IV

f (t ) dt <

{ f (t )} = F ( j ) =

f (t ) e

j t

dt

1. :
{ f 2 (t )} = F2 ( j )

{ f 1 (t )} = F1 ( j ) ;

{a1 f1 (t ) + a2 f 2 (t )} = a1 F1 ( j) + a2 F2 ( j)
2. :

F( j )

{ f ( t )} =

: { f ( t )} = F ( j )
3. :
j t
{ f (t t 0 )} = e 0 F ( j )

4. :

f (t ) m 0t = F ( j ( 0 ))
5. :
{ f (t )} = F ( j )
{F ( jt )} = 2f ( )
6. :
{ f (t)} = F( j) f (t ) 0 t
{ f ' (t)} = jF( j)

( n)
n
f (t ) = ( j) F ( j)

7. :

{ f (t)} = F( j)

1
F ( j ) + F ( 0 ) ( )
f ( x ) dx =
j

8. :
{ tf (t )} =

dF ( j)
d

d n F( j)
( jt) f (t) =
dn

9. :
f 1 (t ) * f 2 (t ) =

f ( ) f
1

(t )d =

f (t ) f
1

( ) d

{ f 1 (t ) * f 2 (t )} = F1 ( j ) F2 ( j )
10. :
1
1
F1 ( j ) * F2 ( j ) =
2
2

1
F1[ j ]F2 [ j ( )]d = 2

F [ j ( )]F [ j ( )]d
1

1 F1 ( j ) * F2 ( j ) = f 1 (t ) f 2 (t )
2

1.
f (t )

F ( j ) = E
t

/2

/ 2

sin

2.
f (t )

/ 2

/2

sin
E
4
F ( j ) =
2

3. Fn f (t ) T ,

F0 ( j ) f 0 (t ) = n 0 :
T

f (t ); t < 2
f 0 (t ) =
T
0; t >

F0 ( j ) = TFn | n0 =

4. :
f (t )

F ( j ) =
/ 2

/2

2 E

cos

5. :
(t )

{ (t )} = ( j ) = 1
t

6. :

f (t )
k

{k} = 2k ( )
t
7. :
x H (t )
1

X H ( j ) = ( ) +
t

1
j

8. SGN:
sgn(t )
1

{sgn(t )} =
t

2
j

9. e j0t

{ } = 2 ( )

j 0 t

10. cos( 0 t )
{cos( 0 t )} = ( 0 ) + ( + 0 )

11. :

f (t ) =

jn 0 t
F
e
=
2

F n ( 0 )

n =
n
=

12. :
T (t )
{ T (t )} =
t

2T

(t nT ) = 0

n =

( n

n =

3T

1 {F ( j )} = f (t ) =

1
2

F ( j ) e

j t

1. :
F ( j )

f (t ) = 2 Ef N

sin N t
N t

2. :
F ( j )

sin N
2
f (t ) = Ef N
Nt


f (t + T ) = f (t )
1
T - , f 0 = - ()
T
T /2

f (t ) dt < f (t )

T / 2

T T
,
2 2
.
():

a
2
0 =
f (t ) = 0 + (a n cos n 0 t + bn sin n 0 t )
T
2 n =1
T /2

an =

2
f (t ) cos(n 0 t )dt
T T/ 2

n = 0,1,2,...

T /2

2
bn =
f (t ) sin(n 0 t )dt
T T/ 2

n = 0,1,2,...

f (t ) = f (t ) bn = 0, a n =

4
T

T /2

f (t ) cos(n t )dt
0

4
f (t ) = f (t ) a n = 0, bn =
T

T /2

f (t ) sin (n t )dt
0

( ):

f (t ) = c0 + c n cos(n 0 t + n ) ,
n =1

c0 =

a0
2

bn
an

c n -
n -
():

n = arctg

c n = a n2 + bn2

f (t ) =

F e

n =

Fn =
Fn =

jn 0t

a n jbn 1 T / 2
=
f (t )e jn0t dt
2
T T/ 2
a n2 + bn2
2

bn
an

n = arctg

1. E = 1V , T = 0.1 ms
. .
f 1 (t )

=
/2

/ 2

T+

T
5

= 0.2

f 2 (t )

=
3 / 4

/ 4

f 3 (t )
E/2

T
/ 2

/2

3 t
T+
4

T
5

2
T

T+

= 0.2

T
2

= 0.5

:
)
1
f 0 = = 10 kHz , 0 = 2f 0
T

a0 1
=
2 T

T
2

f (t )dt = T E = E

T
2

f 1 (t ) bn = 0 , a n :

2
an =
T

T
2

2
T f (t ) cos(n0 t )dt = T

T
2

2 E sin(n 0 t )
T E cos(n0 t )dt = T n0

n 0
T
sin(
)
sin(
)
4E
4E
4 E sin(n )
sin(n )
2
2
an =
=
=
= 2 E

2
T
n 0
T
2
n
n
n
T
f 1 (t ) :

sin(n )
f 1 (t ) = E + 2E
cos(n 0 t )
n
n =1

f 1 (t ) = 0.2 + 0.4

sin(

n
)
5 cos(n2 10 4 t )

n
5

n =1

f 1 (t ) c n = | a n | ,

0, a 0

n
n =
, :

,
a
n < 0

cn

2 E

f0

2 f0

3 f0

4 f0

5 f0

6 f0 7 f0 8 f0

9 f 0 10 f 0

f0

2 f0

3 f0 4 f0

5 f0

6 f0 7 f0 8 f0

9 f 0 10 f 0

sin(n )
..
n

sin(n ) = 0
1
1
n I = , n I = , n I = .

() f 2 (t ) , :

a0 1
=
2 T

an =

bn =

2
T
2
T

T
2

f (t )dt = T E = E

T
2

T
2

3
4

f (t ) cos(n t )dt = T E cos(n t )dt = 2 E

0

T
2

T
2

3
4

f (t ) sin(n t )dt = T E sin(n t )dt = 2 E

0

T
2

sin(n )
n
cos
n
2

sin(n )
n
sin
n
2

f 2 (t )
f 1 (t ) f 2 (t ) = f 1(t / 4) :


n 0

sin(n )
sin(n )
f 2 (t ) = E + 2E
cos(n 0 (t )) = E + 2E
cos(n 0 t
)
n
n
4
4
n =1
n =1

sin( n )
n
f 2 (t ) = E + 2E
cos(n 0 t
)
n
2
n =1

f 2 (t ) = cos( ) = cos cos + sin sin

n
n
sin(n )
sin(n )
a n = 2 E
cos
b n = 2 E
sin
.
n
2
n
2
f 2 (t ) c n 2 = c n1

sin(n )
,
n

n 2 = n1
, [ ]m m
2 2

[0,2 ) . f 2 (t ) :
2

n2

f0

2 f0

3 f0 4 f0

5 f0

6 f0 7 f0 8 f0

9 f 0 10 f 0

) f 3 (t ) f1 (t )
1
= =
E .
2
T 2
f 3 (t ) :
n
)

sin(
sin(n )
E E
2 cos(n t ) E
f 3 (t ) = E + 2E
cos(n 0 t ) = + E
0
n
2 2
2
n
n =1
n =1
2
n
)
sin(
2 cos(n t ) . f (t )
f 3 (t ) = E
0
3
n
n =1
2
.
c n3

n3

f0

2 f0

3 f0 4 f0

f0

2 f0

3 f0 4 f 0

10

2. ,

= T .

/ 2

f (t )

/2

T+

k1t + b1 , 2 t 0
f (t ) =

k 2 t + b2 , 0 t
2

k1 = tg =
k 2 = k1 =

2
2E

2E

, b1 = E
,

b2 = E

2t

E (1 + ), 2 t 0
.
f (t ) =
2t

E (1 ), 0 t

f (t ) :
a0 1
=
2 T

T
2

1 E E
=
.
2
2

f (t )dt = T

T
2

f (t ) bn = 0 , a n :

)
sin(
2
42
2t
2
a n = f (t ) cos(n 0 t )dt = E (1 ) cos(n 0 t )dt = E

T T
T 0
n

2
2

f (t ) :

T
2

)
sin(
E
2 cos(n t )
f (t ) =
+ E
0
n
2
n =1

:
2

)
sin(
2 , = 0.
c n = E
n
n

() :
2

11

sin(
)

a n jbn a n E
2

, n = 0,1,... Fn = F*n n = 1,2,...

Fn =
=
=
2
2
2 n

)
sin(
2 = 0:
E
n

n I
2
2
= , n I = , n I = .
2

= T .. = 1 :
2

sin( )

E
2 = 0 n = ...,2,1,0,1,2,...
| Fn |=
n
2 n

Fn
E
2
2

4 f0 3 f0 2 f0 f0

f0

3 f0 4 f 0

2 f0

4 f0 3 f0 2 f0 f0

f0

3 f0 4 f0

2 f0

:
:
f1 (t )

T
2

12

f 2 (t )

/2

/ 2

1
T
2
T T

+
2 4 2 4

T
2

T+

+ 1 f 3 (t )

f 4 (t )

f 5 (t )

1
P=
T

T /2

f 2 (t )dt =

n =

P = F0 + 2 Fn
2

n =1

c n2 a 02 a n2 + bn2
=
+
4 n =1
2
n =1 2

= c02 +

:
2
S (n 0 ) = Fn n = 0,1,2,...
k
:
k

Pizl = F0 + 2 Fn
2

n =1

13

3. )
)
f N = 3.9 kHz
R = 1.
T1 = 0.5 ms

f (t )
1V

T1

T1 / 2

T1 / 2

T1

2T1

:
) T = 2T1 f (t ) = f (t ) + f (t ) ,
T
f (t ) = , f (t )
2
T
T
=
.
2
2
1
= = = .
2
:

