PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS / LECTURE OPENER SUGGESTIONS: Opening quotes: Madness need not be all breakdown. It may also be break-through.

R. . !aing "#$%&-#$'%(. )ou shall know the truth and the truth shall make you mad. *ldous +u,ley "#'$--#$./( Opening artwork: 0in1ent 0an 2ogh "#'3/-#'$4( Corridor in the Asylum, #''$ 5ortrait o6 0an 2ogh +enri 7oulouse-!autre1 "#'.--#$4#( OPENING THEMES: 8or many students9 the topi1 o6 abnormal psy1hology represents the high point o6 the 1ourse: what they ha;e been waiting to learn all semester. 7here6ore9 engaging student interest in the topi1 should not be a problem at all. 7he 1hallenge is 1hoosing the topi1s to 6o1us on in this ;ery ri1h area o6 1ontent. <orking within the stru1ture o6 the perspe1ti;es in psy1hology will make this 1ontent easier 6or students to grasp9 be1ause the basi1 parameters ha;e already been laid down and de;eloped in other 1hapters. 7hus9 presenting the possible 1auses 6or psy1hologi1al disorders should be done in terms o6 those perspe1ti;es. In terms o6 presenting the disorders9 it is 1ru1ial to emphasi=e the role o6 >M-I0-7R "the most re1ent ;ersion( in setting the stage 6or reliable diagnoses. >M-I0-7R also pro;ides a good organi=ing stru1ture to use in presenting the disorders. *lthough there will not be time to de;ote su66i1ient attention to all disorders9 you should be able to 6o1us on one or two that are o6 parti1ular interest to you to use in helping students gain a 1on1eptuali=ation o6 disorders as ha;ing multiple 1auses "and9 in the ne,t 1hapter( multiple approa1hes to treatment. KEY CONCEPTS +istori1al perspe1ti;es e6initions o6 abnormality Models o6 abnormal beha;ior >M-I0-7R *n,iety disorders >omato6orm disorders isso1iati;e disorders Mood disorders >1hi=ophrenia 5ersonality disorders Prologue: Chris Coles Looking Ahe ! MODULE "#: NORMAL $ERSUS A%NORMAL: MAKING THE DISTINCTION De&ining A'nor( li)* I!en)i&*ing Nor( l n! A'nor( l %eh +ior: Dr ,ing )he Line on Ps*-hologi- l Disor!ers Pers.e-)i+es on A'nor( li)*: /ro( Su.ers)i)ion )o S-ien-e The Me!i- l Pers.e-)i+e The Ps*-ho n l*)i- Pers.e-)i+e The %eh +ior l Pers.e-)i+e The Cogni)i+e Pers.e-)i+e #&&

The Hu( nis)i- Pers.e-)i+e The So-io-ul)ur l Pers.e-)i+e Cl ssi&*ing A'nor( l %eh +ior: The A%Cs o& DSM DSM-IV-TR: De)er(ining Di gnos)i- Dis)in-)ions Conning )he Cl ssi&iers: The Shor)-o(ings o& DSM-IV-TR How can we distinguish normal from abnormal behavior? What are the major perspectives on psychological disorders used by mental health professionals? What classification system is used to categorize psychological disorders? Applying Psychology in the 21st Century Suicide Bombers: Normal or Abnormal? Learning Objectives: /&-# is1uss the ;arious approa1hes to de6ining abnormal beha;ior. /&-% es1ribe and distinguish the ;arious perspe1ti;es o6 abnormality9 and apply those perspe1ti;es to spe1i6i1 mental disorders. /&-/ es1ribe the DSM-IV-T and its use in diagnosing and 1lassi6ying mental disorders. Student ssignments: Interactivity 61: DSM-IV-TR >tudents answer questions about the DSM-IV-T organi=ation and usage. Views on Psychological Disorders +a;e students 1omplete +andout #%-#9 a sur;ey o6 ;iews on psy1hologi1al disorders. Perspectives on Abnormality *sk students the 6ollowing questions: #. +ow does the medi1al perspe1ti;e o6 abnormality 1ompare with the beha;ioral neuros1ien1e perspe1ti;e in psy1hology? +ow are they the same and how are they di66erent? %. I6 you were a mental health pro6essional9 how would you integrate the best o6 ea1h perspe1ti;e in treating your 1lients? /. <hi1h perspe1ti;e is the DSM-IV-T most 1losely asso1iated with? Library Research on the DSM-IV-TR >end students to the library "or other sour1e( to look at the DSM-IV-T ! *sk them these questions: #. +ow do you 6eel about the idea o6 1ategori=ing psy1hologi1al disorders as is done in the DSM-IV-T ? %. <hat was the s1ienti6i1 basis 6or the DSM-IV-T ? /. +ow does the DSM-IV-T di66er 6rom earlier DSMs? -. <hat do you think is the most intriguing disorder in the DSM-IV-T ? Lecture !deas: S mmary o! "istory o! #ental Illness: "rehistoric times: emoni1 possession was thought to 1ause psy1hologi1al disorders. @ased on e;iden1e o6 trephined skulls9 it was thought that prehistori1 people tried to release the e;il spirits by drilling a hole in the skull. #&'

