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MANU/DE/1254/2013 Equivalent Citation: AIR2013Delhi143, 200(2013)DLT322, MIPR2013(2)156, 2013(55)PTC61(Del)2013',"1")>

IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI C (! ) N"#$ 3%4/200% &'( 1446/2011 De)i(e( !'* 15$05$2013 A++ell&',#* Mohan Lal, Proprietor o Mour!a In"u#trie# $#% Re#pon"ent: &ona Paint ' Har"(are# )ND )ppellant#: Mi*olu+e In"ia Li,ite" $#% Re#pon"ent: Ra-e#h .u,ar Tra"in/ a# &aura+h In"u#trie# ' Or#%
Hon0+le 1u"/e#2Cora,: &an3a! .i#han .aul, Man,ohan &in/h an" Ra3iv &ha-"her, 11% Coun#el#: For )ppellant2Petitioner2Plainti : Mr% )#ho- Goel ' Mr% Ran3eev .u,ar, )"v#% in C&4O&5 67829::7 an" Mr% &%.% ;an#al, Mr% $i-a# .hera ' Mr% Pan-a3 .u,ar, )"v#% in C&4O&5 <88=29:<< For Re#pon"ent#2De en"ant: Mr% Mohan $i"hani, Mr% Rahul $i"hani ' Mr% )run 1ain, )"v#% in C&4O&5 67829::7, Mr% Pravin )nan" ' Mr% &ai .han )"v#%, Mr% &u"hir Chan"ra )//ar(al, &r% )"v%, Mr% 1a#preet &areen ' Mr% )n/a" $ar,a, )"v#% or the Intervener# in C&4O&5 <88=29:<< an" M#% Prati+ha M% &in/h, )"vo*ate, a,i*u# *uriae in C&4O&5 67829::7 an" C&4O&5 <88=29:<< &u+3e*t: Intelle*tual Propert! Ri/ht# )*t#2Rule#2Or"er#: Co"e o Civil Pro*e"ure, <>:7 4CPC5 ? Or"er II Rule 9@ Co"e o Civil Pro*e"ure, <>:7 4CPC5 ? Or"er $II Rule <<@ Cop!ri/ht )*t, <>AB ? &e*tion <6, Cop!ri/ht )*t, <>AB ? &e*tion <A4<5, Cop!ri/ht )*t, <>AB ? &e*tion <A495, Cop!ri/ht )*t, <>AB ? &e*tion 9, Cop!ri/ht )*t, <>AB ? &e*tion 94*5@ De#i/n# )*t, <><< Crepeale"D ? &e*tion 8B, De#i/n# )*t, <><< Crepeale"D ? &e*tion A<, De#i/n# )*t, <><< Crepeale"D ? &e*tion A<?), De#i/n# )*t, <><< Crepeale"D ? &e*tion A9, De#i/n# )*t, <><< Crepeale"D ? &e*tion A6@ De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion <:, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion <:485, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion <<, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion <>, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion <>4<54a5, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion 94+5, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion 94*5, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion 94"5, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion 9435, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion 99, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion 99465, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion 99485, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion 994A5, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion 994a5, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion 994+5, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion 6<, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion 67, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion 8, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion 84a5, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion 84+5, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion A, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion =, De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? &e*tion >@ In"ian Penal Co"e 48A O <7=:5 4IPC5 ? &e*tion 8B>@ Tra"e )n" Mer*han"i#e Mar-# )*t, <>A7 Manupatra Information Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

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Crepeale"D ? &e*tion 9, Tra"e )n" Mer*han"i#e Mar-# )*t, <>A7 Crepeale"D ? &e*tion 94<54v5@ Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>> 48B O <>>>5 ? &e*tion <<4654a5, Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>> 48B O <>>>5 ? &e*tion <68, Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>> 48B O <>>>5 ? &e*tion <6A, Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>> 48B O <>>>5 ? &e*tion 94<54n5, Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>> 48B O <>>>5 ? &e*tion 94<54E+5, Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>> 48B O <>>>5 ? &e*tion 94E+5, Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>> 48B O <>>>5 ? &e*tion 9B, Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>> 48B O <>>>5 ? &e*tion 9B4<5, Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>> 48B O <>>>5 ? &e*tion 9B495, Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>> 48B O <>>>5 ? &e*tion 97, Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>> 48B O <>>>5 ? &e*tion 9>, Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>> 48B O <>>>5 ? &e*tion 9>4<5, Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>> 48B O <>>>5 ? &e*tion 9>495, Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>> 48B O <>>>5 ? &e*tion 6:495 4e5, Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>> 48B O <>>>5 ? &e*tion 6< )uthoritie# Re erre": Tra"e,ar-# an" Un air Co,petition +! M*Carth! Citin/ Re eren*e:

) ir,e" 6 Di#*u##e" 8 Mentione" <9

Ca#e Note: De#i/n# ? &uit or in rin/e,ent o re/i#tere" "e#i/n ? Maintaina+ilit! ? &e*tion 99 o De#i/n# )*t, 9::: 49::: )*t5 ? Fhether #uit or in rin/e,ent o re/i#tere" "e#i/n (a# ,aintaina+le a/ain#t another re/i#tere" proprietor o the "e#i/n un"er the De#i/n# )*t, 9::: ? Hel", *o,po#ite rea"in/ o provi#ion# o the De#i/n# )*t (oul" #ho( that a Plainti (a# entitle" to approa*h the Court an" plea" that hi# re/i#tere" "e#i/n (a# unique an" that the De en"ant re/i#trant 4in a *a#e (here he ha# a re/i#tration in hi# avour a# a/ain#t one (ho applie" an unre/i#tere" "e#i/n to arti*le# in the *la## o arti*le# qua (hi*h re/i#tration (a# o+taine"5 ha" o+taine" re/i#tration (hi*h (a# neither ne( nor #i/ni i*antl! "i#tin/ui#ha+le (hen *o,pare" to the Plainti 0# re/i#tere" "e#i/n% )##ertion in the #uit (a# a ri/ht o ,onopol!% It (a# quite po##i+le that the De en"ant on the other han" apart ro, plea"in/ a# part o hi# "e en*e, tho#e ver! /roun"# (hi*h (ere availa+le un"er &e*tion <> o )*t to #ee- *an*ellation o the Plainti 0# re/i#tration ,i/ht +e a+le to e#ta+li#h that hi# re/i#tere" "e#i/n (a# ne( or ori/inal or even #i/ni i*antl! "i#tin/ui#ha+le ro, that o the Plainti % There ore, the #u+,i##ion# ,a"e +! partie# that one re/i#tere" "e#i/n hol"er *oul" not #ue another re/i#tere" "e#i/n hol"er aile" to appre*iate the nature o the #uit% &uit or in rin/e,ent #ou/ht to a##ert the ,onopol! ri/ht# o the Plainti +a#e" on the uniquene##, ne(ne## an" the ori/inalit! o hi# "e#i/n qua the De en"ant re/i#trant% Entr! +! the Controller o De#i/n# in the Re/i#ter o De#i/n# (a# onl! a pri,a a*ie evi"en*e o an! ,atter #o "ire*te" to +e "one +! 9::: )*t or authori#e" to +e entere" in the Re/i#ter o De#i/n#% De#i/n# ? In rin/e,ent o re/i#tere" "e#i/n ? Re,e"! o pa##in/ o ? )vaila+ilit! o ? Fhether there *oul" +e an availa+ilit! o re,e"! o pa##in/ o in a+#en*e o eGpre## #avin/ or pre#ervation o the *o,,on la( +! De#i/n# )*t, 9::: an" ,ore #o (hen the ri/ht# an" re,e"ie# un"er the )*t (ere #tatutor! in nature ?

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Hel", pa##in/ o a*tion #i,pl! put (a# an a*tion ile" to vin"i*ate one0# *lai, that the De en"ant +! e,plo!in/ ,i#repre#entation 4(hether intentional or not5 (a# #ee-in/ to repre#ent to the pu+li* at lar/e that hi# /oo"# (ere tho#e o the *lai,ant an" #u*h a ,i#?repre#entation ha" *au#e" or (a# li-el! to *au#e #u+#tantial "a,a/e to the /oo"(ill2reputation (hi*h (a# atta*he" to the Plainti 0# /oo"#% There ore, in a pa##in/ o a*tion the Plainti (oul" have to e#ta+li#h the ollo(in/ in/re"ient# ? 4i5 That there (a# /oo"(ill or reputation atta*he" to the /oo"# or #ervi*e# (hi*h the Plainti o er# in the ,in" o the pur*ha#in/ pu+li*, i%e%, the *on#u,er#, (ho a##o*iate or (ere in a po#ition to i"enti ! #u*h /oo"# or #ervi*e# +! virtue o Tra"e Mar- u#e" (hi*h *oul" in*lu"e the /et?up, tra"e "re##, #i/n#, pa*-a/in/, la+el, et*% 4ii5 That the De en"ant ha" e,plo!e" ,i#?repre#entation (hi*h ,a"e the *on#u,er# +elieve that the De en"ant# /oo"# (ere tho#e o the Plainti % It (a# no "e en*e in an a*tion o pa##in/ o that the ,i#?repre#entation (a# unintentional or la*-e" rau"ulent intent% 4iii5 )n" la#tl!, that the De en"ant0# a*tion ha" *au#e" "a,a/e or (a# *al*ulate" to *au#e "a,a/e% The 9:<< "e*i#ion o the Delhi Hi/h Court in the #a,e *a#e ha" *o,e into *riti*i#, or it# "e*i#ion that an a*tion or pa##in/ o *oul" not +e intiate" +! the hol"er o a re/i#tere" "e#i/n a# #u*h a re,e"! o pa##in/ o (a# not availa+le un"er the De#i/n# )*t% Thi# ar/u,ent (a# "i#*ar"e" +! the three 3u"/e +en*h o the Delhi Hi/h Court% The Court thu# rel!in/ on M*Carth! on Tra"e,ar- an" Un air Co,petition note" that "ual prote*tion ,a! eGi#t un"er the t(o IPR re/i,e# o "e#i/n la( an" tra"e,ar- la( e#pe*iall! a# #hape (hi*h (a# a relevant *on#i"eration in thi# *a#e i# prote*te" un"er Tra"e Mr- an" De#i/n la(# in In"ia% The Court rule" that (hile #i,ultaneou# re/i#tration a# a Tra"e Mar- an" "e#i/n (a# not per,itte", there (a# no +ar on a "e#i/n po#t re/i#tration on +ein/ u#e" a# a Tra"e Mar-% There ore, "ual prote*tion un"er De#i/n la( an" Tra"e Marla( (a# per,itte"% De#i/n# ? In rin/e,ent o re/i#tere" "e#i/n ? Pa##in/ o ? Fhether the *on*eption o pa##in/ o a# availa+le un"er the Tra"e Mar-# *oul" +e 3oine" (ith the a*tion un"er 9::: )*t (hen the #a,e (a# ,utuall! in*on#i#tent (ith that o re,e"! un"er 9::: )*t ? Hel", "e#i/n *oul" +e u#e" a# a Tra"e Mar- an" i +! virtue o it# u#e, /oo"(ill (a# /enerate" in the *our#e o tra"e or +u#ine##, it *oul" +e prote*te" +! an a*tion in the nature o pa##in/ o % Unli-e the Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>> 4<>>> )*t5 (hi*h #ave" pa##in/ o re,e"! +! an eGpre## provi#ion in the or, o &e*tion 9B495 o <>>> )*t@ there (a# no #u*h provi#ion in 9::: )*t, an" there ore +! ne*e##ar! i,pli*ation, there (a# le/i#lative intent re le*te", (hi*h (a# that, a pa##in/ o re,e"! ou/ht not to +e ,a"e availa+le to a re/i#tere" "e#i/n% Thu#, the +a#i# or a #uit or in rin/e,ent un"er the De#i/n# )*t (a# +a#e" on the uniquene##, ne(ne## an" ori/inalit! o the "e#i/n (hile an a*tion or pa##in/ o (a# opte" or (hen a part! (a# ,i#repre#entin/ u#in/ the Plainti 0# Tra"e Mar-, the *on#equen*e# o (hi*h in*lu"e# "a,a/e to the reputation an" /oo"(ill o the Plainti an" hi#2her /oo"#% There ore, a# the t(o re,e"ie# #te, ro, "i erent *au#e# o a*tion, the Court rule" that the! *oul" not +e *o,+ine" in the #a,e #uit% The Court, ho(ever, note" that or *onvenien*e, i the t(o ,atter# (ere in#titute" in the Court at *lo#e proGi,it! to ea*h other an" i the Court ha# 3uri#"i*tion in +oth ,atter#, then the! *oul" +e hear" to/ether, al+eit a# #eparate *au#e#% Re eren*e "i#po#e" o % In"u#tr!: Tra"in/

1UDGMENT
Ra3iv &ha-"her, 1%

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Page 4 another re/i#tere" proprietor o the "e#i/n un"er the De#i/n# )*t, 9:::H II% Fhether there *an +e an availa+ilit! o re,e"! o pa##in/ o in a+#en*e o eGpre## #avin/ or pre#ervation o the *o,,on la( +! the De#i/n# )*t, 9::: an" ,ore #o (hen the ri/ht# an" re,e"ie# un"er the )*t are #tatutor! in natureH III% Fhether the *on*eption o pa##in/ o a# availa+le un"er the Tra"e Mar-# *an +e 3oine" (ith the a*tion un"er the De#i/n# )*t (hen the #a,e i# ,utuall! in*on#i#tent (ith that o re,e"! un"er the De#i/n# )*t, 9:::H 8% In or"er to appre*iate the +a*-/roun" in (hi*h the a ore#ai" i##ue# have +een rai#e", it ,a! +e relevant to ver! +rie l! a"vert to the plea"in/# in the t(o #uit# +e ore u#% For thi# purpo#e, (e (oul" +e re errin/ to the partie# in the t(o #uit# +! their re#pe*tive na,e# or a++reviate" na,e# (herever it i# oun" *onvenient% In the ir#t #uit, plainti (oul" +e re erre" to a# Mohan Lal, (hile the "e en"ant, &ona Paint# ' Har"(are (oul" +e re erre" to a# &PH% In the #e*on" #uit, the plainti Mi*olu+e In"ia Lt"% (ill +e re erre" to a# MIL, (hile the "e en"ant# +ein/ ,an!, (ill +e *olle*tivel! re erre" to a# "e en"ant#% C&4O&5 No% 67829::7 A% Mohan Lal, (ho i# the proprietor o M2#% Mour!a In"u#trie#, *lai,# to +e in the +u#ine## o ,anu a*turin/ an" tra"in/ o ,irror ra,e#, "oor pipe han"le#, hin/e#, al,irah lo*-# an" al,irah lo*- plate#% A%< It i# averre" that in 9::A, he "evelope" novel an" "i#tin/ui#ha+le "e#i/n# o ,irror ra,e#, (hi*h (ere #u+,itte" or re/i#tration (ith the authoritie# *on#titute" un"er the De#i/n# )*t% )pparentl!, in re#pe*t o ,irror ra,e# t(o re/i#tration# +earin/ no% 9:9:A: an" 9:9:A<, o even "ate, i%e%, :>%<<%9::A, in *la## := ? :B, (ere ,a"e in avour o Mohan Lal% A%9 It i# al#o averre" that #i,ilar appli*ation#, or re/i#tration, in 9::=, (ere ,a"e in *la## :7?:= qua: hin/e#, t(o "i erent an" "i#tin/ui#ha+le al,irah lo*- plate# an" a "oor han"le% The petitioner *lai,# that, the #ai"

C&4O&5 No% 68729::7 C&4O&5 No% <88=29:<< ' I) No#% >A6B29:<< 4+! plainti 5, <68:829:<9 4+! "e en"ant no% 85 ' I) No% <<7B829:<9 <% The *aptione" #uit# in the ir#t in#tan*e *a,e to +e ile" in the Di#tri*t Court on an appli*ation +ein/ ,ove" un"er &e*tion 99485 o the De#i/n# )*t, 9::: 4in #hort the De#i/n# )*t5, C&4O&5 68729::7 4ori/inall! nu,+ere" a# C&4O&5 6A729::B, (a# tran# erre" to thi# *ourt vi"e or"er "ate" <<%:9%9::7, (hile C&4O&5 <88=29:<< 4ori/inall! nu,+ere" a# 8A29:<<5 (a#, #i,ilarl!, tran# erre" to thi# *ourt vi"e or"er "ate" <>%:A%9:<<, on an appli*ation ,ove" +! the plainti , li-e in the other *a#e, un"er provi#ion# o 99485 o the De#i/n# )*t% <%< The#e appli*ation# (ere tran# erre" an" ,ove" a#, in the (ritten #tate,ent# ile" "e en*e#, (hi*h are availa+le un"er &e*tion <> o the De#i/n# )*t, (ere ta-en% Mr% 1u#ti*e Man,ohan &in/h +! an or"er "ate" 6:%:6%9:<9, (hile hearin/ ar/u,ent# on t(o interlo*utor! appli*ation#, one ile" +! the plainti an" the other ile" +! "e en"ant no% 6 in the #ai" #uit or va*ation o eG?parte or"er, pa##e" +! the learne" )""itional Di#tri*t 1u"/e 4)D15, re erre" the ,atter to a Lar/er ;en*h in vie( o the "i*hoto,! in the opinion# eGpre##e" +! variou# ;en*he# o thi# Court in re#pe*t o i##ue# (hi*h (oul" have a +earin/ on ,atter# in i##ue in the #ai" #uit% <%9 &in*e, #i,ilar i##ue#, evi"entl!, ari#e in C&4O&5 No% 67829::7, Mr% 1u#ti*e Man,ohan vi"e or"er "ate" 6<%:6%9:<6, re erre" the #ai" #uit to a Lar/er ;en*h in vie( o the or"er o re eren*e pa##e" in the other #uit% 9% )**or"in/l!, the *aptione" #uit# (ere pla*e" +e ore the Full ;en*h% 6% Mr% 1u#ti*e Man,ohan &in/h 4(ho i# al#o a ,e,+er o the Full ;en*h5 vi"e or"er "ate" 6:%:6%9:<9 ha# #ou/ht a "e*i#ion on the ollo(in/ i##ue#: I% Fhether the #uit or in rin/e,ent o re/i#tere" De#i/n i# ,aintaina+le a/ain#t

