SID & MARTY KROFFT TELEVISION PRODUTION Inc. vs.

MCDONALDS Corp Sid & Marty Krofft are a siblings team of a television production who are influential in children's television. They were also able to do variety show programs in the USA, particularly throughout the 1970s and early 1980s. They are known for a series of childrens fantasy programs featuring largeheaded puppets, high-concept plots, and low budget special effects. McDonalds is one of the worlds largest fast food chain restaurants serving up to 68 million customers. McDonald land is a fantasy play area used in the marketing for McDonald's restaurants. In the year 1968 the NBC TV network asked Sid & Marty to create a Saturday morning TV show. They were in development for a year and finally came up with the puppet show H.R. Pufnstuf which launched in September 1969. The show became successful and generated various spin-off products such as toys, games, comic books, lunch boxes and Kellog's cereal commercials. In the year 1970, the advertising company for Macdonald land Needham contacted Sid & Marty to work with them on an advertising campaign for the McDonald's hamburger chain based on the H.R. Pufnstuf characters. Needham sent a letter to for it to happen, but received a phone call soon after saying that the campaign had been cancelled. But Needham had stated on the contract that he had won the campaign which made him eligible to hire employees on the set of H.R. Pufnstuf including the voice actor which they used for their Macdonald commercial. The Kroffts filed a suit for copyright infringement in September 1971 and began a three-week trial by the jury. The jury was shown episodes of H.R. Pufnstuf and McDonald land broadcast, including examples of merchandise based on the shows and commercials. At the end Sid & Mary obtained full rights of their T.V show and were given $50,000 for assessed damages.

APPLE COMPUTER INC. vs. FRAKLINCOMPUTER Apple is a well-known computer brand that came about in the 1970s. Apple is an American Company that designs, develops and consumer electronics, computer software and personal computers. The company is known for its iPod, iPhone, iMacs and iPad. Apple is the worlds second largest information technology company and sells over a billion Apple products a year. Franklin Electronic Publishers, Incorporated is also an American company which sells consumer electronics and founded in 1981. Since starting in the 1980s, Franklin Electronics has created and sold hand held electronics such as spell correctors, dictionaries, translation devices, medical references and Bibles. Both companies sell and distribute everyday electronics. In 1982, Franklin Computer Corp introduced the Franklin Ace 100 which is stated to be a clone of Apple computers Apple II. On May 12th 1982, Apple filed a suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania for substantial portions of the Franklin ROM and operating system to have been copied from the Apple II. It was also later stated that the system had the same embedded strings (James Huston an Apple programmer) on both system disks. Franklin had admitted that they had copied Apples software but argued that because Apple's software existed only in machine-readable form, and not in printed form, some of the software did not contain copyright notices, it could be freely copied. The firmware part of the Apple II is an exact copy of Apples ROM and was the only part that would "fit" in an Apple-compatible computer and enable its intended function, and was therefore not copyrightable. Apple was able to force Franklin to withdraw its clones by 1988. The company then brought noninfringing clones to market. However, as these models were only partially compatible with the Apple II, and as the architecture of the Apple II was outdated, they were able to they enjoyed a little success in the marketplace.

Franklin Ace 1000 computer

Apple II computer

ROYALITIES Royalties are usage-based payments made by one party to another for the right to ongoing use of an asset, sometimes an intellectual property; for example music, product design and films. A good example to use is the copyright laws in the music industry. When a song is made by the songwriter/artist they claim full ownership of the song. What this means is whenever someone wants to use their work (e.g. for the radio, films etc.) they would have to a pay a certain amount of money to the composer. This money is then given to them as their personal income. COPYRIGHT With artwork and photography, the copyright laws are different from the music industry. Unlike the United States, there is no official register for copyright. Once someone protects there work, the protections lasts for up to 70 years whereas in the film/music industry lasts 50 years. For example, if a painting were to be painted by an artist, when it has been completed it be protected by copyright. It will only be protected by copyright if it is original works of art with aesthetic elements. This is the same with photographs, Sculptures, collages and architectural works. Once the owner claims the copyright, they have prevented others from coping, issuing copies, broadcast, renting or lending and making adaptations to the work. WATERMARKS There are ways to avoid being in situations like these. There are certain precautions to take when you dont want others to claim your work as their own. One of the ways to decrease the risk of infringement is to watermark your work. This is when you put a recognizable image on to paper that appears as a light or darkened colour in light caused by thickness or density in different types of paper. Over the years we have introduced the digital watermark which consists of putting the watermarks on the work digitally. These marks could vary as they dont have to be for copyright reasons. They can also be used to label work e.g. something thats a draft or urgent.

Example on how to get a watermark on Microsoft word

Watermarks can even be custom made so the owner has freedom to make a unique mark that no one else can copy

OWNERSHIP When you have finished an artwork (the original), it is entitled to be your work and no one elses. If you wanted to give out the original, you would be able to give an additional cost. Ownership is basically you owning the piece of artwork you made/produced. ROYLALTY FREE IMAGES These are the images you can purchase and obtain the rights to use in your own projects multiple times. The price of the image is solely based on what type of image you are buying. Defining Royalty Free is having the rights to copyrighted material which is why it is called Royalty free image. These can be purchased on any of the Royalty Free Images websites such as istockphoto, image source and fotla.

TRANSFERRING COPYRIGHT OWNERSHIP Signing a contract is all it takes to hand over ownership of your work to somebody else. Thats what transffering copyright ownership is. When you want to transffer an art piece ownership to another person you will go thourgh the process of handing over the ownership.