Cch vit li gii thiu. Thng ch mt cu l cho phn ny. Thay th cc t trong general statement bng nhng t ng ngha.

. Nu nh bn khng th vit li gii thiu mt cch nhanh chng theo cch ca bn, ng tn thi gian. Chp li nhng t trong mc, nhng cht na hy nh thay i. S dng mt s mu sau y vit phn gii thiu cho ring bn: The graph show/illustrates the trends in between and The graph gives/provides/reveal/presents information about (the ifferences/changes) The graph show/illustrates how the sales have differed/changed Thay i cc cm danh t, nh l: sales/purchases of different cars; sales/purchases of private vehicles; the number of various types of cars sold/purchased,; the number of various types of cars sold/purchased; car sales/purchases. S dng cc t ph bin trong phn gii thiu: information, data, differences(s). similarities, changes, trends, results, numbers, percentages, figures, statistics, breakdown. Cch vit phn chnh ca vn bn Chia bi vit ca bn thnh 3-4 on vn nh, bao gm c phn gii thiu Chia cc thng tin thnh broad/general groups/categories hoc trends. Describe the main or most striking/significant/noticeable/outstanding/remarkable feature(s)/chracteristics differences/trends/changes. Describe the three general trends: is/was upwards/downwards/fluctuate or say what happened:(sales) rose/fell/remained fluctuated/fluctuated S dng cc t ng ngha thch hp: - Rise (vb): climb, go up, increase, improve, jump, leap, move upward, rocket, skyrocket, soar, shoot up, pick up, surge, recover. - Rise (n): increase, climb, jump, leap, pick up, surge (in). - Fall (vb): collapse, decline, decrease, deteriorate, dip, dive, drop, fall (back), go down, go into free-fall, plummet, plunge, reduce (only in the passive) slide, slip (back), slump, take a nosedive. - Fall (n): decline, decrease, deterioration, dip, drop, plunge, free-fall, slide, slip, dove, reduction, slump. - Fluctuate: (noun: fluctuations) be erratic, be fitful, vary, rise and fall erratically - Flat: no change, constant Thm trng t ph hp: dreamaticallly, erratically, gradually, markedly, significantly, slightly, slowly, steadily. Thm thng tin hoc v d c th: (increasing etc.) from to/Between and/With an increase from to/to from Use: followed by to add more information. Thm cm t thi gian: Between andFrom to (inclusive)At /by /inIn the year (1994) During/over the period to Over the latter half of the year/century/decade/period. /Over the next past/previous five days/weeks/months/years/decades. Cch so snh v tng phn. Lp li qu trnh cho mi im chung, nhng khc nhau v cu trc cu, ng php v t vng. S dng lin t nh: while/whilst/whereas/but.

S dng t ni: however/in contrast/by comparison/ meanwhile/on the other hand. Focus on an item in the graph: ( tp trung chuyn su vo 1 i tng miu t trong hnh nh): As regards (sales), they With regard to/Regarding/in the case of/As for/Turning to (sales), they Where ___ is/are concerned/it/they When it comes to ___ it/they S dng cc t v cm t m t d on: It is predicted/forecast(ed)/estimated/expected/projected anticipated that /will will/ will have by/ The projection is for to / is/are predicted/forecast(ed)/estimate/expected/projected/ anticipated to / is/are set to S dng th hin ti hon thnh m t vic t qu kh n hin ti: has risen. Etc. Vit kt lun. Thng th mt cu l ok. Bn c th s dng mt s mu cu sau y: Generally; Generally speaking,; All in all,; On average,; Overall,; it is clear/evident/obvious that, Other verb sequences stages you can use: ( kt ni gia cc thi on): rose from to/ rose and increased from to/ rose, increasing from to/ rose, overtaking in, and outstripping in/ Rising from to (sales) overtook and outstripped/ rose overtaking in, and reaching a peak in/ rose, before rising/ fell, after rising/after rising, fell/ rose/fell from to, while/whilst/whereas/ rose/fell

