dwrong@163.

com
.

1. n , n
2.: n ,
.n=a*a*a*b*b*c =(3+1)(2+1)(1+1)
eg. 200=2*2*2 * 5*5 =(3+1)(2+1)=12
3. 8 8 ; 9 9
. 3 , 3 .
4.=(n-2)x180
5.=1/2 x
6. =+-2
8.
C2=A2+B2-2ABCOS, AB
9.:A/SinA=B/SinB=C/SinC=2R(A,B,C ,R
)
10.Y=k1X+B1,Y=k2X+B2 K1K2=-1
11.N :
N!=1*2*3*....(N-2)*(N-1)*N 0!=1 1!=1
Eg:8!=1*2*3*4*5*6*7*8
12. 235
sqrt(2)=1.414 sqrt(3)=1.732 sqrt(5)=2.236
13. ...2/3 as many A as B: A=2/3*B
...twice as many... A as B: A=2*B
14.
:(F-32)*5/9=C
PS.:
:
1a1=2a2=6an=an-1/an-2 a150.
: an=an-1/an-2, an-1=an-2/an-3, an=1/an-3,
an=an-6,, 6 , a150=a144=...=a6, a1,a2
a6=1/3.
, a150=a144,
6 , a1-a13( ),
a6=a12,a7=a13,,, a150=a6 , 1/3.
2 30 62 .
key:F=30*9/5=54<62
3:,a1=1 a2=1 an=an-1+an-2 a1,a2,a3,a6
a1,a3,a4,a5
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:, a1-a6 :
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 a1+a2+a3+a6=12, a1+a3+a4+a5=11,.
4 x^2+y^2<=100 x,y
key: X :
X=
Y=
1
1-9
2
1-9
3
1-9
4
1-9
5
1-8
6
1-8
7
1-7
8
1-6
9
1-4 >My answer:=69
5243690100 ,
Key:90
6:0.123456789101112..
100
Key:

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 11 12 19 20
20 2129 20
30 39 20
40 49 20
50 51 52 53 54 55 56
101 5
72904x=y2y xy x

X^2Y^2Z^2=(XYZ)^2
2904 222311112^211^26 6
OK
2^211^2662116^2=132^2
Key x6
8: An=1/n-1/(n+1),n>=1, 100 .
An 1/n-1/(n+1)
An-1=1/(n-1)-1/n
An-2=1/(n-2)-/(n-1)

A111/2

14

 An+An-1++A1=1-1/(n+1) ...

Key: n100 100 100/101

9: 6. x, y, 4x2+y2 144
:(y/2)2+x2=62, 4x2+y2=144
10:-1<r<t <0() question:r+r*t*t -1
Key::
=r(1+t*t)
1)r
1 t
0
1
2)r
1 t
1 2
3)r
0 t
0
0
r-0.9 t=-1/3 ,=-1,-0.9<t<-1/3 <-1
>-1.
11: 4feet*8feet, x inch, 25
::(4*12-x)/(8*12-x)=2/5
=> x=16

1.(permutation):
N ()() M ,
P(M,N)=N!/(N-M)!
: 1-5 3 ,
P(3,5)=5!/(5-3)!=5!/2!=5*4*3*2*1/(2*1)=5*4*3=60

, 5
,....4.....3
5*4*3=60
(), 5*5*5=125
2(combination):
N ()() M (,
),
C(M,N)=P(M,N)/P(M,M)=N!/(M-N)!/M!
C(3,5)=P(3,5)/P(3,3)=5!/2!/3!=5*4*3/(1*2*3)=10
M - M
P(M,M)=M!
M
C(M,N)*P(M,M)=P(M,N),
:C(M,N)=C( (N-M), N )
C(3,5)=C( (5-2), 5 )=C(2,5) = 5!/3!/2!=10

14

3
P=/
0<=P<=1
1)
a,b a b)
P(a b)=P(a)+P(b)
P(a b)=P(a)+P(b)=0 (A,B )
2 :
a+b , a, b ,, a,b
.:
a:
b:, A,B
P=1
1
=1 - ........... 1

a,b ( a,b ) A B
A B A*B a b
A B A U B a b
:PA U B= P(A)+P(B)-P(A*B)................. 2
3
A B
AB PA>0,
PB|A=PA*B/PA.................... 3
A B
PA B /PA
: A B
AB AB A A
B A
4
AB A AB B
PA|B=P(A)
PA U BPAPB................ 4
:
1A, B 0.6 0.8

PP(A !B)+P(B !A)+P(A B)

=0.6*(1-0.8)+0.8*(1-0.6)+0.6*0.8=0.92
, P=1-P(A,B )
=1-(1-0.8)*(1-0.6)=0.92
2 100 6 .
14

:100 6,12,18,...96 16
16*15 , 1-100
99*100 , P=(16*15)/(99*100)=12/505=0.024
31-350 inclusive 100-299inclusive 3,4,5,6,7,8,9
.
100-299 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 20 ,
Key:2*10*7/350=0.4
4. 1-350 inclusive337-350
Key:(359-337+1)/350=4%
5. E F 0.45 E F
0.55
:, G .,
?

