
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1516 .
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, , ,
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TD 370, p. 101.
. 1.
46
.
47
, . ., BOA, TD 77, 713714.
48
, . ..., . 29.
44
45

. . - ...

97

, 49. ,
50. XVI .
.
, XVI .
( ),
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) ,
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52, () 11
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49
Gkbilgin, M. T. Rumilide Yrkler, Tatarlar ve Evld-i Fatihan. stanbul, 1957; nalck, H.
The Yrks: Their Origins, Expansion and Economic Role In: Idem. The Middle East and the Balkans
under the Ottoman Empire: Essays on Economy and Society, 1993; , . . , 1982, 12, 3343; , .
. ., 2007, 6679.
50

, ., .
51
.: 1.
52
(. . ),
9 . , .
., BOA, TD 77, . 750.

98

, 2012, 34 \

.
,
53.
6,13%,
93,87%. ,

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() ,
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55.
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. -57. ,
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.

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-
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(). . VII. ., 1967, 4243.
55
XIVXV . XVI . .: , .
XVI XVII . : XV XIX .
( , . , .). , 2006, 138148; , . V . . ,
- , . 93 (12 ), 2003, 215229.
56
, . ., BOA, TD 77, . 751.
57
, . 742, Vlkain kei.
58
, . 751, , .
53

54

. . - ...

99

TD 77, : (. . ), ( . ),
(. ), / (, ),
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10. - 121
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,
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. 1.
, . ., BOA, TD 77, 775776.
61
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62
, . ., BOA, TD 77, . 774, Karye-i oilova, tabi stanmaka, rupozlardr.
63
, p. 774: , , : , , , , (?) , , , (?) , ,
, , , , , , , , , , , , ,
. : , , ,
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64
, . ..., . 132; , . ., BOA, TD 26, p. 103.
59
60

100

, 2012, 34 \

), (. )
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2664, 19,66% , 49,99% , 30,35%
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2,04% ,
.
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20 , .
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. ,
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14 .
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. 2.
67
D 370 , , , .
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66

. . - ... 101

. 420 48
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Boykov, G. In Search of vanished..., p. 58.
70
TD 370, p. 101.
71
, p. 89.
72
1516 . 4 ,
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.
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TD 370, p. 87.
68
69

102

, 2012, 34 \

.
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77
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78
.
79
BOA, MAD 519, p. 102, Cemaat-i arnavudlar ki gelb, mezkr karye-i ernevi sunurunda
mtemekin olmular.
80
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74
75

. . - ... 103

381. ,

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86.
, . ., BOA, TD 370, p. 91.
1564 .,
1572 . .: , . XVXVIII . .,
1979, . 293, . 315. .
: 1578 . 1583 .
1584 . 1587 .; 1587 .
.: , . XVXVI . ., 1989, . 339, 427, 443,
470, 492. , .
83
TD 370, p. 101.
84
: ,
1; 24, 21, 7; 1968 . .: TD 370, p. 91. : ,
60 ; 3068 . .: TD 370, p. 93.
85
TD 370, p. 101.
86
, . ., BOA, TD 498, p. 538.
81
82

104

, 2012, 34 \

-
846 , 106 14
, 28 . 2,81% 87,19% .
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.
. , .
1516 1530 .,
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87.

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,
, - .
, ,
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nalck, H. Rice Cultivation and the eltkci-reaya System in the Ottoman Empire. Turcica,
14, 1982, p. 70.
87

. . - ... 105

. 22,04% , .
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494 D 498, 1570 .89 () , , , .

88
Manastir be-nam-i kilisa-i Petri bala-i stanimaka. , . ., BOA, TD 77, p. 751;
TD 370, p. 87.
89
.: 3. , , , 1568 . .: Ilhan, M. The Process
of Ottoman Cadastral Surveys during the Second Half of 16th c. A Study based on the Documents
from Mhimme defters. In: Extras din Anuarul Institutului de Istorie si Arheologie A. D. enopol,
XXIV/1, 1987, p. 25.

106

, 2012, 34 \

. .
55
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. 3591 19,72% , 80,28% .
200 . . . 1570 . 980 66 . 539 52
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40 2,9 . , 196 190,29%,
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- . (. ) (.
) 1516 . 2491
. 2 3.
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der nehr-i Sekban mi kyarand ... , [] :...
.
90
91

. . - ... 107

1692 , . 1530 .,
: 19 ,
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1570 . -
: 18 , 2 19 93. 30
, 16
4 94. ,