)
sin(
E
2 cos(n t )
f (t ) =
+ E
0
n
2
n =1

)
sin(
2

, n = 0
c n = E
n

sin( n )
T
sin( n )
f (t ) = E + 2E
cos(n 0 (t )) = E + 2E
cos(n 0 t n )
n
2
n
n =1
n =1
cos(n 0 t n ) = cos(n 0 t ) cos(n ) = ( 1) n cos(n 0 t ) :
2

f (t ) = E + 2E (1) n
n =1

sin( n )
cos(n 0 t ).
n

sin(n )

n ,
0

sin(n )
n

, n =
.
c n = 2E
sin(n )
n
n ,
<0
n

sin( n )
T
sin( n )
f (t ) = E + 2E
cos(n 0 (t )) = E + 2E
cos(n 0 t n )
n
2
n
n =1
n =1

14

sin(
)

3E
1
n sin( n )

f (t ) = f (t ) + f (t ) =
+ 2E
+ ( 1)
cos(n 0 t )

n
2
n
n =1 2

2

n
n

sin( )
sin( )

3
1
4 + (1) n
2 cos( 2n t ).
f (t ) = +

n
n
4 n =1 2
T

4
2

:
Fn = Fn + Fn
Fn =

Fn

c n j n
e , n = 0,1,... Fn = F*n n = 1,2,... .. Fn
2

sin( )
1
4
=
n

c
1
= n e j n , n = 0,1,... Fn = F*n n = 1,2,... .. Fn =
2
2

sin(

n
)
2 e j n .

n
2

) f (t )
n
= n kHz
T
f N , F3 , F 2 , F1 , F0 , F1 , F2 , F3 .
F 0=

1 1
+ = 0.75
4 2

2
sin
sin
2 2
1
1
1
1 2
2 1
j ( 0 )
4
2
+
+
F 1=
e
=
(

1
)
=
= 0.115 = 0.115e j
2

4
2
4
2

2
4
*
j
F 1 = F1 = 0 . 115 e
= 0 . 115 e j
2

sin

1
2
F 2=

+ 1 sin e j ( 0 2 ) = 1 2 + 1 0 (1) = 1 = 0.1013 = 0.1013e j 0

2
4
2

F 2 = F2* = 0.1013 = 0.1013e j 0

15

sin

1
4
F 3=

3
4

2
sin

2 2
1
1
2
2
1
1
j
(

)
2
+
+
e
=
(1) =
+
= 0.1286 = 0.1286e j 0
2

3
2
4 3
2 3
3

2
2

F 3= F3* = 0.1286 = 0.1286e j 0

:
f izl (t ) =

F e

jn0 t

n = 3

= 0.75 +

F e

n = 3

n =1

n =1

n =1

+ Fn e jn0t = 0.75 + F n e jn0t + Fn e jn0t

jn0 t

F n = Fn , n = n
3

n =1

n =1

n =1

f izl (t ) = 0.75 + Fn e j ( n0t + n ) + Fn e j ( n0t + n ) = 0.75 + 2 Fn cos(n 0 t + n )

:
S (n 0 ) = Fn

n = 0,1,2,...

:
Pizl = F0

+ 2 Fn
n =1

= F0

+ 2 Fn
n =1

= S (0) + 2 S (n 0 ) = 0.643W .
n =1

:

, = 1ms. f 0 2 f 0
c1 = 9 V c 2 = 6 V . f N = 3.5 kHz.

.

4. :
1; t / 2
f (t ) = p (t ) cos( 0 t ) p (t ) =
.
0
;
t
>

/
2

16

f (t )
1

/2

/ 2

:
:
F ( j ) =

f (t )e jt dt =

/2

/2

/2

/ 2

jt
cos( 0 t )e dt = 2 cos( 0 t ) cos(t )dt =

( 0 )
( + 0 )
sin
sin

2
2
F ( j ) =
+

(
+
)
(

2
0
0 )

(cos(

+ )t + cos( 0 + )t )dt

:
f (t ) = p (t ) cos( 0 t ) = p (t )

1 j 0 t
1
1
e
+ e j0t = p (t )e j0t + p (t )e j0t
2
2
2

1
1
1
1
p (t )e j0t + p (t )e j0t = F ( j ( 0 )) + F ( j ( + 0 ))
2
2
2
2
( 0 )
( + 0 )
sin
sin

2
2
F ( j ) =
+
(

)
(

2
2
0
0 )
2
2
F ( j ) =

F ( j )

F ( j )

/2

:
f (t ) = p (t ) cos( 0 t ) :
1
1
{p (t )}* {cos( 0 t )} =
F ( j ) * [ ( 0 ) + ( + 0 )]
F ( j ) =
2
2

17

 X ( j ) * ( 0 ) = X ( j ( 0 )) :
F ( j ) =

[F ( j ( 0 )) + F ( j ( + 0 ))] = 1 [F ( j ( 0 )) + F ( j ( + 0 ))]
2
2

5. F ( j ) f (t ) .
f (t ) .
F ( j )

1
0 N

0 0 + N

0 N

0 + N

:
F ( j ) = FN ( j ( 0 )) + FN ( j ( + 0 ))
f (t ) = 11{F ( j )}
f (t ) = {FN ( j ( 0 )) + FN ( j ( + 0 ))}
f (t ) = f N (t )e j0t + f N (t )e j0t = 2 f N (t ) cos 0 t

f N (t ) = 2 f N

sin N t
N t

f (t ) = 4 f N

sin N t
cos 0 t
N t

f N (t ) 0 .
f (t ) :
FN ( j )

f N (t )

f (t )

2 cos(0t )

18

f (t )

4 fN

2 fN

1
2 fN

:
F ( j ) f (t ) .
f (t ) .
F ( j )

0 0 + N

0 N

0 N

0 + N

6. ) y (t )
x(t ) h(t ) .
) 1 = 2 .
h(t )

x(t )
1

2 > 1

:
x(t )

H ( j )

y (t )

H ( j ) . :
1. : Y ( j ) = X ( j ) H ( j ) , H ( j ) = {h(t )}, h(t )
..
x(t ) = (t ).

19

y (t ) =

1
2

Y ( j ) e

jt

2. t : y (t ) = x(t ) * h(t ) =

x( )h(t )d =

h( ) x(t )d

)
x( )

y (t ) =

x( )h(t )d

h(t )
1

t 2

t<0

y (t ) = 0

0 t 1

y (t ) = d = t

1 t 2

y (t ) = d = 1

h(t )

1
t

t 2

h(t )
1
1

t 2
1

1 t

h(t )

t 2

2 t 2 + 1 y (t ) =

d =

+ 2 t

t 2

h(t )
1

1 + 2 < t
1

t 2

y (t ) = 0

20

y (t )

1 + 2

1 2

1 = 2 =

Y ( j ) = X ( j ) H ( j ) X ( j ) = H ( j ) =

sin

2 e j 2

sin

2 e j Y ( j )
Y ( j ) = 2

2
, ,
y (t ) .
:
2

,
sin

E ,
4 , Y ( j ) , = 2 , E = ,
F ( j ) =
2 '

4
. y (t ) :

y (t )

7. T = 1 ms, E = 1V = 0.25 ms
()
( ) = 0.

R = 1 .

21

A( )

, N
1
A( ) = N
0,
> N

f N = 5 kHz

:
1 :
sin( n )
cos(n 0 t )
n
n =1

x(t ) = E + 2E

Fnx = E

= 0.25

E = 1V

sin(n )
, :
n

sin(n )

= E
n = 0,1,...
n

S x (n 0 ) = Fnx

S x ( n 0 )

(E )2

Px =

T
2

(t )dt = E 2 = 0.25W

T
2

.. :
:

22

U 1 cos(1t )

U 1 A(1 ) cos(1t (1 ))

A( )e j ( )

x1 (t ) = U 1 cos(1t ) ,
X 1 ( j ) = U 1 ( ( 1 ) + ( + 1 )) . x1 (t )
H ( j ) = A( )e j ( ) :
Y1 ( j ) = X 1 ( j ) H ( j ) = U 1 ( ( 1 ) + ( + 1 )) A( )e j ( )
Y1 ( j ) = U 1 A(1 )e j (1 ) ( 1 ) + U 1 A(1 )e j ( 1 ) ( + 1 )
:
A( ) = A( ) ( ) = ( ) ,
Y1 ( j ) = U 1 A(1 )e j (1 ) ( 1 ) + U 1 A(1 )e j (1 ) ( + 1 )
U A(1 ) j (1 ) j1t U 1 A(1 ) j (1 ) j1t U 1 A(1 ) j (1t (1 ))
y1 (t ) = 1
e
e +
e
e
=
e
+ e j (1t (1 ))
2
2
2
y1 (t ) = U 1 A(1 ) cos(1t (1 ))

sin(n )
y (t ) = EA(0) + 2E
A(n 0 ) cos(n 0 t (n 0 ))
n
n =1

sin( n ) n 0
1
n
N
n =1
3

y (t ) = E 1 + 2E
Fny = E

F1 y

F2 y

( n 0 ) = 0

sin(n ) n 0
1

n
N
2

S y (n 0 ) = Fny
F0 y

cos(n 0 t ) ;

= ( A(n 0 ) ) Fnx
2

= E = 0.0625
2

sin

4 1 0
= E

4
sin

= 0.0324

2 1 2 0 = 0.0091
= E

2
3
4 1 3 0
= E

3
N

4
2

F3 y

Py = F0 y

sin

+ 2 Fny
n =1

= F0 y

= 0.0009

+ 2 Fny
n =1

= S y (0) + 2 S y (n 0 ) = 0.147 W .
n =1

23

8.
, x H (t ).
. = 10 s
E = 5V . ,
,
.
: S i (x ) .
y H (t )

10

S i (x)

0,5 t 0

t[ms ]

*
:
x H (t ) y H (t ) .
x H (t )

y H (t )

H ( j )

H ( j ) = A( )e j ( )