Ancient #reece and ome: 7he s1ienti6i1 approa1h emerged. 7he 2reek physi1ian +ippo1rates sought a 1ause within the body. 7his approa1h 1ontinued through Roman times with the writings o6 the physi1ian 2alen. Middle A$es: Return to belie6 in spiritual possession and attempts to e,or1ise the de;il out o6 the mentally ill. 7he mentally ill were thrown into prisons and poorhouses. enaissance: 8irst hospital to house the mentally ill was builtA>t. MaryBs +ospital in @ethlehem "!ondon(. *ttempts to pro;ide more humane treatment. <it1h hunts took pla1e starting in the #344s and 1ontinued through the #&44s. %&''s: *sylums again be1ame o;er1rowded and 1onditions deteriorated. @y the #&44s9 >t. MaryBs was known as bedlam. %(''s: Re6orm mo;ements began in Curope and the Dnited >tates: @enEamin Rush attempted to de;ise new methods o6 treatment "the tranquili=ing 1hair( based on s1ienti6i1 method. orothea i,9 a Massa1husetts s1hooltea1her9 originated the state hospital mo;ement as a means o6 pro;iding moral treatment. )arly to mid *'th century: O;er1rowding again be1ame pre;alent in state mental hospitals. C,treme measures o6 treatment were used that were thought by many to be inhumane. )ra o+ deinstitutionali,ation-late *'th century: In;ention o6 antipsy1hoti1 medi1ations in the #$34s made it possible 6or people with se;ere disorders to li;e outside institutions. 5resident Fennedy 1alled 6or 1ommunity mental health 1enters. +owe;er9 this has not been 1ompletely e66e1ti;e as the problem o6 homelessness has arisen. $he Insanity De!ense %!rom Petti&ohn's (onnecte)t* *s dis1ussed in the te,t9 it is di66i1ult to de6ine abnormal beha;ior. 7he issue be1omes e;en more 1ompli1ated when questions are raised in a 1ourt o6 law about a de6endantBs mental 1ondition at the time he or she is alleged to ha;e 1ommitted a 1rime. <hen the de6endant pleads not guilty by reason o6 insanity9 the 1ourt must assess his or her mental 1ondition. 7he issue o6 insanity is de1ided by a Eudge or Eury a6ter listening to testimony o6 e,perts9 who are usually psy1hologists or psy1hiatrists. It is important to remember that in a 1ourt9 the 1on1ept o6 insanity is legal rather than psy1hologi1al. 7he insanity plea is used in situations where the de6endant is Eudged to be in1apable o6 knowing right 6rom wrong be1ause o6 a mental disorder. *lthough psy1hologists may e,amine the indi;idual and testi6y in 1ourt9 the 6inal de1ision is a legal one9 made by the 1ourts based on legal pre1edent. *s you are probably aware9 e;en the e,perts are not in agreement o;er insanity as a legitimate de6ense. In some 1ases9 insanity is used as a means to a;oid prose1ution. Gormally9 i6 #&$

one is Eudged insane9 he or she is 1ommitted to a mental hospital until 1ured. I6 later Eudged sane9 he or she is set 6ree9 sometimes a6ter only a light senten1e. One proposal is to repla1e the ;erdi1t o6 not guilty by reason o6 insanity with the ;erdi1t o6 guilty but mentally ill. Indi;iduals 6ound guilty but mentally ill would be gi;en the proper psy1hotherapy to treat their mental disorders9 and when they were Eudged sane9 they would be returned to prison to 1omplete their senten1es. * related issue is the ability o6 the de6endant to stand trial. In order to be brought to trial9 an indi;idual must understand the 1harge against him or her and be able to prepare a proper de6ense with a lawyer. Many times9 instead o6 standing trial9 the de6endant is Eudged in1ompetent to stand trial and is 1ommitted to a mental institution 6or treatment. *6ter being 1on6ined 6or a period o6 time9 he or she is released i6 Eudged 1ompetent. Dn6ortunately9 it is di66i1ult to predi1t the 6uture beha;ior o6 su1h a person. More resear1h needs to be 1ondu1ted on the appli1ation o6 psy1hologi1al determinations to legal pro1eedings. +#adness, and (reativity: $he (ase o! Vincent Van -ogh 7he 1ase o6 0in1ent ;an 2ogh "#'3/-#'$4( pro;ides an e,1ellent opportunity to dis1uss the relationship between madness and 1reati;ity. 0an 2ogh is generally 1onsidered the greatest ut1h painter a6ter Rembrandt. +is reputation is based largely on the works o6 the last three years o6 his short9 #4-year painting 1areer9 and he had a power6ul in6luen1e on e,pressionism in modern art. +e produ1ed more than '44 oil paintings and &44 drawings9 but he sold only one during his li6etime. +is striking 1olors9 1oarse brushwork9 and 1ontoured 6orms display the anguish o6 the mental illness that dro;e him to sui1ide. Illustrate his 1ase with e,amples o6 his late art works9 1ompleted while he was a patient at the asylum in >t. Remy. is1uss the diagnoses that ha;e been as1ribed to 0an 2ogh o;er the years. 7hey are as 6ollows: #. Cpilepsy %. >1hi=ophrenia /. >uppressed 6orm o6 epilepsy -. Cpisodi1 twilight states 3. Cpileptoid psy1hosis .. 5sy1hopathy &. 5sy1hosis o6 degeneration '. >1hi=o6orm rea1tion $. Herebral tumor #4. *1ti;e lueti1 s1hi=oid and epileptoid disposition ##. 5hasi1 s1hi=ophrenia #%. ementia prae1o, #/. Meningo-en1ephalitis lueti1a #-. 5sy1hoti1 e,haustion 1aused by 1reati;e e66ort #3. *typi1al psy1hosis heterogeneously 1ompounded o6 elements o6 epilepti1 and s1hi=oid disposition. #.. 5hasi1 hallu1inatory psy1hosis. #&. Geurasthenia #'. Hhroni1 sunstroke and the in6luen1e o6 yellow. #$. 5sy1homotor epilepsy %4. romomania %#. Mania1al e,1itement %%. 7urpentine poisoning %/. +ypertrophy o6 the 1reati;e 6or1es #'4

