What is an acid-base indicator? An acid-base indicator is a weak acid or a weak base.

The undissociated form of the indicator is a different color than the iogenic form of the indicator. An Indicator does not change color from pure acid to pure alkaline at specific hydrogen ion concentration, but rather, color change occurs over a range of hydrogen ion concentrations. This range is termed the color change interval. It is expressed as a pH range. How is an indicator used? eak acids are titrated in the presence of indicators which change under slightly alkaline conditions. eak bases should be titrated in the presence of indicators which change under slightly acidic conditions. What are some common acid-base indicators? !everal acid-base indicators are listed below, some more than once if they can be used over multiple pH ranges. "uantity of indicator in a#ueous $a#.% or alcohol $alc.% solution is specified. Tried-and-true indicators include& thymol blue, tropeolin '', methyl yellow, methyl orange, bromphenol blue, bromcresol green, methyl red, bromthymol blue, phenol red, neutral red, phenolphthalein, thymolphthalein, ali(arin yellow, tropeolin ', nitramine, and trinitroben(oic acid. )ata in this table are for sodium salts of thymol blue, bromphenol blue, tetrabromphenol blue, bromcresol green, methyl red, bromthymol blue, phenol red, and cresol red. Table of Common Acid-Base Indicators Indicator Thymol *lue 0entamethoxy red Tropeolin '' ,,3-)initrophenol 5ethyl yellow 5ethyl orange *romphenol blue Tetrabromphenol blue Ali(arin sodium sulfonate 8-9aphthyl red p-:thoxychrysoidine *romcresol green 5ethyl red *romcresol purple ;hlorphenol red *romphenol blue p-9itrophenol A(olitmin 0henol red 9eutral red pH Range +.,-,.+.,-,.1 +.1-1., ,.3-3.. ,.6-3.. 1.+-3.3 1..-3.7 1..-3.7 1.2-4., 1.2-4.. 1.4-4.4 3..-4.7 3.3-7., 4.,-7.4.3-7.7.,-2.7 4..-2.. 4..--.. 7.3--.. 7.---.. Quantit per !" ml +-, drops ..+/ soln. in a#. + drop ..+/ soln. in 2./ alc. + drop +/ a#. soln. +-, drops ..+/ soln. in 4./ alc. + drop ..+/ soln. in 6./ alc. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. + drop ..+/ soln. in 2./ alc. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. +-4 drops ..+/ a#. soln. 4 drops ..4/ a#. soln. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. + drop ..+/ soln. in 2./ alc. Acid red red-violet red colorless red red yellow yellow yellow red red yellow red yellow yellow yellow colorless red yellow red Base yellow colorless yellow yellow yellow orange blue-violet blue violet yellow yellow blue yellow purple red blue yellow blue red yellow

<osolic acid ;resol red 8-9aphtholphthalein Tropeolin ''' Thymol blue 0henolphthalein 8-9aphtholben(ein Thymolphthalein 9ile blue Ali(arin yellow !alicyl yellow )ia(o violet Tropeolin ' 9itramine 0oirrier=s blue Trinitroben(oic acid

7.---.. 2.,--.2.1--.2 2.7--.6 -..-6.7 -..-+... 6..-++.. 6.3-+..7 +..+-++.+ +...-+,.. +...-+,.. +..+-+,.. ++..-+1.. ++..-+1.. +,..-+1.3

+ drop ..+/ soln. in 6./ alc. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. +-4 drops ..+/ soln. in 2./ alc. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. +-4 drops ..+/ a#. soln. +-4 drops ..+/ soln. in 2./ alc. +-4 drops ..+/ soln. in 6./ alc. + drop ..+/ soln. in 6./ alc. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. +-4 drops ..+/ soln. in 6./ alc. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. + drop ..+/ a#. soln. + drop ..+/ a#. soln.

yellow yellow rose yellow yellow colorless yellow colorless blue yellow yellow yellow yellow blue colorless

red red green rose-red blue red blue blue red lilac orange-brown violet orange-brown violet-pink orange-red

++..-+1.. +-, drops ..+/ soln in 2./ alc. colorless orange-brown

Acid - base indicator

A substance that indicates the degree of acidity or basicity of a solution through characteristic color changes acid -base indicator - an indicator that changes color on going from acidic to basic solutions phenolphthalein - a laxative used in many preparations under various trade names; also used as an acid-base indicator in titrations involving weak acids and strong bases because it is brilliant red at high alkalinity and colorless below pH 8 congo red - a red-brown azo dye especially as a chemical pH indicator (congo red is red in basic and blue in acidic solutions methyl orange - an azo dye used as an acid-base indicator; used for titrations involving weak bases indicator - (chemistry a substance that changes color to indicate the presence of some ion or substance; can be used to indicate the completion of a chemical reaction or (in medicine to test for a particular reaction litmus! litmus test - a coloring material (obtained from lichens that turns red in acid solutions and blue in alkaline solutions; used as a very rough acid-base indicator bromophenol blue! bromphenol blue! tetrabromo-phenolsulfonephthalein - a dye used as an acidbase indicator

bromothymol blue! bromthymol blue - a dye used as an acid-base indicator