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Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies
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The Neoconservative Turn in Latin American Literary and Cultural Criticism
John Beverley
Online Publication Date: 01 March 2008
To cite this Article Beverley, John(2008)'The Neoconservative Turn in Latin American Literary and Cultural Criticism',Journal of Latin
American Cultural Studies,17:1,65 83
To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/13569320801950690
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John Beverley
THE NEOCONSERVATIVE TURN IN LATIN
AMERICAN LITERARY AND CULTURAL
CRITICISM
I|is c: :gucs t|t wc :c wit:cssi:g :coco:sc:vtivc tu:: i: lti: Auc:ic:
litc::, :c cultu:l c:iticisu I|t tu:: is cou|l, :coxicl :st, |ccusc it occu:s
i: t|c co:tcxt oi t|c :ccc:t :ccuc:gc:cc oi t|c lti: Auc:ic: lcit s oliticl io:cc,
scco:c |ccusc t|c tu:: itscli coucs :i:cill, i:ou t|c lcit I|c lttc: co:sicc:tio:
is :ot : c:ti:cl, :cw o:c, oi cou:sc it ws lso t|c csc oi lo:gcs :c ctvio lz i:
:cvious gc:c:tio:, io: cxulc l will couc |c| to t|c qucstio: oi lo:gcs :c |is
:olc s sig:ic: oi lti:uc:ic:isu t t|c c:c
l u goi:g to co:sicc: |c:c t|:cc cscs t|t l t|i:| :c:csc:t t|c :coco:sc:vtivc
tu:: I|c :st is t|c |oo| La articulacion de las diferencias |, t|c Gutcul: w:itc:
\:io ko|c:to \o:lcs, u|lis|cc o:igi:ll, i: 1--, wit| scco:c ccitio: i: !00!
I|c scco:c is \|cl \o::s !00! css, lo:gcs , ,o l:iuc: :ccxio: so|:c ll
ct:og:io I|c t|i:c, w|ic| l will ccl wit| soucw|t uo:c cxtc:sivcl,, is lct:iz
:los |oo| o: tcstiuo:io, Tiempo pasado, u|lis|cc i: !00.
1
l:ocl, sc|i:g :c t|is is oi cou:sc vst ovc:gc:c:liztio:t|c:c |vc |cc:
two u|o: i::ovtivc tc:cc:cics i: lti: Auc:ic: litc::, c:iticisu si:cc t|c c:l,
1-0s :c uig|t |c cc:cc s t|c socil c:iticisu o: ;:ot cxctl, t|c suc t|i:g,
t|c socil |isto:, oi lti: Auc:ic: litc:tu:c lt iollows :llcl to o: i: t|c w|c oi,
:i:cill,, A:gcl kus wo:|, csccill, |is ost|uuous La ciudad letrada oi 1-+
I|is tc:cc:c, is ssocitcc |ot| oliticll, :c uct|ocologicll, wit| t|c lcit I|c
scco:c tc:cc:c, i:volvcs t|c g:iti:g oi l:c:c| t|co:,, csccill, l:t|cs, loucult,
:c Dc::ic ;:c souctiucs lc: :c l:c:c| icui:isu,, o:to :cvious |ilologicl
uoccl oi lti: Auc:ic: litc::, stucics ;lt is :c:csc:tcc i: t|c :o:t| Auc:ic:
cccu, uost i:uc:till,, c:|s, |, ko|c:to Go:zlcz lc|cv:: , W|ilc t|is
scco:c tc:cc:c, is cccl, ccc:cc:t o: ccco:st:uctio: :c ostst:uctu:lisu, it tc:cs
to cist:cc itscli i:ou t|c usull, lcitist oliticl i:cctio: oi l:c:c| t|co:, lts ow:
st:cc is gc:c:ll, cit|c: :tilcitist o: s|cticl oi t|c clius oi t|c lcit ouc gu:cs