YH ( j ) = H ( j ) X H ( j ) X H ( j ) =

y H (t ) =

1
2

1
y H (t ) =
2
=

1
2

j t
Y H ( j ) e d =

1
2

j + ( ) A( )e

( j ) H ( j )e jt d

j ( )

e j t d

j ( ) jt
( ) A( )e e d +

y H (t ) =

1
+ ( )
j

A(0)e j ( 0)
1
+
2
2

1
2

1
A(0)e j ( 0)
1
j ( ) j t
A

e
e
d

=
+
(
)
j
2
2

A( )e j[t ( )]
d

A( )(cos(t ( )) + j sin(t ( )))

d
j

A( ) j , cos(t ( ))
A( ) cos(t ( ))

(
j
,
),
0 :

24

y H (t ) =

A(0)e j ( 0)
1
+
2
2

A( ) sin(t ( ))

d =

H ( j ) = H N ( j ) = A( )e j

A(0)e j ( 0 ) 1
+

2
N

A( ) sin(t ( ))

N ( )

A0

y H (t ) =

A0 1
+
2

sin( (t t 0 ))

t 0

A0 1
+
2
x

S i ( x) =
0

N ( t t 0 )

A0

(t t 0 ) = z d =

y H (t ) =

( )

A( )

1 1
sin( z )
dz = A0 +
z
2

N (t t0 )

dz
:
(t t 0 )

sin( z )
dz
z

sin( z )
dz
z

1 1

y H (t ) = A0 + S i ( N (t t 0 ))
2

sin x
x

S i (x)

25

1 1
A
y H (t = t 0 ) = A0 + S i (0) = 0
2
2
1 1

y H (t ) = A0 + S i () = A0
2

y H (t ) = A0 A0 = 10 , y H (t = t 0 ) = A0
2

t 0 = 0.75 ms , :
10, N
AN ( ) =
0, > N

( ) = 0.75 10 3 .

f N :
A
tg = 0 , v = 0.5 ms

tg =

tg =

A0

A0

dy H (t )
dt t =t0
N

A0
0

A0 1 N sin( (t t 0 ))

d (sin( (t t 0 )))
d
+ A0
d
2
1 N

0
=
dt
=
A0
d

dt

cos( (t t 0 ))
1
d =

N v =

cos( (t t 0 ))d =

A0 sin( N (t t 0 ))
A
= 0 N

t t0
t =t
0

1
f N = 1kHz.
2 fN

.
:
:

x(t ) = Ex H (t + ) Ex H (t )
2
2

x(t )

y (t ) = Ey H (t + ) Ey H (t )
2
2

1 1

1 1

y (t ) = EA0 + S i ( N (t + t 0 )) EA0 + S i ( N (t t 0 ))
2
2
2

y (t ) = EA0 S i ( N (t + t 0 )) S i ( N (t t 0 ))
2
2

26

 :
X ( j ) = E

sin

Y ( j ) = X ( j ) H ( j ) = E

sin

2 A e jt0
0
N

1
y (t ) =
2

y (t ) =

1
j t
Y ( j )e d = 2

EA

sin

cos (t t 0 )

sin

2 A e jt0 e jt d = 2
0

2
2

d =

EA0

E
0

sin

2 A cos (t t )d
0
0

1
) sin( (t t 0 )
)
sin( (t t 0 ) +
2
2
2

sin( (t t 0 + ))
N sin( (t t 0 ))
EA0 N
2 d
2 d
y (t ) =

0
0

y (t ) =

EA0

S i N (t t 0 + ) S i N (t t 0 )
2
2

27


{ f (t ) cos( 0 t )} = 1 F [ j ( 0 )] + 1 F [ j ( + 0 )]
2
2
F [ j ( )] = 0 > m .. F [ j ( )] m , :

F ( j )

1
F[ j ( + 0 )]
2

0 m

1
F [ j ( 0 )]
2

0 + m

0 m

0 + m

9. 1 N :
y = a1 x + a 2 x 2 + a 3 x 3

x y , a1 , a 2 a 3 .
u m (t ) 0 f m .
) f 0
f d f g .
? f m = 4 kHz, u m (t ) max = 1V , a1 = 1, a 2 = 0.5
a 3 = 0.

) u m (t ) = cos m t , f m = 1kHz, f 0 = 100 kHz, f d = 96 kHz, f g = 104 kHz, a1 = 1, a 2 = 0.5

a 3 = 0.25 .
.
) 2 2
f d = f 0 f m , f g = f 0 + f m f 0 > 4 f m .
u m (t )
x

~
~
~

fd fg

cos 0 t

1
+

u m (t )

cos 0 t

y1
+

y2

~
~
~

fd f g

28

:
)

x (t ) = cos 0 t + u m (t )

X ( j )

( + 0 )

( 0 )

y (t ) = a1 x(t ) + a 2 x 2 (t ) = a1u m (t ) + a1 cos 0 t + a 2 u m2 (t ) + 2a 2 u m (t ) cos 0 t + a 2

1
1
+ a 2 cos 2 0 t
2
2

a 2

a1 ( 0 )

a 2 ( )

a1U m ( j )
a2

a2U m [ j ( 0 )]

{u

2
m

( 2 0 )

(t )

2 m 0 m

0 + m

20

{u m2 (t )} :
{u m (t ) u m (t )} = 1

U [ j ]U [ j ( )]d
m

U m [ j ( )]

U m ( j )

m + m

U m [ j ( )]

m m

+ m

U m ( j ) U m [ j ( )]
2 m .. {u m2 (t )}
2 m .

{u m2 (t )} U m [ j ( 0 )]
. :
f 0 f m 2 f m .. f 0 3 f m
f 0 min = 3 f m = 12 kHz.

0 .
..

29

f d = f 0 f m = 8 kHz

f g = f 0 + f m = 16 kHz

:
2a

u KAM (t ) = a1 cos 0 t + 2a 2 u m (t ) cos 0 t = a1 1 + 2 u m (t ) cos 0 t

a1

u KAM (t ) = U 0 [1 + m0 m(t )]cos 0 t ,

u m (t )
. u m (t ) u m (t ) max = 1,
m(t ) =
u m (t ) max
m0 =

2a 2
u m (t ) max = 1.
a1

)
a
a
1
1
+ a 2 cos 2 0 t + 2 + 2 cos 2 m t + a 2 cos( 0 m )t
2
2
2
2
9
1
3
3
3
+ a 2 cos( 0 + m )t + a 3 cos m t + a 3 cos 3 m t + a 3 cos( 0 2 m )t + a 3 cos( 0 + 2 m )t + a 3 cos(2 0 m )t
4
4
4
4
4
y (t ) = a1 x(t ) + a 2 x 2 (t ) + a 3 x 3 (t ) = a1 cos m t + a1 cos 0 t + a 2

3
1
9
+ a 3 cos(2 0 + m )t + a 3 cos 3 0 t + a 3 cos 0 t
4
4
4
Y ( j )

3 m

2 96 2
2 104
0 0 + 2 m
0
m

2 0

3 0

y (t )
f d f g :
9
3
3

u i (t ) = a1 + a 3 cos 0 t + a 2 cos( 0 m )t + a 2 cos( 0 + m )t + a 3 cos( 0 2 m )t + a 3 cos( 0 + 2 m )t

4
4
4

:
9
9

u KAM (t ) = a1 + a3 cos 0 t + a 2 cos( 0 m )t + a 2 cos( 0 + m )t = a1 + a 3 cos 0 t + 2a 2 cos m t cos 0 t

4
4

2a 2

9
9

u KAM (t ) = a1 + a 3 + 2a 2 cos m t cos 0 t = a1 + a 3 1 +

cos m t cos 0 t
9
4
4

a1 + a 3

m0 =

2a 2
= 0.64
9

a1 + a 3
4

30

)
3

y1 (t ) = a n (cos( 0 t ) + u m (t ) )

n =1
3

y 2 (t ) = a n (cos( 0 t ) u m (t ) )

n =1

y (t ) = y1 (t ) y 2 (t ) = 2a1u m (t ) + 2a 3u m3 (t ) + 4a 2 u m (t ) cos( 0 t ) + 6a3u m (t ) cos 2 ( 0 t )

y (t ) = (2a1 + 3a 3 )u m (t ) + 2a 3u m3 (t ) + 4a 2 u m (t ) cos( 0 t ) + 3a 3u m (t ) cos(2 0 t )

y (t ) :
Y ( j )

(2a1 + 3a3 )U m ( j )

2a2U m [ j ( 0 )]

3
a3U m [ j ( 20 )]
2

2a3 u m3 (t )

3 m 0 m

0 + m

20

:
1. 0 m 3 m .. 0 4 m
2. 2 0 m 0 + m .. 0 2 m .

10. 1 .
u m (t ) 0 f m = 4 kHz
-1 V 1V .
U = 2 V ,
2
1
60 kHz =
ms .. = .
60
2
f d = 56 kHz
f g = 64 kHz , Rv >> R. u (t ),
2.

31

ud
id
+

u m (t )
v(t )

u 0 (t )

R
900

~
~
~

u (t )

1
id
10 mA

1V
2

ud

:
2 Rd =

1V
= 100 .
10 10 3 A

U > u m (t ) u 0 (t ) > 0, u 0 (t ) < 0.