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Page 5 "e#i/n# +ein/ ne(, ori/inal an" novel, (ere re/i#tere" on <A%:6%9::= vi"e re/i#tration no#% 9:6A:=, 9:6A:B, 9:6A:7 an" 9:6A:>, re#pe*tivel!% A%6 In re#pe*t o ea*h o the a ore,entione" "e#i/n# it i# averre" that the! are ne(, novel an" "i#tin/ui#ha+le% It i# al#o averre" that, Mohan Lal i# the ori/inator, inventor, o(ner an" la( ul proprietor o the a ore,entione" re/i#tere" "e#i/n#% It i# averre" that, in O*to+er, 9::B, Mohan Lal +e*a,e a(are o the a*t that &PH ha" *lan"e#tinel! *o,,en*e" ,anu a*turin/ ,irror ra,e#, "oor han"le# o al,irah et*% +earin/ "e#i/n# (hi*h (ere i"enti*al an" #i,ilar to tho#e in re#pe*t o (hi*h Mohal Lal *lai,e" proprietar! ri/ht#% A%8 Con#equentl!, a le/al noti*e "ate" <6%<:%9::B (a# i##ue" to &PH% &PH, evi"entl!, #ent a repl! "ate" <7%<:%9::B (hi*h, a**or"in/ to Mohan Lal, (a# va/ue an" ,i#lea"in/% Thi# ne*e##itate", in#titution o a #uit or per,anent in3un*tion, pa##in/ o , "a,a/e# an" ren"ition o a**ount o pro it# earne" a# al#o or "eliver! o the /oo"# o &PH, (hi*h are, i,itation# o the "e#i/n# re/i#tere" in the na,e o Mohan Lal% Deliver! i# al#o #ou/ht or "e#tru*tion o pa*-a/in/, a"verti#e,ent ,aterial#, #tationer!, "ie# et*% on (hi*h, i,itation "e#i/n# are repro"u*e"% A%A &PH, on the other han", in it# "e en*e ha# plea"e" that the "e#i/n# in i##ue, (ere (ron/l! re/i#tere" in avour o Mohan Lal, an" that, the! are neither ne( nor ori/inal% ;ein/ in pu+li* "o,ain, it i# averre", the! ou/ht not to have +een re/i#tere" in the ir#t in#tan*e% It i# thu# the #tan" o &PH that, the "e#i/n# in i##ue, are lia+le to +e *an*elle" on thi# /roun" alone a# the! "o not ul il the *riteria pre#*ri+e" un"er &e*tion 84a5 an" 84+5 o the De#i/n# )*t% It i# plea"e" that the "e#i/n# are tra"e variant# o prior pu+li*ation an" thu#, a# in"i*ate" a+ove, lia+le to +e *an*elle"% A%= More #pe*i i*all!, &PH plea"# that in re#pe*t o ,irror ra,e re/i#tration# +earin/ no% 9:9:A: an" 9:9:A<, there i# a prior re/i#tration +earin/ no% <7>66: in avour o a per#on +! the na,e o Mr% Gopal Pan*hal, tra"in/ un"er the na,e an" #t!le o Reveria &teel In"ia, #ituate at B9, Peri!an Colon!, In"ore, #tate o Ma"h!a Pra"e#h% A%B It i# urther averre" that the "e#i/n, I ra,e o ,irrorI i# re/i#tere" in avour o &PH vi"e re/i#tration no% 9:=A<:, an" there ore, Mohan Lal *annot ,aintain a *lai, or pira*! an" in rin/e,ent, qua &PH, vi#?J? vi# the #ai" re/i#tration% )n alternative plea ha# al#o +een ta-en that, the "e#i/n o &PH i# "i erent% ) #i,ilar plea i# ta-en qua other "e#i/n# in re#pe*t o (hi*h the re/i#tration# have +een o+taine" +! Mohan Lal% A%7 It i# al#o plea"e" that Mohan Lal ha# *on*eale" the a*t that, he ha" "ealt (ith &PH an" ha" #ol" hi# /oo"#, +earin/ the "e#i/n# in i##ue, to &PH% C&4O&5 No% <88=29:<< =% MIL, *lai,# to +e in the +u#ine## o ,anu a*turin/ an" ,ar-etin/ petroleu, pro"u*t#, an" +ra-e an" *lut*h uel oil, lu+ri*atin/ oil an" /rea#e# a# al#o other allie" an" *o/nate pro"u*t# 4hereina ter *olle*tivel! re erre" to a# pro"u*t#5% It i# averre" that, the#e pro"u*t# are #ol" in *ontainer# (hi*h have ori/inal an" novel "e#i/n#, an" that, MIL i# the author an" the o(ner o the#e "e#i/n#% =%< MIL *lai,# to have *reate" t(o #u*h novel an" ori/inal "e#i/n# in 9::7% It i# averre" that, in re#pe*t o one o the t(o "e#i/n# *reate", it ha# o+taine" re/i#tration on <:%<9%9::7, un"er the De#i/n# )*t, +earin/ no% 99::B<% MIL *lai,# that the #ai" *ontainer# have a novel #hape, *on i/uration an" pattern an" that the "e#i/n ha# ae#theti* qualitie# (hi*h are appealin/ to the e!e# o the hol"er% The "e#i/n# +! the,#elve#, it i# averre", have no +earin/ on the e i*ien*! o the pro"u*t# in i##ue% =%9 MIL *lai,# to have #ol" the a ore,entione" pro"u*t# in the *ontainer# "e#i/ne" +! it, over a perio" o ti,e, (ith annual #ale runnin/ into #everal la-h#% =%6 It i# *lai,e" that "e en"ant# < to 8 are in the #a,e +u#ine## o ,anu a*turin/ an" ,ar-etin/, in"u#trial oil#, /rea#e#, oil an" lu+ri*ant oil et*% an" other allie" pro"u*t#% It

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Page 6 i# urther averre" that, the "e en"ant#, (ho are inter?relate" 4thou/h the eGa*t neGu# an" *on#titution o "e en"ant# i# not -no(n5, are #ellin/ their /oo"# in *ontainer# (hi*h have "e#i/n# i"enti*al to tho#e o MIL% The *ontainer# o the "e en"ant# +ear the #a,e #hape an" *on i/uration a# tho#e o MIL an" hen*e, are rau"ulent an" o+viou# i,itation o the "e#i/n# in (hi*h MIL *lai,# proprietor#hip% It i# al#o averre" that, at a /iven point in ti,e, "e en"ant no#% < an" 8 (ere Dire*tor# in MIL% =%8 It i# *lai,e" that in Fe+ruar!, 9:<< MIL +e*a,e a(are or the ir#t ti,e o the a*t that the "e en"ant# ha" +een #ellin/ their /oo"# in *ontainer# (hi*h +ore "e#i/n# #i,ilar to tho#e o MIL% It i# inter alia averre" that, #in*e the in rin/e,ent o the re/i#tere" "e#i/n# o MIL an" the tort o pa##in/ o too- pla*e in Delhi, thi# Court ha# the ne*e##ar! 3uri#"i*tion to entertain an" tr! the #uit an" hen*e the "e*i#ion to approa*h thi# *ourt, +! (a! o the pre#ent #uit% =%A The relie # *lai,e" in thi# #uit are i"enti*al to the earlier #uit% The relie #ou/ht are in the nature o : /rant o per,anent in3un*tion, ren"ition o a**ount# o pro it# ille/all! earne" +! the "e en"ant#, "eliver! o ini#he" an" un ini#he" ,aterial +earin/ "e#i/n#, over (hi*h MIL *lai,# proprietor#hip% =%= The *onte#tin/ "e en"ant, i%e%, "e en"ant no% 6, apart ro, preli,inar! o+3e*tion# rai#e" in the (ritten #tate,ent, ha# ta-en the u#ual "e en*e#, (hi*h are that: MIL i# not the proprietor o a ne( an" ori/inal "e#i/n an" ha# in#tea" pirate" the "e#i/n ro, other lu+ri*ant ,anu a*turer#% Thi# aver,ent i# #upporte" (ith the #u+,i##ion that, MIL ha# not pla*e" on re*or" "ra(in/#, C)D ,o"el#, pattern# an" an! R'D pro*e## a"opte" or *reation o the "e#i/n# in i##ue nor, i# there an! +ill, invoi*e or an! Me,oran"u, o Un"er#tan"in/ ile", (hi*h (oul" #ho( the ter,# arrive" at (ith the "e#i/ner2arti#t (ho purporte"l! (a# in#tru,ental in "e#i/nin/ the *ontainer# in re#pe*t o (hi*h, MIL i# *lai,in/ proprietor#hip% ) *hallen/e i# lai" to the re/i#tration o+taine" +! the MIL on the /roun" that, it (a# o+taine" +! pla!in/ a rau" on the *on*erne" #tatutor! authorit!, i%e%, the Controller o De#i/n#% It i# urther averre" that, MIL #houl" +e put to #tri*t proo o it# *lai, o havin/ +een ,a"e #ale# runnin/ into la-h# o rupee#, an" al#o, (ith re/ar" to the a##ertion ,a"e, o havin/ #pent hu/e #u,# o ,one! on a"verti#e,ent an" pro,otion o pro"u*t#, #ol" in *ontainer# +earin/ the "e#i/n# in i##ue% =%B The "e en"ant# *lai,e" to have o+taine" t(o tra"e ,ar- re/i#tration# in *la## 8 +earin/ no% <=A6A7= an" B6=6AA% The "e en"ant# tra"e,ar- i# MECO *lai,e" to have u#e" thi# tra"e ,ar- #in*e <>>6% =%7 Preli,inar! o+3e*tion# have +een rai#e" in re#pe*t o the ollo(in/: 4I5 that the re/i#tration *erti i*ate it#el +ear# a "i#*lai,er that it i# not to +e ,a"e u#e in the le/al pro*ee"in/# or or o+tainin/ re/i#tration a+roa"@ 4ii5 the #uit i# +arre" un"er &e*tion 94"5 o the De#i/n# )*t < an" hen*e the plaint i# lia+le to +e re3e*te" un"er Or"er B Rule << o the Co"e o Civil Pro*e"ure, <>B6 4in #hort the Co"e5@ 4iii5 the Court "oe# not have the territorial 3uri#"i*tion to entertain an" tr! the #uit, an" 4iv5 la#tl!, the #uit i# +arre" un"er the provi#ion# o Or"er 9 Rule 9 o the Co"e a# it "oe# not in*lu"e the entiret! o MIL0# *lai,% &U;MI&&ION OF COUN&EL& B% In the +roa" +a*-/roun" o the plea"in/# re erre" to a+ove, ar/u,ent# in thi# ,atter (ere a""re##e" on +ehal o the plainti in C&4O&5 No% 67829::7 +! Mr% )#ho- Goel, )"vo*ate, an" tho#e, on +ehal o "e en"ant# +! Mr% Mohan $i"hani, )"vo*ate% In C&4O&5 No% <88=29:<<, ar/u,ent# on +ehal o the plainti (ere a""re##e" +! Mr% &%.% ;an#al, )"vo*ate% The "e en"ant# (ere repre#ente" +! Mr% Pravin )nan", )"vo*ate% )r/u,ent# in interlo*utor! appli*ation: I) No% <<7B829:<9 (ere a"van*e" +! Mr% &u"hir Chan"er )//ar(al, #enior *oun#el% Thi# appli*ation ha# +een ile", in C&4O&5 <88=29:<<, a# the appli*ant ha# pre erre" an appeal +ein/: F)O4O&5 No% 69=29::B, in (hi*h, it i# #tate" that i##ue no% II, *ulle" out hereina+ove, ari#e# or *on#i"eration% The #ai" appeal a# "ire*te" +! the Divi#ion ;en*h vi"e it# or"er "ate" 6:%:8%9:<9 i# to +e ta-en up or hearin/ po#t the "e*i#ion o the Full ;en*h% M#% Prati+ha M% &in/h, )"vo*ate in

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Page 7 her *apa*it! a# an a,i*u# *uriae ha# al#o, a"van*e" #u+,i##ion# in the ,atter% 7% The #u+,i##ion# ,a"e +! Mr% Goel (ere a# ollo(#% In re#pe*t o i##ue no% I it (a# #u+,itte" that a #uit or in rin/e,ent o a re/i#tere" "e#i/n a# a/ain#t another per#on *lai,in/ to have o+taine" re/i#tration in hi# avour, (a# ,aintaina+le, or the ollo(in/ rea#on#: 7%< That onl! that "e#i/n *oul" +e re/i#tere" (hi*h (a# ne( or ori/inal% In other (or"#, the "e#i/n# (hi*h (ere neither ne( nor ori/inal, or (ere not #i/ni i*antl! "i#tin/ui#ha+le ro, other -no(n "e#i/n# or *o,+ination o -no(n "e#i/n#, *oul" not +e re/i#tere"% Thi# #u+,i##ion, a**or"in/ to Mr% Goel, lo(e" ro, a *o,+ine" rea"in/ o &e*tion 94359 an" &e*tion 8 o the De#i/n# )*t% It (a# thu# *onten"e", that un"er &e*tion <>, Ian! per#onI *oul" ile a petition or *an*ellation o a re/i#tere" "e#i/n on an! o the /roun"# re erre" to a+ove% There ore, an! "e#i/n (hi*h (a# re/i#tere" #u+#equentl!, (a# o+viou#l! neither ne( or ori/inal an" hen*e a re/i#trant hol"in/ #u*h a re/i#tration *oul" never +e *on#i"ere" to +e in po##e##ion o a vali" re/i#tration% 7%9 It (a# *onten"e" that, &e*tion 996 o the De#i/n# )*t, prohi+ite" an! per#on or the purpo#e# o #ale to appl! or *au#e to +e applie" to an! arti*le in an! *la## o arti*le# in (hi*h the "e#i/n i# re/i#tere", the re/i#tere" "e#i/n or an! o it# rau"ulent or o+viou# i,itation% In other (or"#, it (a# *lai,e" that &e*tion 99 per,itte" in rin/e,ent a*tion# a/ain#t an! per#on, (ho ha" +een /rante" re/i#tration or i"enti*al or #i,ilar "e#i/n% 7%6 That #u*h an a*tion (a# per,i##i+le, a**or"in/ to Mr% Goel, (a# evi"ent ro, the a*t that the Tra"e,ar-# )*t, <>>> 4in #hort the Tra"e,ar- )*t5, (hi*h (a# ena*te" onl! a !ear prior to the De#i/n# )*t, #pe*i i*all! eG*lu"e" a*tion a/ain#t another re/i#tere" proprietor% Re eren*e in thi# re/ar" (a# ,a"e to &e*tion 9>, 9>4<5, 9>495 an" 6:4954e5 o the Tra"e,ar-# )*t% 7%8 It (a# *onten"e" that a rea"in/ o provi#ion# o &e*tion 99485 o the De#i/n# )*t (oul" #ho( that the Hi/h Court (a# ve#te" (ith the po(er to "ire*t *an*ellation o re/i#tere" "e#i/n#, a# lon/ a# the /roun"# rai#e" (ere tho#e, (hi*h ell, (ithin the provi#ion# o &e*tion <> o the De#i/n# )*t% Relian*e in thi# re/ar" (a# al#o pla*e" on &e*tion 994A5 o the De#i/n# )*t% 7%A )# re/ar"# the other t(o i##ue#, it (a# #u+,itte" that not onl! (a# the pa##in/ o re,e"! availa+le +ut that +oth *oul" +e *o,+ine" in a #in/le a*tion, a# the! (ere not ,utuall! in*on#i#tent% In thi# *onteGt, it (a# *onten"e" that, pa##in/ o (a# a *o,,on la( re,e"!, (hi*h relate" to a tortiou# a*t o the "e en"ant (here+! the "e en"ant repre#ente" hi# o(n /oo"# a# #o,eone el#e0# /oo"#% The ,i#repre#entation ,a"e i# inten"e" to in3ure the /oo"(ill /enerate" +! the plainti 0# +u#ine## an" *au#e a*tual "a,a/e to hi,% The tort o pa##in/ o i# not *on ine" to tra"e,ar-# +ut eGten"# to #lo/an#, vi#ual i,a/e#, pattern# an"2or orna,entation (hen the! +e*o,e part o the /oo"(ill an" reputation o the pro"u*t% It (a# #u+,itte" that, a# lon/ a# there i# no prohi+ition ro, in#titutin/ an a*tion o pa##in/ o , the a**e## to that re,e"! *annot +e "enie" to a plainti % 7%= Mr% Goel #u+,itte" that the ar/u,ent o ten ,a"e that +e*au#e there i# #avin/ o the re,e"! o pa##in/ o un"er the Tra"e,ar)*t, (hi*h i# not #o in the *a#e o De#i/n# )*t, an" hen*e no re,e"! +! (a! o pa##in/ o i# availa+le in *a#e# o "e#i/n#, i# an untena+le ar/u,ent or the ollo(in/ rea#on#: 7%B &e*tion 9B4<58 o the Tra"e,ar-# )*t ,a-e# it *lear that there *an +e no in rin/e,ent a*tion in re#pe*t o an unre/i#tere" tra"e,ar-% Thi# a##ertion in #u+ &e*tion 4<5 o &e*tion 9B *oul" have *au#e" *on u#ion an", there ore, the le/i#lature +! (a! o a+un"ant *aution in &u+ &e*tion 495 o &e*tion 9BA ha# ,a"e a provi#ion or #avin/ the re,e"! o pa##in/ o % 7%7 Un"er the Tra"e,ar-# )*t, there i# a re*o/nition o a le/i#lative poli*! o re*o/ni#in/ ,ultiple o(ner i%e%, re/i#tere" proprietor# o an i"enti*al or a #u+#tantiall! #i,ilar ,ar- an" it i# or thi# rea#on perhap# that the re,e"! o a pa##in/ o a*tion, i# #ave" +! in#ertin/ a provi#ion #u*h a# &u+ &e*tion 495 o &e*tion 9B% The a*t that there i# re*o/nition o ,ultiple o(ner#hip i%e%, re/i#tere" proprietor# o a tra"e,ar- i# quite