li|c osc: lucuc:, :cll, kic|:c, ulio kuos, \:, louisc l:tt, o: Al|c:to
\o:ci:s uig|t |c sic to :c:csc:t liui:l o: i:tc:uccitc scc |ctwcc: t|csc two
tc:cc:cics, o:c t|t uscs t|c tools oi ccco:st:uctio: :c gc:clog,, |ut wit| lcit
li|c:l o: lciticui:ist gc:c
A t|i:c tc:cc:c, :iscs i: t|c -0s, :c:csc:tcc |, t|c lti: Auc:ic: :ticultio:s
oi cultu:l stucics :c t|c: ostcolo:il stucics W|t l u clli:g t|c :coco:sc:vtivc
tu:: cuc:gcs :iu:il, s :cctio: to t|is t|i:c tc:cc:c, o: t|c :t oi c:itics w|o to
l:gc cxtc:t wc:c ssocitcc wit| t|c :st oi t|cut|t is, t|c socil c:iticisu oi
litc:tu:c
Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies, Vol. 17, No. 1 March 2008, pp. 65-83
ISSN 1356-9325/print 1469-9575 online q 2008 Taylor & Francis
DOI: 10.1080/13569320801950690
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l ologizc ii l sccu to |c l|o:i:g t|c o|vious, |ut |cio:c uovi:g o: it uig|t |c
usciul to usc |:ic, to cisti:guis| |ctwcc: :coco:sc:vtisu :c :coli|c:lisu,
:ticul:l, si:cc t|csc ositio:s :c oitc: |lu::cc i: co:c:ctc io:us oi :ig|twi:g
|cgcuo:,, li|c t|c lus| :cgiuc |c:c, t|c li:oc|ct cictto:s|i i: |ilc, o: t|c cu::c:t
lA: govc::uc:t i: \cxico :coli|c:ls |clicvc i: t|c cicc, oi t|c i:cc u:|ct :c
utilit:i:, :tio:l c|oicc uoccl oi |uu: gc:c,, |scc o: uxiuiztio: oi gi: :c
ui:iuiztio: oi loss l: :i:cilc, :coli|c:lisu cocs :ot :oosc :, :io:i
|ic::c|, oi vluc ot|c: t|: t|c cxistc:cc oi co:suuc: ccsi:c s suc| :c t|c
ciicctivc:css oi t|c u:|ct :c io:ul ccuoc:c, s ucc|:isus io: cxc:cisi:g i:cc
c|oicc lo: t|osc u:oscs, it is |ust s wcll ii ,ou :cic: o cultu:c to |ig| cultu:c,
sls to c|oc:|c:g I|c cc|ic::c|iztio: iulicit i: :coli|c:l t|co:, :c olic, lso
c:tils, t|c:cio:c, st:o:g c|llc:gc to t|c ut|o:it, oi i:tcllcctul clitcs i:
cctc:ui:i:g st:c:cs oi cultu:l vluc :c c::,i:g out cultu:l c:itiquc
:coco:sc:vtivcs, |, co:t:st, |clicvc t|c:c is |ic::c|, oi vlucs cu|ccccc i:
Wcstc:: iviliztio: :c i: t|c cccuic ciscili:cs |ic::c|, cssc:till, g:ou:ccc
i: t|c l:lig|tc:uc:t :ciguw|ic| it is iuo:t:t to ccic:c :c iu:t
ccgogicll, :c c:iticll, I|t :olc :cqui:cs t|c ctivit, :c ut|o:it, oi t:citio:l
i:tcllcctuls, i: t|c sc:sc t|t G:usci uscc t|is tc:u ;t|t is, i:tcllcctuls w|o sc| as
i:tcllcctuls i: t|c :uc oi t|c u:ivc:sl,, oc:ti:g t|:oug| t|c u:ivc:sit, :c
ccuctio: s,stcu :c i: t|c w: oi iccs oi t|c u|lic s|c:c l: cxt:cuc cscs, suc|
s t|c o:c :c:csc:tcc i: t|c D cccu, |, lco t:uss :c |is ciscilcs, u:, oi
w|ou ;i:cluci:g t|c :ccc:tl, co:victcc cootc: li||,, |vc o: |c iuo:t:t :olcs i:
t|c lus| cui:ist:tio:, souc :coco:sc:vtivc i:tcllcctuls :c s|cticl |out
ccuoc:c, itscli :c t|c |ilit, oi t|c usscs to ciicctivcl, u|c c|oiccs :c govc::