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XVI . .
1516 .
11 13
, 95.
TD 370
- 1530
., 96. 1570 . .
TD 494 (. ), ,
. ,
4 , 3 (.
), 22 1 . ,
, 97. ,
92
, . ., BOA, TD 77, . 721 Karye-i Murad aa nam-i dier Ahmad beyl altkian-i karie-i mezkre ki be ark-i Konu mi kyarand .
, [] :...
93
, . ., BOA, TD 494, . 621, Karye-i Aziz beyl der nahiye-i Konu an timar-i
mezbur tabi Filibe ve haricden baz kefre gelb sakinlerdir
, . [] -, , : Geberan-i karye-i mezbure ki an haric
edand , [].
94
, . ., BOA, TD 494, 627628 Karye-i Murad aa nam-i dier Ahmad beyl...
Geberan-i karye-i mezbure ki haymaneden gelb sakin almlardr
... , [ ]
.
95
, . ., BOA, TD 77, . 714 Karye-i Korucu der Kozan tabi mezkr [Halil reis
nam-i dier Arab Ky] eltkilerdir. Giru Kozan arna ekerler [ ]. .
96
. 2.
97
, . ., BOA, TD 494, p. 669, Karye-i Korucu Kozan der nahiye-i Konu an timar-i
mezbur tabi Filibe mezkre karienin mslmanlar tarik-leyya mrad idp yerlerine haymaneden baz

108

, 2012, 34 \

.
, 1516 . ,
16 , (. )98. 1530 .
99. 1570 . a
-
, 44 100.
,
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12, 10, 9, 5, 5,
4, 4, 3103.
, 1530 1570 .

.
, XVI . -, 1570 .
, . ,
. 104.

- (. ) 105. XVI .
kefere gelb sakin olmulardr. ;
.
[ ] , .
98
, . ., BOA, TD 77, . 752, Karye-i Develi Kara reis nehrine ltk ekerler (
).
( ), . . . ,
.
99
TD 370, . 90.
100
, . ., BOA, TD 498, . 270.
101
presel , ; haymane .
102
an , an Konu, an Komad, an Arnaudlar .
103
. 4.
104
Braudel, F. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World..., Vol. I, 4447; Barkan, . L.
Research on the Ottoman Fiscal Surveys..., . 170.
105
- XVIXVII ., -

. . - ... 109

( ,
) .

, ,
, -
106. -
XVI . , ,
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.
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1570 ., :
64 50% 40 ; 39
8 ; () 4 , 3 .
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7
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,
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.,
, .
,
: 39,49%, 56,50%, 4,01%.
. : ,
. .
. :
. ., 2005, 208215.
106
, . . : .
, , , 5963. , XVI .
. . : , . -
XVII . ., 2008, 5152.
107
, . ..., 312323.
108
, . ., BOA, TD 498, p. 110.

110

, 2012, 34 \

1 .
,
: 1, 1 ( ), 1,
1, 2 1 , 1;
1; 1 . 1
, 1 1 109. - (. ).

.
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. - 13
9 , .
700 . . ., 1570 .
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211 . 39, 32
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.

, , , , p. 639.
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111
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.
113
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109
110

. . - ... 111

263 . 99 .
,
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(15201566) - .
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. ,
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114
, . Tahrir Defterleri , 140141; nalck, H. An Economic
and Social History..., . 127; , . . .,
2002, 7689.
115
, . ., , D 498, 262267.
116
(). . XX.
() . V. ., 1974, . 21, 2426.
117
, . ., , D 498, 271272.
118
, 294295.

112

, 2012, 34 \

, - 1570 .
II (15661574), 29 975 . (
1568 .) , 119.
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I .
TD 498, ,
, 121.
1570 . ,
. , ,
.
.
, .
122,
, . , . . ., 1938, 2021.
D 494 498
1570 . , -, . .: Ilhan, M. The Process of Ottoman Cadastral Surveys..., p. 25.
120
, . 20.
121
,
tapu tahrir D 498 , XVI . , . ., 1/87, , . (, . V), ., 1974, 186169,
70- . XVI .: , . ..., . 114; ,
1568 ., 1570 . (D 484 D 498). ,
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. . - ... 113

,
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9 ,
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, ,
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-
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88,38%. - -
1,97% . -
: 37 12 ; 27 ,
12 ; 35 , 7 . (. )
1530 1570 . 22 , 14
. ,
, , ,
, . ., BOA, TD 494, 553554; , . ., BOA, TD 494, 578-579.
, . ., BOA, TD 494, 600601.
125
, . ., BOA, TD 498, p. 267.
126
, p. 425, : Manastir-i Ayo Parakeve der
zemin-i da yeri der sinur-i karye-i Muldava el-mezbur .
.
127
, . ., BOA, TD 498, p. 267.
128
, p. 286.
129
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124

114

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139
Linder R. P. Nomads and Ottomans in Mediavle Anatolia. Bloomington, 1983, 6364; nalck, H.
The Yrks, 110111.
140
1576 . 83- , 40, 16, 9 . .: , . XVI, (, . III). C., 1972, 4250.
.: , ., . .
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XVI . Rhodopica, 12, 2002, 191212.
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XVIII .): : .
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Barkan, . L. Research on the Ottoman Fiscal Surveys..., . 170.
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Boykov, G. Demographic Features of Ottoman Upper Thrace:..., 7475, 90, 99.

118

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