Class

^1\

Book

^'ll.
COPyRIGHT DEPOSIT

GopightN"

21 7

CHAPTER ON LETTERING
With Samples of

Figures, Headings,
Scrolls

Initials,

and

Titles.

THE DRAFTSMAN
Price,

25

cents.

Cleveland, Ohio

CONTENTS
.^'

Sample Style

of Lettering

Practice Sheet

Common

Errors on Mechanical Drawings

Block Type

....
UBRARY
of
.

4
5

6
12

Fancy Letters
Initial Letters

15
17
OOPsGSESS
rtcceived

Monograms
Scrolls

Headings and Show Cards

and Tail Pieces
on Drawings

i8
21,.

Two Copies

APR 24 1905
Gopyrig/ii tnxry

Titles

22

Borders
Title Plate
.

OliiSS

a-^

XXc. No!

24
25

copy

8.

REMARKS
for the following pages were made by Mr. E. H. Browning. Mr. C. C. Riester, Mr. F. H. Sibley, Mr. J. S. Myers, Mr. W. A. Thompson and the draftsman as noted on the sketches or connected with the magazine credited.

Mr.

The sketches W. K. King,

Copyrighted by

W. D.

BROWNING
O.
1905

Cleveland,

PUBLISHED BY

THE BROWNING PRESS

CLEVELAND,
O.

A CHAPTER ON LETTERING
T
is

not so the

much

the

pointed,

some

stub,

idea of instruction as
to

coarseness of the

point

and the and the

letters

forming of and figures as

extensive
it

pressure determines the line.

A new
the
oil

pen should be claaned of

in

more
of

coating by dipping in the

text-books, as
to give a

is

ink and wiping several times, or by

collection
titles

alphabets,
that

moistening with the tongue.

The

headings,

and borders

will aid the student in the arrange-

ment

of

such things on drawings.

The

student will do well to

of

make
full

a collection

engravings,

designs, letterings, comics, figures,

initials, tail pieces, etc.,

pen should be wiped clean every time it is laid away, and should not be used in common writing inks, for they will corrode it badly. Keep the bottle off the drawing, and take the pen to the ink, and
carry
it

from

cata-

carefully to avoid a blot.

logues,

magazines, papers, books,

Assume an easy
to

position as

in

writing, and avoid gripping the pen

cramp the fingers. Never use a blotter on the

to

letter-

ing as one does in

allow the ink time

writing,
dr3^

but
thus

avoiding

brown and
is

thin

lines.

When

the flow has been too rapid,

piled high, tear off a

and the ink

Fig.
I

piece of the blotter and bring the

tip
in

down

to the

top of the globule

etc.,

and to put them

for future use.
of the

a scrap

of ink to absorb

some

of

it

without
is

book

spreading
the case

it

over the paper, as

the blotter
is

Any

used for
free-hand

many styles of pens writing may be used for

lettering,

if

laid flat

upon the

ink.

but the

tee-

The

student,

and in

fact

the

square and ruling pen and

compass

will be

many of the other styles. The pen which is best adapted

a certain piece of

needed for

Compressed leffecing /s use^ f05Cf^e space on a ^framn^:^

for
Fig. 3

work can be

deter-

mined onh^ by

trial.

Some
a

draftsGillott,

draftsman,
letters.

should lay

out

guide
of the

men and
some
a

artists

prefer

lines for the height

and slant

Spencerian,

some

a ball-

The Slant

of Letters.

It has been suggested by Mr. Reinhardt that a slope of i to 21 ( Fig. I ) is sufficient for the stems or down strokes of the letters, and ordinarily an angle of 45 with the

horizontal will sufflce for the

trc>kes

up

and the axis of

ellipses,

excepting that of the letter O. The latter angle will have to be increased
of course

pressed as

when the lettering shown in Fig. 3.

is

com-

Ex n o/e^ d Le tte^ ^'^^0

te,
/5

used for

Emphas/s
Fig. 4

An

angle of 60 with the hori-

zontal (Fig. 2) will

Fig.

make

the letter

lay over considerable

I
,

but

still

more than in makes a good-lookis

ing
that

letter.

It

very important

all letters

in the

same word'and

sentence have the same inclination.

The Form

of Letters.

Almost every curve of the letters and figures of the vertical and inclined types may be considered as embodied in the letter o or O, so
that
it

would be well
on
it

for the student

to practice
it

until

he can make
5.

neatly, as indicated in Fig.