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Page evi"ent on a peru#al o &e*tion# 97, 9>4<5, 9>495 an" &e*tion 6:4954e5 o the Tra"e,ar-# )*t% 7%> It (a# #u+,itte" +! Mr% Goel that, the eGpiration o the #tatutor! perio" or "e#i/n "urin/ (hi*h the proprietor ha# ,onopol! on the u#e o the "e#i/n, (oul" not ,ean that, on*e the "e#i/n pa##e# into pu+li* "o,ain, the proprietor (oul" not have a re,e"! o pa##in/ o , availa+le to hi,% ;! (a! o eGa,ple, it i# #ou/ht to +e *onten"e" that i , or eGa,ple, a "e#i/n (a# not u#e" a# a tra"e,ar- "urin/ the #tatutor! perio", or (hi*h it (a# re/i#tere", +ut *a,e to +e u#e" a# a tra"e,ar- on*e it +e*a,e availa+le in pu+li* "o,ain then, *oul" a ri/ht to prote*t the u#e o the ,ar- +! another per#on +e "enie" i the plainti i# a+le to "e,on#trate that (hile the ,ar- (a# in pu+li* "o,ain he ha" u#e" the ,ar- to (hi*h a #u+#tantial /oo"(ill (a# atta*he"% >% It (a# #u+,itte" that (hile in or"er to e#ta+li#h the tort o pa##in/ o a hi/her "e/ree o proo (oul" perhap# +e require" than, in an a*tion or in rin/e,ent un"er the De#i/n# )*t, the re,e"ie# +! the,#elve# (ere in"epen"ent o ea*h other% The re,e"! o pa##in/ o ha" it# #our*e in *o,,on la(, an" (a# thu#, a perpetual re,e"! availa+le to the plainti % In thi# +ehal relian*e (a# pla*e" on the 3u"/,ent o the Chan*er! Divi#ion, En/lan" an" Fale# in the *a#e o Nu,ati* International Lt"% $#% KualteG U. Lt"% M)NU2U.CH2::<729:<: : C9:<:D EFHC <96B 4Ch%5% It (a# #u+,itte" that a re,e"! o pa##in/ o a*tion (a# availa+le to prote*t the ri/ht# (hi*h inhere in a #hape, pattern or an orna,entation (hi*h ha# /aine" #e*on"ar! ,eanin/ a,on/#t *on#u,er#% The "e#i/n, it (a# #u+,itte", prote*t# non? un*tional attri+ute# (hi*h relate to ae#theti*# an" are plea#in/ to the e!e% Mr% Goel, thu# *onten"e" that, there ore, a re,e"! +! (a! o a pa##in/ o a*tion (a# availa+le +oth "urin/ the #u+#i#ten*e o the #tatutor! ri/ht *reate" in a "e#i/n an" therea ter% The re,e"! o a pa##in/ o a# a/ain#t "e#i/n in rin/e,ent (ere in"epen"ent o ea*h other, there ore, "i" not i,pin/e upon ea*h other% &in*e the t(o re,e"ie# (ere not ,utuall! in*on#i#tent an" thu# not "e#tru*tive o ea*h other, +oth a*tion#, *oul" +e *o,+ine" in one #uit% <:% On the other han", Mr% $i"hani #u+,itte" that the De#i/n# )*t (a# a #el ?*ontaine" *o"e% Un"er &e*tion <<=, a re/i#tere" proprietor (a# *on erre" (ith a *op!ri/ht in a "e#i/n or a perio" o ten 4<:5 !ear# (hi*h (a# eGten"a+le or a urther perio" o ive 4A5 !ear#% The De#i/n# )*t ,a"e no "i#tin*tion +et(een a prior an" a #u+#equent re/i#tration qua a "e#i/n% The eGpre##ion Ian! per#onI un"er &e*tion 99 (oul" have to +e a per#on other than a re/i#tere" proprietor a# the #u+#equent re/i#tere" proprietor o+tain# a *op!ri/ht in ter,# o &e*tion << o the De#i/n# )*t% Havin/ o+taine" a re/i#tration, it *annot +e #ai" that the #u+#equent re/i#trant, ha# o+taine" an unla( ul re/i#tration% <:%< Fhat i# provi"e" un"er &e*tion 99465 o the De#i/n# )*t are /roun"# to *hallen/e o the re/i#tration, in an in rin/e,ent pro*ee"in/#, (hi*h are other(i#e availa+le a# /roun"# or *an*ellation o a re/i#tere" "e#i/n% Thi#, ho(ever, "oe# not *on er on the Hi/h *ourt the 3uri#"i*tion to invali"ate or *an*el a re/i#tration@ that po(er i# availa+le un"er &e*tion <> onl! to the Controller o De#i/n#% There ore, a #uit or in rin/e,ent *annot lie a/ain#t another re/i#tere" proprietor% Relian*e in thi# re/ar" (a# pla*e" on a 3u"/,ent o a &in/le 1u"/e o thi# Court in the *a#e o To+u Enterpri#e# Pvt% Lt"% v#% Me/ha Enterpri#e# ' )nr% <>76 PTC 6A> 4in #hort To+u Enterpri#e#5% <:%9 Mr% $i"hani #u+,itte" that the onl! re,e"! availa+le to a prior re/i#tere" proprietor o a "e#i/n (oul" +e to #ee*an*ellation o an in rin/in/ #u+#equent re/i#tration un"er &e*tion <> an" not +! (a! o a #uit, the +a#i# o (hi*h re#i"e# in &e*tion 99 o the De#i/n# )*t% <:%6 )# re/ar"# i##ue no% II, it (a# #u+,itte" that ri/ht# qua a "e#i/n lo( ro, a #tatute, i%e%, the De#i/n# )*t, an" not ro, *o,,on la(% Li-e the Tra"e,ar-# )*t, (hi*h re*o/niEe# the re,e"! o a pa##in/ o a*tion, there i# no #u*h provi#ion un"er the De#i/n# )*t% In that #en#e, the ri/ht# qua +oth a patent an" a "e#i/n are #tatutor! in nature% It i# #u+,itte" that the re,e"! o pa##in/ o i# a *o,,on la( re,e"!@ an" it i# onl! tho#e *o,,on la( re,e"ie# (hi*h eGi#te" prior to the ena*t,ent o the Con#titution an" to the

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Page ! eGtent that the! (ere #ave" +! #tatutor! provi#ion#, (oul" *ontinue to operate% <:%8 The le/i#lature (a# *o/niEant o thi# a*t, #in*e it ha" un"er the provi#ion# o &e*tion 9B495 o the Tra"e,ar-# )*t #pe*i i*all! #ave" the re,e"! o a pa##in/ o a*tion% The De#i/n# )*t (hi*h (a# ena*te" therea ter *on#*iou#l! eG*lu"e" the #ai" re,e"!% In other (or"#, a re,e"! (hi*h i# not provi"e" in the #tatute *annot +e i,porte" into the #tatute% In thi# +ehal an atte,pt (a# ,a"e to "i#tin/ui#h the o+#ervation# ,a"e +! another &in/le 1u"/e o thi# Court in To+u Enterpri#e# 4P5 Lt"% v#% M2#% 1o/in"er Metal For-# an" )nr% M)NU2DE2:6A>2<>7A : )IR <>7A Del 988 4in #hort 1o/in"er Metal For-#5% It (a# #u+,itte" that, apart ro, a pa##in/ re eren*e in para/raph = o that 3u"/,ent, (hi*h #ee,e" to #u//e#t that the re,e"! o pa##in/ o (a# not eG*lu"e", un"er &e*tion A6 o the De#i/n# )*t, <><< 4pre#ent &e*tion 99 De#i/n# )*t 9:::5, there i# no other "i#*u##ion on thi# a#pe*t o the ,atter% To #upport thi# ar/u,ent, a re eren*e (a# ,a"e to &e*tion <A495 o the In"ian Cop!ri/ht )*t, <>AB 4Cop!ri/ht )*t5B to *onten" that *op!ri/ht an" "e#i/n (hi*h i# *apa+le o re/i#tration un"er the De#i/n# )*t an" ha# not +een re/i#tere" an" i the "e#i/n (a# applie" to in"u#trial pro*e##, ,ore than A: ti,e#, the *op!ri/ht in #u*h a "e#i/n (a# lo#t% It (a# thu# *onten"e" that pa##in/ o re,e"! (a# thu#, *learl! rule" out qua "e#i/n#% <:%A Mr% $i"hani *onten"e" that #in*e #hape o /oo"# are no( in*lu"e" in the "e inition o a Tra"e,ar- C#ee &e*tion# 94<54n5 an" 94<5 4E+5 o the Tra"e Mar-# )*tD an" there ore a plainti (oul" have to *hoo#e (hi*h #tatutor! a*t he (oul" (i#h to ta-e re*our#e to% I the "e#i/n (hi*h i# re/i#tere" un"er the De#i/n# )*t all# into pu+li* "o,ain a ter the eGpir! o the #tatutor! perio", then no re,e"! +! (a! o pa##in/ o (oul" +e availa+le% I the relie o pa##in/ o i# ,a"e availa+le a ter the lap#e o the #tatutor! perio", then the ver! purpo#e o provi"in/ eG*lu#ive ri/ht#@ al+eit or a li,ite" "uration, (oul" /et "e eate"% <<% Mr% &%.% ;an#al, on the other han", #u+,itte" that a #uit or in rin/e,ent i# availa+le a/ain#t a #u+#equent re/i#tere" proprietor a# re/i#tration o a "e#i/n un"er &e*tion <:485 o the De#i/n# )*t 7 (a# onl!: Ia pri,a a*ie evi"en*e o an! ,atter +! thi# )*t "ire*te" or authoriEe" to +e entere" thereinI% The "i#tin*tion, a**or"in/ to Mr% ;an#al, #too" out in #harp *ontra#t to the provi#ion# o &e*tion 6< o the Tra"e,ar-# )*t, (here+! upon re/i#tration the ,ar- (a# *on#true" to +e pri,a a*ie vali"% It (a# #u+,itte" that, a #u+#equent re/i#tration +ein/ an invali" re/i#tration (a# #tatutoril! lia+le to +e *an*elle" un"er &e*tion <>4<54a5 o the De#i/n# )*t% )**or"in/l!, it (a# *onten"e", that &e*tion 99465 o the De#i/n# )*t (a# appli*a+le +oth to the plainti a# (ell a# the "e en"ant% )**or"in/ to Mr% ;an#al, a *on3oint rea"in/ o &e*tion <:485, &e*tion <>4<54a5 an" &e*tion 99 o the De#i/n# )*t (oul" #ho( that no *au#e o a*tion (oul" +e availa+le to a plainti or in#titutin/ a #uit +a#e" on a #u+#equentl! re/i#tere" "e#i/n unle## invali"it! o the #u+#equent re/i#tration i# plea"e"% <<%< )# re/ar"# the #e*on" i##ue, it (a# *onten"e" +! Mr% ;an#al that an a*tion +! (a! o pa##in/ o (a# not ,aintaina+le nor (a# a re,e"! o that nature availa+le un"er the De#i/n# )*t% <<%9 It (a# urther *onten"e", thou/h in the alternative, that i a re,e"! o pa##in/ o (a# to +e ,a"e availa+le then, it #houl" +e *on ine" to the #tatutor! perio" or (hi*h eG*lu#ive ri/ht# are /iven qua a "e#i/n% The rea#on# arti*ulate" in #upport o thi# #u+,i##ion (ere a# ollo(#: 4i5 The *lear an" i,plie" nature, #*he,e an" ,an"ate o the De#i/n# )*t@ 4ii5 the #tate,ent o O+3e*t# an" Rea#on# *ontaine" in the De#i/n# )*t@ 4iii5 the *on#tru*tion o the De#i/n# )*t (ith re eren*e to allie", *o/nate an" relate" IPR la(#, #u*h a# the Tra"e,ar-# )*t, Cop!ri/ht )*t an" the Patent# )*t, <>B: 4in #hort Patent# )*t5@ 4iv5 the la( o pa##in/ o it#el @ an" 4v5 la#tl!, la( an" pra*ti*e prevalent in Unite" .in/"o, 4U%.%5 an" European Union 4E%U%5 pertainin/ to "e#i/n per #e in relation to "e#i/n#, IPR #u*h a# tra"e,ar-#, patent#, *op!ri/ht an", the hi#tor! o "e#i/n# la(% <<%6 It (a# *onten"e" that the ri/ht# in a "e#i/n eGi#t# onl! till the "e#i/n i# in eGi#ten*e% On*e the re/i#tration *ea#e#, the ri/ht# availa+le un"er the De#i/n# )*t *ea#e% Re eren*e (a# pla*e" on &e*tion# 94*5 an" << o the De#i/n# )*t% The "e inition o "e#i/n

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Page 1" #pe*i i*all! eG*lu"e# the tra"e,ar- a# "e ine" in the tra"e an" Mer*han"i#e Mar- )*t, <>A7 4in #hort the <>A7 )*t5 an", the Propert! Mar- an" )rti#ti* (or- a# "e ine" in the *op!ri/ht )*t% The "e inition o "e#i/n #et# out *lear an" "i#tin*t para,eter# (hi*h "oe# not a",it an!thin/ ,ore than (hat i# pre#*ri+e" in the "e inition% Relian*e (a# pla*e" in thi# +ehal on &e*tion 94"5 o the De#i/n# )*t an" the 3u"/,ent o the &upre,e Court in P% .a#ilin/a, v#% P%&%G% Colle/e o Te*hnolo/! M)NU2&C2:9=A2<>>A : )IR <>>A &C <6>A% <<%8 The "e inition o "e#i/n *annot +e eGten"e" to *o,,on la( ri/ht# or /oo"(ill% The De#i/n# )*t *on er# ri/ht# in ne/ative, that i#, a ri/ht to eG*lu"e rival a*tivit!% The pe*uniar! *o,pen#ation or in rin/e,ent i# al#o -ept *appe" to pre#*ri+e" #u,# o ,one!% Relian*e in thi# re/ar" (a# pla*e" on &e*tion 994a5 an" 994+5 o the De#i/n# )*t% The #u, an" #u+#tan*e (a# that the provi#ion# o the )*t are #el ?#u#taine" *o"e an" (hen rea" (ith the &tate,ent# o O+3e*t# an" Rea#on# o the De#i/n# )*t, it "e*i"e"l! eG*lu"e# the re,e"! +! (a! o a pa##in/ o % Re eren*e (a# al#o ,a"e, li-e Mr% $i"hani, to the provi#ion# o the Tra"e,ar-# )*t, in parti*ular, &e*tion# <<4654a5 an" &e*tion 9B495, &e*tion <68 an" <6A o the Tra"e,ar-# )*t% <<%A It (a# *onten"e" that the pa##in/ o re,e"! (hi*h i# +a#e" on la( o tort#, "oe# not prote*t the ,ar- or "e#i/n per #e, +ut onl! prote*t# the /oo"(ill an" reputation atta*he" to it #o a# to prevent "e*eption +ein/ e,plo!e" on the *on#u,er a# to the #our*e an" ori/in o the /oo"#% Relian*e in thi# re/ar" (a# pla*e" on the 3u"/,ent o the &upre,e Court in the *a#e o : LaG,i-ant $% Patel v#% Chetan+hat &hah ' )nr% M)NU2&C2:B=629::< : 49::95 6 &CC =A at pa/e A in para/raph <<% <<%= Re eren*e (a# al#o ,a"e to variou# ena*t,ent# in Unite" .in/"o, an" European Union to #u//e#t ho( overlap i# avoi"e"% In thi# re/ar", a re eren*e (a# al#o ,a"e to the In"ian le/i#lation in thi# area o the la( +! "ra(in/ the attention o the Court to the Patent# )n" De#i/n# )*t (hi*h (a# a,en"e" in <>B: #o a# to "ivor*e the Patent# )*t, <>B: ro, "e#i/n#% &i,ilarl!, it (a# #u+,itte" that the Cop!ri/ht )*t, (a# repeale" +! the Cop!ri/ht )*t o <>AB in a ,anner that a *op!ri/ht prote*tion (a# eG*lu"e" qua "e#i/n#% It (a# *onten"e", li-e Mr% $i"hani, that the Tra"e,ar-# )*t (hi*h in*orporate# #hape# o /oo"# in the "e inition o a tra"e,ar-@ the ri/ht to ile a*tion or in rin/e,ent an" pa##in/ o are #pe*i i*all! provi"e" in that )*t it#el % <<%B In #upport o the alternative #u+,i##ion, it (a# *onten"e", that i , /oo"(ill (ere to atta*h to a re/i#tere" "e#i/n +! virtue o it# *o,,er*ial eGploitation, then #u*h /oo"(ill, *oul" eGi#t onl! or a perio" o i teen 4<A5 !ear#, i%e%, the #tatutor! li e o the re/i#tere" "e#i/n% It (a# *onten"e" that, /oo"(ill *an have no in"epen"ent eGi#ten*e, an" there ore, (oul" /et #u+#u,e" in the #tatutor! li e o the "e#i/n% Relian*e in thi# re/ar" (a# pla*e" on the 3u"/,ent in the *a#e o LaG,i-ant $% Patel v#% Chetan+hai &hah M)NU2&C2:B=629::< : 49::95 6 &CC =A% It (a# thu# #u+,itte", that in or"er to ,aintain a pa##in/ o a*tion, (ithin the perio" o <A !ear#, the plainti (oul" have to e#ta+li#h that the "e#i/n ha" o+taine" "i#tin*tivene##% Relian*e (a# pla*e" on Mo/en Davi" Fine Corporation 6B9 F% 9" A6>% <<%7 )# re/ar"# the thir" i##ue, Mr% ;an#al #u+,itte" that a *o,+ine" a*tion *oul" +e ,aintaine" in vie( o the a*t that the pa##in/ o a*tion, (hi*h (a# +a#e" on a *o,,on la( ri/ht, inhere" in the /oo"(ill atta*he" to the "e#i/n, on the +a#i# that it (a# a #our*e in"i*ator% The a*tion or pa##in/ o i# oun"e" on the prin*iple that it i# initiate" to prevent "e*eption an" *on u#ion in the ,ar-et% Fherea# an a*tion ile" to prevent in rin/e,ent o a re/i#tere" "e#i/n, #ee-# prote*tion a/ain#t rau"ulent an" o+viou# i,itation +! a rival thir" part!% In thi# re/ar" re*our#e i# to +e ta-en to the provi#ion# o &e*tion 99 o the De#i/n# )*t% <9% M#% Prati+ha &in/h, (ho appeare" a# an ),i*u# Curiae in the ,atter, ,a"e the ollo(in/ #u+,i##ion#: In re#pe*t o the ir#t i##ue, #he #u+,itte" that a #uit or in rin/e,ent (oul" not lie a/ain#t a re/i#tere" proprietor% It (a# her #u+,i##ion that the ver! /rant o re/i#tration +! a Controller un"er &e*tion A rea" (ith &e*tion <:485 (a# pri,a a*ie, an a*tion, +a#e" on a