t|cusclvcs I|c, :guc io: t|c :csc:vtio: oi iccc oi io:ul ccuoc:c,, |ut io:
cc icto :ulc |, : ccuctcc clitc :coco:sc:vtivcs ivo: t|c |uu:itics, csccill,
t|c clcs oi l|iloso|, :c litc:tu:c, lco:ouics, |, co:t:st, is t|c uoccl ciscili:c
io: :coli|c:ls
lo: :coco:sc:vtivcs, it cocs u|c ciiic:c:cc ii ,ou :c listc:i:g to sls i:stcc
oi c|oc:|c:g I|c |c, tcxt i: t|t :cg:c is c:|s D:icl lclls The Cultural
Contradictions of Capitalism i:ou t|c c:l, 0s, i: w|ic| lcll icc:ticc g:owi:g slit
|ctwcc: t|c |ig|l, occilizcc c|:ctc: st:uctu:c :cccss:, io: citlist :ocuctio:,
:c t|c ::cissistic, lcsu:co:ic:tcc c|:ctc: st:uctu:c clicitcc |, citlist
co:suuc: cultu:c I|t cisti:ctio:, w|ic| ws lso io: lcll cisti:ctio: |ctwcc:
uocc:: :c ostuocc:: cultu:l :cgiucs, llowcc lcll, w|o |iuscli cuc i:ou
socil ccuoc:tic |c|g:ou:c, to cliu t|t |c ws li|c:l i: cco:ouic olic, |ut
co:sc:vtivc i: cultu:l uttc:s lo: u:oscs oi illust:tio:, wc coulc s, t|t i: D
co:tcxt \ilto: l:iccu: ws :coli|c:l w|c:cs lcll ws :coco:sc:vtivc l:
lti: Auc:ic: co:tcxt, V:gs llos ;it|c: :c so:,, o: t|c socllcc \c:co
w:itc:s :t|ologizcc |, Al|c:to luguct, o: t|c tc:cc:c, i: cultu:l stucics t|t uts
:iu:, cu|sis o: co:suuc: c|oicc :c civil socict,, :c:csc:t : iulicit o:
cxlicit ccct:cc oi :coli|c:l ositio: lut t|osc:c :cltcc tc:cc:cics :c
souct|i:g quitc ciiic:c:t t|: w|t l uc: |c:c |, t|c :coco:sc:vtivc tu:: l: ict, i:
souc w,s t|c :coco:sc:vtivc tu:: i: lti: Auc:ic is ci:cctcc :cciscl, against suc|
tc:cc:cics i: cultu:l :ocuctio: :c t|co:,, w|ic| coui:tcc t|c scc:c i: t|c
:cvious c:ioc Io usc k,uo:c Willius usciul cisti:ctio:, wc coulc s, t|t
:coli|c:lisu is t|c residual tc:cc:c, :c :coco:sc:vtivisu is, o: is |icci:g to |c, t|c
L AT I N AME RI CAN CUL T URAL S T UDI E S 6 6
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emergent tc:cc:c, i: lti: Auc:ic: cultu:l :c litc::, stucics A:c it :iscs :cciscl,
t |u:ctu:c i: w|ic| :coli|c:lisu is losi:g to souc cxtc:t its |cgcuo:, s :
iccolog, uo:g sccto:s oi t|c :cgio:l :c glo|l |ou:gcoisic :c :oicssio:l clsscs
;l will couc |c| to t|is oi:t,
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Aco::os iuous |uxtositio: i: The Philosophy of Modern Music oi t:vi:s|,
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vtivc cisti:ctio: u, st:i|c souc :ccc:s s icctious l uc: it, |owcvc:, :cciscl, to
i:vo|c t|c li:| |ctwcc: lcitist \occ::ist cst|ctic t|co:,, csccill, s ccvclocc |,
Aco::o :c t|c l::|iu:t c|ool, :c t|c :coco:sc:vtivc tu:: i: t|c D si:cc t|c
0s lo: Aco::o, c|oc:|c:gs cultivtio: oi cisso::cc :c t|c 1! to:c couositio:
uct|oc :c:csc:tcc, li|c li| o: lcc|ctt i: litc:tu:c, t|c io:cc oi : cst|ctic
uocc::isu c|lc oi |lsti:g oc:, ii o:l, io: uouc:t, t|c coui::t citlist
