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Division, looks around a washing machine junkyard during a search for weapons caches in Baghdad, Iraq,
March 29, 2007

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COMBAT LOAD REPORT, LCDR Demetri Economos USN,Marine Corps Combat Development Command,Materiel 20
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21

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Gear now costs 100 times more than in WWII The Crescent-News Wednesday, October 3, 2007 Department of Defense;
GlobalSecurity.org
 29

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Drew Brown,'" Bombs and bullets aren't soldiers' biggest dangers- WAR: Injuries and illness take more soldiers away 40
from battlefields in Iraq and Afghanistan", Duluth superior ,01-2005.
Effect of military ioads on ground reaction forces. 41
 43

Alun G. Williams, Mark P. Rayson, "Effects of basic training on material handling ability and physical fitness of British Army 42
recruits", Taylor & Francis, 8-1999.
"Women in Land Combat", Center for Military Readiness, 11-04. 43
 44

45

46

44
45
GREGORY
46
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MAJ. Joseph J. Knapik "Soldier Load Carriage: Historical, Physiological, Biomechanical,

and Medical Aspects" Military Medicine, 169,2004 ,p. 45-53

Bert H. Jacobson, Jennifer Kaloupek, Doug B. Smith, " Load Carriage Force Production Comparison Between 47
Standard and Anti-shock Trekking Poles", Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma USA,
 180

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140

120

100

80

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 48

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MAJ. Joseph J. Knapik "Soldier Load Carriage: Historical, Physiological, Biomechanical, and Medical Aspects" Military
Medicine, 169,2004,p. 45-53
 49

Army Natick Soldier Center MA

50

51

52

53

54

49
http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3342294,00.html

50
Reynolds KL, White JS, Knapik JJ, Witt CE, Amoroso PJ., " Injuries and risk factors in a 100-mile (161- km) infantry road
march", Military Performance Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
01760-5007, USA.
51
Johnson RF, Knapik JJ, Merullo DJ.," Symptoms during load carrying: effects of mass and load distribution during a 20-
km road march", Neuroscience Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760-5007,
USA. 1995.
52
Knapik J, Reynolds K, Staab J, Vogel JA, Jones B., "Injuries associated with strenuous road marching.", Occupational
Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760. 1992
53
Christie CJ, Scott PA., " Metabolic responses of South African soldiers during simulated marching with 16 combinations
of speed and backpack load", Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South
Africa.
54
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Emily Steele, Andrea Bialocerkowski, " The postural effects of load carriage on young people", The Centre for Allied 59
Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia, 2003.
60

Leffert RD - Orthop Clin North Am, "Backpacks and Back Pain- Is Your Child's Backpack Too Heavy?, 01- Apr -2000, 61
G. Sheir-Neiss, Ph.D. , R. Kruse, D.O., T. Rahman, Ph.D. , L. Jacobson, Sc.D. , J. Pelli, M.S., " Backpack Use as a Risk Factor
in Children's Back Pain", A.I. duPont Hospital, Wilmington, DE, 2Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
 TIBIA

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"Combat Load Report", LCDR Demetri Economos USN,Marine Corps Combat Development Command,Materiel 72
Requirements Division,Quantico, Virginia,31 DEC 2003
Task Force Devil, CTF8273

Average Body
Avg
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Emergency
Weight
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Weight Load* Load

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79.56% 62.71% 44.74%

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68.92% 60.3 62.21% 44.46% M240B

80.08% 67 66.11% 38.21% M240B

78.46% 65.3 62.19% 53 36.59% M240B

62.67% 54 46.35% 31.53%

65.44% 53.5 50.33% 34.02%

69.88% 53.7 51.58% 31.08%

no data no data 54.08% 35.60%

avail avail
88.14% 64.22% 38.06% 29 60mm

77.92% 53.50% 33.05%

77.82% 131.74 56.74% 35.27% .

73
Charles E. Dean Devil CAAT Team Leader," Soldier Loads in Combat- Modern Warrior s Combat Load", CENTER FOR
ARMY LESSONS LEARNED
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74

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COMBAT LOAD REPORT,

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79

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75
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LCDR Demetri Economos USN,Marine Corps Combat Development Command,Materiel Requirements Division,Quantico, 77
Virginia,31 DEC 2003
78
79
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SLA Marshall " Soldier's Load and the Mobility of a Nation", 1950
87
88
LCDR Demetri Economos USA, "Combat Load Report", Marine Corps Combat Development Command, 2003
89
Karen Grimmer, Brenton Dansie, Steve Milanese, Ubon Pirunsan, and Patricia Trott, " Adolescent standing postural
response to backpack loads: a randomised controlled experimental study", Centre for Allied Health Research, University of
South Australia City East Campus, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
5

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107

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Berkeley Robotics and Human Engineering Laboratory. 109

110
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 111

113 112

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123

122
LCDR Demetri Economos USA, "Combat Load Report", Marine Corps Combat Development Command, 2003
123
124

124
 125

A.T.V.