:
1) u 0 (t ) > 0 D , :
R
v(t ) =
[u m (t ) + u 0 (t )]
R + Rd
2) u 0 (t ) < 0 D , :
v(t ) = 0.

c(1,0) (
) v(t ) :
v(t ) =

R
[u m (t ) + u 0 (t )] c(1,0)
R + Rd

32

c (1,0)
1

T
2

/2

/ 2

= 0.5

:
u 0 (t ) = U c(1)
c(1)

/2

/ 2

T
2

v(t ) =

= 0.5

R
R
u m (t )c(1,0) +
U c(1)c(1,0)
R + Rd
R + Rd

c(1)c(1,0) = c(1,0) :
v(t ) =

R
R
R
u m (t )c(1,0) +
U c(1,0) =
[u m (t ) + U ]c(1,0)
R + Rd
R + Rd
R + Rd

c(1,0) :
sin(n )
1
cos(n 0 t ) = +
2 n =1
n
n =1

c(1,0) = E + 2E

sin(

n
)
2 cos(n t )
0

n
2

(2k + 1)
sin
1
1 2(1) k
2
c(1,0) = +
cos[(2k + 1) 0 t ] = +
cos[(2k + 1) 0 t ]
2 k = 0 (2k + 1)
2 k = 0 (2k + 1)
2

v(t ) :

v(t ) =

R
[u m (t ) + U ] 1 + 2(1) cos[(2k + 1) 0 t ]
R + Rd
2 n =0 (2k + 1)

33

V ( j )

Rd + R
R
1
U m ( j )
2

0 m

1
U m [ j ( 30 )]
3

U m [ j ( 0 )]

0 + m

30

0 , :
u (t ) =

R
[u m (t ) + U ] 2 cos 0 t = R 2U

R + Rd
R + Rd

u m (t )
u m (t )
1 + U cos 0 t = 1.151 + U cos 0 t

..

u m (t ) max
U

1 1
= = 0.5 = 50%
U 2

sin m
2
11. u m (t ) = f m

mt

H VF ( j ) 1, 2.
1
u l (t ) = cos 0 t.

(NF) f m .
) u i (t )
) u i (t ).
H VF ( jf )
1

1/ 2

f0

fm
2

f0

f0 +

fm
2

f
f0 + fm

1
u m (t )

u1 (t )

cos 0 t

u3 (t )

u 2 (t )

u i (t )

cos 0 t

34

:
u m (t ) :
U m ( j )
1

u1 (t ) = u m (t ) cos 0 t

1
1
U 1 ( j ) = U m [ j ( 0 )] + U m [ j ( + 0 )]
2
2
1
1
U 2 ( j ) = U 1 ( j ) H VF ( j ) = U m [ j ( 0 )]H VF ( j ) + U m [ j ( + 0 )]H VF ( j )
2
2
u 2 (t ) = u 2 (t )
U 3 ( j ) =

cos 0 t

1
1
U 2 [ j ( 0 )] +
U 2 [ j ( + 0 )]
2
2

1
1
U m [ j ( 2 0 )]H VF [ j ( 0 )] +
U m ( j ) H VF [ j ( + 0 )]
4
4
1
1
+
U m ( j ) H VF [ j ( 0 )] +
U m [ j ( + 2 0 )]H VF [ j ( + 0 )]
4
4

U 3 ( j ) =

U i ( j ) = U 3 ( j ) H NF ( j )

.. U m ( j ). H VF ( j ) = H VF ( jf ) | ,
f=

H ( jf ) .
U i ( j ) = U 3 ( j ) H NF ( j ) =

1
U m ( j )(H VF [ j ( 0 )] + H VF [ j ( + 0 )])H NF ( j )
4

35

H VF [ j ( 0 )] + H VF [ j ( + 0 )]
1

2 0

2 0

(H VF [ j ( 0 )] + H VF [ j ( + 0 )])H NF ( j )
1

2 0

2 0

, :
U i ( j ) =

1
U m ( j )
4

:
u i (t ) =

1
u m (t )
4

) :

E=

1
2

U ( j )
i

d =

1
2

3 m

1 ( m )
=
16 3
3 m2

2 1
4 0 m
2

=
0

1 1
d =

) d ( m )
2

m2

f
m
1
1
= m2 .
m3 =
3
2
3
16 3 m
16 3 24

12. u m (t ) 1
u 0 (t ) = U cos 0 t.
u m (t )
1

t[ms ]

36


:
) u m (t )
1V 20 [rad ].
) u m (t ) ,
1V 20 kHz.
:
) :
u (t ) = U 0 cos[ 0 t + i (t )]

:
i (t ) = k u m (t ) ,
i (t ) = 0 t + i (t ) = 0 (t ) + i (t ) .
i (t ) = k u m (t ) = k u m (t ) max m(t ) = 0 m(t )
0 = k u m (t ) max .

:
k =

0
20
rad
=
= 20
u m (t ) max
1
V

i :

i =

d i (t )
d i (t )
du (t )
= 0 +
= 0 + k m
= 0 + i
dt
dt
dt

f i = f 0 + f i

f i =

0 < t < 1 ms
1
1 di (t ) 10 4 ,
i =
=
4
2
2 dt
10 , 1 ms < t < 2 ms
i (t )

20 103 t [rad ]

f i (t ) [kHz]

(2 10 3 t ) 20 [rad ]

20

10
t[ms ]
1

t[ms ]

10

37

) :

f i = k f u m (t )

f i = k f u m (t ) max m(t ) = f 0 m(t )

f 0 = k f u m (t ) max -
kf =

f 0
20 [kHz ]
kHz
=
= 20

u m (t ) max
1 [V ]
V
f i (t )

20103 t [kHz ]

(2 10 3 t ) 20 [kHz ]

20 kHz

t[ms]

:
t
6
0 t 1 ms
10 d ,
t
0
i = 2 f i ( )d = 40 103
t

10 6 d + 2 10 3 10 3 d , 1 ms < t 2 ms

0
10 3

t2 6
0 t 1 ms
10 ,
i = 40 2
1 + 2t10 3 2 t 2 10 6 + 1 , 1 ms < t 2 ms
2
2
t2 6
0 t 1 ms
10 ,
2
i = 40
1
t2
1
+ 2t10 3 2 10 6 + , 1 ms < t 2 ms
2
2
2

20t 2 10 6 ,
0 t 1 ms

i =
t
3
6

40 2t10 2 10 1, 1 ms < t 2 ms

38

i (t )
40
20

t[ms]
1

13. u 0 (t ) = U 0 cos 0 t
u m (t ) = U m cos m t. k f = 5

kHz
,
V

rad
.
V
)
B1 = 24 kHz, B2 = 20 kHz.
.
)
,
?

k = 2

) u FM (t ) = U 0 cos 0 t + 2k f

2k f U m

(t )dt = U 0 cos 0 t +
sin ( m t )
2f m

k fUm

sin ( m t )
u FM (t ) = U 0 cos 0 t +
fm

(
) B = 2(f 0 + f m ) f m ,
f 0 .
,
B = 2 f m (m + 1) , m .
k fUm
f
m =
.. m = 0 , :
fm
fm

k fUm

B1 = 2 f m 0 + 1 = 2 f m
+ 1.
fm

fm

u M (t ) = U 0 cos[ 0 t + k u m (t )] = U 0 cos[ 0 t + k U m cos( m t )]

m = k U m .. m = 0 ,

39

B2 = 2 f m ( 0 + 1) = 2 f m (k U m + 1) f m =

B2
2(k U m + 1)

B2

B1 = 2(k f U m + f m ) = 2 k f U m +

(
)
2
k
U
+
1
m

U m1 = 2 V U m 2 = 0.1V
.
B2
U m = 2 V f m =
f m = 2 kHz.
2(k U m + 1)
) f m B 1 = B2 :

k fUm

2 f m
+ 1 = 2 f m (k U m + 1)
fm

:
fm =

kf
k

14.

= 2.5 kHz.

.
(50 15000) Hz
U max = 0.5V . U 0 = 2.5V f 0 = 200 kHz.
)
1
y (t ) = x(t )dt , 0,5.

) r ,
f p B
f 0' = 10.7 MHz ,

f 0' = 75 kHz.
) ?
U 0 cos 0 t

~
~
~

/2

u m (t )

A'

cos p t

y (t )

k u = 0.4

40

:
u m (t ) = U m cos( m t ); y (t ) =

) u A (t ) = U 0 cos 0 t U 0

U k
u A (t ) = U 0 1 + m u
m

x(t )dt = U

Um

cos( m t )dt =

Um

sin ( m t )

k u sin m t sin 0 t

* 44
64
47
8

U
k
sin 2 m t cos 0 t + arctg m u sin m t
m

*
arctg ( x) x :

u A (t ) = U 0

U k
1 + m u
m

U k
sin 2 m t cos 0 t + m u sin m t .
m

(t ) =
m =

U m ku

U m ku

sin m t.

. m

r.
m =

U m ku

< 0.5 m

m .. :
U m ku

min

= 0 .5 =

U m ku
U m ku
=
= 1.27 ms.
0.5 mmin 0.5 2f mmin

f 0 0 U m k u
=
=

fm
m
m
1 U m ku
: f 0 =
= 25 Hz (
2
f 0
m = 0.5 =
.. f 0 = 0.5 f mmin = 0.5 50 = 25 ).
f mmin
) : m =

r .
..
f 0' = rf 0 = 75 kHz r =

f 0'
= 3000.
f 0

41

 f 0 :
rf 0 = 600 MHz.

f 0' = 10,7 MHz :

f p = rf 0 f 0' = 600 10.7 = 589,3 MHz

B = 2(f 0' + f mmax ) = 180 kHz.