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Page 11 plea o novelt! (hi*h, a**or"in/ to the plainti , inhere" in the "e#i/n% It (a# her #u+,i##ion that re/i#tration o a "e#i/n re*o/niEe" novelt!% ;! (a! o illu#tration, a re eren*e (a# ,a"e to t(o re/i#tration# o+tainin/ in a #i,ilar or an i"enti*al pro"u*t, #a!, a pen, in re#pe*t o (hi*h, the novelt! in one re/i#tration ,a! relate to the pen *ap, (hile the novelt! in relation to the other re/i#tration, ,a! relate to the #t!lu#% In the#e *ir*u,#tan*e#, it (a# #u+,itte" that a #uit +! one re/i#trant (oul" not lie a/ain#t the other% Thi# #u+,i##ion (a# #upporte" +! pla*in/ relian*e on a 3u"/,ent o thi# Court in &%&% Pro"u*t# o In"ia v#% &tar Pla#t M)NU2DE2<<B829::< : 9::< PTC 76A 4Del5% <9%9 )# re/ar"# the #e*on" i##ue, M#% &in/h #ee,# to *onten" that the re,e"! o pa##in/ o +ein/ a "i#tin*t re,e"!, (oul" not +e availa+le #ave an" eG*ept (here the #hape or the /et up ha# a*quire" "i#tin*tivene## or a #e*on"ar! ,eanin/% Even in #u*h a #ituation, it i# the *ontention o M#% &in/h, (hat i# #ou/ht to +e prevente" i# the *on u#ion a# to the #our*e o the pro"u*t to (hi*h the "e#i/n i# applie", an" not to eGten" prote*tion to the *reative ele,ent, (hi*h i# the "e#i/n% That /enerall!, a pa##in/ o re,e"! i# not availa+le, a# i# #ou/ht to +e *onten"e"% Thi# ar/u,ent li-e other# pre*e"in/ her (a# +a#e" on the provi#ion# o &e*tion 9B495 o the Tra"e,ar-# )*t@ an equivalent o (hi*h, it i# #u+,itte", i# not provi"e" or, in the De#i/n# )*t% <9%6 In #o ar a# the thir" i##ue i# *on*erne", M#% &in/h ha# *onten"e" that, #in*e the t(o re,e"ie# are "i#tin*t an" in"epen"ent o ea*h other the #a,e *an +e *o,+ine" a# lon/ a# pa##in/ o i# *lai,e" or preventin/ *on u#ion a# to the ori/in or the #our*e o the pro"u*t to (hi*h the "e#i/n i# applie" an" not to prote*t the "e#i/n re/i#tration +! it#el % It i# #u+,itte" that the le/i#lature ha# "eli+eratel! provi"e" a li e #pan or a "e#i/n% EGa,ple i# /iven +! (a! o ri/ht# un"er the Cop!ri/ht )*t (here the ter, o prote*tion i# the li e ti,e o the *op!ri/ht hol"er plu# #iGt! 4=:5 !ear#% &i,ilarl!, un"er the Patent# )*t (here the ter, o prote*tion i# 9: !ear# ro, the "ate o appli*ation, an" la#tl!, un"er the De#i/n# )*t, (here the ter, o prote*tion i# ten 4<:5 !ear#, (hi*h i# eGten"a+le +! urther 4A5 ive !ear#, an" thu# in all, a total o i teen 4<A5 !ear# i# provi"e" a# the #tatutor! li e #pan% It i# onl! un"er the tra"e,ar- la( that the prote*tion i# initiall! /rante" or a perio" o ten 4<:5 !ear# (ith li,itle## rene(al#% In other (or"#, eG*ept or the tra"e ,ar- la(, (here prote*tion *an +e in perpetuit!, all other ri/ht#, have a #tatutor! li e #pan% <9%8 M#% &in/h #u+,itte" that pu+li* poli*! "e,an"e" that a re/i#tere" "e#i/n #houl" all in the pu+li* "o,ain on*e thi# #tatutor! perio" o prote*tion eGpire# #ave an" eG*ept in a #ituation (here a "e#i/n ha# a*quire" "i#tin*tivene## an" #e*on"ar! ,eanin/% It (a# her *ontention that, there ore, the t(o a*tion# *oul" +e *o,+ine" +ein/ ,utuall! "i#tin*t an" in"epen"ent o ea*h other% <6% Mr% &u"hir Chan"er )//ar(al, learne" #enior a"vo*ate an" Mr% Pravin )nan", )"vo*ate, lar/el! relie" upon the eGtra*t# ro, M*Carth!0# +oo- on Tra"e,ar-# an" Un air Co,petition to *onten" that a re,e"! +! (a! o pa##in/ o a*tion (a# availa+le even qua a re/i#tere" "e#i/n% &everal eGtra*t# ro, the learne" author#0 +oo- (ere rea" to (hi*h (e (oul" +e ,a-in/ a re eren*e in the latter part o our 3u"/,ent% GENER)L PREF)CE2I&&UE NO% I <8% ;e ore one pro*ee"# urther, it ,a! +e relevant to in"i*ate here #o,e (ell a**epte" prin*iple# (hi*h operate in the iel" o "e#i/n# la(% De#i/n a# i# /enerall! un"er#too" re er# to the eature# o #hape, *on i/uration, pattern or orna,ent (hen applie" to an arti*le% It i# or thi# rea#on that "e#i/n# #u*h a# the#e are "e#*ri+e" a# In"u#trial De#i/n#% It i# the#e "e#i/n# (hi*h are *overe" un"er the De#i/n# )*t% De#i/n# *an +e t(o "i,en#ional or three "i,en#ional% Fhile pattern or an orna,ent (oul" or"inaril! +e applie" to an arti*le@ #hape an" *on i/uration, +e*o,e the arti*le it#el % De#i/n# in that #en#e relate to the non? un*tional eature# o the arti*le% There ore, +! ne*e##ar! *orollar!, a "e#i/n (hi*h ha# un*tional attri+ute# *annot +e re/i#tere" un"er the De#i/n# )*t% Thi# i# the e##en*e o &e*tion 94"5 o the De#i/n# )*t% The prote*tion un"er the De#i/n# )*t i# /rante" onl! to tho#e "e#i/n# (hi*h have an ae#theti* value or other(i#e appeal to the e!e% There ,a! +e, ho(ever, *a#e# (here the "e#i/n (hile ul illin/ the te#t o +ein/ appealin/ to

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Page 12 the e!e, i# al#o, un*tional% C&ee 3u"/,ent in the *a#e o Co( 4P%;%5 ' Co! L"% $# Cannon Ru++er Manu a*turer# L"% 4<>A>5 RPC 68BD% In thi# *a#e the "ia/onal ri+# on a hot (ater +ottle (ere +oth appealin/ to the e!e a# (ell a# un*tional% The! (ere un*tional in a# ,u*h a# the! per,itte" the heat to +e ra"iate" (ithout #in/ein/ the u#er% The *onun"ru, o un*tionalit! (a# re#olve" +! ta-in/ note o the a*t that it (oul" ,a-e no i,pa*t on the arti*le# un*tionalit! i , the ri+# on the hot (ater +ottle (ere either horiEontal or verti*al or even "ia/onal or,ation#% <8%< Re/i#tration o a "e#i/n un"er the De#i/n# )*t *reate# a ,onopol! in avour o the re/i#trant% ) re/i#tration there ore, *an +e o+taine" onl! i it "oe# not all (ithin the a,+it o &e*tion 8 o the De#i/n# )*t% &e*tion 8 o the De#i/n# )*t "e#*ri+e# ne/ativel! a# to (hi*h "e#i/n# *annot +e re/i#tere"% To put it po#itivel! "e#i/n# (hi*h are ne( or ori/inal or (hi*h have not +een pre?pu+li#he", i%e%, "i#*lo#e" to the pu+li* either in In"ia or a+roa" in a tan/i+le or, or +! u#e or +! an! other (a! prior to the in#titution o an appli*ation or that purpo#e, or (herever appli*a+le the priorit! "ate qua #u*h an appli*ation or, i# #i/ni i*antl! "i#tin/ui#ha+le ro, -no(n "e#i/n# or *o,+ination o -no(n "e#i/n# an" "oe# not *ontain #*an"alou# or o+#*ene ,atter, #u*h a "e#i/n, *an +e re/i#tere"% <8%9 Thu# in e e*t, a ter re/i#tration, the re/i#trant ha# in it# po##e##ion a *op!ri/ht in an in"u#trial "e#i/n% ;! #tatutor! ait, #u*h in"u#trial "e#i/n#, (hi*h are re/i#tere" un"er the De#i/n# )*t, are eG*lu"e" ro, prote*tion o the Cop!ri/ht )*t 4#ee &e*tion <A4<5 o the Cop!ri/ht )*t5% There i#, ho(ever, a *aveat a""e" +! the le/i#lature to thi#, (hi*h i#, that a *op!ri/ht in an! "e#i/n (hi*h i# *apa+le o +ein/ re/i#tere" un"er the De#i/n# )*t, #hall have prote*tion un"er the Cop!ri/ht )*t, till #u*h ti,e it i# not repro"u*e" ,ore than A: ti,e# +! an in"u#trial pro*e## +! the o(ner o the *op!ri/ht or (ith hi# li*en#e +! an! other per#on% 4&ee &e*tion <A495 o the Cop!ri/ht )*t5% Thi# o *our#e (oul" +e #u+3e*t to the provi#ion# o &e*tion <6 o the Cop!ri/ht )*t, (hi*h enu,erate# the (or-# in (hi*h *op!ri/ht *an #u+#i#t% <A% There ore, a "e#i/n i# re/i#tera+le an" i# a,ena+le to the prote*tion o the De#i/n# )*t a# lon/ a# it #teer# *lear o the a#pe*t# re erre" to in &e*tion 8 an" i# a "e#i/n (hi*h ul il# the *riteria pre#*ri+e" un"er &e*tion 94+5 o the De#i/n# )*t% <A%< It i# thu# quite po##i+le or t(o re/i#trant# to #ee- to e#ta+li#h that their re#pe*tive "e#i/n# are ne( or ori/inal, are not pu+li#he" an!(here in In"ia or, are I#i/ni i*antl! "i#tin/ui#ha+leI ro, -no(n "e#i/n# or *o,+ination o -no(n "e#i/n# provi"e" o *our#e it "oe# not *ontain an! #*an"alou# or o+#*ene ,atter% There *oul", ho(ever, +e a "i eren*e o opinion inter #e the t(o re/i#trant# (ith re/ar" to ne(ne##, ori/inalit! or even *lai,e" #i/ni i*ant "i#tin*tion +et(een2a,on/#t "e#i/n#% &in*e re/i#tration o "e#i/n *reate# a ,onopol!, ea*h "e#i/n on re/i#tration (ill ne*e##aril! +e pre#u,e" to +e unique% Ho(ever, the re/i#tration, (oul" onl! re#ult in *reation o a re+utta+le pre#u,ption that it ul il# a"option o all pro*e"ural #a e/uar"# (hi*h are require" to +e ta-en an" that it i# #horn o all prohi+ition# a# *ontaine" in the De#i/n# )*t% <A%9 Havin/ re/ar" to a+ove, it (oul" +e u#e ul to appre*iate at thi# #ta/e the nature o an in rin/e,ent #uit un"er the De#i/n# )*t% In thi# *onteGt, a +roa" overvie( o the relevant provi#ion ,a! +e ne*e##ar!% <A%6 )# in"i*ate" a+ove, prohi+ition# qua re/i#tration o a "e#i/n i# *ontaine" in &e*tion 8 o the De#i/n# )*t% &e*tion A provi"e# or an appli*ation to +e ile" +! a proprietor o a "e#i/n (hi*h i# not prohi+ite" un"er &e*tion 8 o the )*t% The Controller o De#i/n# un"er &e*tion A o the De#i/n# )*t i# e,po(ere" to veri ! thi# a#pe*t +! havin/ the appli*ation or re/i#tration +ein/ re erre" to an eGa,iner% The Controller0# "e*i#ion (ith re/ar" to the re/i#tration o "e#i/n in re#pe*t o an! or all o the arti*le# pre#*ri+e" in a *la## o arti*le# i# inal un"er the provi#ion# o &e*tion = o the De#i/n# )*t% <A%8 Upon the *o,pletion o the a ore#ai" eGer*i#e, the Controller o De#i/n# i# entitle" to i##ue a *erti i*ate o re/i#tration to the proprietor o the "e#i/n un"er &e*tion > o the De#i/n# )*t an" therea ter in eGer*i#e o po(er un"er &e*tion <:, enter the na,e an"

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Page 13 a""re## o the proprietor o #u*h a "e#i/n alon/(ith an! noti i*ation o a##i/n,ent or tran#,i##ion, in the Re/i#ter o De#i/n#% <A%A Un"er &e*tion <>, an! per#on, (ho i# intere#te", i# *on erre" (ith the ri/ht to #ee*an*ellation o a re/i#tere" "e#i/n on the /roun"# /iven in *lau#e 4a5 to 4e5 o &u+? &e*tion 4<5 o &e*tion <>% <A%= &e*tion 99 prote*t# a re/i#trant a/ain#t pira*! o hi# "e#i/n% Clau#e 4a5 o &u+ &e*tion 4<5 o &e*tion 99 ,a-e it unla( ul or an! per#on to appl! or the purpo#e# o #ale or *au#e to +e applie" an! arti*le in a *la## o arti*le# in (hi*h the "e#i/n i# re/i#tere", that "e#i/n or an! rau"ulent or o+viou# i,itation o that "e#i/n eG*ept (ith the li*en#e or (ritten *on#ent o the re/i#tere" proprietor% Thi# prohi+ition eGten"# to an!thin/ that ,a! +e "one to ena+le the re/i#tere" "e#i/n to +e in rin/e" in the ,anner "e#*ri+e" a+ove% Clau#e 4+5 o &u+ &e*tion 4<5 o &e*tion 99 eGten"# the prohi+ition to even arti*le# i,porte" or #ale (ithout the *on#ent o a re/i#tere" proprietor (hi*h other(i#e i# an arti*le +elon/in/ to a *la## in (hi*h the "e#i/n i# re/i#tere"% &i,ilarl!, *lau#e 4*5 o &u+ &e*tion 4<5 o &e*tion 99 ,a-e# it unla( ul to pu+li#h or eGpo#e or *au#e to +e pu+li#he" or eGpo#e" or #ale that arti*le +! a per#on (ho ha# the -no(le"/e that the "e#i/n or an! rau"ulent or o+viou# i,itation ha# +een applie" to an! arti*le in an! *la## o arti*le# in (hi*h the "e#i/n i# re/i#tere" (ithout the *on#ent o the re/i#tere" proprietor% <A%B &u+ &e*tion 495 o &e*tion 99 provi"e# or penal *on#equen*e# in the or, o "a,a/e#% The #e*on" provi#o to &u+ &e*tion 495 o &e*tion 99 ,an"ate# that a #uit or in rin/e,ent *annot +e in#titute" in a *ourt +elo( the *ourt o a Di#tri*t 1u"/e% &u+ &e*tion 465 o &e*tion 99 ena+le# the "e en"ant in an in rin/e,ent #uit, (here an alle/ation o pira*! ha# +een ,a"e qua the "e en"ant to plea" in hi# "e en*e /roun"#, (hi*h are availa+le un"er &e*tion <> o the De#i/n# )*t, or *an*ellation o a re/i#tere" "e#i/n% <A%7 &u+ &e*tion 485 o &e*tion 99 require# that a #uit in (hi*h a "e en*e in ter,# o &e*tion <> o the De#i/n# )*t ha# +een plea"e", the #a,e #hall +e tran# erre" to the Hi/h Court or "e*i#ion% <A%> &u+ &e*tion 4A5 o &e*tion 99 provi"e# that, (hen a "e*ree i# pa##e" in a #uit un"er &u+ &e*tion 495, a *op! o the "e*ree (oul" +e #ent to the Controller (ho (ill *au#e ne*e##ar! entrie# to +e ,a"e in the Re/i#ter o De#i/n#% <=% ) *o,po#ite rea"in/ o the a ore#ai" provi#ion# (oul" #ho( that a plainti i# entitle" to approa*h the *ourt an" plea" that hi# re/i#tere" "e#i/n i# unique an" that the "e en"ant re/i#trant 4in a *a#e (here he ha# a re/i#tration in hi# avour a# a/ain#t one (ho applie# an unre/i#tere" "e#i/n to arti*le# in the *la## o arti*le# qua (hi*h re/i#tration ha# +een o+taine"5 ha# o+taine" re/i#tration (hi*h i# neither ne( nor #i/ni i*antl! "i#tin/ui#ha+le (hen *o,pare" to the plainti 0# re/i#tere" "e#i/n% The a##ertion in the #uit i# a ri/ht o ,onopol!% It i# quite po##i+le that the "e en"ant on the other han" apart ro, plea"in/ a# part o hi# "e en*e, tho#e ver! /roun"# (hi*h are availa+le un"er &e*tion <> to #ee- *an*ellation o the plainti 0# re/i#tration ,a! +e a+le to e#ta+li#h that hi# re/i#tere" "e#i/n i# ne( or ori/inal or even #i/ni i*antl! "i#tin/ui#ha+le ro, that o the plainti % <=%< There ore, the #u+,i##ion# ,a"e +! the learne" *oun#el# or the partie# that one re/i#tere" "e#i/n hol"er *annot #ue another re/i#tere" "e#i/n hol"er, in our vie(, ail# to appre*iate the nature o the #uit% The #uit or in rin/e,ent #ee-# to a##ert the ,onopol! ri/ht# o the plainti +a#e" on the uniquene##, ne(ne## an" the ori/inalit! o hi# "e#i/n qua the "e en"ant re/i#trant% The entr! +! the Controller o De#i/n# in the Re/i#ter o De#i/n#, in our vie(, i# onl! a pri,a a*ie evi"en*e o an! ,atter #o "ire*te" to +e "one +! the De#i/n# )*t or authori#e" to +e entere" in the Re/i#ter o De#i/n#% &ee &e*tion# <:485 an" 67 o the De#i/n# )*t% <B% ) +rie #!nopti* vie( /iven +! u# hereina+ove (ith re/ar" to the provi#ion# or a re/i#tration o a "e#i/n un"er the De#i/n# )*t (oul" #ho( that there i# no pro*e"ure pre#*ri+e" or prior pu+li*ation o an appli*ation ,a"e #ee-in/ re/i#tration o a "e#i/n, ollo(e" +! an! reque#t or entertainin/ an oppo#ition to #u*h an appli*ation or re/i#tration% The pro*e"ure un"er the De#i/n# )*t unli-e that (hi*h i#