Style of Letters.

An
shown

easy

style
5,

of

lettering

is

in Fig.

and the height

6.

may
total

be made as shown in Fig.

Divide the body into three and the height into five parts, except
the " t," which should be only four
parts.
Ki. 5

Style of Letters.

Printers class the letters such as "a," "b," "c," "1," "o," &c., as lower case letters, and C,
' '

This

type

is

arranged

basis of five squares high

on the and in

'

'

"D," "X,"
or upper case
'
'

"Y"

&c. as "caps,"

most cases four squares wide, except "I," " and "M."

W"

letters.

So that a

By using
ters
at

the compass with cencenter

of

font
of

'

'

of t3'pe is a quantity

made
'

the

the

second

up

'

'

upper " and " lower case

square from side or top, the rounded

t^'pe is

letters.

produced (Fig.
at

9).

The type shown

page
Fig. b

the left on

7 is

built
6,

that on page

up on the body of but appears to show

The

practice sheet

(Fig.

7)

is

arranged to go on a sheet 14x19, with border 13 "X17", allowing 11"

margin at the left and 1," at the top, bottom and right, leaving room for

hand corsome of the lettering is cramped, and the lines do not fill out, simply repeat some of the words or figures.
a title in the lower right
ner.
If

and bottom of the letter, this being accomplished by aid of the 45 triangle, going down or up as desired to 1 of the next square. This offset may be blacker, shaded or open, as shown.
a side

Suggestions.
Following these are styles of letters and figures that can be used in various wa^^s, such as headings,
titles, etc.

Following the practice sheet

plate giving a few
in
'
'

is

Common Errors

In

all

cases of lettering
if

it is

better

Mechanical Drawing," which will no doubt give suggestions that

will be of value to the student.

The Block Type.

On page 8 is another sheet that may be used as a practice sheet, though on much smaller paper, and
the

he will sketch in the letters with pencil, and note if the whole lay-out is symmetrical with a center line. It so often happens that inscriptions, headings and titles are placed "an3^ old way," with no respect to
for the student

a center line.

block

type
is

(p.

6)

could be
right.)

arranged for a class sheet too. (See

that the letter J

made

This will again be taken up under the heading of "Titles," in another part of this booklet.

Practice Plate.

PRACTICE PLATE.

(Kg

Common Errors
CoMiMOisj

in

Mechanical Draiving.

Errors

iw

Mechrnicrl

Drbna^ing.

R B
R

Ro

LlMC.
LllsiC.

Good

W eRKENEO bt Erasure.
R BRO Dot TED Lime

SuPERTLUOOS DiMENSlOrMS
PooRi_v DISPOSED, Impor-

Hrfl^BORE
PROPCRi.r Dimensioned.

Hn nvERR&E

OME

tant ONE OMITTED, No DISTINCTION IN V>Jl&HT

OF
i-INCS.

Which Line Does The rrrow merim?

Either

Clerr

Djstinctiofm.

5\oE View Omitted.

Like:

Wry

O. K.

Lettering

jhis jhkes

uf=>

too

much

y:RT!C/^L sF'ncc. -

rS^

Q.ye/'c^/

^^oot z^r^ y^^/^

^^ y(^J/e^L5

6^^ed more: /n ^/racturcf/ /^an /7?^cA/ne:

worA

Oo/^'-r Sj^'^B-

//s/J-K,

A7/7>t'^

/r so it WIUL.

phi/sit

S/VEi-L..

Z)ortt

%/yZ/x

Styles o^

PfUf^iiirto.

Forg-ot

He St-^rteo

VeHTxcBv..

Two Ways
^ Cored

of Sryjng The

Srme Thing-.
better sry,
j

DrillrndT^p for
Holes.
.
,

G-fls Pipe,

BetterSry,

^ Core.

6"Dih. Bored. Srt, ^'Bore.

I

J"

PipeTrp.

6ne Rcht Hrno, Mrrk

Left Right HrndOnc
s

B20.' Better Sry B2I.

"^^RKE

\\

RS Shown. B20. Opp Hrnd. BZ I.

Cor>iciSC.

Shown.

Titueo Cor^PuCTC But Vert

DoM*T Drrv^ Boi-To Unless Thev Rre Spcciml.. Life's Too Short To Show Nuts in Purn.