1. Introduction: M bi ca Report LUN C 2 PHN: Summary v Main point. Trong : a. Summary: chnh l topic c paraphrased li, paraphrase mt t hay mt cm t no l cng vi mt ngha nhng ta dng t hoc cm t khc din t n (vd t understand c th thay bng comprehend chng hn). Vic paraphrase s gip chng ta show off language ability ca bn thn rt nhiu v cng nh ting Vit, din t mt vn c nhiu cch khc nhau v nhiu t khc nhau. V m bi th khng g hp l hn t mt summary vo cu u tin, v cng khng g thch hp hn chnh l topic vi xt v bn cht n summary sn cho bn c ri. Vic cn lm by gi l bn bin i n theo cch ni ca bn chng t rng BN HIU. Ghi nh: nu bn khng paraphrase topic th bn s b xem nh copy v nhng t bn dng trong summary trng vi topic s khng c tnh vo word count . Vi bi UK Economy chng ta c th paraphrase nhiu cch khc nhau. Ly v d nguyn vn topic l: "The graph below shows the contribution of three sectors - agriculture, manufacturing, and business and financial services - to the UK economy in the twentieth century". Chng ta c th thay graph = diagram/figure/chart, shows = indicate/reveal/depict/illustrate, contribution of three sectors = how much three sectors contributed, in the twentieth century = during a one hundred year period from 1900 to 2000, the UK economy = the economy of the UK. Nh vy, paraphrased topic hon chnh ca chng ta n gin ch l: "The diagram indicates information about how much agriculture, manufacturing and business and finacial services contributed to the economy of the UK during a one hundred year period from 1900 to 2000". b. Main point: Cng n gin th thy main point rt d dng. Khi nhn vo mt biu nh vy, vic bn cn lm l xc nh xem cc nhn t trong th c thay i g khng nu c ct mc v thi gian, nh hng ca n (trend) nh th no, i ln (upward) hay i xung (downward). Nu khng c ct mc v thi gian th n gin ch l s so snh th phn ng gp ca cc nhn t trong th ti mt thi im no hoc mt h nguyn nhn - kt qu ca mt flow no . Hoc cho d c l g khc i na (v d process) hy suy ngh tht n gin, v cc bi report ch nm mc rt ph thng, sinh vin khi vo mi trng i hc u c th hiu v din t c mt cch rnh mch r rng, c bit l sv quc t. Vi topic UK Economy nh trn th ta c th thy agriculture v manufacturing gim mnh trong vng 100 nm trong khi business and finacial li tng. Mt cch rt r rng biu show ra 2 trends chnh, v chng ta thy g th ghi vo thi. Thng bt u vi nhng t hay cm t nh "I n general", "Overally", "Generally", "On the whole", ... main point c th din t vi vi nhiu cch khc nhau, nhng cng n gin cng tt: "In general, agriculture and manufacturing experienced a sharp decline whereas business and finacial services rose considerably thourgout the period". Lu : c th khi c mt figure hay graph no bn c th thy nhiu trend/pattern khc nhau, bn hy nghe theo l tr ca mnh v chn ci no chng ta cho l chnh yu nht lm main point. Mt bi task 1 c th c nhiu p n khc nhau v main point khc nhau c chp nhn nn bn c tn dng thi gian ca mnh m khng nn chn ch. Thc cht, mt bi report khng cn phi c conclusion, v yu cu ca IELTS l report nn bn ch cn trnh by nhng g bn hiu ch khng cn phi c kt lun no ca

