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where (a1 , a2 , , ak ) denotes the Greatest Common Divisor of a1 , a2 , , ak1 and ak . But about the deeply arithmetical properties of L(n), it seems that none had studied it before, but it is a very important arithmetical function in elementary number theory. The main purpose of this paper is using the elementary methods to study a limit problem involving L(n), and give an interesting limit theorem for it. That is, we shall prove the following: Theorem. For any positive integer n, we have the asymptotic formula
1 n
L(n2 ) p
pn2
= e + O exp c
(ln n) 5 (ln ln n) 5
1
where
pn2
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21
L(n2 ) lim n p
pn2
= e,
ln p = x + O x exp
c(ln x) 5 (ln ln x) 5
1
Proof. In fact, this is the dierent form of the famous prime theorem. Its proof can be found in reference [2]. Now we use this Lemma to prove our Theorem. Let
s 1 2 L(n2 ) = [1, 2, , n2 ] = p 1 p2 ps ,
(1)
be the factorization of L(n2 ) into prime powers, then i = (pi ) is the highest power of pi in the factorization of 1, 2, 3, , n2 . Since
1 n
p ,
pn2
L(n2 ) p
pn2
while ln L(n2 ) ln
pn2
= =
n 1 2 ln (p 1 p2 pn ) ln pn2
(p) ln p
pn2 pn2
ln p
=
pn2
((p) 1) ln p ((p) 1) ln p +
2 pn 3 2 n3
= +
((p) 1) ln p
<pn
((p) 1) ln p.
n<pn2
(2)
22
Xiaowei Pan
2
No. 2
In (1), it is clear that if n < pi n2 , then (pi ) = 1. If n 3 < pi n, we have (pi ) = 2. (In 2 3 fact if (pi ) 3, then p3 i > n. This contradiction with pi n). If pi n , then (pi ) 3. So from these and above Lemma we have ((p) 1) ln p =
2 n3
(2 1) ln p =
2 n3
ln p,
2 n3
(3)
<pn
<pn
<pn
((p) 1) ln p =
n<pn2 n<pn2
(1 1) ln p = 0,
(4)
((p) 1) ln p = O ln2 n
2 pn 3 2 pn 3
n3 1 = O ln2 n ln n
= O n 3 ln n .
(5)
Now combining (2), (3), (4) and (5) we may immediately get ln L(n2 ) ln
pn2
= O n 3 ln n +
2 n3
ln p
<pn
= O n ln n +
pn
2
2 3
ln p
pn 3
2
ln p c(ln n) 5 (ln ln n) 5
2 3 1 5 1 3
= O n 3 ln n + n + O n exp n 3 O n 3 exp
2 2
c(ln n 3 ) 5 (ln ln n )
3 1 2 3
c(ln n) 5 (ln ln n) 5
L(n2 ) p
pn2
= exp
1 ln L(n2 ) ln n
pn2
c(ln n) 5 (ln ln n) 5
3 1 1
= e exp O exp
= e 1 + O exp
= e + O exp
c(ln n) 5 (ln ln n) 5
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23
This completes the proof of Theorem. The Corollary follows from Theorem with n .
References
[1] Amarnth Murthy, Generalized Partitions and New Ideas On Number Theory and Smarandache Sequences, Hexis, 2005, pp. 20-22. [2] Pan Chengdong and Pan Chengbiao, The Foundation of Analytic number Theory, Science Publication, 1999, pp. 204-205. [3] Tom M.Apostol, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1976.