cultu:c, |scc o: couuocit, ictis|isu :c co:suuc: g:tictio: t:vi:s|,, |,
co:t:st, :c:csc:tcc io: Aco::o w|t l:cc:ic ucso: clls, i: |is css, o:
ostuocc::isu, stic|c ;ii ,ou go |c| to w|t Aco::o s,s |out t:vi:s|, ,ou
will :c t|c cssc:til |scs io: ucso:s ctcgo:, oi ostuocc::isu, lo: Aco::o,
t|c c:iticl, :ti|cgcuo:ic io:cc oi cultu:c lics i: :otio: oi cst|ctic io:cc :c vluc
t|t is :ot su||cct to co:suuc: c|oicc
li gu:cs li|c lc:|c:t \:cusc :c:csc:tcc lcit wi:g :ticultio: oi l::|iu:t
c|ool cultu:l c:itiquc i: t|c o0s, t|c:c ws lso uo:c cultu:ll, co:sc:vtivc
cl|o:tio:, w|ic| too| lcc :ticul:l, wit|i: t|c g:ou |:ow: s t|c :cw Yo:|
l:tcllcctuls, gc:c:ll, I:ots|,ist o: ocil Dcuoc:tic i: o:ic:ttio:, li|c lcll
|iuscli, w|o i:tc:ctcc wit| l::|iu:t c|ool sc|ol:s cu:i:g t|ci: c:ioc oi cxilc i:
t|c D ouc oi t|c c:licst io:us oi t|c :coco:sc:vtivc i: D t|oug|t cuc:gc i: t|c
c:l, 0s i: t|c wo:| oi :t c:itics li|c lcuc:t G:cc:|c:g o: lilto: l:uc: s
:cctio: to t|c :ciclisu oi o0s cou:tc:cultu:c :c ccic:sc oi cst|ctic
uocc::isu
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lt is t|is u:cxcctcc :cxus |ctwcc: :oui:ll, lcit ositio: :c
:coco:sc:vtisu t|t sccus to uc :ticul:l, i:tc:csti:g, :c t:ou|li:g i: t|c :csc:t
co:|u:ctu:c I|t is |ccusc t|c :coco:sc:vtivc tu:: i: lti: Auc:ic c: :c cocs
:c:csc:t itscli, owc:iull,, s ositio: t|t coucs i:ou t|c lcit :c is still ctivc
wit|i: it I|c :coco:sc:vtivc tu:: i: t|c D ciicctivcl, slit |ot| t|c :cw lcit :c
t|c Dcuoc:tic l:t, i: t|c 0s, :tl, lo:g gc:c:tio:l, :cil :c ct|:ic li:cs, :c
i: t|t w, i:|i|itcc t|c io:utio: oi :cw, oul:ccuoc:tic |isto:icl |loc i:
Auc:ic: oliticl cultu:c l: t|t w,, it |clcc vcc t|c w, io: t|c co:sc:vtivc
kcsto:tio: oi t|c 0s li l u co::cct i: u, cig:osis oi :coco:sc:vtivc tu:: i:
lti: Auc:ic: c:iticisu, u, co:cc:: is t|t it u, siuil:l, ct to i:|i|it o: liuit t|c
lti: Auc:ic: lcits gols :c ossi|ilitics i: t|c coui:g c:ioc
Wit| t|is i: ui:c, lct uc tu:: to u, t|:cc cxulcs, |cgi::i:g wit| \:io
ko|c:to \o:lcss La articulacion de las diferencias. ;lo: t|c :cco:c, l s|oulc :otc t|t La
articulacion de las diferencias ws |scc o: cocto:l cissc:ttio: \o:lcs coulctcc
u:cc: u, ci:cctio: t t|c D:ivc:sit, oi litts|u:g|, :c t|t it |c:s :ologuc |, uc,
\o:lcs cc:tc:s |is :l,sis o: t|c socllcc cc|tc i:tc:ct:ico t|t ccvclocc i: t|c
w|c oi t|c 1--o sig:i:g oi t|c ccc cco:cs |ctwcc: t|c guc::ills :c
t|c govc::uc:t i: Gutcul, w|ic| |c :ticitcc i: |iuscli s coluu:ist io: t|c
Gutcul: :cwsc: Siglo Veintiuno :c oi |is ui: co:cc::s i: |is |oo| is wit| t|c
w, i: w|ic| kigo|c:t \c:c|u :c |c: iuous tcstiuo:io wc:c c:o:izcc i: t|c D
T HE NE OCONS E RV AT I V E T URN I N . . . CUL T URAL CRI T I CI S M 6 7