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Page 14 *ontaine" un"er the Patent# )*t 4#ee Chapter I$ an" $ o the Patent# )*t5 an" the Tra"e Mar-# )*t 4#ee Chapter III5 "oe# not entail entertainin/ an oppo#ition to re/i#tration% There i#, thu#, a ,ar-e" "i eren*e in the lan/ua/e a# *ontaine" in &e*tion# <:485 an" 67 o the De#i/n# )*t a# *o,pare" to &e*tion 6< o the Tra"e Mar-# )*t, (hi*h #pea-# o pri,a a*ie evi"en*e o vali"it!, on*e a tra"e,ar- i# re/i#tere"% I&&UE NO% II <7% In or"er to an#(er the #e*on" i##ue, one (oul" have to +rie l! "elve into (hat *on#titute# a pa##in/ o a*tion% ) pa##in/ o a*tion #i,pl! put i# an a*tion ile" to vin"i*ate one0# *lai, that the "e en"ant +! e,plo!in/ ,i#repre#entation 4(hether intentional or not5 i# #ee-in/ to repre#ent to the pu+li* at lar/e that hi# /oo"# are tho#e o the *lai,ant an" #u*h a ,i#repre#entation ha# *au#e" or i# li-el! to *au#e #u+#tantial "a,a/e to the /oo"(ill2reputation (hi*h i# atta*he" to the plainti 0# /oo"#% There ore, in a pa##in/ o a*tion the plainti (oul" have to e#ta+li#h the ollo(in/ in/re"ient#:? 4i5% that there i# /oo"(ill or reputation atta*he" to the /oo"# or #ervi*e# (hi*h the plainti o er#, in the ,in" o the pur*ha#in/ pu+li*, i%e%, the *on#u,er#, (ho a##o*iate or are in a po#ition to i"enti ! #u*h /oo"# or #ervi*e# +! virtue o tra"e,ar- u#e", (hi*h *oul" in*lu"e the /et?up, tra"e?"re##, #i/n#, pa*-a/in/, la+el, et*% 4ii5% that the "e en"ant ha# e,plo!e" ,i#repre#entation (hi*h ha# ,a"e the *on#u,er# +elieve that the "e en"ant# /oo"# are tho#e o the plainti % It i# no "e en*e in an a*tion o pa##in/ o that the ,i#repre#entation (a# unintentional or la*-e" rau"ulent intent@ 4iii5% )n" la#tl!, that the "e en"ant0# a*tion ha# *au#e" "a,a/e or i# *al*ulate" to *au#e "a,a/e@ C#ee Re*-itt ' Col,an Pro"u*t# Li,ite" $#% ;or"en In*% ' Or#% 41i Le,on *a#e5, 4<>>:5 R%P%C% 68< an" Erven Farnin- ;%$% v#% 1% To(en" ' &on# 4Hull Lt"%5 4)"vo*ate *a#e5 4<>7:5 RPC Pa/e 6<D% <>% No(, re/ar" to the "e inition o a tra"e ,ar- in &e*tion 94<54E+5 o the Tra"e Mar-# )*t% I re/ar" i# ha" to the #a,e, it *annot +e #ai" that a "e#i/n, (hi*h in*lu"e# #hape o /oo"#, *an never +e u#e" a# a tra"e ,ar-% The relevant eGtra*t ro, the "e inition o tra"e ,ar- i# re erre" to hereina ter:? 4E+5 Itra"e ,ar-I ,ean# a ,ar- *apa+le o +ein/ repre#ente" /raphi*all! an" (hi*h i# *apa+le o "i#tin/ui#hin/ the /oo"# or #ervi*e# o one per#on ro, tho#e o other# an" ,a! in*lu"e #hape o /oo"#, their pa*-a/in/ an" *o,+ination o *olour#@ an"%

4e,pha#i# #upplie"5
<>%< That a "e#i/n in*lu"e# a #hape or a *on i/uration i# quite evi"ent upon peru#al o the "e inition o "e#i/n /iven in 94"5 o the De#i/n# )*t% The relevant part o the #ai" "e inition, or the #a-e o *onvenien*e, i# eGtra*te" hereina ter:? I"e#i/nI ,ean# onl! the eature# o #hape, *on i/uration, pattern, orna,ent or *o,po#ition o line# or *olour#, applie" to an! arti*le (hether in t(o "i,en#ional or three "i,en#ional or in +oth or,#, +! an! in"u#trial pro*e## or ,ean#, (hether ,anual, ,e*hani*al or *he,i*al, #eparate or *o,+ine", (hi*h in the ini#he" arti*le appeal to an" are 3u"/e" #olel! +! the e!e@ +ut "oe# not in*lu"e an! ,o"e or prin*iple o *on#tru*tion or an!thin/ (hi*h i# in #u+#tan*e a ,ere ,e*hani*al "evi*e an" "oe# not in*lu"e an! tra"e ,ar- a# "e ine" in *lau#e 4v5 o #u+?#e*tion 4<5 o #e*tion 9 o the Tra"e an" Mer*han"i#e Mar-# )*t, <>A7 486 o <>A75 or propert! ,ar- a# "e ine" in #e*tion 8B> o the In"ian Penal Co"e 48A o <7=:5 or an! arti#ti* (or- a# "e ine" in *lau#e 4*5 o &e*tion 9 o the Cop!ri/ht )*t, <>AB 4<8 o <>AB5

4e,pha#i# #upplie"5
<>%9% Fhat ollo(# there ore i#, that a "e#i/n *an +e u#e" a# a tra"e ,ar- an" i +! virtue o it# u#e, /oo"(ill i# /enerate" in the *our#e o tra"e or +u#ine##, it *an +e prote*te" +! an a*tion in the nature o pa##in/ o %

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Page 15 9:% The ar/u,ent a"van*e" a/ain#t ,aintaina+ilit! o a pa##in/ o a*tion i# oun"e" on the ollo(in/ point# o *ontention:? 4i5% that on*e a "e#i/n i# re/i#tere", it *annot +e re/i#tere" a# a tra"e ,ar-@ 4ii5% the ri/ht# qua a "e#i/n are not roote" in *o,,on la(% The ri/ht# qua a "e#i/n lo( ro, the #tatute, that i#, the De#i/n# )*t@ 4iii5% On the eGpiration o the ri/ht#, that i# a ter the *on*lu#ion o the #tatutor! perio" o prote*tion, (hi*h i# a ,aGi,u, o <A !ear#, the "e#i/n all# (ithin pu+li* "o,ain an", there ore, ou/ht to +e availa+le reel! to the pu+li* or u#e@ 4iv5% unli-e the Tra"e Mar-# )*t, (hi*h #ave# a pa##in/ o re,e"!, +! an eGpre## provi#ion in the or, o &e*tion 9B495 o the Tra"e Mar-# )*t@ there i# no #u*h provi#ion in the De#i/n# )*t, an" there ore, +! ne*e##ar! i,pli*ation, there i# le/i#lative intent re le*te", (hi*h i# that, a pa##in/ o re,e"! ou/ht not to +e ,a"e availa+le to a re/i#tere" "e#i/n% 9<% In our vie(, the a ore#ai" *ontention# are la(e" or the rea#on that (hile the Tra"e Mar-# )*t *on er# *ertain #tatutor! ri/ht# qua a re/i#tere" tra"e ,ar-, it "oe# not "eprive a u#er o an unre/i#tere" tra"e ,arthe ri/ht to prote*t the ,i#u#e o hi# ,ar- +! a "e en"ant (ho i# in po##e##ion o a re/i#tere" tra"e ,ar-% There ore, in #o ar a# a "e#i/n, (hi*h i# re/i#tere" un"er the De#i/n# )*t i# *on*erne", it ,a! not have the #tatutor! ri/ht#, (hi*h a re/i#tere" tra"e ,ar- ha#, un"er the Tra"e Mar-# )*t, it (oul" *ertainl! have the ri/ht to ta-e re,e"ial #tep# to *orre*t a (ron/ *o,,itte" +! a "e en"ant +! in#titutin/ a pa##in/ o a*tion% I #u*h an a*tion i# in#titute", the plainti (oul" have to "e,on#trate that the re/i#tere" "e#i/n (a# u#e" +! hi, a# a tra"e ,ar- (hi*h, in the ,in"# o the pur*ha#in/ pu+li* i# a##o*iate" (ith hi# /oo"# or #ervi*e# (hi*h, have a*quire" /oo"(ill2reputation (hi*h i# (orth prote*tin/% Kuite naturall!, re#ult o #u*h an a*tion, (oul" "epen" upon (hether or not the plainti i# #u**e## ul in provin/ the e##ential in/re"ient# involve" in a pa##in/ o a*tion, to (hi*h (e have alrea"! ,a"e a re eren*e hereina+ove% 9<%< There ore, the ar/u,ent that #in*e there i# no #avin/ *lau#e in the De#i/n# )*t a# oun" in &e*tion 9B495 o the Tra"e Mar-# )*t, an" *on#equentl! #u*h a re,e"! ou/ht not to +e ,a"e availa+le qua a re/i#tere" "e#i/n, (hi*h i# u#e" a# a tra"e ,ar-, i# in our vie(, *o,pletel! (ithout ,erit% )# i# o+viou#, #u*h a pa##in/ o a*tion (oul" +e +a#e" on a plea that: the "e#i/n, (hi*h i# an unre/i#tere" ,ar-, (a# +ein/ u#e" +! the plainti or the purpo#e# o +u#ine##@ an" that the plainti 0# /oo"# an"2or #ervi*e# ha" a*quire" a reputation an"2or /oo"(ill, (hi*h (ere i"enti ie" in the ,in"# o the *on#u,er#, +! a##o*iatin/ the "e#i/n2the ,ar-, (ith the /oo"# an"2or #ervi*e#% In other (or"#, the plea (oul" +e that the "e#i/n (hi*h (a# +ein/ u#e" a# a ,ar- i"enti ie" the plainti , a# the #our*e o the /oo"# #upplie" or #ervi*e# o ere"% 9<%9 The plainti , in our opinion, (oul" not have to loo- to the De#i/n# )*t, or in#titutin/ #u*h an a*tion% There ore, the ar/u,ent that the le/i#lature +! not in*orporatin/ a #i,ilar provi#ion, #u*h a# &e*tion 9B495 o the Tra"e Mar-# )*t, ha# +! ne*e##ar! i,pli*ation eG*lu"e" the availa+ilit! o #u*h li-e re,e"! to a plainti , (ho u#e# a re/i#tere" "e#i/n, a# hi# tra"e ,ar-, i# untena+le% Our vie( i# orti ie" +! the opinion eGpre##e" in that re/ar" +! the learne" author# o +oo?M*Carth!: %%%Dual prote*tion ro, +oth "e#i/n patent an" tra"e,ar- la( ,a! eGi#t (here it i# alle/e" that the *on i/uration or #hape o a *ontainer or arti*le #erve# to i"enti ! an" "i#tin/ui#h the #our*e o /oo"# ? that i#, a*t# a# a tra"e,ar- or tra"e "re##% &u*h a *ontainer or pro"u*t #hape ,a! al#o +e *apa+le o "e#i/n patent prote*tion% In #u*h *a#e#, the prote*tion a or"e" +! patent la( vi#?a?vi# tra"e,ar- la( i# quite "i erent% In the Mogen David Wine Bottle case 6B9 F% 9" A6> the eGi#ten*e o "e#i/n patent prote*tion or a *ontainer 4Mo/en Davi" Fine +ottle5 (a# hel" not to pre*lu"e the ri/ht to enter on the Prin*ipal Re/i#ter the +ottle #hape a# a tra"e,ar- or the (ine% 1u"/e &,ith

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Page 16 *o,pare" "e#i/n patent prote*tion to tra"e,ar- prote*tion or *ontainer #hape#: The purpo#e o the e"eral "e#i/n patent la(# i# to en*oura/e the *reation o orna,ental "e#i/n% The inventor re*eive#, or a li,ite" perio", a e"eral ri/ht to eG*lu"e other# ro, ,a-in/, u#in/, or #ellin/ the patente" "e#i/n throu/hout the Unite" &tate#% Upon eGpiration o the "e#i/n patent thi# e"eral ri/ht no lon/er eGi#t#% Thu# the inventor lo#e# thi# eG*lu#ive ri/ht or intere#t% Fe"eral tra"e,ar- la(#, in"epen"ent in ori/in ro, "e#i/n patent la(, have the "ual purpo#e o prote*tin/ +oth the tra"e,ar- o(ner an" the pu+li* ro, *on u#ion, ,i#ta-e an" "e*eption% 1u"/e &,ith *on*lu"e" that: Thu# all appellant a##ert# i# the ri/ht to re/i#ter the #hape o the *ontainer a# a tra"e,ar- or it# (ine# or the rea#on that it# #erve# to i"enti ! an" "i#tin/ui#h the, ro, tho#e o other#% In no #en#e i# there an! a##ertion o an intere#t in the *ontainer #hape per #e or all u#e#%%% I the pu+li* re*o/niEe# an" a**ept# appellant0# *ontainer #hape in a tra"e,ar- #en#e, appellant #ee-# onl! e"eral re*o/nition o that pu+li* intere#t% It i# the pu+li* that i# prote*te"%%% I *on*lu"e ro, the#e *on#i"eration# that the e"eral patent la(# an" tra"e,ar- la(# are not in *on li*t% )ppellant i# thu# not +arre" ro, #ee-in/ e"eral prote*tion or (hat the pu+li* re*o/niEe# a# a tra"e,ar-% The *ourt *on*lu"e" that Mogen David wine Co% ha" not #u#taine" it# evi"entiar! +ur"en o provin/ that the +ottle #hape ha" a*quire" #e*on"ar! ,eanin/ #o a# to un*tion a# a tra"e,ar- i"enti !in/ Mo/en Davi" (ine# an" "i#tin/ui#hin/ the, ro, (ine# o *o,petitor#% The +ottle (a# hel" not to *reate a *o,,er*ial i,pre##ion #eparate an" apart ro, the (or" ,ar-# appearin/ on the la+el on the +ottle% Ho(ever, the#e #tate,ent# o the Court o Cu#to,# an" Patent )ppeal# ,u#t +e *o,pare" (ith the "i*tu, o the Unite" &tate# &upre,e Court in Kellogg Co. V. National Biscuit Co% (here 1u#ti*e ;ran"ei# appeare" to #a! that the pillo(?#hape" #hre""e" (heat +i#*uit ell into the pu+li* "o,ain upon eGpiration o a "e#i/n patent *overin/ the +i#*uit #hape an" o un*tional patent# *overin/ pro"u*tion ,a*hiner!% ) ter hol"in/ that I#hre""e" (heatI (a# a /eneri* ter,, not a tra"e,ar-, 1u#ti*e ;ran"ei# #ai" o plainti 0# *lai, to eG*lu#ive ri/ht in the #hape o the +i#*uit: The plainti ha# not the eG*lu#ive ri/ht to #ell #hre""e" (heat in the or, o a pillo(? #hape" +i#*uit ? the or, in (hi*h the arti*le +e*a,e -no(n to the pu+li*% That i# the or, in (hi*h #hre""e" (hat (a# ,a"e un"er the +a#i* patent% The patente" ,a*hine# u#e" (ere "e#i/ne" to pro"u*e onl! the pillo(? #hape" +i#*uit#% )n" a "e#i/n patent (a# ta-en out to *over the pillo(?#hape" or,% Hen*e, upon eGpiration o the patent#, the or,, a# (ell a# the na,e, (a# "e"i*ate" to the pu+li*% .ello// Co,pan! (a# ree to u#e the pillo(?#hape" or,, #u+3e*t onl! to the o+li/ation to i"enti ! it# pro"u*t le#t it +e ,i#ta-en or that o the plainti % It *oul" +e ar/ue" that the &hre""e" Fheat *a#e #a!# that the eGi#ten*e o "e#i/n patent prote*tion or a #hape pre*lu"e# tra"e,ar#i/ni i*an*e or the #a,e #hape% EGa*tl! the oppo#ite (a# hel" in Mo/en Davi"% Ho(ever, Mogen David an" the Shredded Wheat cases *an +e re*on*ile" on a nu,+er o point#% The #hre""e" (heat +i#*uit "e#i/n patent (a# hel" invali" +e ore it eGpire", an" the &upre,e Court #ai" that the +i#*uit #hape (a# un*tional, an" hen*e not *apa+le o either tra"e,ar- or "e#i/n patent prote*tion: The evi"en*e i# per#ua#ive that thi# or, i# un*tional ? that the *o#t o the +i#*uit (oul" +e in*rea#e" an" it# hi/h qualit! le##ene" i #o,e other or, (ere #u+#titute" or the pillo( #hape% )# a pri,aril! un*tional #hape, the +i#*uit *oul" po##e## no tra"e,ar- #i/ni i*an*e or "i#tin*tivene## at all% The C%C%P%)% ha# in a*t "i#tin/ui#he" the &hre""e" Fheat "i*ta on the /roun"# "i#*u##e" a+ove% In <>>6, the &eventh Cir*uit, a/reein/ (ith the anal!#i# in Mo/en Davi" an" #i,ilar *a#e#, note" that Ithe C%C%P%)%, the Fe"eral Cir*uit an" the T%T%)%;% have #in*e interprete" 8A to allo(# tra"e,ar- prote*tion or quali !in/ pro"u*t *on i/uration#% ) *on#titutional *hallen/e to #u*h re/i#tration#