,
:
A B,C,D , A
,B,C,D A .A B
, C , D ,
B,C,D A .,A
.
P(A)=P(A|B)+P(A|C)+P(A|D)
,.F ,E ,,OK?
,P(F)=P(F|E)+P(F|!E)
? P(F|E)=0.45,
P(F|!E)= P(F)-P(F|E)= P(F)-0.45
P(F)=1, P(F|!E)=0.55
0.45=<P(F)<1, 0=<P(F|!E)<0.55
sigh

1.mode

e.g. mode of 1,1,1,2,3,0,0,0,5 is 1 and 0

2.range
,.()
e.g. range of 1,1,2,3,5 is 5-1=4
3.mean
arithmatic mean: n n
geometric mean : n n
4.median

e.g. median of 1,7,4,9,2,2,2,2,2,5,8 is 2

median of 1,7,4,9,2,5 is (5+7)/2=6
14

5.standard error
(n)
e.g. standard error of 0,2,5,7,6 is:
(|0-4|+|2-4|+|5-4|+|7-4|+|6-4|)/5=2.4
6.standard variation
n
d2=[(a1-a)2+(a2-a)2+....+(an-a)2 ]/n
e.g. standard variation of 0,2,5,7,6 is: average=4
((0-4)2 +(2-4)2+(5-4)2+(7-4)2+(6-4)2)/5=6.8
7.standard deviation
standard variation d
8.the calculation of quartile( )
Quartile
0 Quartile MINimum
1 QuartileEn1st Quartile
2 Quartile
Median 3 QuartileEn3rd Quartile
4 Quartile MAXimum
1st3rd Quartile
1st3rd
1rd
n n 1st Quartile
1n (n-1)/4 i j
2 1st Quartile ( i+1 )*(4-j)/4+( i+2 )*j/4

1.{5}(1-1)/4 0 0
1st= 1 *4/4+ 2 *0/4=5
2.{1,4}(2-1)/4 0 1
1st= 1 *3/4+ 2 *1/4=1.75
3.{1,5,7}(3-1)/4 0 2
1st= 1 *2/4+ 2 *2/4=3
4.{1,3,6,10}(4-1)/4 0 2
1st= 1 *1/4+ 2 *3/4=2.5
5. 3rd 1rd
1rd
1.{5}3rd=5
2.{4,1}3rd=4*3/4+1*1/4=3.25
3.{7,5,1}3rd=7*2/4+5*2/4=6
4.{10,6,3,1}3rd=10*1/4+6*3/4=7
9The calculation of Percentile
n k% Percentile
1(n-1)*k% i j
14

n n-1 n-1/4
21j*(i1)j*(i+2)

1j 0(n-1)*k%(i+1)
2(i+1)(i+2).
Quartile
1st Quartile k%=25%
2nd Quartile k%=50%
3rd Quartile k%=75%
.

134567891929394959697980
16 :percentile30%
(16-1)*30%=4.5=4+0.5 i4j0.5
(1-0.5)* 5 0.5* 6 =0.5*6+0.5*7=6.5
10.To find median using Stem-and-Leaf ( )
Stem-and-Leaf method GRE ,
. GRE 10
,.
Stem-and-Leaf .Stem
, 11011202130 Leaf Stem

Example for Stem-and-Leaf method:

Data235112418222759412231520
0| 1 2 2 4
1| 12 15 18
2| 20 23 23 24 27
5| 51 59
Stem (unit) = 10
Leaf (unit) = 1

0, 1, 2, 5 Stem, Leaf(leaves).
Stem-and-Leaf 14 data, Stem leaf unit,
1, 2, 2, 4 (first row), 12, 15, 18 (second row), 20, 23, 23,
24, 27(third row), 51, 59 (last row). Stem and Leaf
unit
Stem-and Leaf median
. ( data
), median . median 18 20 =19.
unit
.

14

 Stem-and-Leaf
Stem-and-Leaf
data GRE

11To find the median of data given by percentage(

)
range, range percentage, median
range . percentage 50% median range .
range .
Example for this:
Given: 1020 = 20%, 3050 = 30%, 010 = 40%, 2030 =
10%, median range .