126

MULE

127

"Physiological, biomechanical, and maximal

performance comparisons of soldiers carrying loads using U.S. Marine corps Modolar lightweight

125
126
127
load - carrying equipment (MOLLE), and U.S. Army modular load system (MLS) prototypes".128

129

128
Everett Harman, Peter Frykman, , U.S. ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICUNE,
February 1999.
129
 130

131

130

131
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carrying loads using U.S. Marine corps Modular lightweight load - carrying equipment (MOLLE), and U.S. Army modular
load system (MLS) prototypes", February 1999.
 A.P.C.

A.T.V. All Terrain Vehicle

B.M.S. Battle Management System
F.C.S. Future Combat System
G.P.S. Global Position Satellite
AUSA S. Palmer
AUSA
 - - -

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http://www.scribd.com/doc/28536
- -
-
-

http://www.intelligence.org.il/sp/jenin/jen_y.htm

NFC

- -

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 http://www.inn.co.il - -

Noah Shachtman , "The Army's New Land Warrior Gear: Why Soldiers Don't Like It",
Popular Mechanics, 2007

http://www.peosoldier.army.mil
" FUTURE COMBAT SYSTEMS FCS
http://www.army.mil/fcs
http://www.isayeret.com/content isayeret
http://www.militaryphotos.net
http://www.fresh.co.il/vBulletin/ D

http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/

2004.
SLA Marshall , Soldier's Load and the Mobility of a Nation, 1950

MSN
 http://www.ayalot.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=262
- -

-
- - nrg

http://www.greenaction.org.il/nosecurity/krina/mevaker.doc
29
6.7.2004
http://www.greenaction.org.il/nosecurity/phaial/asbestKnesset.htm

- -
ynet
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MAJ. Knapik Joseph J. "Soldier Load Carriage: Historical , Physiological,
Biomechanical, and Medical Aspects" Military Medicine , 169 , 2004 ,p. 45-53
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performance comparisons of soldiers carrying loads using U.S. Marine corps
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Biomechanical, and Medical Aspects", Military Medicine, 169, 2004
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effects of varying backpack loading on simulated marching.", Department of
Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
Knapik JJ, Ang P, Meiselman H, Johnson W, Kirk J, Bensel C, Hanlon W., "Soldier
performance and strenuous road marching: influence of load mass and load
distribution", Soldier Performance Division, Human Research and Engineering
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Haisman MF., " Determinants of load carrying ability", Army Personnel Research
Establishment, Farnborough, Hants. GU14 6TD, UK.
LaFiandra M, Wagenaar RC, Holt KG, Obusek JP., " How do load carriage and walking
speed influence trunk coordination and stride parameters?" Sargent College of Health
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effect of backpack load on the gait of normal adolescent girls", Jockey Club
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Lloyd R, Cooke CB., " The oxygen consumption associated with unloaded walking
and load carriage using two different backpack designs", School of Sciences,
University of Sunderland, UK
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simulated marching with 16 combinations of speed and backpack load", Department
of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
Wang WJ, Crompton RH. , " The role of load-carrying in the evolution of modern body
proportions", Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of
Liverpool, UK.
Reynolds KL, White JS, Knapik JJ, Witt CE, Amoroso PJ., " Injuries and risk factors in a
100-mile (161- km) infantry road march", Military Performance Division, U.S. Army
Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts 01760-5007, USA.
Knapik J, Reynolds K, Staab J, Vogel JA, Jones B., " Injuries associated with strenuous
road marching", Occupational Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of
Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760.
Patton JF, Kaszuba J, Mello RP, Reynolds KL., " Physiological responses to prolonged
treadmill walking with external loads", Occupational Physiology Division, US Army
Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
Abe D, Yanagawa K, Niihata S., " Effects of load carriage, load position, and walking
speed on energy cost of walking", Faculty of Integrated Cultures and Humanities,
University of East Asia, 2-1 Ichinomiya Gakuen-cho, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 751-8503,
Japan
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during Operation Enduring Freedom", Military Medicine, Volume 169, Number 10,
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illness take more soldiers away from battlefields in Iraq and Afghanistan", Duluth
superior,01-2005. http://www.duluthsuperior.com/mld/duluthsuperior/13554514.htm
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Wallace, " Load Carriage Model Development and Testing with Field Data", Army
Natick Soldier Center MA
Bert H. Jacobson, Jennifer Kaloupek, Doug B. Smith, " Load Carriage Force Production
Comparison Between Standard and Anti-shock Trekking Poles", Oklahoma State
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No3/jacobson.asp
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M.S., " Backpack Use as a Risk Factor in Children's Back Pain", A.I. duPont Hospital,
2
Wilmington, DE, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
http://www.spineuniverse.com/displayarticle.php/article1754.html
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Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760-5007, USA. 1995.
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Too Heavy?, 01- Apr -2000,
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"Characterizing Center of Mass and Moment of Inertia of Soldiers' Loads Packed for
Combat", Army Natick Soldier Center MA.
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Taiwanese Males", Southern Taiwan University of Technology, Taiwan, ROC, 2005.
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ability and physical fitness of British Army recruits", Taylor & Francis, 8-1999.
Emily Steele, Andrea Bialocerkowski, " The postural effects of load carriage on young
people", The Centre for Allied Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide,
Australia, 2003.
Knapik J, Reynolds K, Staab J, Vogel JA, Jones B., "Injuries associated with
strenuous road marching.", Occupational Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760. 1992
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Surveys and Research data", Atlas of Injuries in the U.S. Armed Forces.
 LCDR Demetri Economos USA, "Combat Load Report", Marine Corps Combat
Development Command, 2003