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Page 17 (a# re3e*te" +! the *ourt% The ar/u,ent that (a# re3e*te" (a# that the Con#titutional Patent Clau#e require# that prote*tion +e or a Ili,ite" ti,e,I tra"e,ar- prote*tion or a pro"u*t #hape i# the equivalent o a perpetual "e#i/n patent, an" there ore #u*h tra"e,arprote*tion i# un*on#titutional% The *ourt hel" that tra"e,ar- prote*tion i# not the equivalent o a perpetual patent +e*au#e the nature an" #*ope o tra"e,ar- prote*tion i# #i/ni i*antl! "i erent ro, that o a "e#i/n patent: Fe"eral tra"e,ar- prote*tion "oe# not tran# or, the "urationall! li,ite" ,onopol! o a "e#i/n patent into a perpetual ri/ht%%% CThe re/i#trantD #i,pl! ha# the ri/ht to pre*lu"e other ro, *op!in/ it# tra"e,ar-e" pro"u*t or the purpo#e o *on u#in/ the pu+li* a# to it# #our*e% C) *o,petitorD i# ree to *op! Cthe re/i#trant0#D "e#i/n #o lon/ a# it in#ure# that the pu+li* i# not there+! "e*eive" or *on u#e" into +elievin/ that it# *op! i# a Cre/i#trant0#D au*et% In a*t, a "e#i/n patent, rather than "etra*tin/ ro, a *lai, o tra"e,ar-, ,a! #upport #u*h a *lai,% &in*e a "e#i/n patent i# /rante" onl! or non? un*tional "e#i/n#, it ,a! +e pre#u,ptive evi"en*e o non? un*tionalit! an" thu# #upport the tra"e,ar*lai,ant% Ho(ever, (hile a "e#i/n patent i# #o,e evi"en*e o non? un*tionalit!, it i# not #u i*ient (ithout #o,e other evi"en*e% The a*t that an in rin/er o tra"e "re## o(n# a "e#i/n patent on thi# pro"u*t "e#i/n i# no "e en#e to the tra"e "re## *har/e% ) patent i# a /rant o a ri/ht to eG*lu"e, not o a ri/ht to u#e% IThu#, i a patente" pro"u*t operate# to "e*eive or *on u#e *on#u,er# a# to it# #our*e or #pon#or#hip, there i# no rea#on (h! the patent hol"er *annot +e en3oine" ro, #u*h "e*eption or *on u#ion% The potential *on li*t +et(een patent an" tra"e "re## la( i# hei/htene" (hen e"eral anti?"ilution la( i# invo-e" to *reate eG*lu#ive ri/ht# in a pro"u*t "e#i/n% Fhile the li-elihoo" o *on u#ion te#t operate# to "i#tin/ui#h the #*ope o patent ro, tra"e "re## in rin/e,ent, anti?"ilution in rin/e,ent ha# no #u*h require,ent o li-el! *on u#ion an" ,ore *lo#el! re#e,+le# "e#i/n patent la(%

4e,pha#i# #upplie"5
9<%6 The ar/u,ent pertainin/ to pu+li* intere#t i# equall! la(e"% )n! tra"e,ar(oul" or"inaril! #erve t(o "i#tin*t purpo#e#% Fir#t, it prote*t# the o(ner o tra"e,ar- an" thu# a"van*e# hi# +u#ine## intere#t% &e*on", an" ,ore i,portantl!, it #erve# pu+li* intere#t in preventin/ *on u#ion a# to the #our*e an" the ori/in o /oo"# an" #ervi*e# on o er% 9<%8 There ore, on*e the #tatutor! perio" o re/i#tration ha# eGpire" 4the ,aGi,u, +ein/ <A !ear#5 qua a parti*ular "e#i/n, it (ill all in pu+li* "o,ain% The u#er *an then u#e the "e#i/n a# lon/ a# the u#er en#ure# that there i# no *on u#ion *au#e" a# to the #our*e an" ori/in o the /oo"# an" #ervi*e# o ere"% 9<%A )# (oul" +e evi"ent ro, the "e inition o "e#i/n /iven in &e*tion 94"5 o the De#i/n# )*t, it eG*lu"e# ro, it# #*ope an! tra"e,arallin/ (ithin &e*tion 94<54v5 o the <>A7 )*t, a propert! ,ar- a# "e ine" in &e*tion 8B> o the In"ian Penal Co"e, <7:= 4in #hort the IPC5, or an! arti#ti* (or- a# "e ine" in &e*tion 94*5 o the Cop!ri/ht )*t% On the other han", the "e inition o tra"e,ar- "oe# not #pe*i i*all! eG*lu"e a "e#i/n% )# a ,atter o a*t, &e*tion 94E+5 o the Tra"e Mar-# )*t, i%e%, the <>>> )*t, in*lu"e# 0&hape o Goo"#I in *ontra"i#tin*tion to the <>A7 )*t% There ore, (hat i# re/i#tere" a# "e#i/n ,a! not or"inaril! +e re/i#tere" a# a tra"e,arun"er the Tra"e,ar-# )*t% 9<%= Thi# lo/i* applie# +a#e" on the prin*iple that tra"e,ar- i# #o,ethin/ (hi*h i# eGtra, (hi*h i# a""e" on to the /oo"# to "enote ori/in, (hile a "e#i/n or,# part o the /oo"#% 9<%B Thi# rationale thou/h ,a! not hol" in *ertain #ituation# on a**ount o overlap% ) *a#e in point i# the 3u"/,ent o the Hou#e o Lor"# in &,ith .line ' Fren*h La+oratorie# Lt"% v#% &terlin/?Finthrop Group Lt"% 4<>BA5 < F%L%R% ><8% ;rie l!, the appellant +e ore the Hou#e o Lor"# (a# *lai,in/ re/i#tration o a *olour ,ar-% The appellant (a# a ,anu a*turer o a phar,a*euti*al pellet# ? one hal o (hi*h +ore "i erent *olour# 4the *olour (a# unique to ea*h pellet5, (hile other hal (a# tran#parent% The Hou#e o Lor"#

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Page 1 (hile allo(in/ the appeal ,a"e the ollo(in/ *ru*ial o+#ervation#: %%%In #tatin/ (hat he *on*eive" to +e the "i eren*e +et(een a re/i#tra+le "e#i/n an" a re/i#tra+le tra"e ,ar-, &ar/ant L%1% #ai", at p% ==7: ) "e#i/n or, part o the /oo"# the,#elve#% ) tra"e ,ar- i# #o,ethin/ (hi*h i# eGtra, (hi*h i# a""e" to the /oo"# or the purpo#e o "enotin/ the ori/in o the /oo"#, an", #pea-in/ /enerall! o tra"e ,ar- an" "e#i/n, the #a,e thin/ i# not a tra"e ,ar- an" a "e#i/n% It i# *on*e"e" that i thi# i# to +e un"er#too" a# ,eanin/ that (hat i# *apa+le o +ein/ re/i#tere" a# a "e#i/n i# ip#o a*to in*apa+le o +ein/ re/i#tere" a# a tra"e ,ar-, it "oe# not *orre*tl! #tate the la(% I thi# latter part o the "i*tu, i# o,itte", the pre*e"in/ (or"# (oul" not rule out the tra"e ,ar-# *lai,e" +! &.F in the in#tant *a#e% The IeGtraI a""e" to the /oo"# i# the *olour applie" to one hal o the *ap#ule an" the variou# *olour# applie" to the in"ivi"ual pellet# (ithin the *ap#ule#% In the in#tant *a#e the /roun" upon (hi*h all three ,e,+er# o the Court o )ppeal overrule" Graha, 1% )n" re3e*te" &.F0# appli*ation# (a# that the "e#*ription o the ,ar- (a# ,erel! a "e#*ription o the (hole eGternal appearan*e o the /oo"# in re#pe*t o (hi*h it (a# inten"e" to +e re/i#tere", viE% the *ap#ule# an" their pellet#% Thi# i# another (a! o #a!in/ that i the ,ar- (hen applie" to the /oo"# (ill *over the (hole vi#i+le #ur a*e o the /oo"# it *annot +e re/i#tere" a# a tra"e ,ar-% For ,! part, a# I have #ai", I *annot #ee an! +u#ine## rea#on (h! thi# #houl" +e #o, an" I *an in" nothin/ in the )*t or in the authoritie# to 3u#ti ! #u*h a *on*lu#ion% Upon thi#, (hi*h i# the ,ain point in the appeal, I (oul" uphol" the 3u"/,ent o Graha, 1 9<%7 There ore, havin/ re/ar" to the "e inition o a "e#i/n un"er &e*tion 94"5 o the De#i/n# )*t, it ,a! not +e po##i+le to re/i#ter #i,ultaneou#l! the #a,e ,ater a# a "e#i/n an" a tra"e ,ar-% Ho(ever, po#t re/i#tration un"er &e*tion << o the De#i/n# )*t, there *an +e no li,itation on it# u#e a# a tra"e,ar- +! the re/i#trant o the "e#i/n% The rea#on +ein/: the u#e o a re/i#tere" "e#i/n a# a tra"e ,ar-, i# not provi"e" a# a /roun" or it# *an*ellation un"er &e*tion <> o the De#i/n# )*t% I&&UE NO% III 99% Thi# +rin/# u# to the thir" i##ue, (hether a *o,po#ite #uit or in rin/e,ent o a re/i#tere" "e#i/n *an +e ile" alon/(ith an a*tion or pa##in/ o % In our vie(, #in*e the *au#e o a*tion or +rin/in/ the t(o #uit# i# "i erent, #eparate #uit# (oul" have to +e ile"@ thou/h i ile" at the #a,e ti,e or in *lo#e proGi,it! the! ,a! +e trie" to/ether a# there ,a! +e #o,e a#pe*t# (hi*h ,a! +e *o,,on% 99%< The prin*iple that ever! #uit ile" +! a plainti #houl" in*lu"e the (hole *lai, (hi*h a plainti i# entitle" to ,a-e applie# (hen the *au#e o a*tion i# #a,e% The plainti i# entitle", in la(, to relinqui#h a portion o hi# *lai, to +rin/ hi# #uit (ithin the 3uri#"i*tion o the *ourt +e ore (ho, the #uit i# ile"% I the plainti *hoo#e# to #ue in re#pe*t o a portion o the *lai,, or intentionall! relinqui#he# a portion o the *lai,, he i# not entitle" in la( to #ue therea ter in re#pe*t o that portion o the *lai, (hi*h he ha# *ho#en to o,it or relinqui#h% &i,ilarl!, i a per#on i# entitle" to *u,ulative relie # or #everal relie # in re#pe*t o a *au#e o a*tion, he i# entitle" to #ue or all or #o,e o the,% I , ho(ever, the plainti o,it# #o,e relie # (ithout leave o the *ourt, he (oul" not +e entitle" to in#titute a #e*on" #uit or the relie # #o o,itte"% The#e are +roa"l! the para,eter# (hi*h are pre#*ri+e" in Or"er 9 Rule 9 #u+?rule 495 an" 465 o the Co"e% 99%9 The un"erl!in/ prin*iple (oul" thu# +e that a plainti #houl" eGhau#t all relie # in re#pe*t o a *au#e o a*tion eG*ept (here leave o *ourt i# o+taine" an" not that "i erent *au#e# +e *o,+ine" in one #uit even i the! ari#e ro, the #a,e tran#a*tion% C#ee Pa!anna Reena &a,inathan v#% Pana Lana Palaniappa M)NU2TN2:::72<><7 : 4<><6?<85 8< In"% )pp% <89%% )l#o #ee ),ar#in/h Ga33an#in/h ' or#% v#% Tul#ira, Ra,"a!al ' )nr% M)NU2N)2::6>2<>8B : )IR <>8> Na/% <>AD 96% The poli*! o la( i# to prevent ,ultipli*it! o #uit# an" to prote*t a per#on ro, +ein/ veGe" t(i*e qua the #a,e *au#e% There ore, i the *au#e# o a*tion are "i erent, then the! *annot +e *o,+ine" in one #uit%

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Page 1! 96%< In our vie(, in a #uit ile" +! a plainti to prote*t hi# #tatutor! ri/ht#, lo(in/ ro, re/i#tration o+taine" un"er the De#i/n# )*t (oul" "e*i"e"l! +a#e" on ele,ent# (hi*h are oun" in &e*tion 94"5 an" << rea" (ith the eG*lu#ion# provi"e" in &e*tion 8 o the De#i/n# )*t% Or"inaril!, the plainti (oul" aver that he ha" #e*ure" or hi,#el a "e#i/n a# "e ine" in &e*tion 94"5 in re#pe*t o (hi*h a *erti i*ate o re/i#tration ha# +een i##ue", the re/i#tration i# vali" in ter,# o the provi#ion# o &e*tion <<, the plainti i# the inventor 4or in a /iven *a#e a la( ul a##i/nee5 o the "e#i/n (hi*h i# ne( or novel or #i/ni i*antl! "i#tin/ui#ha+le ro, an! -no(n "e#i/n# or an! *o,+ination o -no(n "e#i/n#, an" that, the "e en"ant i# appl!in/ the plainti 0# re/i#tere" "e#i/n or it# rau"ulent or o+viou# i,itation (ithout hi# *on#ent or li*en#e% The #uit i# +rou/ht to in3un*t pira*! o the re/i#tere" "e#i/n +! the "e en"ant in ter,# o &e*tion 99 o the De#i/n# )*t% 96%9 )# a/ain#t thi# the +roa" plea"in/ in a pa##in/ o a*tion (oul" +e that the plainti i# u#in/ it# "e#i/n a# a tra"e,ar-% The plainti #ell# hi# /oo"# or o er# hi# #ervi*e# a# the *a#e ,a! +e un"er the #ai" tra"e,ar-% The /oo"# an" #ervi*e# have a*quire" a /oo"(ill an" reputation% In the ,in"# o the pur*ha#in/ pu+li*, the tra"e,ar- i# a##o*iate" (ith the plainti % The "e en"ant #ee-# to repre#ent 4+! u#in/ the ,ar- o the plainti or a ,ar(hi*h i# "e*eptivel! #i,ilar to the plainti 0# ,ar-5 al#el! that the /oo"# #ol" or #ervi*e# o ere" +! the "e en"ant are tho#e o the plainti % Thi# ,i#repre#entation ha# *au#e" in3ur! or i# *al*ulate" to *au#e in3ur! to the plainti % ) *au#e o a*tion #i,pl! put ,ean# ever! a*t (hi*h the plainti (ill have to prove i traver#e", in or"er to o+tain a 3u"/,ent in hi# avour% 4#ee Rea" v% ;ro(n, 4<7775 99 K%;%D% <97% 96%6 Thu#, the *au#e o a*tion in the in rin/e,ent #uit un"er the De#i/n# )*t *oul" +e "i erent ro, that (hi*h o+taine" in a pa##in/ o a*tion% The un"a,ental e"i i*e o a #uit or in rin/e,ent un"er the De#i/n# )*t (oul" +e the *lai, o ,onopol! +a#e" on it# re/i#tration, (hi*h i# pre,i#e" on uniquene##, ne(ne## an" ori/inalit! o the "e#i/n% Fherea#, the a*tion or pa##in/ o i# oun"e" on the u#e o the ,ar- in the tra"e or #ale o /oo"# an"2or or o erin/ #ervi*e@ the /eneration o reputation an" /oo"(ill a# a *on#equen*e# o the #a,e@ the a##o*iation o the ,ar- to the /oo"# #ol" or #ervi*e# o ere" +! the plainti an" the ,i#repre#entation #ou/ht to +e *reate" +! the "e en"ant +! u#e o the plainti 0# ,ar- or a ,ar- (hi*h i# "e*eptivel! #i,ilar, #o a# to portra! that the /oo"# #ol" or the #ervi*e# o ere" +! hi, ori/inate or have their #our*e in the plainti % It i# trite to #a! that "i erent *au#e# o a*tion *annot +e *o,+ine" in one #uit C&ee Da+ur In"ia Li,ite" v#% .%R% In"u#trie# M)NU2&C2998829::7 : 49::75 <: &CC A>A L pa/e =:B para/raph 68D% 98% Havin/ re/ar" to the nature o the t(o a*tion#, in our opinion, the t(o a*tion# *annot +e *o,+ine"% Thou/h a# in"i*ate", at the +e/innin/ o "i#*u##ion o thi# i##ue i the t(o a*tion# are in#titute" in *lo#e proGi,it! o ea*h other the *ourt *oul" or the #a-e o *onvenien*e tr! the, to/ether, thou/h a# #eparate *au#e#, provi"e" it ha# 3uri#"i*tion in the ,atter% 9A% ;e ore (e *on*lu"e our "i#*u##ion#, (e (oul" li-e to re er to #o,e o the *a#e# (hi*h have +een a"verte" to in the or"er o re eren*e (hi*h repre#ent the "i*hoto,! in the vie( eGpre##e" +! "i erent ;en*he# o thi# Court% It i# the#e "i eren*e#, (hi*h le" to the in#tant re eren*e +ein/ ,a"e% 9A%< The ir#t *a#e to (hi*h re eren*e ha# +een ,a"e i#: To+u Enterpri#e#% Thi# (a# a *a#e (here the plainti +ein/ a ,anu a*turer o I,ini +i-e tri*!*leI, o+taine" re/i#tration qua the "e#i/n o it# pro"u*t, on <=%:7%<>B=% De en"ant no% < in that *a#e, al#o o+taine" re/i#tration or "e#i/n or it# pro"u*t, (hi*h (a# al#o, a tri*!*le@ thou/h on a later "ate, i%e%, :=%<:%>79% ) learne" &in/le 1u"/e o thi# *ourt re u#e" to /rant in3un*tion on the /roun" that the plainti ha" not approa*he" the *ourt (ith I*lean han"#I in a# ,u*h a#, it ha" atte,pte" to o+tain an in3un*tion +a#e" on it# late#t ,o"el o tri*!*le, (herea# it ha" in a*t o+taine" re/i#tration o a "i erent "e#i/n o the #ai" tri*!*le% The other /roun" on (hi*h the in3un*tion (a# re u#e", (a# that, the "e#i/n o the plainti (a# "i#tin*tl! "i erent ro, that in re#pe*t o (hi*h the "e en"ant ha" o+taine" re/i#tration% The learne" 1u"/e (a# o the vie( that not onl! the /eneral appearan*e (a# "i erent +ut the