010 = 40%, 1020 = 20%, 2030 = 10%, 3050
= 40%. median50 1020 range .
GRE 010
40 ETS 1020 20 ETS 2030 ETS 3050
ETS 100 ETS ETS

(: 0-10 10%,11-20 12%,21-30

23%,31-40 20%,40 35%, median ?)
12, n<1 n12 12,3
standard error standard variation (=standard deviation)
, standard error
,,, standard error
,. n=0
,0,1,2 1,2,3 . n<0, n,1,2,
, 0<n<1 ,, n ,.

Key: n =(n=0,n=-1,-2,)
13.
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
1624314456
1124364451
1122334455
MEAN AVERAGE .
.
mean-arithmetic mean 1+2+3+4+5/ 5 = 3
14

average-weighted average : (1*1+2*4+...5*1)/

(1+4+6+4+1)=48/16=3
14..
0 28.75% percentile 2085%
percentile r,95% percentile 26, r 23 .
Key:r<23

15
Gaussian
( x a ) 2

p( x) =

2 2

2
a x=a

p(x)

a+

FA ( x ) =

1
2

( a ) 2

2 2

FA ( x) P ( A x ) , A x A
a 50%
F(x)

1.0
B
A

50%
14

1 95%2675%2085%r, r 23

2 Fx a

F20=75%Fr=85%F26=95%
B

C
A

O
A

O AB
A(20, 75%)
B(26, 95%)
O(23, 85%)
C(r, 85%)
C O r<23
easy

2) 9 2 3
151114()

1 a=0, = 1 , 3

x1

x2
14

x1, x2
x=0

a ,y1, y2
3 x1, x2
x=

y a

a=9 = 2 , 5, 11(21)
5 9
= 2
2
11 9
x2 =
=1
2
x1 =

a=3 = 1 , 1, 4(21)

(-2,1)-1,2

GRE&GMAT

1.
addplus subtract difference multiply, times
product divide divisible divided evenly
dividend divisor quotient remainder
factorial power radical sign, root sign round
to to the nearest
2.
union proper subset solution set
3.
algebraic term like terms, similar terms numerical
coefficient literal coefficient inequality
triangle inequality range original
equation equivalent equation linear
equation (e.g. 5x+6=22)
4.
proper fraction improper fraction mixed number
vulgar fractioncommon fraction simple fraction
complex fraction numerator denominator
(least) common denominator quarter

14

decimal fraction infinite decimal

recurring
decimal

tenths unit
5.
arithmetic mean weighted average
geometric mean exponent base ,
cube square root cube root
common logarithm digit constant
variable inverse function complementary function
linear factorization absolute
value e.g.-32=32 round off
6.
natural number positive number negative number
odd integer, odd number even integer, even number
integer, whole number positive whole number
negative whole number consecutive number
real number, rational number , irrationalnumber
inverse composite number prime number
reciprocal common divisor multiple
(least)common multiple () (prime) factor ()
common factor ordinary scale, decimal scale
nonnegative tens units mode median
common ratio
7.
arithmetic progression(sequence) geometric
progression(sequence)
8.
approximate (anti)clockwise () cardinal
ordinal direct proportion distinct estimation
parentheses proportion permutation
combination table trigonometric function
unit ,

1.
alternate angle corresponding angle vertical angle
central angle interior angle exterior angle
supplementary angles complementary angle
adjacent angle acute angle obtuse angle right
angle round angle straight angle included angle

2.
equilateral triangle scalene triangle
isosceles triangle right triangle oblique
inscribed triangle
14

3.
semicircle concentric circles quadrilateral
pentagon hexagon heptagon octagon
nonagon decagon polygon
parallelogram equilateral plane square
rectangle regular polygon rhombus
trapezoid
4.
arc line, straight line line segment parallel lines
segment of a circle
5.
cube rectangular solid regular solid/regular
polyhedron circular cylinder cone sphere
solid
6.
altitude depth side circumference, perimeter
radian surface area volume arm
cross section center of a circle chord
radius angle bisector diagonal diameter
edge face of a solid hypotenuse included
side leg median of a triangle
base e.g. 2 5 2 opposite
midpoint endpoint vertex ( vertices)
tangent transversal intercept
7.
coordinate system rectangular coordinate
origin abscissa ordinate number line
quadrant slope complex plane
8.
plane geometry trigonometry bisect
circumscribe inscribe intersect perpendicular
pythagorean theorem congruent multilateral

1.
cent penny nickel 5 dime
dozen 12 score (20 ) Centigrade Fahrenheit
quart gallon (1 gallon = 4 quart) yard
meter micron inch foot minute (
60 =1 ) square measure cubic meter
pint ()
2.

14

intercalary year(leap year) (366 ) common year (365 )

depreciation down payment discount
margin profit interest simple interest
compounded interest dividend decrease to
decrease by increase to increase by
denote list price markup per capita ratio
retail price tie

1.

2.

3.

14