C.l. =

CrST

iROtM. W.I. = WrOO&MT

RON.

Waste opTimc.

Suopp-^

Fair.

Mru.I. Mrllerble Ironi. S.C.= Steeu Crstimcs.. C.R.S.= Coi.o Roi.i_ED Steel.. Med. St. =Medium Stceu. St. = Mii.o Steei.. TS.= Toou Steei-. L.G.T.S.= Low

WORKMRN.
reuir^o

If picture brrwincs^rc Hire rn Rrtist.

Grrdc Toou Steel. M.5.= Mhchim ery

Steel.
Bai.

= Bromze.

______

Block Letters.

1
1 ^ nd =N i^

S
V.

Kffl

^
g
SIE

^
^_3^
.

-q

t J

2z
^

^2
ss _:::
I

'-^^
i.

ISi-

::2

^ S^
.

L^l

snnz

SI

7^

E
S z
AND FIGURKS.
(J is

H
Fig.
9.

PlyAIN BI,OCK I^ETTERS

wrong.)

n
Fig.
10.

s n :=!=::
s
:>

>

3ia

^S

N
i^

Pl.AIN KI.OCK I.FTTKRvS ROl'NDKD.

Samples of Lettering.

flig>

&
a

J ^^ ^ ^
fe

fe

M
B

l^
11!

Practice

Plate.

GHIJKLMNO
PORSTUVWXYZd.,-:;
3

a bK^d eirgiiijklnnnopqrstuvwxyz.

A BCDETrCH/JKLMNOPO HS TU VWXrZ /^3^36 73.

5

obccfefgh/jk/mnopqrs tuvv\/xj/z,

!AB C D E F GHIJAZJ^A^XYZ <9^<?^-5'ZZ7K7^ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Q

'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvAvxyz. a b c d^ fg hij klmnopq rs t uv'wxy z.
Q

^ABCDEfGMIJKLmnOPQRST

UVWXYZ&. 12 34567890781
i;^34.567890

e^bcdefqhijKlmnopqrstuvwxYZ

PFWaLEM PLATE
INSTRUMENTAL AND

^<^)l3CDErGHIJKLMN0PQRS

TUVWXYZ&
For
lettering

abcdefqhijklmnopqrstuvwxYZ
EACH ONE ON HEAVY DRAWING PAPER* ABOUT SEVEN BY ELEVEN INCMES

FREE

HAm
JJ^

working drauings.

PROBLEM 4 4.

Egyptian

Letters.

Roman Lctkrs

Skeleton Letters.

II

IP
1(5:

W
C0
L0

(J

r^

C7

12

Shaded and Fayicy

Heazy Body

13

J:r

ID

JU
^DEZZ^

ru

14

Scroll Type.

INITIAL LETTERS.
TYPE

THESE

are usually placed at the

INLAND

beginning of a chapter. Sometimes each main section of a chapter is honored with an initial letter.

aiul impossible rule effects for Initieds with the INLAKD TYPE TOUNDERS CO. P Blanchard Scries Cs^pa & OrnaE>ein.9 done by ^en tneriLts.

Ome

possible

&ink

as

s.

,stud.y for effect-

The same

style

is

generall}^ re-

ive Initial display.

tained throughout the book as well

as on the cover, a type being selected

Besides demonstrating the use of Blanchard Fa^e for Initial, tKe

illustrations .Serve to ^rove tKat

and used

for the

complete work.

iKe Ub-to-D&te comlosiior can profitably vitilize tVufe method

for

the Atudy of rule effects.

artistic ability IS requir-

O real

WtiA BllkCk
yJEettcr^
9$
o]

ed, only tKe ability to use a J>en. or pencil &t 6trai^-ed^e. If yovi ca-ntvot di-aw the Luitial find the leitex* you desire , inK it, 9ei an imjre6Sion on e^-sheet
of

It

white cabrd-bocvrd then. |>ro ceed to draw your rule Jjout the letter vtsing ca^re to im, ,

iia.le

the Point required,

that the
vsize o

membering
face

retKe

of- the rule

naE^es orinarsJhe

Miistic effect desired.

mo.

^H

BE,ST

TYPE

>
^

B
4

A hm
that

rtU
only

H
w

how
cam

I
il
1
...

ff

we
his

tnea.

where a
old and

i6

Initial Letters.

Monograms.

17

HEADINGS AND CARDS.