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Page 2" a+#en*e o the ront?(heel ,u"/uar" in the "e#i/n o the plainti ,a"e all the "i eren*e% 9A%9 Fhile the#e rea#on# (ere /iven in the latter part o the 3u"/,ent, the learne" &in/le 1u"/e in the earlier part o the 3u"/,ent "i#*u##e" hi# vie( on *ertain a#pe*t# o la(, +a#e" on the a**eptan*e o the alle/ation ,a"e +! the plainti that the "e en"ant0# "e#i/n (a# i"enti*al to that o the plainti % The learne" &in/le 1u"/e (a# *on#i"erin/ the provi#ion# o the ol" De#i/n# )*t o <><< 4in #hort the Ol" )*t5% It ,u#t +e #tate" that #u+#tantiall! the provi#ion# in re#pe*t o (hi*h the learne" 1u"/e eGpre##e" hi# opinion, are pari ,ateria (ith the *orre#pon"in/ provi#ion o+tainin/ in the De#i/n# )*t, i%e%, the )*t o 9:::% The learne" &in/le 1u"/e, (hile interpretin/ ol" &e*tion A6 4no( &e*tion 995 *a,e to the *on*lu#ion that #in*e +oth the plainti an" "e en"ant no% < (ere proprietor# o re/i#tere" "e#i/n#, it (oul" +e Ia+#ur"I to i##ue in3un*tion in avour o one o the partie# to the #uit +! re#trainin/ the other ro, u#in/ the re/i#tere" "e#i/n% The learne" &in/le 1u"/e (ent on to o+#erve that: IThe net re#ult, there ore, i# that (hen the "e#i/n o +oth the partie# i# re/i#tere", no a*tion in the nature o i##ue o in3un*tion or re*over! o "a,a/e# i# per,i##i+leI% The vie( ta-en (a#: the re,e"! availa+le to an a//rieve" part! in #u*h a *a#e (oul" +e to ,ove or *an*ellation o re/i#tration un"er &e*tion A< o the ol" )*t 4no( &e*tion A95% The learne" 1u"/e, (hile re*o/niEin/ the a*t that &e*tion 8B o the ol" )*t 4no( &e*tion <<5 *reate" a #u+#tantive ri/ht in avour o the per#on (ho#e "e#i/n (a# re/i#tere", the #ai" provi#ion, a**or"in/ to the learne" 1u"/e, "i" not #tate that a re/i#tration (hi*h i# o+taine" earlier in point o ti,e (ill prevail over the later re/i#tration% The learne" 1u"/e thu# opine": Ithat re/i#tration o a "e#i/n *an, there ore, prevail an" i# to +e prote*te" a/ain#t in rin/e,ent onl! (hen the oppo#ite part! "oe# not po##e## an! re/i#tration% The o+viou# re#ult i# that i ea*h o the partie# i# havin/ re/i#tration o "e#i/n, ea*h o the, *an u#e that "e#i/n or it# pro"u*t#%I 4&ee para/raph# =, B ' > to << at pa/e# 6=< to 6=A5 9A%6 On the a#pe*t o the availa+ilit! o the re,e"! o pa##in/ o , the learne" 1u"/e opine" that pa##in/ o (a# a *o,,on la( ri/ht an" that ri/ht (a# #u+3e*t to the provi#ion# o a parti*ular #tatute% &in*e &e*tion A6 o the ol" )*t provi"e" or a re,e"! +! (a! o an in3un*tion an" *lai, o "a,a/e# an" ren"ition o a**ount#, pa##in/ o re,e"! #too" eG*lu"e"% Learne" 1u"/e in *o,in/ to thi# *on*lu#ion oun" #upport ro, the provi#ion# o &e*tion A6 o the ol" )*t (hi*h pla*e" a *ap on the ,aGi,u, "a,a/e# (hi*h *oul" +e *lai,e" +! a plainti % Thi#, a**or"in/ to hi,, (a# in *ontra"i*tion to (hat the /eneral la( or *o,,on la( provi"e"% 4#ee para/raph <9 pa/e# 6=A an" 6==5% 9A%8 Thi# vie( oun" avour (ith another &in/le 1u"/e o thi# *ourt in the *a#e o In"o )#ahi Gla## Co% Lt"% v#% 1ai Mata Rolle" Gla## Lt"% ' )nr% <>>= 4<=5 PTC 99: 4Del5% Thou/h in thi# *a#e the learne" &in/le 1u"/e "e*line" to /rant an in3un*tion +a#e" on the prin*iple #et orth in To+u Enterpri#e# *a#e ? (hat i# not "i#*erna+le *learl! ro, the a*t# #tate" in the 3u"/,ent, a# to (hether the "e en"ant al#o ha" a re/i#tration in it# avour% The plainti in thi# *a#e (a# in the +u#ine## o ,anu a*turin/ an" #ellin/, inter alia, #heet /la##% In re#pe*t o the #a,e, the plainti ha" o+taine" re/i#tration un"er the De#i/n# )*t% The "e en"ant appear# to have plea"e" that the "e#i/n applie" on it# pro"u*t (a# #upplie" +! a Fe#t Ger,an ir,% )# in"i*ate" a+ove, the narration o a*t# "o not in"i*ate a# to (hether the Ger,an ir, ha" o+taine" a re/i#tration in it# avour% &in*e the 3u"/,ent in the *a#e o To+u Enterpri#e# ha# +een applie", one (oul" have to pre#u,e that there (a# re/i#tration +oth in avour o plainti an" the "e en"ant% Fe ,u#t *on e## that thi# 3u"/,ent "oe# not in"epen"entl! "i#*u## the intri*a*! o the De#i/n# )*t, a a*t (hi*h ha# +een noti*e" in a #u+#equent 3u"/,ent o thi# Court% The re eren*e to To+u Enterpri#e# i# oun" in para/raph# 98 an" 9A o the 3u"/,ent% 9A%A The vie( ta-en in To+u Enterpri#e# (a# al#o ollo(e" in &%&% Pro"u*t# o In"ia v#% &tar Pla#ti*# M)NU2DE2<<B829::< : 9::< PTC 76A 4Del5% It appear# that the learne" &in/le 1u"/e (a# not re erre" to the vie(# eGpre##e" in a latter 3u"/,ent, that i#, 1o/in"er Metal For-# *a#e an" )lert In"ia v#% Naveen Pla#ti*# <>>B PTC 4<B5 4Del5%

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Page 21 9A%= In the line o 3u"/,ent# (hi*h have ta-en the vie( eGpre##e" in To+u Enterpri#e# i# a 3u"/,ent o the Ma"ra# Hi/h Court in the *a#e o Ea/le Fla#- In"u#trie# Pvt% lt"% v#% ;on 1our International ' )nr% M)NU2TN287AB29:<< : 9:<< 4875 PTC 69B 4Ma"5% Thi# i# a #hort 3u"/,ent (here the learne" &in/le 1u"/e "e*line" to /rant in3un*tion to the plainti #in*e one o the partner# o the "e en"ant ir, *lai,e" it al#o ha" a re/i#tere" "e#i/n in it# avour% The pro"u*t in i##ue (a# a va*uu, la#-% The learne" 1u"/e note" that +oth partie# ha" applie" or *an*ellation o ea*h other# re/i#tere" "e#i/n, (ith the Controller o De#i/n#, an" there ore, in tho#e *ir*u,#tan*e# he (a# o the vie( that the! *oul" not prevent ea*h other ro, appl!in/ their re#pe*tive re/i#tere" "e#i/n to the pro"u*t# ,anu a*ture" +! the,% The learne" &in/le 1u"/e appear# to have applie" the prin*iple# en*ap#ulate" in &e*tion 6:4954e5 o the Tra"e,ar-# )*t% 9=% Fith re#pe*t to, in our vie(, the 3u"/,ent in To+u Enterpri#e# aile" to appre*iate that the re/i#tration o a "e#i/n i# pri,a a*ie evi"en*e o the a*t that the "e#i/n i# unique, novel or ori/inal or that it i# #i/ni i*antl! "i#tin/ui#ha+le ro, an! -no(n "e#i/n or *o,+ination# o "e#i/n#% Thu#, the re/i#tration in that #en#e *reate# a ,onopol! in avour o the re/i#trant or the perio" pre#*ri+e" un"er &e*tion << o the De#i/n# )*t% The re/i#trant thu# ha#, in our opinion, the ri/ht to a##ert thi# ,onopol! a/ain#t all an" #un"r!, in*lu"in/ a #u+#equent re/i#trant% There are no (or"# o li,itation in &e*tion 8, << an" 99 (hi*h (oul" eG*lu"e in#titution o an a*tion a/ain#t the #u+#equent re/i#trant% The "e*i#ion in the #uit (oul" leave ulti,atel! onl! one part! un#*athe"% There ore, in our opinion, the rationale #upplie" in To+u Enterpri#e# that the onl! re,e"! availa+le to the plainti a/ain#t a #u+#equent re/i#tration (oul" +e to #ee*an*ellation o the re/i#tration, i# la(e"% 9=%< It i# pre*i#el! or thi# rea#on, i in a #uit or in rin/e,ent the "e en"ant plea"# in "e en*e the /roun"# (hi*h are availa+le or *an*ellation un"er &e*tion <>, the #uit i# ne*e##aril! require" to +e tran# erre" to the Hi/h Court un"er the provi#ion# o &e*tion 99485 o the De#i/n# )*t% In our opinion, the ,anner in (hi*h the #*he,e o the De#i/n# )*t operate#, a "e*ree pa##e" in a #uit or in rin/e,ent, #hall +e +in"in/ on the Controller, (ho (ill have to *au#e an entr! in that re/ar" in the re/i#ter o "e#i/n#% On the other han", an or"er o *an*ellation un"er &e*tion <> pa##e" +! the Controller i# a,ena+le to appeal un"er #u+?#e*tion 495 o &e*tion <>% In a""ition, un"er #u+?#e*tion 495 o &e*tion <> o the De#i/n# )*t the Controller ha# the po(er to re er, at an! ti,e, the petition ile" +e ore hi,, to the Hi/h Court or "e*i#ion% 9B% Fe al#o, re#pe*t ull!, "i#a/ree (ith the vie( ta-en +! the learne" &in/le 1u"/e in To+u Enterpri#e# (ith re#pe*t to non? availa+ilit! o a re,e"! o a pa##in/ o a*tion qua a "e#i/n u#e" a# a tra"e,ar-% The learne" 1u"/e ha# *o,e to thi# *on*lu#ion or the ollo(in/ rea#on#: Fir#tl!, that &e*tion A6 o the ol" De#i/n# )*t "oe# not provi"e or a re,e"! o a*tion o pa##in/ o an"@ #e*on"l!, &e*tion A6 o the ol" De#i/n# )*t *ap# the eGtent o "a,a/e# (hi*h *oul" +e *lai,e" in an a*tion or in rin/e,ent an" *on#equential relie o "a,a/e#% ;oth rea#on#, a**or"in/ to u#, overloo- the un"a,ental prin*iple that in or"er to in#titute a #uit, a ri/ht ha# not to +e ne*e##aril! oun" in a #tatute ena*te" +! a le/i#lature% Unle## the #tatute eGpre##l! or +! ne*e##ar! i,pli*ation prohi+it# the 3uri#"i*tion o a *ourt to entertain a #uit, a *ivil *ourt *annot re u#e to entertain a #uit% 1uri#"i*tion o a *ivil *ourt to "eal (ith *ivil *au#e# *an onl! +e eG*lu"e" +! *lear an" una,+i/uou# lan/ua/e u#e" +! #pe*ial )*t# ena*te" or that purpo#e% Or"inaril!, the ou#ter o a 3uri#"i*tion o a *ivil *ourt i# not to +e in erre"% The pre#u,ption i# or"inaril! other(i#e% C&ee Dhula+hai v#% &tate o M%P% M)NU2&C2:<AB2<>=7 : )IR <>=> &C B7, &tate o )n"hra Pra"e#h v#% Man3eti LaG,i .antha Rao M)NU2&C2:96729::: : 9::: 465 &CC =7>, Gu"a $i3a!ala-#h,i v#% Gu"a Ra,a*han"ra &e-hara &a#tr! M)NU2&C2:6<A2<>7< : 4<>7<5 9 &CC =8= an" .ihoto Hollohan v#% Ma*hillhu M)NU2&C2:BA62<>>9 : 4<>>95 &upl% 495 &CC =A<D% 97% &e*tion > o the Co"e *learl! provi"e# that a *ourt #hall have 3uri#"i*tion to tr! all #uit# o *ivil nature eG*ept #uit# in re#pe*t o (hi*h *o/niEan*e i# either eGpre##l! or i,plie"l! +arre"%

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Page 22 9>% ) #o,e(hat #i,ilar vie( ha# +een ta-en +! a #in/le 1u"/e o thi# *ourt in 1o/in"er Metal For-#% The vie( in thi# *a#e i# *ontrar! to the vie( ta-en +! the #in/le 1u"/e in To+u Enterpri#e#% Fe re#pe*t ull! a/ree (ith the vie( ta-en in the 1o/in"er Metal For-#% 6:% )nother &in/le 1u"/e o thi# Court in )lert In"ia v#% Naveen Pla#ti*# ha# "i#a/ree" (ith the vie( ta-en in To+u Enterpri#e#% Thi# (a# a *a#e, (here the plainti (hi*h (a# a ,anu a*turer o oot(ear #ole#, ha" ile" a #uit or in rin/e,ent o it# re/i#tere" "e#i/n an" or pa##in/ o an" other an*illar! relie #% The "e en"ant no% 9 in that *a#e, (ho (a# the proprietor o "e en"ant no% <, plea"e" in "e en*e that he ha" al#o o+taine" a re/i#tere" "e#i/n, an" thu#, ha" the eG*lu#ive ri/ht to appl! the #ai" "e#i/n to the pro"u*t ,anu a*ture" +! it% To +e note", the "e en"ant in that *a#e, (a# al#o ,anu a*turin/ oot(ear #ole#% The "e#i/n o the "e en"ant, ho(ever, (a# re/i#tere", in point o ti,e later to that o the plainti % 6:%< ;a#e" on the 3u"/,ent o To+u Enterpri#e# it (a# *onten"e" that #u*h a #uit (a# not ,aintaina+le a/ain#t the hol"er o a re/i#tere" "e#i/n, an" that, the onl! re,e"! availa+le (a# to #ee- *an*ellation un"er &e*tion A<?) o the ol" De#i/n# )*t% 6:%9 The learne" &in/le 1u"/e, ho(ever, repelle" +oth the#e *ontention#% The #in/le 1u"/e +a#e" hi# 3u"/,ent on the Divi#ion ;en*h 3u"/,ent o the )llaha+a" Hi/h Court an" the Lahore Hi/h Court in the *a#e o Moh"% )+"ul .ari, v#% Na#in ' )nr% M)NU2UP2:<>82<>68 : )IR <>68 )ll% B>7 4D;5 an" Ka"ar ;a-h#h v#% Ghula, Moh"% M)NU2L)2:=962<>68 : )IR <>68 Lah% B:>, re#pe*tivel!% The learne" &in/le 1u"/e (hile ta-in/ into a**ount the a*t that the plainti 0# "e#i/n (a# re/i#tere" at an earlier point in ti,e, o+#erve" that: Ii the t(o "e#i/n# are #a,e or i"enti*al, in that *a#e the "e en"ant, (ho#e "e#i/n (a# re/i#tere" ,u*h later, *annot +e #ai" to +e 0proprietor0 o a ne( or ori/inal "e#i/n, not previou#l! pu+li#he" in In"iaI% The learne" &in/le 1u"/e +a#e" on the 3u"/,ent# o the )llaha+a" Hi/h Court an" Lahore Hi/h Court, *a,e to the ollo(in/ *on*lu#ion: a per#on *lai,in/ to +e proprietor o a re/i#tere" "e#i/n, (hi*h i# not ne( or ori/inal, an" (hi*h i# +ein/ u#e" +! other#, #in*e prior to hi# re/i#tration, or #u*h "e#i/n, not(ith#tan"in/ #u*h re/i#tration, i# not entitle" to #ee- le/al re,e"ie# provi"e" un"er &e*tion A6 o the )*t 4i%e%, the ol" )*t5% The learne" &in/le 1u"/e (a# thu#, o the vie( that, the "e en"ant (oul" not +e entitle" to #ee- le/al re,e"ie# un"er &e*tion A6 o the ol" De#i/n# )*t, in *a#e, he (ere to ile a #uit, a/ain#t the plainti , an" there ore, *oul" the "e en"ant u#e #u*h a re/i#tere" "e#i/n, a# a #hiel" in a #uit ile" +! the plainti % The learne" &in/le 1u"/e (a#, there ore, o the vie( that the "e en"ant (ho i# oun" to +e a pirator o the "e#i/n, *annot +e allo(e" to "e eat the 3u#t an" le/al ri/ht availa+le to hi, un"er la(, in*lu"in/ the ri/ht to #eein3un*tion un"er &e*tion A6 o the ol" )*t% 4#ee o+#ervation# in para/raph 97 to 6: at pa/e# 995% 6<% On the a#pe*t o non?availa+ilit! o the re,e"! o a pa##in/ o a*tion, "i#a/ree,ent ha# +een eGpre##e" +! another &in/le 1u"/e o thi# *ourt in the *a#e o M2#% &,ith-line ;ee*ha, Pl* ' Or#% v#% M2#% Hin"u#tan Lever Lt"% ' Or#% <>>> PTC BBA 4Del5% The learne" &in/le 1u"/e ha# pre erre" the vie( ta-en in 1o/in"er Metal For-# a# a/ain#t that (hi*h i# eGpre##e" in To+u Enterpri#e#% 4&ee para/raph <6 at pa/e# B7< an" B795% 6<%< Thi# vie( ha# al#o oun" *on*urren*e in another 3u"/,ent title" a# &,ith-line ;ee*ha, Con#u,er# Health Care GM;H ' Or#% v#% G%D% Rathore ' Or#% M)NU2DE29:=629::9 : 9::9 49A5 PTC 986 4Del5% Thi# 3u"/,ent# *ite# (ith approval the 3u"/,ent in M2#% &,ith-line ;ee*ha, Pl* ' Or#% v#% Hin"u#tan Lever Lt"% ' Or#% 4#ee para/raph# 99 pa/e# 9A= to 9=:5% 6<%9 ) #in/le 1u"/e o the ;o,+a! Hi/h Court in the *a#e o Gor+at#*ho( Fo"-a .G v#% 1ohn Di#tillerie# Lt"% M)NU2MH2:=6:29:<< : 9:<< 48B5 PTC <:: 4;o,%5 /rante" an interi, in3un*tion in a pa##in/ o a*tion a/ain#t a "e en"ant, (hi*h ha" a re/i#tere" "e#i/n in it# avour% The plainti in that *a#e ile" a quia ti,et a*tion a/ain#t the "e en"ant in (hi*h he a##erte" that the #hape o it# Fo"-a +ottle# (a# "i#tin*tive an" or,e" an intrin#i* part o it# /oo"(ill an" reputation% The /rievan*e o the plainti apparentl! (a# that the "e en"ant