%-. *1ute mania with generali=ed delirium %3. Cpilepti1 1rises and atta1ks o6 epilepsy %.. 2lau1oma %&. 8rontotemporal dementia %'. Ianthopsia 1aused by digitalis "as treatment 6or mania(Aseeing the world through a yellow ha=e. Gumerous web sites dis1uss 0an 2oghBs 1ondition and possible diagnoses: http://www.psy1h.u1algary.1a/5*HC/0*-!ab/*0 C-<ebsite/0an2ogh.html http://www.u1hs1.edu/news/bridge/%44//Ean#/art#.html Most re1ently9 this diagnosis was published in The American .ournal o+ "sychiatry:
0in1ent ;an 2ogh "#'3/-#'$4( had an e11entri1 personality and unstable moods9 su66ered 6rom re1urrent psy1hoti1 episodes during the last % years o6 his e,traordinary li6e9 and 1ommitted sui1ide at the age o6 /&. espite limited e;iden1e9 well o;er #34 physi1ians ha;e ;entured a perple,ing ;ariety o6 diagnoses o6 his illness. +enri 2astaut9 in a study o6 the artistBs li6e and medi1al history published in #$3.9 identi6ied ;an 2oghBs maEor illness during the last % years o6 his li6e as temporal lobe epilepsy pre1ipitated by the use o6 absinthe in the presen1e o6 an early limbi1 lesion. In essen1e9 2astaut 1on6irmed the diagnosis originally made by the 8ren1h physi1ians who had treated ;an 2ogh. +owe;er9 ;an 2ogh had earlier su66ered two distin1t episodes o6 rea1ti;e depression9 and there are 1learly bipolar aspe1ts to his history. @oth episodes o6 depression were 6ollowed by sustained periods o6 in1reasingly high energy and enthusiasm9 6irst as an e;angelist and then as an artist. 7he highlights o6 ;an 2oghBs li6e and letters are re;iewed and dis1ussed in an e66ort toward better understanding o6 the 1omple,ity o6 his illness.

http://www.n1bi.nlm.nih.go;/entre=/query.61gi? 1mdJRetrie;eKdbJ5ubMedKlistLuidsJ##$%3%'.KdoptJ*bstra1t @lumer9 . "%44%(. 7he illness o6 0in1ent 0an 2ogh. American .ournal o+ "sychiatry, %/0, 3#$-3%.. $he #edical Perspective: -enes and Depression NIMH Re.or): Gene More Th n Dou'les Risk o& De.ression /ollo,ing Li&e S)resses *mong people who su66ered multiple stress6ul li6e e;ents o;er 3 years9 -/ per1ent with one ;ersion o6 a gene de;eloped depression9 1ompared to only #& per1ent with another ;ersion o6 the gene9 say resear1hers 6unded9 in part9 by the Gational Institute o6 Mental +ealth "GIM+(. 7hose with the short9 or stress-sensiti;e9 ;ersion o6 the serotonin transporter gene were also at higher risk 6or depression i6 they had been abused as 1hildren. )et no matter how many stress6ul li6e e;ents they endured9 people with the long9 or prote1ti;e9 ;ersion e,perien1ed no more depression than people who were totally spared 6rom stress6ul li6e e;ents. 7he short ;ariant appears to 1on6er ;ulnerability to stresses9 su1h as loss o6 a Eob9 breaking up with a partner9 death o6 a lo;ed one9 or a prolonged illness9 report rs. *;shalom Haspi and 7errie Mo66itt9 Dni;ersity o6 <is1onsin and FingBs Hollege !ondon9 and 1olleagues9 in the Muly #'9 %44/9 Science. 7he serotonin transporter gene 1odes 6or the protein in neurons9 brain 1ells9 that re1y1les the 1hemi1al messenger a6ter itBs been se1reted into the synapse9 the gul6 between 1ells. >in1e the most widely pres1ribed 1lass o6 antidepressants a1t by blo1king this transporter protein9 the gene has been a prime suspe1t in mood and an,iety disorders. )et9 its link to depression eluded dete1tion in eight pre;ious studies. #'#

