2012 International Conference on Education Technology and Management Engineering Lecture Notes in Information Technology, Vols.

16-17

Automation and Control Systems Research of Intelligent Building Jun Hu , Huaiwen Hu

Hunan mechanical & electrical polytechnic 410151, ChangSha Keywords: Intelligent Building, Building automation and control systems, research

Abstract.This paper firstly briefly introduced the building automation system and conducted an analysis of the composition, structure and main features of it; then The listed design steps, and discussed the development trend of building automation systems and intelligent building. 1. Induction

As the rapid development of communication, control technology, computer technology and IT, peoples demand of office environment and living comfort and security is gradually increased, thus the Intelligent Building(1ntelligentBuilding) came into being. Integrated intelligent building is the crystallization of the modern high-technology, and also is the product of the integration of information technology and construction techniques. The intelligent building consists of three basic elements, which are communication network system (CNS), building automation system (BAS) and office automation systems (OAS). The combination of three buildings provides a comfortable, efficient, reasonable, safe, and convenient living and working environment. Among them an important part is the building automation and control system. Building automation (BA) is often the beginning of building intelligent. The intelligent building control system is composed of the DDC controller, the central management station and the implementing agencies, various types of sensors. It is set a network system with an integration of a variety of control and management functions, and it is an intelligent control and management network developed with the use of computer technology. 2. The History Of The Development Of Building Automation Systems

The building automation system so far has gone through four generations of products: The first generation: CCMS central monitoring system (products in the 1970s) BAS developed from the instrument system into a computer system, using the computer keyboard and CRT to form a central station, with the printer instead of a recording instrument, and scattered information collection stations, DGP, located in buildings (connected to sensors and actuators and other devices) and connected together to form a central monitoring automation through the bus and the central station systems. The function of the DGP sub-station is just upload field device information, and to issue control commands of the central station. A central computer manipulates the entire system. Central station collects the sub-station information to make decisions, and completely control all equipment. According to the collected information and energy measurement data, central station completes the energy control and regulation. The second generation: DCS distributed control system (products in the 1980s) With microprocessor technology development and cost reduction, DGP sub-station installed the CPU, and developed into direct digital controller DDC. DDC sub-stations with a microprocessor chip are independent of all control have sound control, display and energy-saving management, and you can connect the printer to install the Human Interface. BAS, respectively, is composed of the
978-1-61275-016-3/10/$25.00 2012 IERI

226

ETME2012

scene, the sub-station, central station and the management system. The main features of the distribution system are only having two types of contacts, which are the central station and the sub-station. Central station completes the monitoring and sub-station completes control. has nothing to do with the central station, Sub-station is complete autonomy, which ensure the reliability of the system. The third generation: the open distributed control system (product in the 1990s) With the development of fieldbus technology, DDC sub-station connected with the sensor and actuator input output module, with the application of LON fieldbus, towards the equipment on site from inner, form a distributed input and output field network layer so that the configuration of the system is more flexible. Due to the openness of the LonWorks technology, the sub-station has a certain degree of openness scale. BAS control network form a three-tier structure, namely management (Central Station), the automation layer (DDC sub-stations) and on-site network layer (LON). The fourth generation: integrated network systems (products in the 21st century) With the establishment of corporate network intranet, building automation system must adopt Web technologies, and seeks to occupy an important position in the enterprise network. BAS Central Station embedded Web server, and with the integration of Web functions as a web page for the operating mode, the BAS and intranet become one system. Network integration system (EDI) is a building automation system using Web technologies. It is a group containing the management software of security systems, electrical and mechanical equipment systems and fire protection systems. EBI system provides different levels of needs of a variety of complete and open technologies to achieve various levels of integration, from the field level, automation level to management level. EBI completed the integration of management and control systems. Integrated network system structure is shown in Figure 7. At present, building equipment supply companies of large scale and influence are Nashville Company, Miss Johnson Company, KMC Company, Germany Siemens Company, etc. 3. Intelligent Building Management System