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cccu, |, oliticll, co::cct sc|ol:s li|c u,scli i: t|c :uc oi t|c su|ltc::, o:
uulticultu:lisu lc s|:cs t|t co:cc:: wit| Dvic toll i: |is wcll|:ow: olcuic
gi:st \c:c|u
+
|ut u:li|c toll, w|o i:tc:ccc |is olcuic s c:itiquc oi w|t |c
cllcc ostuocc::ist tc:cc:cics i: t|c socil scic:ccs i: t|c D cccu,, \o:lcs is
uo:c co:cc::cc wit| t|c ciiccts within Gutcul oi t|c cccuic c:o:iztio: oi
\c:c|u, w|ic|, |c iccls, :c to lcgitiuizc t|c cuc:gc:t ciscou:scs ;i: t|c -0s, oi :
\,: cultu:l :tio:lisu :c icc:tit, olitics
\o:lcss w, oi osi:g t|c :o|lcu oi \,: cultu:l :tio:lisu stcus i:ou
cou|lc c:isis t|t c:osscs |is ow: c:so: t|c c:isis oi t|c c:t:l Auc:ic:
:cvolutio::, lcit, w|ic| |c ws ctivc i:, :c t|c c:isis oi t|c co:cct oi t|c w:itc: s
so:t oi litc::, \oscs, co:cucto: cc uc|los, to |o::ow lc::: Vicls |:sc,
w|ic| ws cccl, cu|ccccc i: t|c cultu:l :cticcs oi t|c lti: Auc:ic: lcit i: t|c
o0s :c 0s
.
I|c icc oi s,:c:gistic :cltio: |ctwcc: litc:tu:c :c :tio:l
li|c:tio: st:ugglc iou:c its uost owc:iul cx:cssio: c:|s i: A:gcl kus
co:cct oi t::scultu:cio: :::tiv
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i:ou cultu:l :t|:oolog,, :c t|c wo:| oi lc:::co :tiz i: :ticul:, io: ku,
t::scultu:tio: ws souct|i:g t|t |c:cc io: oliticl o: sttc:cltcc u:oscs
:ciguticll, i: litc:tu:c I|c lti: Auc:ic: |oou :ovcl i: :ticul: llowcc
i: |is vicw io: t|c :c:csc:ttio: oi cultu:l teleology oi t|c :tio:l, :ot wit|out
uouc:ts oi violc:cc, co:ict, cultu:l ;:c ctul, gc:ocicc, cttio: o: tc:cious
:csist:cc, |ut necessary ;o: i:cvit|lc, i: t|c lst i:st:cc io: t|c io:utio: oi :
i:clusivc :tio:loul: cultu:c I::scultu:tio: ws uc:t to |c i: sc:sc t|c
cultu:l o: suc:st:uctu:l co::cltivc oi t|c :occss oi cco:ouic ccli:|i:g :c
uto:ouous :tio:l ccvclouc:t :c uocc::iztio: cvoctcc |, ccc:cc:c,
t|co:,
\o:lcs cssc:till, :cvivcs kus icc oi t::scultu:cio: :::tiv, |ut :ow i:
t|c :cwl, is|io:|lc iciou oi cultu:l stucics :c |,|:icit, La articulacion de las
diferencias coulc |c :cc i: souc w,s s Gutcul: o: glocl vc:sio: oi :csto:
G:ci :cli:is Culturas h bridas, lt|oug| it :cti:s st:css o: litc:tu:c i: w, t|t
:cli:i cocs :ot \o:lcs co:ccccs t|t tcxts li|c Me llamo Rigoberta Menchu :c t|c
cuc:gi:g ciscou:scs oi \,: icc:tit, olitics :c |o:: out oi co:citio:s oi cxt:cuc
ovc:t, :c o:cssio: i: cccl, :cist :cocolo:il socict,, :c uo:c iuuccitcl,
i:ou t|c t:uu oi t|c socllcc \,: lolocust :c:csc:tcc |, t|c cou:tc:
i:su:gc:c, cuig: oi t|c Gutcul: :u, i: t|c c:l, 0s

:cvc:t|clcss, \o:lcs
iccls t|c, tc:c to cssc:tilizc i:cigc:ous icc:tit, kt|c: t|: : ut|c:tic
uulticultu:l ccuoc:tiztio: oi Gutcul: socict,, |c :gucs, \,: icc:tit,