<e 6ound the 1onne1tion only be1ause we looked at the study membersB stress history9 noted Mo66itt. >he suggested that measuring su1h pi;otal en;ironmental e;entsAwhi1h 1an in1lude in6e1tions and to,ins as well as psy1hoso1ial traumasAmight be the key to unlo1king the se1rets o6 psy1hiatri1 geneti1s. *lthough the short gene ;ariant appears to predi1t who will be1ome depressed 6ollowing li6e stress about as well as a test 6or bone mineral density predi1ts who will get a 6ra1tured hip a6ter a 6all9 itBs not yet ready 6or use as a diagnosti1 test9 Mo66itt 1autioned. I6 1on6irmed9 it may e;entually be used in 1onEun1tion with other9 yet-to-be-dis1o;ered genes that predispose 6or depression in a gene array test that 1ould help to identi6y 1andidates 6or pre;enti;e inter;entions. is1o;ering how the long ;ariant e,erts its apparent prote1ti;e e66e1t may also lead to new treatments9 added Mo66itt. C;eryone inherits two 1opies o6 the serotonin transporter gene9 one 6rom ea1h parent. 7he two ;ersions are 1reated by a slight ;ariation in the sequen1e o6 G* in a region o6 the gene that a1ts like a dimmer swit1h9 1ontrolling the le;el o6 the geneBs turning on and o66. 7his normal geneti1 ;ariation9 or polymorphism9 leads to transporters that 6un1tion somewhat di66erently. 7he short ;ariant makes less protein9 resulting in in1reased le;els o6 serotonin in the synapse and prolonged binding o6 the neurotransmitter to re1eptors on 1onne1ting neurons. Its transporter protein may thus be less e66i1ient at stopping unwanted messages9 Mo66itt suggests. Mo66itt and 1olleagues 6ollowed '-& Hau1asian Gew Nealanders9 born in the early l$&4s9 6rom birth into adulthood. Re6le1ting the appro,imate mi, o6 the two gene ;ariants in Hau1asian populations9 #& per1ent 1arried two 1opies o6 the stress-sensiti;e short ;ersion9 /# per1ent two 1opies o6 the prote1ti;e long ;ersion9 and 3# per1ent one 1opy o6 ea1h ;ersion. @ased on 1lues 6rom studies in kno1kout mi1e9 monkeys9 and 6un1tional brain imaging in humans9 the resear1hers hypothesi=ed that the short ;ariant predisposed 6or depression ;ia a gene-by-en;ironment intera1tion. 7hey 1harted study parti1ipantsB stress6ul li6e e;entsA employment9 6inan1ial9 housing9 health and relationship woesA6rom ages %# to %.. 7hese in1luded debt problems9 homelessness9 a disabling inEury9 and being an abuse ;i1tim. 7hirty per1ent had none9 %3 per1ent one9 %4 per1ent two9 ## per1ent three9 and #3 per1ent 6our or more su1h stress6ul li6e e,perien1es. <hen e;aluated at age %.9 #& per1ent o6 the parti1ipants had a diagnosis o6 maEor depression in the past year and three per1ent had either attempted or thought about sui1ide. *lthough 1arriers o6 the short ;ariant who e,perien1ed 6our or more li6e stresses represented only #4 per1ent o6 the study parti1ipants9 they a11ounted 6or nearly one quarter o6 the #// 1ases o6 depression. *mong those with 6our or more li6e stresses9 // per1ent with either one or two 1opies o6 the short ;ariantAand -/ per1ent o6 those with two 1opies o6 the short ;ariantAde;eloped depression9 1ompared to #& per1ent o6 those with two 1opies o6 the long ;ariant. 7he stress6ul li6e e;ents led to onset o6 new depression among people with one or two 1opies o6 the short gene ;ariant who didnBt ha;e depression be6ore the e;ents happened. 7he e;ents 6ailed to predi1t a diagnosis o6 new depression among those with two 1opies o6 the long ;ariant. *mong those who had e,perien1ed multiple stress6ul e;ents9 ## per1ent with the short ;ariant thought about or attempted sui1ide9 1ompared to - per1ent with two 1opies o6 the long ;ariant. 7hese sel6-reports were 1orroborated by reports 6rom parti1ipantsB lo;ed ones. 7he resear1hers suggest that e66e1ts o6 genes in 1omple, disorders like psy1hiatri1 illnesses are most likely to be un1o;ered when su1h li6e stresses are measured9 sin1e a geneBs e66e1ts may only be e,pressed9 or turned on9 in people e,posed to the requisite en;ironmental risks. #'%

http://www.nimh.nih.go;/e;ents/prgenestress.16m $he DSM-IV-TR >ummari=e the 3 a,es o6 the DSM-IV-T : "an a,is is a diagnosti1 dimension( #. 5rimary disorderAsyndromes9 like illnesses %. !ong-standing personality problems /. 5hysi1al disorders or illnesses -. >e;erity o6 stressors 3. !e;el o6 6un1tioning o;er past year >ummari=e the assumptions o6 the DSM-IV-T : des1ripti;e need 6or standardi=ed language 5resent two areas o6 1riti1ism o6 the DSM-IV-T : des1ripti;e dimensional ratings may be pre6erable "edia #resentation !deas: #edia Reso rces DVD: "istory o! #ental Illness %6:.1* Outstanding ;ideo presenting a summary o6 belie6s about the 1auses o6 psy1hologi1al disorders 6rom an1ient times to the present. #edia Reso rces DVD: Alcohol Addiction %6:/0* >how this segment to illustrate the role o6 the brain in psy1hologi1al disorders in;ol;ing substan1e abuse. #edia Reso rces DVD: 1re d's (ontrib tion to Psychology %2:/3*
>how this segment9 whi1h pro;ides a summary o6 8reudBs theory and a reena1tment o6 his methods o6 treatment.