Building intelligent control system (or says the building management system BA system) consists of central administer station, all kinds of DDC controller and all kinds of sensors, and it is able to complete a variety of control and management function of network system. It is kind of intelligent control management network developed with the application of computer. At present, each component in the system has developed into standardized and professional products from the paststandardized design production so that the design of the system is installation and expand more convenient and flexible, the operation of the system is more reliable, and investment greatly reduced. (1) Intelligent Building (Intelligent Building) is combination of Office Automation System (OAS: Office Automation System), Communication Automation System (CAS: Communication Automation System) and Building Automation System (BAS: Building Automation System). (2) Building automation system is an important part of the intelligent building. Building automation system accomplish the inner building equipment automatic control of a set of control system, with the sensors to collect data, then it will be sent to the intelligent signal acquisition of the equipment, and actual working condition of a series of logical analysis, the final drive actuators complete automatic control. Intelligent building through the building's automatic system within the building construction environment and the overall management and monitoring equipment, so as to create a comfortable, safe, economic and efficient and convenient working and living environment for property management modernization provide material foundation, to reduce energy consumption and reduce operator management cost and provide convenience for the managers of the management.

227

4.

Building Automation Control System Design and Value

4.1 The Intelligent Building Automation Control System Design Steps First, determine the function of buildings and objectives, namely the control goal of BAS system, and what the automation control and management system can satisfy the structures within the various functions; According to equipments within each subsystem, produced monitoring and control equipment list, and detailed listed instructions of Automation control and objectives. According to the requirements of the development of future and system complexity, be aware of the position of the monitoring center and use area, and give enough reservation. Second, a clear is accused of the volume of the equipment and the corresponding control scheme, check the technical feasibility of the whom sure was charged with monitoring points and its properties of equipment and rendering the corresponding points of the plan, the layout and go line. Finally, draw the BAS total control network diagram, and draw each controlled equipment control principle diagram and the monitoring center design and layout. 4.2 The Value Of Building Automation System (1)Optimizing equipment. Integrated controlling mechanical and electrical equipment should be contained in the apartment, and equipment operation should be in the most reasonable way. At the same time, take effective monitoring of the equipment to prolong service life, and reduce the equipment maintenance fee. (2) Save energy. Make energy fully reasonable use, save unnecessary energy loss, make its energy cost to the economy. Through the BAS system. Building can save 15% to 20% of the energy. (3) To provide a comfortable environment. With the rest of a comfortable environment and perfect work environment. (4) To improve efficiency. Use modern intelligent control technology for the equipment control system integration, save building equipment management personnel, and at the same time avoid the human error caused by damage to the equipment operation. Building automation control system development direction in the future In recent years, with the development of society, the world of energy saving, low carbon rend, and the development of China's reform, the urgent need of 21 century China building automation of the development of a hotspot and focus. Energy saving and environmental protection is the key to realize the sustainable development. Intelligent construction should follow the economy turn, ecology, human nature, harmless, intensive, and other basic principles, the principle of intelligent building sustainable development in the service of the ultimate goal. With the rapid development of building automation in our country, at present the development of the real estate developers generally intelligent building by the favor of the person that buy a house. line of high-end residential projects for urban domestic real estate market model effect is obvious in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen. The safety and well-being of apartment buildings, large factory building, and intelligent building provide people with safe, comfortable, high efficiency, energy saving service. To face the area of about 2 billion square meters every year, and the government of intelligent building construction standardization and scientific guidance, we are optimistic about the development of intelligent building generally. 5. The Integrated Development

5.1 Hardware Network System Integration Intelligent building system integration used BAS as the center, and through the LonWorks or BACnet technology. The current structure of the BAS is used mostly level 2 network form, that is, upper for Ethernet, the lower adopt RS485 and LonWorks etc. which has the advantages of integrated. In addition, integration mode with BAS for the center through development and the second party system network interface (gateway or network controller), will all kinds of system data integration to the network ten so the BAS gateway can will the SAS, FAS third parties system