) u A (t ) max = U 0

U k
1+ m u
m
min

= 1.118U 0

u A (t ) min = U 0

1.118U 0 U 0
= 11.18%
U0

42


15. f 0 = 1 MHz f m = 1 kHz
m0 = 0.8.
- ,
:
)
) (DA);

, p N = 4 10 18 W / Hz. - S/N V
I, .
u KAM (t )

u1

~
~
~

~
~

VF

NF

n(t )
AVF ( f )

ANF ( f )

0.9
f0 5

f0 2 f0

f0 + 2

f0 + 5

f [kHz ]

f [kHz ]
4

:
u KAM (t ) = U 0 (1 + m0 cos m t ) cos 0 t = U 0 cos 0 t +

U 0 m0
U m
cos( 0 + m )t + 0 0 cos( 0 m )t
2
2

(VF)
:
u v (t ) = U 0 AVF ( 0 ) cos[ 0 t VF ( 0 ) ] +
+

U 0 m0
AVF ( 0 + m ) cos[( 0 + m )t VF ( 0 + m )]
2

U 0 m0
AVF ( 0 m ) cos[( 0 m )t VF ( 0 + m )]
2

u v (t ) = U 0 cos[ 0 t ] +

U 0 m0
U m
cos( 0 + m )t + 0 0 cos( 0 m )t
2
2

AVF ( 0 m ) = AVF ( 0 + m ) = AVF ( 0 ) = 1,

VF ( 0 m ) = VF ( 0 + m ) = VF ( 0 ) = 0
U 0 m0
U m
cos( 0 + m )t + 0 0 cos( 0 m )t .
2
2
U2
cos i t R PS = max ,
2R

s (t ) = U max

43

 PSV

m02U 02
m 2U 2
=2 4 = 0 0 .
2R
4R

)
uv

ui

U l cos 0 t
u1 (t ) = u v (t )U l cos 0 t = U 0U l cos 2 0 t +

u1 (t ) =
+

U 0 m0
U m
U l cos 0 t cos( 0 + m )t + 0 0 U l cos 0 t cos( 0 m )t
2
2

U 0U l U 0U l
U m
U m
U m
+
cos 2 0 t + 0 0 U l cos( m )t + 0 0 U l cos(2 0 + m )t + 0 0 U l cos(2 0 m )t
2
2
4
4
4

U 0 m0
U l cos( m )t
4

u1 (t ) =

U 0U l U 0U l
U m
U m
U m
+
cos 2 0 t + 0 0 U l cos m t + 0 0 U l cos(2 0 + m )t + 0 0 U l cos(2 0 m )t
2
2
2
4
4

u1 (t )
(NF). u I (t )
U I ( j ) = H NF ( j )U 1 ( j ).
U 0U l
U U
U mU
ANF (0) + 0 l ANF (2 0 ) cos[2 0 t NF ( 2 0 ) ] + 0 0 l ANF ( m ) cos[ m t NF ( m ) ]
2
2
2
U 0 m 0U l
+
ANF ( 2 0 + m ) cos[(2 0 + m )t NF ( 2 0 + m ) ]
4
U mU
+ 0 0 l ANF ( 2 0 m ) cos[(2 0 m )t NF ( 2 0 m )]
4

u I (t ) =

:
ANF (0) = ANF ( m ) = 1
ANF ( 2 0 ) = ANF ( 2 0 + m ) = ANF (2 0 m ) = 0

NF (2 0 ) = NF ( m ) = NF (2 0 + m ) = NF (2 0 m ) = 0

:
u I (t ) =

U 0U l U 0 m 0U l
+
cos m t.
2
2

44

U 0 m 0U l
cos m t ,
2
2
1 U 0 m 0U l
U
PI =

. D p = l
2R
2

1

2
PI =
D p (U 0 m0 ) .

2
R

:
U 0

U KAM ( )
U 0 m0
2

0
0 2 1k 0 + 2 1k

0
0 2 1k 0 + 2 1k
1

AVF ( )

0.9

0
0 2 5k
0 + 2 5k
0 2 2k 0 + 2 2k

0
0 + 2 5k
0 2 5k
0 2 2k 0 + 2 2k

U v ( )

U 0

U 0m0
2

0
0 2 1k 0 + 2 1k

0
0 2 1k 0 + 2 1k

U 1 ( )

U 0U l

U 0 m0U l
2

20

20

m
1

ANF ( )

U 0U l

U I ( )
U 0 m0U l
2

ANF ( ) = ANF ( 2f ) AVF ( ) = AVF ( 2f ).
.
VF :
p , f 0
.
pN ( f ) = N
0, f < 0

45

pN

VF

p NV ( f ) = p N ( f ) H VF ( jf )
p NV ( f )

pN

0.81 p N

f0 5

f0 2 f0

f0 + 2

f0 + 5

f [kHz ]

VF :

PNV = p NV ( f )df =
0

f 0 +5

NV

( f )df = 2

f 0 5

f0 2

f 0 5

0.9 df + 2
2

f0

12 df = 35.44 10 15 W .

f0 2

2
Ul
f 0 D p = .
2
, p N 1 ( f ) :
p N1 ( f )

pN Dp

0.81 p N D p

0.81 p N D p

pN Dp

2 f 0 5 2 f 0 2 2 f 0 2 f 0 + 2 2 f 0 + 5 f [kHz ]

,
.

46

pN1 ( f )

2 pN Dp

2 0.81 p N D p
0.81 p N D p

2 f 0 5 2 f 0 2 2 f 0 2 f 0 + 2 2 f 0 + 5 f [kHz ]

pN Dp

NF,
:
p NI ( f ) = p N 1 ( f ) H NF ( jf )

p NI ( f )
2 pN D p

2 0.81 p N D p

f [kHz ]

4 5

PNI = p NI ( f )df = D p 2 p N df + D p 2 p N 0.9 2 df + D p 2 p N 0.9 2 (5 f ) 2 df = 31.12 10 15 D p

(m0U 0 )
P
S
= sv =
15
N V PNV 4 R 35.44 10
2

(m0U 0 )
P
S
= SI =
15
N I PNI 2 R 31.12 10
2

S
S
= 2.28
N I
N V
) ,
S
S
D p , D p = 1. = 2.28 .
N I
N V

47

16. -1 .

.
( f 1 , f 2 ). H ( j )
/ 2, .. . F1, F2 F3
A( ) = 1 A( ) = 0
( ) = 0, .
:
u1SO (t ) = U 0 cos 0 t + u m (t ) cos 0 t u m (t ) sin 0 t.

p N , :
) u i (t );
) (S / N )i ,
u m (t ) = U m cos m t , f 1 < f m< f 2 .
: F2.
H ( j )

y1

F1

u1SO (t )

F3

~
~
~

y4
F2

f 0 f1 f 0 + f 2

~
~
~

n(t )

y2

SGN

y3

~
~

ui (t )

0 f2

f 0 f1 f 0 + f1

:
F1 u1SO (t ) (
u m (t ) cos 0 t + U 0 cos 0 t ).
:
u1 (t ) = U 0 sin 0 t + u m (t ) sin 0 t + u m (t ) cos 0 t.
:
x(t ) cos 0 t * h(t ) = x(t ) sin 0 t x(t ) sin 0 t * h(t ) = x(t ) cos 0 t
:
1
1

{x(t ) cos 0 t * h(t )} = X ( 0 ) + X ( + 0 ) H ( j )

2
2

1
1
1
1

= X ( 0 ) + X ( + 0 ) ( j sgn ) = X ( 0 )( j sgn ) + X ( + 0 )( j sgn )

2
2
2
2

=j

1
1
1
1
X ( 0 ) + j X ( + 0 ) =
X ( 0 )
X ( + 0 )
2
2
j2
j2

48


e j0t e j0t 1
1
{x(t ) sin 0 t } = x(t )
X ( 0 )
X ( + 0 )
=
2j
j2

j2
x(t ) cos 0 t * h(t ) = x(t ) sin 0 t . .

H ( j ) = j sgn( ).
u m (t ) ( f 1 , f 2 ) F2
U 0 cos 0 t , y 2 (t ) = U 0 cos 0 t.
SGN
1 y 2 (t ) > 0 0 y 2 (t ) < 0. y 2 (t ) = U 0 cos 0 t , SGN
y 3 (t ) = c(1). c(1)
T
2 = ,
2
:

c(1) = 2

n
)
2 cos(n t ) = 4 cos t 1 cos 3 t + 1 cos 5 t 1 cos 7 t + ...
0
0
0
0
0
n
3
5
7

sin(

n =1

4
1

y 4 (t ) = y1 (t ) y 3 (t ) = (U 0 sin 0 t + u m (t ) sin 0 t + u m cos 0 t ) cos 0 t cos 3 0 t + ...

3

y 4 (t ) =

U 0 sin 0 t cos 0 t +

u m (t ) sin 0 t cos 0 t +

u m cos 0 t cos 0 t

41
cos 3 0 tU 0 sin 0 t
3

41
41
u m (t ) sin 0 t cos 3 0 t
u m (t ) cos 0 t cos 3 0 t + ...
3
3

y 4 (t ) =

1
4
1
4
1
411
sin 2 0 t + u m (t ) sin 2 0 t + u m (1 + cos 2 0 t )
U 0 (sin 4 0 t sin 2 0 t )
2
2
2

32
41
1
411

u m (t ) (sin 4 0 t sin 2 0 t )
u m (t )(cos 4 0 t + cos 2 0 t ) + ...
2
3
32

y 4 (t ) =

U0

u m (t ) + VF

VF
f 2 . :
yi (t ) =

u m (t ).