Slide Show: Vincent Van -ogh

On 5ower5oint9 display a 1olle1tion o6 images 6rom the latter years o6 0an 2oghBs li6e9 at the same time playing the song 0in1ent by on M1!ean. 7his is a ;ery e66e1ti;e way to begin a dis1ussion o6 0an 2oghBs art and madness. 7he 0in1ent 0an 2ogh museum online 1an be 6ound at:

http://www.;angoghgallery.1om/painting/mainLa=.htm

#'/

4verhead: "istorical Perspectives on Abnormality +istori1al 0iews on 7reatment o6 Mental isorders $ime Re!ormer $echni5 e P rpose >tone *ges 7rephining rill hole in head to let e;il spirits out o6 the body 8ourth Hentury @.H. +ippo1rates "-.4-/&& @.H.( Rest9 e,er1ise9 abstinen1e 6rom al1ohol and se, Restore balan1e o6 6luids9 or humors9 in body 8i6teenth Hentury C,or1ism9 torture9 hanging Release e;il spirits Cighteenth Hentury 5hilippe 5inel "#&-3-#'%.( Re6orm at @i1etre *sylum in 5aris9 released patients 6rom 1hains9 1lassi6ied di66erent types o6 psy1hologi1al disturban1es Restore humanity to patients Gineteenth Hentury orothea i, "#'4%-#''&( >eparated mentally ill 6rom prisoners9 established state mental hospital system 2i;e good 1are 7wentieth Hentury Hli66ord @eers "#'&.-#$-/( Gational Hommittee 6or Mental +ygiene "#$4$(9 resear1h Impro;e 1onditions in mental hospitals

C1le1ti1 orientation o6 therapists Return patients to so1iety

#'-

Pop lar #ovie: "istorical Perspectives on Abnormality

One 8lew O;er the Hu1kooBs Gest is the 1lassi1 depi1tion o6 li6e in a psy1hiatri1 hospital in the late #$34s9 when CH7 was used as punishment.

4verhead: -enetic (ontrib tions to Depression

8rom the GIM+ web siteBs des1ription o6 the %44/ study on genes and depression9 show this o;erhead: "http://www.nimh.nih.go;/e;ents/prgenestress.16m*

4verhead: "eritability o! Schi6ophrenia 7his o;erhead pro;ides support 6or geneti1 1ontributions to s1hi=ophrenia by showing the higher 1on1ordan1e rates with in1reasing 6amilial relationships.

#'3

MODULE "0: THE MA1OR PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS An2ie)* Disor!ers Pho'i- Disor!er P ni- Disor!er Gener li3e! An2ie)* Disor!er O'sessi+e4Co(.ulsi+e Disor!er The C uses o& An2ie)* Disor!ers So( )o&or( Disor!ers Disso-i )i+e Disor!ers Moo! Disor!ers M 5or De.ression M ni n! %i.ol r Disor!ers C uses o& Moo! Disor!ers S-hi3o.hreni Sol+ing )he Pu33le o& S-hi3o.hreni : %iologi- l C uses En+iron(en) l Pers.e-)i+es on S-hi3o.hreni The Mul)i.le C uses o& S-hi3o.hreni Person li)* Disor!ers Chil!hoo! Disor!ers /ur)her Disor!ers 6h ) re )he ( 5or .s*-hologi- l !isor!ers7 Learning Objectives: /'-# es1ribe the an,iety disorders and their 1auses. /'-% es1ribe the somato6orm disorders and their 1auses. /'-/ es1ribe the disso1iati;e disorders and their 1auses. /'-es1ribe the mood disorders and their 1auses. /'-3 es1ribe the types o6 s1hi=ophrenia9 its main symptoms9 and the theories that a11ount 6or its 1auses. /'-. es1ribe the personality disorders and their 1auses. Student ssignments: Interactivity 6/: Schi6ophrenia Symptoms >tudents wat1h a brie6 ;ideo o6 an inter;iew with a 1lient who has s1hi=ophrenia and answer questions about the 1lientBs symptoms and other 6eatures o6 the disorder. Interactivity 62: 7ipolar Disorder Symptoms >tudents wat1h a brie6 ;ideo o6 an inter;iew with a 1lient who has bipolar disorder and answer questions about the 1lientBs symptoms and other 6eatures o6 the disorder. Interactivity 68: Agoraphobia Symptoms >tudents wat1h a brie6 ;ideo o6 an inter;iew with a 1lient who has agoraphobia and answer questions about the 1lientBs symptoms and other 6eatures o6 the disorder. Interactivity 60: 7orderline Symptoms >tudents wat1h a brie6 ;ideo o6 an inter;iew with a 1lient who has bipolar personality disorder and answer questions about the 1lientBs symptoms and other 6eatures o6 the disorder. Perspectives on Speci!ic Disorders #'.