http://www.isc.co.il/forums/list.php?f=24&t=65945&a=1
http://www.ynet.co.il/home/1,7340,L-2283-12605,00.html Ynet
http://www.ynet.co.il/home/0,7340,L-3375-18062,00.html Ynet
http://www.doctors.co.il/m/Doctors/a/Forums/xFF/List/xFI/11

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http://www.greenaction.org.il

123
171 54
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NEWS,13- DEFENSE Vests", Armor Better for Work Industry Marines, SU, 2-2006, p.
52
Joan M Stevenson, Tim J Bryant, "Development and assessment of the
Canadian personal load carriage system using objective biomechanical
measures", Taylor& Francis, Volume 47,no. 12\ October , 2004
Harold Kennedy, Army Striving to Lighten Load for Combat Soldiers, national defense
magazine, July 2001
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Development Command ,Materiel Requirements Division ,Quantico, Virginia,31 DEC 2003
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Farrel Tony, The Army recruits a new pack, BACKPACKER, May 1999,p. 26
Charles E. Dean Devil CAAT Team Leader," Soldier Loads in Combat- Modern
Warrior s Combat Load", CENTER FOR ARMY LESSONS LEARNED
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experimental study", Centre for Allied Health Research, University of South Australia City
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http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=111061#B14
Harold Kennedy ,"Army Striving to Lighten Load for Combat Soldiers", National
Defense, 2005
"
Troops to test Liquid Armur The SUNDAY TIMES, 3-9-06
Gear now costs 100 times more than in WWII The Crescent-News Wednesday,
October 3, 2007

http://www.camelbak.com/mil/military.cfm camelback o
http://www.hagor.co.il o
http://www.marom-dolphin.co.il o
http://www.smamit.co.il o
 http://www.gregorypacks.com/index.html Gregorypacks o
http://www.rabintex.com o
Artek o
http://www.artek-bags.com
- (FMS Enterprises Migun) o
http://www.fms.co.il " ,
- - o
http://planet.nana.co.il/niryan/PolarHebMainFrames.htm

-Isayeret o
http://www.isayeret.com/content/vest/article.htm
http://www.assaultvest.com o
http://www.militarymorons.com/frame_bottom.html o
http://www.kifaru.net/MGhome.htm o

- The Marker
- -
-
- -

,INTERNATIONAL DEFENSE " :

'8 2006 , ,REVIEW British Army Stages Trials of Revised FIST V2
 http://www.hayadan.org.il2
http://www.gizmag.co.uk/home GIZMAG
132

133

134

132
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133
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134
 135

Joan
M Stevenson, Tim J Bryant, "Development and assessment of the Canadian personal load
carriage system using objective biomechanical measures", Taylor& Francis, Volume 47,no.
12\ October, 2004

F.C.S.
136

MAJ. Joseph J. Knapik "Soldier Load Carriage: Historical, Physiological,

Biomechanical, and Medical Aspects" Military Medicine, 169, 2004 ,p. 45-53

137

135

http://www.fresh.co.il/vBulletin/forumdisplay.php?f=20 136
137
 138

139

U.S. ARMY Medical Research and Materiel

Everett Harman, Peter Frykman, "Physiological, biomechanical, and maximal Command
performance comparisons of soldiers carrying loads using U.S. Marine corps Modular
lightweight load-carrying equipment (MOLLE), and U.S. Army modular load system (MLS)
prototypes", U.S. ARMY Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, February 1999.
140
"Combat Load Report"

141

138
lhttp://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3342294,00.htm
139
140
LCDR Demetri Economos USA, "Combat Load Report", Marine Corps Combat Development Command, 2003
141
G. Sheir-Neiss, Ph.D. , R. Kruse, D.O., T. Rahman, Ph.D. , L. Jacobson, Sc.D. , J. Pelli, M.S., " Backpack Use as a
2
Risk Factor in Children's Back Pain", A.I. duPont Hospital, Wilmington, DE, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,
USA
23