'HE same
style of type should be used

magazine or catalog.

Page

headings

for the headings throughout a book,

may

be plain or ornamental. ^

eARTBK

CO.

J:W.V\0BS.

HARRISsCO.

I:!
j.e.PUbUEB I

HJsnrTH

T.A.HALL,

rnt

CNrftALy

T.J.BRADEN,

^..tJ-'fr

m\
fS
AND

BRUSJH

LETTERiNCi;

OLIDAY
Sail:

rriBS

Gifts.
DiililBSON,

^ lofKiii^
MOmMIT.
., w,,,.. B.L,. Willi*,

J.HUDSOM,

Wm. Rebitjsorj, .-.-.

SALET"

ANY
^
la This Vindoxu

2?

'..^r

REMNANTSlfH^
^^
.

uv

i^-.-

-^^

Headings and Cards.

19

imviMm^i^^M.

20

Headings and Cards.

1^

OUR

Tte IMc^j \

F/NEST

N 1.

LLUSTRATIMG.
PaTEMT llMfTiMCc.

SCROLLS AND TAIL PIECES.

A
few
scrolls

and

tail- pieces

are here shown.

('<.

^^. '^"-^ ,"

^M:'-%

"'^'^'-^-^-

/^-Wi^

':."

'^^wS^3^

J^v^^ K(^^C
ttitiiivii^..::

r^ WJ^^ ^ ^'Vv^ v^^:^

r^::i ^? 1^^1^ ^
>

^#11

i^-^-^

>.:-... .-.;:. !Sr

^^

^p
-_V;;^;
,.^^^;^

liy^^^'L^--

TITLES

OF DRAWINGS.

T*HK
'

title of

the drawing

is

the

inscription describing
is

what the

arrangement and number of words, and then the style of lettering may
be selected.

drawing
the

supposed to represent,
for

name of the firm made and the maker and

This
title

whom

The

lettering

is

put in so as to

lie

date.

may

be ornamental or

plain as the draftsman thinks best.

In some drafting rooms the space

allotted for the title

.For.

by a few words and lines put on by a rubber stamp, and some additional data added by the draftsman. A few forms are here shown to
is

filled

The V/arner&SwaseyCo. Cleveland, 0. DATE SCALE

DRAWN BY.

APPROVED BY.

A/-.
equally on each side of the center
line,

give an idea of the different arrange-

ment

of wording.
title

as

should

first

be sketched

illustrations,

shown in the following which are shown half

out on a piece of paper to get the

skeleton and half finished.

Jl

^j_

.j^

Bridge 720 3/^ /^un, 5vansv/7/e, /Irizona. M. K. af7d T Ry. M/ddleD/v. 3 Sp(7ns, S/n^/e Track, T/irough /vs-o'ccf/ydP/ns.

Top

Chords

/?/^d

End Posts.

AMERICAN BRIDGE
EDGEMOOR PLANT.
A
B. Co.

CO.,

Come. No...-^?^.__

In

Charge

of._Aic/6?.<'/?^...

Made by. v-Z.r>

I

DeLta.S/ZfAP-f(e^....^/jP_

f||

Checked by. .^1 -A.--

Date -?/5'.7/^<'. .Rev. _

J
Oi/^S/ue Pr/n/ orrM/j///

Order lAo..K230.^SHE.fLT

H0../Z..

'^^l

ufi' Trc^cj'no

onA/s/iner

Showing

title

put on with stamp and pen, also sizes of border

ines of Drawino;, Tracitii^:

and Blue- Print.

LolC.

Titles.

23

^feaa^lBUllLaMMTIr
/.

.NL.

,.](JJL
I

VI

"

Li OF

rtooiAt'cl;, Gol llll?pip)@(

^B>

ROCK

ISLaW]) AeSENAIL,

\x^

crscr-T^

/.^c^-^.

-sc:-/*?-^.^-:^

FANCY BORDERS.

vSome fancy border lines are here

shown

that can be nsed for general

drawings and

title sheets:

A TITLE PLATE.
This plate
is

on paper, 14x19, with 2" margin on left, and right end and i " on top and bottom.

"

on

The type

for this title plate

f.

blocks each

inch for the

first,

was taken from pages 6 and 7, and the third and fifth rows, and }i inch

each for the others.

APR 24

1905

yb

'1

'05

>>A

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

019 934 534 5