*sk students the 6ollowing questions: Hhoose the psy1hologi1al disorder that is o6 greatest interest to you and answer these questions: #. >tate whi1h disorder it is and summari=e its diagnosti1 1riteria. %. C,plain why this disorder is 1onsidered abnormal beha;ior. /. Hompare two approa1hes to understanding this disorder "su1h as biologi1al ;s. so1io1ultural( and state whi1h approa1h you pre6er "and why(. Abnormal Psychology in the #edia +a;e students 1omplete +andout #%-% on representations o6 abnormality in the popular media. #ovie Depictions o! Psychological Disorders *sk students the 6ollowing questions: #. es1ribe a mo;ie 1hara1ter who you think is a good e,ample o6 a psy1hologi1al disorder. %. <hat disorder does this 1hara1ter represent? <hy? /. o you think that the mo;ie did a good Eob or a bad Eob o6 depi1ting this disorder? <hy? -. <hat impa1t do you think that mo;ies 1an ha;e on how people 6eel about psy1hologi1al disorders? Power9eb: Schi6ophrenia 7he >1hi=ophreni1 Mind9 >haron @egley9 Ne1s1ee2, Mar1h ##9 %44%. Re1ent mo;ies and 1ases in 1riminal 1ourts ha;e brought the ba66ling illness s1hi=ophrenia to our attention. 7his arti1le dis1usses what s1hi=ophrenia is and how it 1an be treated. Lecture !deas: S mmary o! Disorders 5ro;ide brie6 summaries o6 the maEor disorders and their symptoms using the 6ollowing guide: Ma3or Dia$nostic Cate$ories: Dse 8igure /'-% to pro;ide an o;er;iew o6 the maEor disorders 1o;ered in the te,t. An4iety disorders: 5hobi1 disorder "spe1i6i1 phobia(Aintense and irrational 6ears. 5ani1 disorderAsense o6 impending doom 2enerali=ed an,iety disorderAlong-term 1onsistent an,iety resulting in physiologi1al problems Obsessi;e-1ompulsi;e disorderAobsessions are re1urring9 irrational thoughts 1ompulsions are repetiti;e9 purposeless beha;iors. "Gote: >o1ial 5hobia is not 1o;ered( Somato+orm disorders: 7wo maEor 6orms o6 somato6orm disorder are: +ypo1hondriasisA1onstant 6ear o6 illness and physi1al sensations interpreted as signs o6 disease. Hon;ersion disorderAphysi1al disturban1e with psy1hologi1al 1ause. Dissociati5e disorders: isso1iati;e identity disorderA6ormerly 1alled multiple personality disorder9 in;ol;es se;eral alters and a host personality. isso1iati;e amnesiaA6orgetting o6 personal e;ents with no physiologi1al 1ause. #'&

isso1iati;e 6ugueAentering into an altered state o6 beha;ior or a1tions.

Mood disorders: MaEor depressi;e disorder: Dnusually sad mood along with physiologi1al symptoms9 6eelings o6 guilt9 low sel6-esteem9 and sui1idality. @ipolar disorder "6ormerly mani1 depression(: at least one period o6 mania9 in;ol;ing euphoria: may alternate with period o6 depressed mood. Schi,o6hrenia e1line 6rom pre;ious le;el o6 6un1tioning isturban1es o6 thought and language elusions "6alse belie6s( +allu1inations "6alse per1eptions( Cmotional "a66e1ti;e( disturban1e <ithdrawal OIn addition to these symptoms9 there are 6i;e subtypes o6 s1hi=ophrenia "see 8igure /'-&(P "ersonality Disorders: >ymptoms: !ittle personal distress May lead seemingly normal li;es Rigid9 in6le,ible maladapti;e personality traits 7hree types dis1ussed in te,t: *ntiso1ial personality disorderAimpulsi;eness9 1riminal beha;ior9 la1k o6 remorse. @orderline personality disorderAinstability o6 sel6 and relationships. Gar1issisti1 personality disorderAe,treme preo11upation with oneBs own appearan1e9 needs9 and 1on1erns. 1orms o! Speci!ic Phobia @elow are some o6 the less 1ommon but interestingly named phobias. >ee how many your students 1an guess "knowledge o6 !atin helpsQQ(. @e 1are6ul9 though9 not to make 6un o6 any o6 these phobias9 as some students may a1tually ha;e one o6 these9 though the odds are low. More phobias 1an be 6ound on this unauthori=ed but entertaining web site: http://www.phobialist.1om/ *blutophobiaA8ear o6 washing or bathing *erophobiaA8ear o6 swallowing air *mbulophobiaA8ear o6 walking *nablephobiaA8ear o6 looking up *nemophobiaA8ear o6 wind *nthrophobiaA8ear o6 6lowers *ra1hibutyrophobiaA8ear o6 peanut butter sti1king to the roo6 o6 the mouth. *rithmophobiaA8ear o6 numbers *ulophobiaA8ear o6 6lutes *uroraphobiaA8ear o6 Gorthern !ights @arophobiaA8ear o6 gra;ity @asophobiaA8ear o6 walking #''

@atophobiaA8ear o6 being 1lose to high buildings @ibliophobiaA8ear o6 books @lennophobiaA8ear o6 slime @ogyphobiaA8ear o6 the bogeyman HathisophobiaA8ear o6 sitting HatoptrophobiaA8ear o6 mirrors HhaetophobiaA8ear o6 hair HhionophobiaA8ear o6 snow HhromatophobiaA8ear o6 1olors HhronophobiaA8ear o6 time HhronomentrophobiaA8ear o6 1lo1ks HibophobiaA8ear o6 6ood HlinophobiaA8ear o6 going to bed HnidophobiaA8ear o6 string e1iophobiaA8ear o6 making de1isions endrophobiaA8ear o6 trees e,trophobiaA8ear o6 obEe1ts at the right side o6 the body idaskaleinophobiaA8ear o6 s1hool CisoptrophobiaA8ear o6 mirrors CleutherophobiaA8ear o6 6reedom CosophobiaA8ear o6 daylight CpistemophobiaA8ear o6 knowledge CrgophobiaA8ear o6 work CreuthophobiaA8ear o6 the 1olor red 2eliophobiaA8ear o6 laughter 2eniophobiaA8ear o6 1hins 2enuphobiaA8ear o6 knees 2eumaphobiaA8ear o6 taste 2nosiophobiaA8ear o6 knowledge 2raphophobiaA8ear o6 writing +eliophobiaA8ear o6 the sun +elmintophobiaA8ear o6 being in6ested with worms +emophobiaA8ear o6 blood +ippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobiaA8ear o6 long words +omi1hlophobiaA8ear o6 6og +ypnophobiaA8ear o6 sleep I1hthyophobiaA8ear o6 6ish IdeophobiaA8ear o6 ideas FainophobiaA8ear o6 anything new FathisophobiaA8ear o6 sitting down !a1hanophobiaA8ear o6 ;egetables !eukophobiaA8ear o6 the 1olor white !e;ophobiaA8ear o6 obEe1ts to the le6t side o6 the body !inonophobiaA8ear o6 string !ogophobiaA8ear o6 words MelanophobiaA8ear o6 the 1olor bla1k MelophobiaA8ear o6 musi1 MetrophobiaA8ear o6 poetry MnemophobiaA8ear o6 memories MottephobiaA8ear o6 moths GebulaphobiaA8ear o6 6og #'$