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Page 23 ha" inva"e" it# intelle*tual propert! ri/ht# +! a"optin/ a "e*eptive variation o the #hape o the +ottle# o the plainti % The plainti *lai,e" that, it ha" re/i#tere" the #hape o it# +ottle in variou# 3uri#"i*tion# a*ro## the (orl", an" that, in In"ia, it ha" applie" or re/i#tration o the #hape o it# +ottle, a# a tra"e,ar- un"er the Tra"e,ar-# )*t% The "e en"ant#, a# noti*e" in the 3u"/,ent, ha" o+taine" re/i#tration un"er the De#i/n# )*t an" thu# inter alia plea"e" that an a*tion or pa##in/ o (oul" not lie% Dr% 1u#ti*e D%N% Chan"ra*hu" pertinentl! ,a"e ollo(in/ o+#ervation# in the 3u"/,ent: %%%<A% The a*t that the De en"ant ha# o+taine" re/i#tration un"er the De#i/n# )*t, 9:::, "oe# not i,pin/e the ri/ht o the Plainti to ,ove an a*tion or pa##in/ o % &e*tion 9B495 o the Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>> provi"e# that nothin/ in the )*t #hall +e "ee,e" to a e*t the ri/ht o a*tion a/ain#t an! per#on or pa##in/ o /oo"# or #ervi*e#% &e*tion 9B495 i# a #tatutor! re*o/nition o the prin*iple that the re,e"! o pa##in/ o lie# an" i# oun"e" in *o,,on la(% <=% No(, in the pre#ent *a#e, the ,aterial (hi*h ha# +een pla*e" on the re*or" +! the Plainti , pri,a a*ie in"i*ate# that the Plainti ha# an e#ta+li#he" tran# +or"er reputation an" that an inte/ral part o that reputation lie# in the #hape o the +ottle in (hi*h $o"-a i# #ol"% The #hape o the +ottle (hi*h the Plainti ha# a"opte" ha# no un*tional relation#hip (ith the nature o the pro"u*t or the qualit! require" o the *ontainer in (hi*h $o"-a ha# to +e #ol"% The #hape, to u#e the lan/ua/e o a lea"in/ authorit! on the #u+3e*t, i# *apri*iou#% It i# *apri*iou# in the #en#e that it i# novel an" ori/inate" in the in/enuit! an" i,a/ination o the Plainti %%%% %%%The true te#t i# not a# to (hether the De en"ant too- a #ear*h ro, the De#i/n Re/i#ter% )# the ir#t u#er o the #hape, the Plainti (a# not +oun" to re/i#ter it un"er the De#i/n# )*t, 9:::% I the De en"ant -ne( that the +ottle# o the Plainti (ith a "i#tin*tive #hape (ere in the ,ar-et ? a# a pru"ent per#on in the tra"e (oul" -no( upon a "ili/ent enquir! no a,ount o #ear*h in the Re/i#ter (oul" +rin/ it (ithin the purvie( o an hone#t a"option%%%% %%% 99% The te#t i# (hether the #hape that ha# +een a"opte" +! the Plainti i# one that i# a"opte" *apri*iou#l!, purel! to /ive the arti*le a "i#tin*tive appearan*e or *hara*teri#ti* o the /oo"# o the ,anu a*turer% I that +e #o, the ,anu a*turer ,a! +e a+le to e#ta+li#h that he ha# a reputation an" /oo"(ill in the "i#tin*tive appearan*e o the arti*le it#el (hi*h (oul" urni#h a *au#e o a*tion in pa##in/ o %%%% %%% &e*on"l!, un"er the Tra"e Mar-# )*t, <>>>, the #hape o /oo"# an" their pa*-a/in/ i# #tatutoril! re*o/niEe" a# a *on#tituent ele,ent o a tra"e ,ar- a# "i#tin/ui#hin/ the /oo"# or #ervi*e# o a per#on (ith tho#e o other#@ Thir"l!, the #u+,i##ion o the Plainti that no other ,anu a*turer either /lo+all! or in In"ia ha# a"opte" the #hape o the +ottle o the Plainti 4#ave an" eG*ept or the De en"ant5 ha# not +een "i#pute" in the *our#e o #u+,i##ion# +! *oun#el or the De en"ant@ Fourthl! the #hape (hi*h ha# +een a"opte" +! the Plainti i# unique to the point o +ein/ *apri*iou#%%%% 69% Havin/ noti*e" the vie(# eGpre##e" in the 3u"/,ent# "i#*u##e" a+ove, (e ,u#t #tate that (e are +roa"l! in a/ree,ent (ith the vie( eGpre##e" in )lert In"ia v#% Naveen Pla#ti*#, 1o/in"er Metal For-#, M2#% &,ith-line ;ee*ha, Pl* ' Or#% v#% M2#% Hin"u#tan Lever Lt"% ' Or#% an" Gor+at#*ho( Fo"-a v#% 1ohn Di#tillerie# Lt"% 66% On variou# i##ue# rai#e" *r!#talliEe our opinion a# ollo(#% (e ,a!

4i5 ) plainti *oul" in#titute a #uit or in rin/e,ent o a "e#i/n a/ain#t a "e en"ant, (ho (a# al#o a hol"er o a re/i#tere" "e#i/n% The eGpre##ion Ian! per#onI oun" in &e*tion 99 o the De#i/n# )*t (oul" not eG*lu"e a #u+#equent re/i#trant a#, a**or"in/ to u#, no #u*h (or"# o li,itation are oun" in #ai" &e*tion% 4ii5 The plainti (oul" +e entitle" to in#titute an a*tion o pa##in/ o in re#pe*t o a "e#i/n u#e" +! hi, a# a tra"e ,ar- provi"e" the a*tion *ontain# the ne*e##ar! in/re"ient# to ,aintain #u*h a pro*ee"in/% The ar/u,ent that #u*h a #uit *oul" +e in#titute" onl! a ter the eGpir! o the #tatutor! perio" provi"e" un"er &e*tion << o the De#i/n# )*t, "oe# not

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Page 24 in" avour (ith u#% Thi# i# or the rea#on that in a /iven a*t #ituation the plainti ,a! have *o,,en*e" the u#e o the "e#i/n a# a tra"e,ar- a ter it# re/i#tration% Fhile &e*tion 94"5 o the De#i/n# )*t eG*lu"e# ro, the "e inition o a "e#i/n, an! tra"e,ar(hi*h i# "e ine" a# #u*h in *lau#e 4v5 o #u+? &e*tion 4<5 o &e*tion 9 o the <>A7 )*t or propert! ,ar-, a# "e ine" in &e*tion 8B> o the IPC, or an! arti#ti* (or- a# "e ine" in *lau#e 4*5 o &e*tion 9 o the Cop!ri/ht )*t ?the u#e o the "e#i/n a# a tra"e,ar- po#t it# re/i#tration, i# not #tipulate" a# a /roun" or *an*ellation un"er &e*tion <> o the De#i/n# )*t% 4ii5 4a5 In thi# *onteGt (e ,u#t note the ar/u,ent o M#% &in/h, learne" a,i*u#, that pa##in/ o a*tion ,a! perhap# +e ,aintaina+le provi"e" the ,ar- ha# attaine" #e*on"ar! ,eanin/% In our opinion, the i##ue +e ore u# i# li,ite" to (hether a re,e"! +! (a! o pa##in/ o a*tion (oul" +e availa+le qua a re/i#tere" "e#i/n u#e" a# a tra"e,ar+! the plainti ? (e are not in*line" to *o,,ent on the qualit! o evi"en*e (hi*h ,a! +e require", i at all, to +e pro"u*e" +! the plainti to prove (hether the ,ar- ha# a*quire" the ne*e##ar! #e*on"ar! "i#tin*tive ,eanin/, or hi, to #e*ure #u**e##, in the a*tion in#titute" in that +ehal % 4iii5 Fe are al#o o the vie( that a *o,po#ite #uit or in rin/e,ent o a re/i#tere" "e#i/n an" a pa##in/ o a*tion (oul" not lie% The Court *oul", ho(ever, tr! the #uit# to/ether, i the t(o #uit# are ile" in *lo#e proGi,it! an"2or it i# o the vie( that there are a#pe*t# (hi*h are *o,,on to the t(o #uit#% The "i#*retion o the *ourt in thi# ,atter (oul" ne*e##aril! +e para,ount% 68% )**or"in/l!, our an#(er# to the three i##ue# are a# ollo(#: I&&UE No% I: ) hol"er o a re/i#tere" "e#i/n *oul" in#titute a #uit a/ain#t a "e en"ant (ho i# al#o in po##e##ion o a re/i#tere" "e#i/n%, I&&UE No% II: ) hol"er o a re/i#tere" "e#i/n *an in#titute an a*tion or pa##in/ o % I&&UE No% III: The t(o a*tion# *annot +e *o,+ine" in one #uit% The re eren*e i# thu# "i#po#e" o in the a ore#ai" ter,#% The #uit# +e pla*e" +e ore the ro#ter ;en*h or appropriate or"er#%

<

9 4"5 I"e#i/nI ,ean# onl! the eature# o #hape, *on i/uration, pattern, orna,ent or *o,po#ition o line# or *olour# applie" to an! arti*le (hether in t(o "i,en#ional or three "i,en#ional or in +oth or,#, +! an! in"u#trial pro*e## or ,ean#, (hether ,anual, ,e*hani*al or *he,i*al, #eparate or *o,+ine", (hi*h in the ini#he" arti*le appeal to an" are 3u"/e" #olel! +! the e!e@ +ut "oe# not in*lu"e an! ,o"e or prin*iple o *on#tru*tion or an!thin/ (hi*h i# in #u+#tan*e a ,ere ,e*hani*al "evi*e, an" "oe# not in*lu"e an! tra"e ,ar- a# "e ine" in *lau#e 4v5 o #u+?#e*tion 4<5 o #e*tion 9 o the Tra"e an" Mer*han"i#e Mar-# )*t, <>A7 or propert! ,ar- a# "e ine" in #e*tion 8B> o the In"ian Penal Co"e or an! arti#ti* (or- a# "e ine" in *lau#e 4*5 o #e*tion 9 o the Cop!ri/ht )*t, <>AB
9

9435 Iproprietor o "e#i/nI,?

a ne( or ori/inal

4i5 (here the author o the "e#i/n, or /oo" *on#i"eration, eGe*ute# the (or- or #o,e other per#on, ,ean# the per#on or (ho, the "e#i/n i# #o eGe*ute"@ 4ii5 (here an! per#on a*quire# the "e#i/n or the ri/ht to appl! the "e#i/n to an! arti*le, either eG*lu#ivel! o an! other per#on or other(i#e, ,ean#, in the re#pe*t an" to the eGtent in an" to (hi*h the "e#i/n or ri/ht ha# +een #o a*quire", the per#on +! (ho, the "e#i/n or ri/ht i# #o a*quire"@ an" 4iii5 in an! other *a#e, ,ean# the author o the "e#i/n@ an" (here the propert! in or the ri/ht to appl!, the "e#i/n ha# "evolve" ro, the ori/inal proprietor upon an! other per#on, in*lu"e# that other per#on%
6

99% 4I5 Durin/ the eGi#ten*e o *op!ri/ht in an! "e#i/n it #hall not +e la( ul or an! per#on? 4a5 or the purpo#e o #ale to appl! or *au#e to +e applie" to an! arti*le in an! *la## o arti*le# in (hi*h the "e#i/n i# re/i#tere", the

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Page 25 "e#i/n or an! rau"ulent or o+viou# i,itation thereo , eG*ept (ith the li*en#e or (ritten *on#ent o the re/i#tere" proprietor, or to "o an!thin/ (ith a vie( to ena+le the "e#i/n to +e #o applie"@ or 4+5 to i,port or the purpo#e# o #ale, (ithout the *on#ent o the re/i#tere" proprietor, an! arti*le +elon/in/ to the *la## in (hi*h the "e#i/n ha# +een re/i#tere", an" havin/ applie" to it the "e#i/n or an! rau"ulent or o+viou# i,itation thereo , or 4*5 -no(in/ that the "e#i/n or an! rau"ulent or o+viou# i,itation thereo ha# +een applie" to an! arti*le in an! *la## o arti*le# in (hi*h the "e#i/n i# re/i#tere" (ithout the *on#ent o the re/i#tere" proprietor, to pu+li#h or eGpo#e or *au#e to +e pu+li#he" or eGpo#e" or #ale that arti*le% 9% 4<5 I an! per#on a*t# in *ontravention o thi# #e*tion, he #hall +e lia+le or ever! *ontravention? 4a5 to pa! to the re/i#tere" proprietor o the "e#i/n a #u, not eG*ee"in/ t(ent!? ive thou#an" rupee# re*overa+le a# a *ontra*t "e+t, or 4+5 i the proprietor ele*t# to +rin/ a #uit or the re*over! o "a,a/e# or an! #u*h *ontravention, an" or an in3un*tion a/ain#t the repetition thereo , to pa! #u*h "a,a/e# a# ,a! +e a(ar"e" an" to +e re#traine" +! in3un*tion a**or"in/l!: Provi"e" that the total #u, re*overa+le in re#pe*t o an! one "e#i/n un"er *lau#e 4a5 #hall not eG*ee" i t! thou#an" rupee#: Provi"e" urther that no #uit or an! other pro*ee"in/ or relie un"er thi# #u+#e*tion #hall +e in#titute" in an! *ourt +elo( the *ourt o Di#tri*t 1u"/e% 465 In an! #uit or an! other pro*ee"in/ or relie un"er #u+#e*tion 495, ever /roun" on (hi*h the re/i#tration o a "e#i/n ,a! +e *an*elle" un"er #e*tion <> #hall +e availa+le a# a /roun" o "e en*e% 485 Not(ith#tan"in/ an!thin/ *ontaine" in the #e*on" provi#o to #u+?&e*tion 495, (here an! Manupatra Information Solutions Pvt. Ltd. /roun" or (hi*h the re/i#tration o a "e#i/n ,a! +e *an*elle" un"er #e*tion <> ha# +een availe" o a# a /roun" o "e en*e an" #u+? #e*tion 465 in an! #uit or other pro*ee"in/ or relie un"er #u+?#e*tion 495, the #uit or #u*h other pro*ee"in/# #hall +e tran# erre" +! the Court in (hi*h the #uit or #u*h other pro*ee"in/ i# pen"in/, to the Hi/h Court or "e*i#ion% 4A5 Fhen the *ourt ,a-e# a "e*ree in a #uit un"er #u+?#e*tion 495, it #hall #en" a *op! o the "e*ree to the Controller, (ho #hall *au#e an entr! thereo to +e ,a"e in the re/i#ter o "e#i/n#%
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9B% 4<5 No per#on #hall +e entitle" to in#titute an! pro*ee"in/ to prevent, or to re*over "a,a/e# or, the in rin/e,ent o an unre/i#tere" tra"e ,ar-%
A

9B 495 Nothin/ in thi# )*t #hall +e "ee,e" to a e*t ri/ht# o a*tion a/ain#t an! per#on or pa##in/ o /oo"# or #ervi*e# a# the /oo"# o another per#on or a# #ervi*e# provi"e" +! another per#on, or the re,e"ie# in re#pe*t thereo %
=

<<% 4<5 Fhen a "e#i/n i# re/i#tere", the re/i#tere" proprietor o the "e#i/n #hall, #u+3e*t to the provi#ion# o thi# )*t, have *op!ri/ht in the "e#i/n "urin/ ten !ear# ro, the "ate o re/i#tration%
B

<A 495 Cop!ri/ht in an! "e#i/n, (hi*h i# *apa+le o +ein/ re/i#tere" un"er the De#i/n# )*t, <><<, +ut (hi*h ha# not +een #o re/i#tere", #hall *ea#e a# #oon a# an! arti*le to (hi*h the "e#i/n ha# +een applie" ha# +een repro"u*e" ,ore than i t! ti,e# +! an in"u#trial pro*e## +! the o(ner o the *op!ri/ht or, (ith hi# li*en#e, +! an! other per#on%
7

<:485 The re/i#ter o "e#i/n# #hall +e pri,a a*ie evi"en*e o an! ,atter +! thi# )*t "ire*te" or authoriEe" to +e entere" therein%

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