Group C2 BEC 307 Highway Laboratory Laboratory 2 Penetration Test

Experiment 2: Penetration Test 2.0 Introduction The Penetration Test is an empirica test use! to measure the consistency o" aspha t cement# Genera y$ the penetration o" a bituminous substance may be !e"ine! as !istance in hun!re!ths to which a stan!ar! nee! e penetrates the materia un!er %nown con!ition o" time$ oa!ing an! temperature# This test is use! "or e&a uating the consistency o" aspha t materia be"ore an! a"ter heating# 'uch o" the con"usion surroun!ing penetration testing stems "rom the "act it is a re ati&e y recent an! rapi! y e&o &ing "ie !# (!!itiona y$ many organi)ations wi ha&e their own interna termino ogy *one man+s penetration test is another+s &u nerabi ity au!it or technica ris% assessment,# (t its simp est$ a penetration-test is the process o" acti&e y e&a uating your in"ormation security measures# .ote the emphasis on +acti&e+ assessment/ the in"ormation systems wi be teste! to "in! any security issues$ as oppose! to a so e y theoretica or paper-base! au!it# This is the most wi!e y use! metho! o" measuring the consistency o" a bituminous materia at a gi&en temperature# 0t is a means o" c assi"ication rather than a measure o" 1ua ity# The consistency is a "unction o" the chemica constituents o" bitumen$ &i)# the re ati&e proportions o" aspha t *high mo ecu ar weight$ responsib e "or strength an! sti""ness,$ resins *responsib e "or a!hesion an! !ucti ity, an! oi s * ow mo ecu ar weight$ responsib e "or &iscosity an! " ui!ity,# The type an! amount o" these constituents are !etermine! by the source petro eum an! the metho! o" processing at the re"inery# Penetration is re ate! to &iscosity an! empirica re ationships ha&e been !e&e ope! "or .ewtonian materia s# 0" penetration is measure! o&er a range o" temperatures$ the temperature susceptibi ity o" the bitumen can be estab ishe!#

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Group C2 BEC 307 Highway Laboratory Laboratory 2 Penetration Test

2.1 Objective To measure the penetration &a ue o" aspha t$ which is me te! an! coo e! an! %ept at a room temperature o" 2:oC# 2.2 Apparatus 2# Penetration .ee! e 2# ;ater Bath 3# Time <e&ice =# Penetration Container :# Penetrometer ># (spha t samp e 7# Thermometers 2.3 Procedures 2# C ean the penetration nee! e with to uene or other so &ent an! !ry it with a c ean c oth# 2# Care"u y insert the nee! e in the penetrometer# 3# P ace the samp e container *200g, !irect y on the submerge! stan! in the penetrometer# 9eep the samp e container comp ete y co&ere! with water at the 2:oC ? 0#:oC temperature# =# Position the nee! e by s ow y owering it unti its tip @ust ma%es contact with the sur"ace o" the samp e# :# Bring the pointer o" the penetrometer to )ero# ># 4e ease the nee! e ho !er "or the speci"ie! perio! o" time *:sec, an! get the 2A20mm rea!ing# 0" the container mo&es$ ignore the resu t# 7# 'a%e at east three !eterminations at points on the sur"ace o" the samp e not ess than 20mm "rom the si!e o" the container an! not ess than 20mm apart# 2.4 a!et"# $ea%t& and Precaution a, Lab Coat To pre&ent the harm"u chemica eBpose to bo!y when acci!ent happene!# b, 5a"ety 5hoes - 5a"ety "ootwear is !esigne! to protect "eet against a &ariety o" in@uries# 0mpact$ compression$ chemica sp ashes an! puncture are most common types o" in@uries# 3ootwear shou ! be chosen accor!ing to the ha)ar! an! shou ! be proper y rate!# c, 5a"ety G o&e To protect han! "rom eBpose to harm"u chemica # 2
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Group C2 BEC 307 Highway Laboratory Laboratory 2 Penetration Test

2.' (esu%ts The resu ts are &ery sensiti&e to test con!itions an! bitumen specimen preparation an! the re1uirements o" the appropriate stan!ar! must be rigi! y a!here! to# The maBimum !i""erence between highest an! owest rea!ings sha beC PE)ET(ATIO) O* +IT,-E) + 2000: PA(T 4.: 1./3 +itumen 0rades: /01100 PE.ET4(T0D. 4E(<0.G5 'E(. 42 7=mm 42 7E mm 7>#>7 mm 43 7E mm

;hereC 4 F Penetration rea!ing at !i""erent ocations# 7= G 7E G 7E 3 4 F 7>#>7mm

Penetration F

2.2 3iscussion 3
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Group C2 BEC 307 Highway Laboratory Laboratory 2 Penetration Test

The bitumen that has been use! "or the test was gra!e E0A200 which is means the penetration &a ues suppose! to be between E0mm to 200mm# Howe&er$ "rom the test that has been con!ucte!$ the &a ue o" the penetration is 7>#>7# 3rom the resu t$ the samp e in!icate! "ai e! &a ue o" so"ter bitumen# This cou ! happen because o" the mista%e !uring pouring the bitumen into the penetration cup or the temperature o" the bitumen was a""ecte! by the air con!itioner insi!e the ab# ( proper metho! o" test must be per"orming in or!er to a&oi! the error# 2.4 5onc%usion 3rom the eBperiment that was carrie! out$ penetration o" bitumen is reache! at mean 42.24 mm which is 3 ocation o" bitumen is teste!# Howe&er$ the test was "ai e! !ue to the wrong penetration &a ue# .orma y the speci"ication o" the penetration use! in 'a aysia is between E0 200 mm# 2./ (e!erences (5T' *2HHE,# (5T' <:-H7 5tan!ar! test metho! "or penetration o" bituminous materia s# (nnua Boo% o" (5T' 5tan!ar!s$ 7o ume 0=#03$ (merican 5ociety "or Testing an! 'ateria s$ Phi a!e phia 2H203-22E7# 4etrie&e! "romC httpCAAwww#ausca #com#auAp!"Ae eA=>-:2H0I:2H:#p!"

2.. Appendix =
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Group C2 BEC 307 Highway Laboratory Laboratory 2 Penetration Test

3igure 2C The 5amp es#

3igure 2C 5ubmerge! stan! in penetrometer#

3igure 3C Penetrometer#

3igure =C ;aiting nee! e o" Penetrometer penetrate speciment#

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