GeophobiaA8ear o6 anything new GephophobiaA8ear o6 1louds GomatophobiaA8ear o6 names O1tophobiaA8ear o6 the number ' OmmetaphobiaA8ear o6 eyes OneirophobiaA8ear o6 dreams OphthalmophobiaA8ear o6 opening oneBs eyes Ostra1onophobiaA8ear o6 shell6ish 5anophobiaA8ear o6 e;erything 5apyrophobiaA8ear o6 paper 5araska;edekatriaphobiaA8ear o6 8riday the #/th 5eladophobiaA8ear o6 bald people 5hengophobiaA8ear o6 daylight 5hobophobiaA8ear o6 6ear 5hotophobiaA8ear o6 light 5hronemophobiaA8ear o6 thinking 5ogonophobiaA8ear o6 beards >1iophobiaA8ear o6 shadows >1olionophobiaA8ear o6 s1hool >elenophobiaA8ear o6 the moon >iderophobiaA8ear o6 stars >itophobiaA8ear o6 6ood >ophophobiaA8ear o6 learning >tasibasiphobiaA8ear o6 walking 7haasophobiaA8ear o6 sitting 7ri1hopathophobiaA8ear o6 hair 7riskadekaphobiaA8ear o6 the number #/ 0erbophobiaA8ear o6 words IanthophobiaA8ear o6 the 1olor yellow Physician:Assisted S icide;Relationship to #a&or Depressive Disorder %!rom Petti&ohn's (onnecte)t* 7he right o6 a terminally ill person to 1ommit sui1ide with the assistan1e o6 a physi1ian is 1urrently a 1ontro;ersial issue in the Dnited >tates. >ui1ide is o6ten 1onsidered an abnormal beha;ior that should be pre;ented at all 1osts. 7here are sui1ide telephone hot-lines dedi1ated to persuading indi;iduals 6rom 1ommitting this a1t. Han sui1ide be ;iewed as a normal9 rational beha;ior? 5erhaps the strongest 1ase 1ould be made 6or terminally ill patients who e,perien1e e,treme pain "+umphry9 #$$%(. Many people now write li;ing wills that di1tate treatments to be gi;en or re6used in the e;ent o6 a terminal illness. I6 a terminally ill person re6uses treatment9 this might be 1onsidered a type o6 passi;e sui1ide. More 1ontro;ersial is the situation in whi1h a terminally ill person will not immediately die9 but will ha;e to endure a long period o6 pain and su66ering. One alternati;e to this situation is assisted sui1ide9 in whi1h the indi;idual is helped in the sui1ide by a physi1ian. 8or the past de1ade9 Ma1k Fe;orkian9 a Mi1higan retired pathologist9 has been a1ti;ely in;ol;ed in assisted sui1ides and has lobbied to make assisted sui1ide legal 6or mentally 1ompetent indi;iduals. Opponents argue that potential sui1ide ;i1tims are not mentally 1ompetent. Indeed9 many terminally ill patients be1ome se;erely depressed prior to a11epting their situation. It is generally assumed that depressed patients are not rational about sui1ide. >ome people also ;oi1e 1on1erns that i6 assisted sui1ide is san1tioned9 there will be more pressure 6or the elderly to end their li;es #$4