49

) )
yi (t ) =

u m (t ) =

U m sin m t
2

1 2U m
PSI =

.
2R
:


, U l cos 0 t
2

U
0 D p = l .
2

:
t F1:
pN ( f )
pN

F1:
p NF 1 ( f )

pN

f 0 f1 f 0

f0 + f2

:
p NH ( f )

pN
p NH ( f ) = p NF1 ( f ) H ( jf )

f 0 f1 f 0

f0 + f2

50

pN 4 ( f )
2
4 1
pN
4

4 1
pN
3 4

f0

2 f0

4 1
pN
4

f1

f0

f2

2 f0

:
pN 4 ( f )
2

4 1
pN
4

4 1
pN
4

4 1
pN
3 4

f1

f0

f2

3 f0

F3:
p NI ( f )
2

4 1
pN
4

p NI ( f ) = p N 4 ( f ) H ( jf )

f1

f2

:
2

4
4

f1
f1

PNI = p NI ( f )df = 2
p N df +
p N df = 2 p N ( f1 + f 2 ).
4
4

0
0
f2
:
2

1 2U m

(U m )2
PSI
2R
S
=
=
.
=
4
2R p N ( f1 + f 2 )
N i PNI
p N ( f1 + f 2 )
2

51

17. - . 2
: u (t ) = U 0 cos m t cos 0 t , f m = 1kHz.
p N .
- (S / N )i .

u (t )

u1 (t )

~
~
~

u1 u 2 (t )

u3 (t )

~
~
~

u 4 (t )

VF
n(t )

NF

U l' cos 0 0' t

U l cos 0' t

AVF ( f )

ANF ( f )

AMF ( f )

f0 2

f0

0 .8

f [kHz ]

f0 + 4

ui (t )

~
~

f 0 f 0'

f [kHz ]

10 kHz

:
u (t ) = U 0 cos m t cos 0 t =

U0
U
cos( 0 m )t + 0 cos( 0 + m )t
2
2

VF :
u1 (t ) =

U0
U
AVF ( 0 m ) cos[( 0 m )t VF ( 0 m )] + 0 AVF ( 0 + m ) cos[( 0 + m )t VF ( 0 + m )]
2
2

AVF ( 0 m ) = AVF ( f 0 f m ) = 1 , AVF ( 0 + m ) = AVF ( f 0 + f m ) = 1 , VF ( ) = 0 :

u1 (t ) =

U0
U
cos( 0 m )t + 0 cos( 0 + m )t = u (t ).
2
2

:
u 2 (t ) = u1 (t )U l cos 0' t =

u 2 (t ) =

U 0U l
U U
cos( 0 m )t cos 0' t + 0 l cos( 0 + m )t cos 0' t
2
2

U 0U l
U U
U U
U U
cos 0 + 0' m t + 0 l cos 0 0' m t + 0 l cos 0 + 0' + m t + 0 l cos 0 0' + m t
4
4
4
4

MF :

52

u 3 (t ) =

) [(

U 0U l
AMF 0 + 0' m cos 0 + 0' m t MF 0 + 0' m
4

) [(

)]

) [(

)]

) [(

)]

)]

U 0U l
AMF 0 0' m cos 0 0' m t MF 0 + 0' m
4
U U
+ 0 l AMF 0 + 0' + m cos 0 + 0' + m t MF 0 + 0' + m
4
U 0U l
+
AMF 0 0' + m cos 0 0' + m t MF 0 0' + m .
4

MF :

AMF 0 + 0' m = AMF 0 + 0' + m = 0, AMF 0 0' m = AMF 0 0' + m = 1

1 4
=
5 5

MF ( ) = 0, :
u 3 (t ) =

U 0U l 4
U 4U l
cos 0 0' m t + 0
cos 0 0' + m t.
4 5
4 5

:
u 4 (t ) = u 3 (t )U l' cos( 0 0' )t =

U 0U l U l'
U U U'
cos( 0 0' )t cos 0 0' m t + 0 l l cos( 0 0' )t cos 0 0' + m t.
5
5

U 0U l U l'
U U U'
U U U'
U U U'
cos 2 0 2 0' m t + 0 l l cos 2 0 2 0' + m t + 0 l l cos( m )t + 0 l l cos m t
10
10
10
10
'
'
'
U UU
U UU
U UU
= 0 l l cos 2 0 2 0' m t + 0 l l cos 2 0 2 0' + m t + 0 l l cos m t
10
10
5

u 4 (t ) =

NF :

) [(

U 0U l U l'
u i (t ) =
ANF 2 0 2 0' m cos 2 0 2 0' m t NF 2 0 2 0' m
10
'
U UU
+ 0 l l ANF 2 0 2 0' + m cos 2 0 2 0' + m t NF 2 0 2 0' m
10
U 0U l U l'
+
ANF ( m ) cos[ m t NF ( m )]
5

) [(

)]

)]

NF :

ANF 2 0 2 0' m = ANF 2 0 2 0' + m = 0, ANF ( m ) = 1 , NF ( ) = 0,

u i (t ) =

U 0U l U l'
U U'
cos m t = l l U 0 cos m t
5
5

53

1 U lU l'

PSI =
U 0 .
2R 5

:
U ( )

U 0
2

0 2 1k

0 2 1k 0 + 2 1k

0 + 2 1k

AVF ( )

0
0 + 2 2k
2 4k

0 2 2k

0 + 2 4k

U 1 ( )

U 0
2

0 2 1k

0 + 2 1k

U 2 ( )

U 0U l

0 2 1k 0 + 2 1k

0 0'

AMF ( )

0 + 0'

0 0'

0 + 0'

0 0'

0 + 0'

U 3 ( )

U 0U l
5

0 + 0'

U 0U lU l'

0 0'

U 4 ( )

2 0 0'

2 0 0'

ANF ( ) 1

U 0U lU l'
5

U i ( )

54

 :
pN ( f )
pN

f
2
p N 1 ( f ) = p N ( f ) H VF ( jf ) = p N AVF
(f)
2

p N1 ( f )

pN

f0 2 f 0

pN 2 ( f )

D p1 p N

f 0 f 0'
'
f0 f0 2
f 0 f 0' + 4

f [kHz ]
f0 + 4
p N 2 ( f ) = D p1 p N 1 ( f f 0' ) + p N 1 ( f + f 0' )
D p1 p N
2
U
D p1 = l
2

f [kHz ]

f 0 + f 0'
'
'
f0 + f0 2 f0 + f0 + 4

2
p N 3 ( f ) = p N 2 ( f ) H MF ( jf ) = p N 2 ( f ) AMF
(f)
2

D p1 p N

pN 3 ( f )

f [kHz ]

f 0 f 0'
'
f0 f0 2
f 0 f 0' + 4

p N 4 ( f ) = D p 2 p N 3 ( f f 0 + f 0' ) + p N 3 ( f + f 0 f 0' )

pN 4 ( f )

Dp2

U '
= l
2

Dp2

U '
= l
2

D p1 D p 2 p N

D p1 D p 2 p N

2( f 0 f 0' )

pN 4 ( f )

2 D p1 D p 2 p N

f [kHz ]

p N 4 ( f ) = D p 2 p N 3 ( f f 0 + f 0' ) + p N 3 ( f + f 0 f 0' )

D p1 D p 2 p N

2 4
p Ni ( f )

2( f 0 f 0' )

f [kHz ]

2 D p1 D p 2 p N
2
p Ni ( f ) = p N 4 ( f ) H NF ( jf ) = p N 4 ( f ) ANF
(f)
2

f [kHz ]
4

55

 NF :
2

U lU l' 2
2
2

2 pN
( f f 0 + f 0' ) ANF
( f ), 0 f 2 kHz
AVF ( f f 0 ) AMF

' 2
U lU l 2
2
2
AVF ( f f 0 ) AMF
( f f 0 + f 0' ) ANF
( f ), 2kHz < f 5 kHz
p Ni ( f ) = p N

0,
f

:
PNI =

2103

410

210 3

PNI =

U lU l'
2 p N
4

U U '
p N l l
4
2103

2
2
2
AVF ( f f 0 ) AMF
( f f 0 + f 0' ) ANF
( f )df

2
2
2
AVF ( f f 0 ) AMF
( f f 0 + f 0' ) ANF
( f )df

U U '
2 p N l l
4

410

U lU l'
f
f
1

1
df
p
df
+

N
3
3

5 10
4 5 10
210 3
2

P
S
= SI .
N i PNI

56


18.
. ,
. = 0.33 s.
) f 11 (t ), f 12 (t ) f 13 (t ) 4 kHz.
) f 11 (t ) f 12 (t ) 7 kHz, f 13 (t )
15 kHz.
:
1) .
2) f 21 (t ), f 22 (t )
f 23 (t ) f 11 (t ), f 12 (t ) f 13 (t ).
,
.

f11

F11

F21

~
~

~
~

>

F22

A22

F12

S1

~
~

f12

f123

S2

~
~
fg

F13

~
~

f13

A21

~
~

>

F23

A23

~
~

>

f 21

f 22

f 23

T
2T

f 123 (t ) = f 11 (t ) s (t nT0 ) + f 12 (t ) s t nT0 0 + f13 (t ) s t nT0 0

3
3
n =
n =
n =

s (t ) .
:

T
2T

f 123 (t ) = f 11 (t ) (t nT0 ) + f12 (t ) t nT0 0 + f 13 (t ) t nT0 0

3
3
n =
n =
n =

, (
) f (t )
:
f 123 (t ) =

n =

f 11 (nT0 ) (t nT0 ) +

n =

f 12 (nT0 +

T0
T
2T
2T
) t nT0 0 + f13 (nT0 + 0 ) t nT0 0
3
3 n=
3
3

T (t ) :
57

1 jn0t
T (t ) = (t nT0 ) = e
T n =
n =

{ T (t )} =

(t nT ) =

n =

2
T

( n

n =

) = 0

( n

n =

1
{u m (t ) T (t )} = u m (t ) e jn0t = U m [ j ( n 0 )]
T n =

T n=
.
f11 (t )

f m = 4 kHz
t

f12 (t )

f 0 = 2 f m = 8 kHz

T0 =

1
= 125 s
2 fm

T =

0 0
=
= 41,67 s
N
3

T0
f13 (t )

f123 (t )

F ( f11 (0) ) :
y10 (t ) =

1
2

AF e jt0 E10

sin

2 e j t d

58


sin

sin

2 = 1 , :

y10 (t ) = AF E10 2 f g

sin g (t t 0 )

g (t t 0 )

,
. f 11 (t ) :

n
E1n = f 11
2 fm

n f 11 (t ) :

y1n (t ) = AF E1n 2 f g

n
)
2 fm
n
g (t t 0
)
2 fm

sin g (t t 0

,

.