bn thn mang tnh c nhn. V nu ni report khng c personal opinion th main point c tch khi Introduction v a xung lm conclusion l nghe c v hp tai nht. Rt nhiu bi writing, thm ch l model text trnh by theo cch ny. M bi ch c summary v kt bi chnh l main point. V tr t main point cng vy, c th t ch no bn mun, nhng hp l v logic hn c l chng ta cung cp cho ngi c tng tng khi qut v nhng g bn sp vit th tt hn l h c cc body paragraph v t nhn ra (khi main point tr nn tha thi). 2. Body paragraphs: C main point ri th chng ta s d dng vit detail lm, v bn hnh dung ra c mnh s vit g ri. Hy nhn vo main point v bt u vit chi tit m t v trend/pattern u tin m bn thy. V d vi topic UK Economy bn c th din t s i xung trong ng gp vo nn kinh t ca agriculture v manufacturing i khi n gin nh sau: Ti thi im 1900 s 1 l agriculture vi bao nhiu % . Tuy nhin d c tng mt cht >50% vo nm 1950 nhng n rt thm hi xung 0% vo nm 2000. Tng t manufacturing rt u u, c bit t hn 30% nm 1975 xung ch cn di 20% trong nm 2000. Hy tn dng cc k nng miu t m bn c, bn c th ln google search language of changes/time period, describing trends, change and consequences, ... hay cc k nng m t report v task 1 lm phong ph thm kh nng ca bn thn. Mnh v d cc transition expression sau y trc mi cu trong P1: Looking at the graph, Specifically, In a similar way, .... "Looking at the graph, it can be clearly seen that there was a similar downward trend in the contribution of two sectors: agriculture and manufacturing. Specifically, although agriculture grew steadily reaching the peak of just over 50% in 1950, it plunged to nearly 0% in 2000. In a similar way, there was a gradual fall in manufacturing's contribution over the first seventy-five years, followed by a significant decrease from more than 30% in 1975 to just under 20% in 2000." --> Cu u tin chnh l topic sentence c mention trong main point, tip theo chng ta ch cn thm vo cc support sentence cng cc evidence/example v dng cc transition expression din gii ngh ca mnh. Xong P1 th ti P2, nu P2 c trend cn m t tri ngc vi P1 th bn c th bt u vi cc transition expression (TE): On the other hand, By contrast, On the contrary, ... . Ngc li nu n dng b sung th bn c th dng cc TE: Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, ... v cch lm cng khng khc g P1, n gin v ngn gn. "By contrast, the contribution of business and financial services increased remarkably by about seven times during the century. To be exact, it almost doubled between 1900 and 1950, then kept climbling rapidly reaching around 35% in 2000." P2 ch n gin vy thi. V bi vit th l xong. MT S LU KHC: - Again, n gin v ngn gn, bn thy g th ghi ra nh vy, ng phc tp ho vn v n ch lp bt cp hi. V thi gian lm bi rt l hn ch nn tn ch ca Writing test l s n gin, d hiu, r rng v rnh mch. Examiner khng quan tm n g khc ngoi kh nng hiu v din t vn bng ngn ng ca candidate. Th nn khi u bn cng ng quan tm qu n nhng mu cu vn hoa, hay cc t mang tnh cht acedemic. Trong mt bi report bn ch cn vi ba ch s dng lm im nhn c nhn th l im cao ri. ng dng nhiu qu c th dn n phn tc dng nh complex sentences --> multiple

meaning hay complex grammar --> grammar mistakes, cha k big words m dng khng ng ch s sinh ra big troubles. =)) - Gii hn ti thiu ca report l 150 t, khng tnh nhng t copy t topic trong Introduction v lp li qu nhiu ln. D khng nu gii hn ti a nhng recommend con s l 200 li. Bn ch c 20p cho c vic c hiu v lm bi, th cho nn hy ch ti tng pht tri qua khi lm bi. V task 1 rt n gin nn nu bn ghi cng di bn cng c nhiu nguy c: th nht l tr gi, th 2 l lan man. Cc model text t im cao thng nm trong gii hn 170 - 180 t. - Describe: c bit khng dng t ny trong report, v describe l "m t" ci g , m bn thn cc graph/figure t n khng c kh nng m t ci. - Cc danh t ring: hy tn trng cc danh t ring v nu n vit hoa, hy vit hoa. Mnh ly v d trong topic UK Economy, nhng cm nh Agricultu re, Manufacturing, v Business and Finacial Services l danh t ring v th hin bng cch chia ng t s t. Hy cn thn v trnh nhm ln trong trng hp ny v bn s b tr im khi lm bi. - i vi tng loi report khc nhau s c cch dng t v th hin khc nhau, nhng structure organization: Introductory, P1, P2 cng nh cch t main point l nh nhau. - Report khng cha personal opinion bao gi, th cho nn ng bao gi t nhng cu mang tnh cm quan c nhn vo bi vit (vd: it seems to have more rainy days than ...). :-)