prematurely. >omeone might not want to be a burden on others9 or might belie;e that relati;es donBt want them around. 7he assisted sui1ide debate in;ol;es legal9 medi1al9 and psy1hologi1al issues. 7he solution will not be easy9 but will need the 1ooperation and understanding o6 many di66erent 6a1tions. Re6eren1e +umphry9 . "#$$%(. Rational sui1ide among the elderly. Suicides and 7i+e-Threatenin$ Beha5ior9 **, #%3-#%$. "edia #resentation !deas: #edia Reso rces DVD: 7ea ti! l #inds: An Interview with <ohn =ash and Son %3:8.* *n inter;iew with Gobel pri=eRwinning mathemati1ian Mohn Gash and son pro;ides insight into the e,perien1e o6 s1hi=ophrenia. #edia Reso rces DVD: Symptoms o! Schi6ophrenia %2:20* @rie6 inter;iew with a s1hi=ophreni1 patient. #edia Reso rces DVD: Depression: $heories and $reatments %8:./* C,amines the 1auses o6 and medi1ations 6or depression. #edia Reso rces DVD: 7ipolar Disorder %8:28* Hase e,ample o6 a man with bipolar disorder: in1ludes methods o6 brain imaging. #edia Reso rces DVD: Dysthymia %1:88* Inter;iew o6 a patient with dysthymia. #edia Reso rces DVD: P$SD %2:/0* Inter;iew o6 a patient with 57> . Pop lar #ovies and $elevision Shows 7he 6ollowing are a list o6 6ilms that portray 1hara1ters with psy1hologi1al disorders: 8atal *ttra1tion: @orderline personality disorder *s 2ood as it 2ets: Mat1hsti1k Men: Obsessi;e-1ompulsi;e disorder Iris: *l=heimerBs isease * @eauti6ul Mind: >1hi=ophrenia "Media Resour1es has inter;iew with Gash( 5olla1k: epression "and al1ohol abuse( Hhi1ago: *ntiso1ial personality disorder in 6emales ";ery unusualQ( Fing o6 +earts: Mental illness and so1iety 0ertigo: *n,iety disorder "a1rophobia( @enny and Moon: >1hi=ophrenia <hat *bout @ob: @orderline personality disorder 8isher Fing: >1hi=ophrenia 2irl Interrupted: @orderline personality disorder "and/or depression( 2one <ith the <ind: +istrioni1 personality disorder +ea;enly Hreatures: >hared psy1hoti1 disorder 7he +ours: MaEor depressi;e disorder I *m >am: Mental retardation Memento: *mnesti1 disorder >ybil: isso1iati;e identity disorder Gurse @etty: isso1iati;e 6ugue #$#

Rain Man: *utisti1 disorder >ingle <hite 8emale: @orderline personality disorder 7he 0irgin >ui1ides: epression in teens 7he tele;ision program CR pro;ided an e,1ellent e,ample o6 bipolar disorder in the 1hara1ter o6 *bbyBs "the nurse( mother9 played by >ally 8ield. 1orms o! Phobia >how these terms and 1lip art illustrations 6or a ;ariety o6 types o6 phobias: 5ani1 isorder 5ani1 atta1ks o11ur without a spe1i6i1 trigger or stimulus *goraphobia 8ear o6 being in a situation in whi1h es1ape is di66i1ult9 and in whi1h help 6or a possible pani1 atta1k would not be a;ailable 8ear o6 1ats

*ilurophobia

*ra1hnophobia

8ear o6 spiders

Hynophobia

8ear o6 dogs

Cquinophobia

8ear o6 horses

Inse1tophobia

8ear o6 inse1ts

Ophidiophobia

8ear o6 snakes

Rodentophobia

8ear o6 rodents

*1rophobia

8ear o6 heights

#$%

@rontophobia

8ear o6 thunder

Hlaustrophobia

8ear o6 small9 en1losed spa1es

Mysophobia

8ear o6 dirt

Gy1tophobia

8ear o6 darkness

MODULE "8: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN PERSPECTI$E The Pre+ len-e o& Ps*-hologi- l Disor!ers: The Men) l S) )e o& )he Union The So-i l n! Cul)ur l Con)e2) o& Ps*-hologi- l Disor!ers How prevalent are psychological disorders? What indicators signal a need for the help of a mental health practitioner? Exploring Diversity DSM and Culture-and the Culture o+ DSM eco!ing "n In#or!e$ Consu!er o# Psychology Decidin$ 8hen 9ou Need :el6 Learning Objectives: /$-# is1uss the other 6orms o6 abnormal beha;ior des1ribed in the DSM-IV, the pre;alen1e o6 psy1hologi1al disorders9 and issues related to seeking help. "pp. -$3R-$'( Student ssignments: Interactivity 66: Prevalence o! Psychological Disorders >tudents answer questions about the pre;alen1e o6 maEor psy1hologi1al disorders. 9eb Research >end students to the >urgeon 2eneralBs Report on Mental +ealth http://www.surgeongeneral.go;/library/mentalhealth/home.html. 7his is an e,tensi;e web site with detailed in6ormation about the maEor psy1hologi1al disorders. 2i;e students instru1tions to report on a disorder that they personally 6ound to be the most interesting. Re;iew brie6ly the symptoms9 1auses9 and pre;alen1e o6 this disorder. Indi1ate how it di66ers among age-groups "1hildren9 teens9 adults9 older adults(. <hat are the prospe1ts 6or the 6uture o6 6inding a 1ure 6or this disorder? Lecture !deas: S rgeon's -eneral Report *s noted abo;e9 the >urgeon 2eneralBs Report 1ontains a wealth o6 in6ormation "http://www.surgeongeneral.go;/library/mentalhealth/home.html(. *ll material in this web site is in the publi1 domain. Reprodu1e summaries9 6igures9 and tables either as handouts or as le1ture o;erheads and slides. #$/

In!ormation on #ental Illness !rom =I#" C,tensi;e ba1kground in6ormation on mental illness 1an be 6ound on this web site: http://www.nimh.nih.go;/publi1at/inde,.16m. 7his web site 1ontains GIM+ publi1ations9 in1luding o;erheads9 statisti1s9 pro6essional publi1ations9 and in6ormation 6or the publi1. "edia #resentation !deas: =ational "ealth Interview S rvey %="IS* Res lts 7he G+I> tra1ks the health o6 *meri1ans. 7hese o;erheads summari=e 6indings 6rom the portion o6 the sur;ey 1on1erning mental health "more details 1an be 6ound at http://www.1d1.go;/n1hs/about/maEor/nhis/released%44/4/.htmS#/.(

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