3
1

1
2

T0
N

T0

1
2 fg

T0
1
1
1
=
.. T0 =
=
N 2 fg
f0 2 fm

59

1
1
=
f g = Nf m , f m = 4 kHz f g = 12 kHz
2 fm N 2 fg
S 2
F :

AF 2f g f (nT0 )

F21

S 2
( ) AF E1n 2 f g .
F21 ( f11 (0) ) :
y 210 (t ) =

1
2

Ae

jt 0'

AF E10 2 f g e jt e jt d
0

y 210 (t ) = 4 f g f m AAF E10 2

sin m (t t 0' t 0 )
m (t t 0' t 0 )

F21 f 11 (t ) :

y 21n (t ) = 4 f g f m AAF E1n 2

n
)
2 fm
;
n
'
m (t t 0 t 0
)
2 fm

sin m (t t 0' t 0

n
E1n = f 11
2 fm

A = AF = 1, 4 2 f g f m , :
A21 = A22 = A23 =

1
4 f g f m
2

f m .
) f m1 = f m 2 = 7 kHz

f m 3 = 15 kHz

f 0 2 f max f max = max{ f m1 , f m 2 , f m 3 }

60

f 0 = 2 15 kHz = 30 kHz T0 =

T
T
1
= 33.3 s T = 0 = 0 = 11.1 s
f0
N
3

f g = Nf 0 = 45 kHz

) F21 f m1 = 7 kHz
( ) :

f 21 (t ) =

sin m1 (t

4f

n =

n
)
f0

n
f m1 2 f 11
f 0 (t n )
m1
f0

f m1, f m 2 f m 3 .
:
A21 = A22 =

A23 =

1
2 f g 2 f m1 2

A21 = A22 = 77.2 [dB ]

1
1
=
2
2 f g 2 f m3
2 f g f 0 2

A23 = 70.6 [dB ]

S 2 ,
f 0 2 f mi

f 21 (t ) =

sin m1 (t

4f

n =

n
)
f0

n
f m1 2 f 11
,
f 0 (t n )
m1
f0

sin m1t
k

,
m1t
2 f m1

sin m1 (t

n
)
f0

n
m1 (t )
f0

n
n
=
.
f 0 2 f m3
.
) f 0 = 15 kHz
1
T0 =
1 2 3.
f0

61

f11

f 21

S1

S2

f12

f 22

f13

f 23
2

T0

:
0
1
1
1
=

=
4
2 fg
4 15 2 f g
f g = 2 15 kHz = 30 kHz .

f m1, f m 2, f m3, :
A21 = A22 =

A23 =

1
2 f g 2 f m1 2

1
2 f g 2 f m 3 2

A21 = A22 = 80.7 [dB ]

A23 = 74.15 [dB ]

19.
. :
1)
2)

a|t |

p(t ) = e T
a = const.
3)
h(t ) =

sin(f 0 t )
f 0 t

f0 =

1
T0
2

sin(f m t )
T (t ) max
u m (t ) =
f m t
. x(t ), y (t ), X ( j ), Y ( j ) .

62

:
u1 (t ) = T (t ) p (t ) =

p ( ) (t nT )d =

n =

p (t nT )

n =

,
.
:
U1 ( j ) = T ( j ) P( j ) , T ( j ) =

U1 ( j ) = P ( j )

( n ) =

n =

( n ) ,

n =

P ( j ) =

p(t )e

jt

dt =

2a
T
a
( )2 + 2
T

P( jn ) ( n )
o

n =

:
x(t ) = um (t ) u1 (t ) = um (t )

X ( j ) =
1
2

p(t nT )

n =

1
1
U m ( j ) U1 ( j ) =
2
2

U m ( jv)

n =

( jv) U1 ( j ( v))dv =

P(no ) ( n v)dv =

1
P(no )U m ( j ( n ))
2 n =

n=0 U m ( j ) .
U m ( j )
n . n
P (no ) =

2a
T
a
( ) 2 + (no ) 2
T

n.

63

 x(t ) (3) , f o = 2 f m :

2a
2T
P(0) = T =
:
a 2
a
( )
T

64

sin f mt
1
1 sin f mt
: y (t ) = 2 f m

af m
af m f m t
f mt

20. :
1)

U m (t ) =

sin(f 0 t )
T (t )
f 0 t

fo =

1
T

a|t |

2) p(t ) = e T
a = const.
sin f o t
3) h(t ) =
fot

x(t ), X ( j ) a (t ) = y (t ) u m (t )
t = 0 .

:
:

u 1 (t ) = u m (t ) T (t ) = u m (t ) (t nT ) =
x(t ) = p (t ) * u1 (t ) = p (t ) *

n =

n =

n =

(nT ) (t nT ) =

(nT ) (t nT )

n =

(nT ) p (t nT )

U1 ( j ) =
1
2

1
1
U m ( j ) T ( j ) =
2
2

U m ( jv)

( jv) T ( j ( v))dv =

( n v)dv =

n =

1
U m ( j ( n ))
T n =

U1 ( j )
U m ( j ) .
X ( j ) = P ( j ) U1 ( j ) =

P ( j )
U m ( j ( n ))
T n =

65

 X ( j )
2a
T
U m ( j ) , P( j ) , P( j ) =
.
a 2
2
( ) +
T
X ( j )
. p (t )

p(t ) = e

a|t |
T

a = const.

x(t ) = u1 (t ) p (t ) =

p ( )u1 (t )d =

o
2

p ( ) um (nT ) (t nT )d =
n =

n =

(nT ) p (t nT )

sin( f o t )
f 0t

: U m (t ) =

1 1 1
y (t ) =

2 f o T

2a
T

a
( )2 + 2
T

1 jt
e d .
fo

t = 0
o

2a
T

22
1
2T 2
1
a T

d
=

d
2
2
a 2 2

a
2 f o
a f o 0
T
T T a
0
o ( ) +
1+
1+

2 T
T
a
a

2
2
T
f

=
arctg 0 =
arctg = 1 = tg o a =
f
fo
a
a
2a f o
2
tg o
2
y (0) =

1 1

2 f o

d =

NF hr (t )

1
: H k ( j ) =
; o
P ( j )
2
21.
. um1 (t ) um 2 (t )

66

. .
NF f g . f g
.
A, B, C ', C '', D ', D '' .

T
1
1
u A (t ) = um1 (t ) (t nT ) +um 2 (t ) (t nT ) =
=
2
fo 2 fm
n =
n =

jno
1 jnot
1
2
e
+um 2 (t ) e jnot e
n = T
n = T

u A (t ) = um1 (t )
U A ( j ) =

1
1
U m1 ( j ( no )) + (1) n U m 2 ( j ( no ))

T n =
T n =

jno

T
2

= e jn = cos(n ) j sin(n ) = cos(n ) = (1)n

67

T
1
T
1
1
1
=
. :
=
=
=
f g = 2 fm = fo
N 2 fg
N Nf o 2 2 f m 2 f g

U A ( j ) .
:

u B (t ) :

uC ' (t ) = uB (t ) (t nT )
n =

U C ' ( j ) =

1
T

n =

T
uC '' (t ) = uB (t ) (t nT )
2
n =

( j ( n 0 ))

j
1
U C " ( j ) = U B ( j ( n 0 ))e
T n =

2nt 0
T

1
U B ( j ( n 0 ))e jn
T n =

68

69


22. =1,68Mbps.
30 . ,
, ,
n . max n.


(-5,5)(V). .
:

.
f o n N , :
f o -
n -
N -

C
C
1.68 106
biti
fo n N < C n <
=
=
n=7 [
]
3
f o N 2 f m N 2 4 10 30
primerok
.
U , :
U
U U
U =
( , ) , q .
q
2 2
q = 2 n = 27 = 128; (

U U
10(V )
, ) = (5, 5) U = 10(V ) U =
= 78.125mV
2 2
128

PNq =

( U ) 2 1 U 2
= ( ) ( R = 1 ,
12
12 q

).
: Ps = s 2 , s 2
U
2

1
1 1 U 3 U 3 U2 1 2
: s = s p ( s )ds = s ds = [( ) ( ) ] =
= q U 2
U
U s 2
2
12 12
U

/ :

70

1 2
U
Ps
12
=
= q 2 = 1282 = 16384 10 log q 2 = 42.144[dB]
2
1 U
PNq

12 q 2

23. :

(1) , (2) q=8 , (3)

.
x(t)
A A
[ , ] .
2 2
PNq .
/ .
.
x(t) 4 kHz?

:
q

PNq = PNqi
i =1

71

PNqi =

xi+1

xi

xqi +

xi
2

1
( x xqi ) 2 p ( x)dx = p ( xqi ) ( x xqi ) 2 p ( x)dx = p ( xqi ) ( x xqi )3
3
xi
xqi

PS =

xqi

xi
2

x i = x
q

p( xqi )x PNq =
i =1

(x) 2
12

p ( x)dx p ( x) [

A
2

p( x) =

xi
2

(x i )3
1 x i 3
PNqi = p ( xqi ) 2(
) = p ( xqi )
,
3
2
12
q
q
(x) 2
(x) 2
PNq = PNqi = p ( xqi )
x =
12
12
i =1
i =1
A
2

xqi +

A A
, ]
2 2

1
.
A

1 x3
PS =
A 3

A
2

A
2

1 2 A3 A2
A
3 =
, x =
A 3 2
12
q

A2
A2
Ps
P
= 12 2 = 12 2 = q 2 , q = 8 s = 64
1 A
PNq (x)
PNq
2
12
12 q

q = 2n

n = ld 8 = 3[

biti
]
primerok

:
f b = f o n N = 2 f m n N = 2 4 103 3 1 = 24kbps ( N = 1 , f m = 4kHz )

24.
256 , N 4kHz.
U (t ) =

a x(t nT ) ,

n =

an 0 1, Tb
x(t ) :

1 , t 2
x(t ) =
= 0.5 s
0 , t >

2
:

72

1 , t 2
h(t ) =
= 0.5 s
0 , t >

2
N
,
. 0
E
E
max , 1 max
2
2
. Emax .
:
: U (t ) =

a x(t nT ) ,

n =

an {0,1} x(t )

(). :
y (t ) = x(t ) * h(t )

: U (t ) =

y (t ) =
1. t <

n =

y (t nTb )

h( ) x(t )d

2. < t < 0

73

3. t <

4. t >

U (t ) =

n =

y (t nTb ) . 101 .

t = y . Emax = y (0) = ,

:
y (0)
y (0)

> 2 y (Tb )
> 2 y = 2 t > t
2
2
4
3
Tb = t =
4 4
b , b =
1
1
= 2 fm N n N =
= 31.25 N = 31.
b
2 b fm n

74

25. N 4kHz ,
U U
. [ ; ] U = 0, 2V .
2 2
1W .
E = 3V = 0.5 s ,
. NF
f g = 0.825MHz .
. N:
)
)
. max
.

v =

1
= 0.606 s
2 fg

:
f o = 2 f max = 8kHz

T=

1
T
= 125 s ; T =

fo
N

Tb =

T T
=

n
nN

.
PNq =

( U ) 2
12

PNq =

U2 1
< 1W , U = 0.2V
q 2 12

U =

U U
=
2n q

q = 57.7

, q 2n q = 64 = 26
n = ldq = 6

75


: p(t ) = E {x H (t ) x H (t )}

:
y (t ) = E {y H (t ) y H (t )}
: , = + V = 1.106 s
)
Tb
, .

, = Tb

N=

T
= 18.83 N = 18
nTb

)
101 .

:
ymax E
=

:
y t
t
=
y = ymax
ymax

:
ymax
t

> 2y = 2 ymax
t <
2

4
Tb = ( t ) +

V
2

= 0.428 s

, = 0.5 s Tb < ,
Tb = 0.5 s . N = 41.67 N = 41

76


26.
0 N2 .
.
: P ( A) = P ( A).
:
..
:
p ( n) =

1
2 N

n2
2 N2

:
y (t ) = s (t ) + n(t )
s(t )

n(t )

p ( y /"0" ) p ( y /"1" )
"0" "1".
p ( y /"0" ) =

p ( y /"1" ) =

1
2 N
1
2 N

( y + A) 2
2 N2

= p0 ( y)

( y A) 2
2 N2

= p1 ( y )

77

p( y /"0" )

p( y /"1" )

, U p = 0,
.
:
Pe = P("0" ) P( /"0" ) + P("1" ) P( /"1" ).

Up

1
1
Pe = p( y /"0" )dy + p( y /"1" )dy
2 Up
2
, :

Pe =

p( y /"0" )dy =

Up

Pe =

1 2
2

1
2 N

( y + A) 2

2 N2

dy =

1
2 N

2 N e u du
2

A
2 N

e
A

u 2

du =

A
1
erfc
2
2
N

2 N

:
Pb =

d
1
M 1
erfc
2 2
log 2 M M
N

:
d = 2A.

27.
Rb = 50 b / s. , .
0.5V ,
0.2 V .
.
:
, .
:
78

 N = 0 .2 V .
:
Pe =

A
1
erfc
2
2
N

1
= erfc 0.5 = 1 erfc(1.77 ) = 5.45 10 3
2
2 0 .2 2

N e = Rb Pe ,
:
tp =

1
1
1
=
=
= 3.7 s.
N e Rb Pe 50 5.45 10 3

28.
f g = 1MHz ,
A = 0.5V .
: S N ( ) = S N = 0.02 W / Hz.
:
:
fg

=
2
N

( f )df = 2 f g S N = 0.04W .

fg

, :

N = 0 .2 V .
:
Pe =

A
1
erfc
2
2
N

1
= erfc 0.5 = 1 erfc(1.77 ) = 5.45 10 3
2
2 0 .2 2

29.
N2 = 0.4 W . (SNR)
10 dB "1"
P ("1" ) = 0.2, .
:
"0" :
P ("0" ) = 1 P ("1" ) = 0.8.

79

 :
Ps = 0.2 ( A) 2 + 0.8 ( A) 2 = A 2 .

SNR :
P
10 log10 SNR = 10 log10 s2 = 10 dB.

Ps

N2

A2

N2

= 10

A = 0 .2 V .

,
Bayes:
p1 (U p )
p 0 (U p )

P("0" )
,
P ("1" )

p1 ( y ) p 0 ( y )
"1" "0".
p0 ( y) =

p1 ( y ) =

1
2 N
1
2 N

( y + A) 2
2 N2

( y A) 2

2 N2

p( y /"0" )

p( y /"1" )

, :

0 .8
=4=e
0 .2

(U p A) 2 (U p + A ) 2
2 N2

80

Up =

N2
2A

ln 4 = 0.138V .

:
Pe = P("0" ) P("1" /"0" ) + P ("1" ) P("0" /"1" ).

Up

Pe = 0.8 p( y /"0" )dy + 0.2 p( y /"1" )dy = 0.8

Up

A +U p
1
Pe = 0.8 erfc
2
2
N

Up

A U p
+ 0.2 1 erfc

2
2
N

1
2 N

( y + A )2
2 N2

Up

dy + 0.2

1
2 N

( y A )2
2 N2

dy

= 6.66 10 4.

30.

.
N2 .
:
) :
p1 ( y )

p0 ( y )

Ab

Ab

"0" "1"
:
p 0 ( y ) = p ( y /"0" ) =

p1 ( y ) = p ( y /"1" ) =

1
2 N
1
2 N

( y + Ab ) 2
2 N2

( y Ab ) 2
2 N2

Pe =
0

1
2 N

( y + Ab ) 2
2 N2

dy

81

Pe =

Ab
1
erfc
2
2
N

Psb = 0.5 Ab2 + 0.5 ( Ab ) = Ab2

2

Pe =

A2
1
b
erfc
2

2
2 N

= erfc SNRb .

2
2

) .

p1 ( y )

p0 ( y )

Au

"0" "1"
:
1

p 0 ( y ) = p ( y /"0" ) =

p1 ( y ) = p ( y /"1" ) =

2 N

1
2 N

y2
2 N2

( y Au ) 2

2 N2

1
1
Pe =
e
2 Au 2 N

y2
2 N2

Au
2

1
1
dy +
e
2 2 N

( y Au )2
2 N2

dy =

Au
1
erfc
2
2 2 N

P = 0.5 0 + 0.5 ( Au )
U
s

Au2
=
,
2

82

 A2
1
u
Pe = erfc
8 N2
2

1
= erfc SNR

2
4

:
Au
Ab
=
2 2 N
2 N
Au = 2 Ab

:

2 Ab
A2
P = u =
2
2
U
s

= 2 Ab2 = 2 Psb .

31. -
. m = 5 l .
:
) ;
) .
A
"0" "1".
2 .

:
AR
AR
AR
i)
= 0.8;
ii)
= 2;
iii)
= 3;
2 N
2 N
2 N
: AR
.
:
) :
u1 (t )
A

l ,

AR
n1 (t )

>

l ,
A AR

n2 (t )

>

l ,

nm1 (t )

>

l ,

>

l ,

u m (t )
AR

nm (t )

83

AR = A e [ Np ]l = A 10 [ dB ]l .
,
.
, ,
:
m

N2 = N2 = m N2 .
m

i =1

:
Pem =

AR
1
erfc
2m
2
N

:
AR

0.8

0.358

0.89

1.34

0.306

0.103

0.029

2 N
AR
2m N
Pe5

) :
l ,

l ,

u 2 (t )

u1 (t )

l ,

u m1 (t )

l ,

u m (t )

:
p = Pe(1) =

AR
1
erfc
2
2
N

m = 5. ,
:
Pe( m ) =

P (m, k ),

k =1, 3, 5

84

 Pe (m, k ) k
m. :
Pe (m, k ) = C mk p k (1 p ) m k ,
m!
C mk =
.
k!(m k )!

5 :
5
5
5
Pe = p 1 (1 p ) 4 + p 3 (1 p ) 2 + p 5 (1 p ) 0
1
3
5
Pe(m ) :
AR
2 N

0.8

Pe(1)

0.129

2.339 10 3

1.1 10 5

Pe( 5)

0.387

1.1585 10 2

5.5 10 5

,
.

32. , = 0,3 V
1
H T ( jf ) H L ( jf ).
H R ( jf )
.

W
.
S N ( f ) = S N = 0.02
Hz

. .
H T ( jf )

H R ( jf )

H L ( jf )

f1

2 f1

f1

2 f1

f1

f1

y (0 )
x(t )

H T ( jf )

PT

H R ( jf )

H L ( jf )

kT

n(t )

85

:
x(t ) = (t )
X ( jf ) = 1
Y ( jf ) = X ( jf ) H T ( jf ) H L ( jf ) H R ( jf )
Y ( jf )
1

f1

f1

y (t ) .
:
U (t ) =

A y (t iT )

i =

Ai

A. y (kT ) = 0 k 0
n
T=
, n .
2 f1
:

= S N ( f ) H R ( f ) df =
2

f1

1df = S N 2 f 1 = 0.04 W .

f1

Ai y (0).

y (0) = Y ( jf )e j 2ft

t =0

df = Y ( jf )df = 2 f 1

0, A2 f 1 ,
1, A2 f 1 .
,
.. U p = 0.
:
Ay (0) 1
1
3
= erfc
Pe = erfc
= 0.0013

2
2
2
2 2

A.

PT Ts
A2
2
2
PT =
X ( jf ) H T ( jf ) df A =
.

Ts
2
2
X ( jf ) H T ( jf ) df

y (0) A
:

86

1
Pe = erfc

2
2
2
X
(
jf
)
H
(
jf
)
df
S
(
f
)
H
(
f
)
df

T
N
R

PT Ts Y ( jf )df

87