228

agreement into BAS level communication main one agreement is realized, and realize integration. 5.2 The Information System Integration Intelligent building is based on information integration as the core, connecting the entire related object, and according to comprehensive land interaction, so as to realize the goal of the whole. Use OPC technology and ODBC technique to realize intelligent building system integration. 5.3 The Remote System Integration New integration technology is based on information integration, building (group) based on the Intranet, through across the network information exchange, comprehensive and sharing, realize the unification of the human and cross-platform database access. 5.4 The Integration Of The Information Management And Real-Time Data Intelligent buildings include multiple subsystems, involving real-time control and timeshare management two different information processing field. As a result of treatment object differences, each subsystem both in hardware and software structure is quite different. The essence of system integration is a horizontal integration, the various subsystems is by physical integration, network integration and application integration and connected to a full major system. 6. The development of digital

6.1 The Concept Of Digital Building Automation Systems In recent years, building thought by people will be filledwith all kinds of intelligent equipments. Sensors, actuators and valve in Building control network is intelligent. Building infrastructure can connect seamlessly data networks and control nets to form the whole building network. The whole building network will become typical future building. The whole building network concept has no longer is a future expectations, today it is emerging. Manufacturers provides intelligent equipment, subsystem and systems are of growth. This driving force mainly from the owners and their integration building estate demand more and more, this also is reasonable. Because today, building automation subsystems such as the entrance guard, closed-circuit television, elevator, air conditioning, heating, and the fire of the intelligence security products are already came out. Although this large number of intelligent product is causing building subsystems gradually update, but the real whole building network system is still rare. Production manufacturers on one hand say they comprehensively to open system, but on the other hand righteousness limit the development of the product interoperability, because they must face a change standard network communication protocol and the real open structure brings. Big companies are willing to maintain the status quo mostly because of the consideration of interests. Many big firms in their bottom equipment used LonWorks technology, because it is discovered the use LonWorks platform economic efficient technology a closed system can realize they share information of the equipment. 6.2 Building Automation Systems For Remote Monitoring Building equipment remote monitoring structure based on the Internet can be based on all kinds of operating system platform. For market BA system, such as Johnson and honeywell and other products, the system with special database, and provide a interface, can be converted into standard database, through the of the above mentioned method, users can connect database from a remote area through to understand the BA system. If he wanted to get the real-time situation basystem BA and real-time control system, can be directly through the browse monitoring BA system. The modern building automation system should be based on the Internet to realize information interaction, comprehensive and sharing, and realize the unification of man-machine interface and cross-platform database access, and do local and remote real-time monitoring of information, data resources comprehensive sharing, and global events fast process and the integration of scientific management. Once the traditional BAS system is connected to the Internet, building management

229

personnel even in miles away can also finished his duties. It is said that Internet and intelligent building is not divided, through the Internet, people can complete monitoring duties, and there are many advantages, such as building equipment manufacturers can continue know their equipment operation through Internet, when the equipment running in the abnormal condition, manufacturer can take immediate measures to avoid the accident, of course, operation management cost can be reduced. We can say that the BAS technology based on the Internet represents building automation development direction. 7. Summary

At present, although enterprise nets applied in building automation network have both advantages and disadvantages, but with the development of technology and the passage of time, it also will be further improved. Along with the rapid economic development of our country and peoples living standard rising ceaselessly, the construction and the construction of digital community gradually rising, enterprise nets will in the field of building automation and get more extensive application. China's intelligent building will face the 21st century and the information age; get everything prepared for the greater development. References [1] Zhao Hui. Intelligent building technology in building's automatic system [J].Science and technology square, 2007: 247-248. [2] Zhao Xiang-juan. Analysis of Building automation system [J].Science and technology information, 2010, (3): 396. [3] Xu Chao-han. Residential intelligent system [M]. Beijing: electronic industry press, 2002, 7. [4] Yang Zhi, Deng Ren-ming,Zhou Qi-guo. Building intelligent systems and engineering application [M]. Beijing: chemical industry press, 2002.

230