olitics :oosc i: ciicct :cgotitio: |ctwcc: i:cigc:ous clitcs, t|c locl sttc, :c
t|c glo|l s,stcu, :cgotitio: uccitcc |, li|c:tio: t|colog,, ostcolo:il
:t|:oologists :c t|co:ists, :c siuil:l, ui:ccc :Gs :i:gu: :sgo utoico
:iu l luc| cc l su|ltc::icc ct:ic c: cl tc:cc: uu:co :i c: cl :iuc:o sc t:t
cc u: luc| o: i:sc:t:sc c: cl sistcu cst|lccico j:o utoi: t:cc c:c:giscs t|c
st:ugglc oi su|ltc:: ct|:icit, i: t|c t|i:c wo:lc, :o: i: t|c :st it is uttc: oi
st:ugglc io: i:sc:tio: i:to t|c cst|lis|cc s,stcu ;.-, l: t|is sc:sc, |c :gucs, li|c
toll |out \c:c|us tcstiuo:io, t|t t|c ciscou:scs oi \,: icc:tit, olitics co :ot
ccqutcl, :c:csc:t, i: t|c cou|lc sc:sc oi speaking about ;t|t is, uiucticll,,, :c
speaking for ;t|t is oliticll,,, t|c ctul liic wo:lc oi i:cigc:ous colcs i: t|ci:
uultilc ccouuoctio:s wit| |ot| t|c su::ou:ci:g lci:o, :is|sc|i:g wo:lc oi
L AT I N AME RI CAN CUL T URAL S T UDI E S 6 8
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t|c :tio: :c glo|l o: t::s:tio:l cultu:l ows :c :ocucts I|c ict t|t o:c oi
t|c uost :oui:c:t cxo:c:ts oi \,: icc:tit, olitics i: Gutcul, lstu:co
Zct, oc:l, too| :coli|c:l ositio: i: t|c cc|tc lc:cs itscli to \o:lcss
:guuc:t ;c:|s too csil,, |ccusc Zct sccus : cxcctio: i: t|is :cg:c,
Agi:st t|c s|: ;\o:lcs woulc s, \:ic|c:, i:cigc:ous lci:o,
coui::tsu|ltc:: |i::ics i: |ot| ostcolo:il t|co:, :c \,: icc:tit, olitics,
\o:lcs cvoctcs i:stcc w|t |c clls ucstiz|c i:tc:cultu:l, w|ic| |c
u:cc:st:cs, vc:, uuc| i: t|c u::c: oi kus t::scultu:cio: :::tiv, s
coulcx :c c:u:c:t, :cvc: coulctcl, c|icvcc, :occss oi cx:cssio:,
:cgotitio:, :c |,|:iciztio: oi cultu:l ciiic:c:cc l:cccc, i: o:c oi t|c uost
ciicctivc c|tc:s oi t|c |oo|, |c :gucs t|t Me llamo Rigoberta Menchu is s uuc|
|,|:ic o: ucstizo tcxt s t|c :ovcls oi \igucl A:gcl Astu:is, w|ic| tc:ccc to |c t|c
t:gct oi \,:ist c:itiqucs
\o:lcs co:cc:: i: ttc|i:g t|c c:scctivcs oi ostcolo:il stucics :c
uulticultu:lisu :c t|ci: suoscc coulicit, wit| i:cigc:ous icc:tit, olitics :c
socil uovcuc:ts is :oui:ll, wit| t|c :cco:st:uctio: oi t|c Gutcul: lcit itc:
ccict oi t|c :ucc st:ugglc :c i: t|c icc oi t|c :cw c|llc:gcs oscc to t|c lti:
Auc:ic: :tio:sttc |, :coli|c:l cco:ouic olicics li|c :AlIAAlIA :c
glo|liztio: I|c :otio: oi sovc:cig: :tio:l scc i:tc:ic:cc wit| |, io:cig:
i:tc:csts, i:cluci:g Dst,lc oliticl co::cct:css :c :Gs, is o:c oi |is ui:
co:cc::s l: |is vicw, t|c :isc oi i:cigc:ous icc:tit, olitics i:guc:ts t|c otc:til
u:it, oi t|c :tio:, w|ic| s|oulc |c |scc o: couuo:lit, t|t ucstiz|c
i:tc:cultu:l |ot| cu|ocics :c s,u|olizcs lc co:cluccs t|t l :cgocicio:
i:tc:ct:ic cs u: su:to i:tc::o cc Gutcul, , o: cllo cs ccsc|lc , co:vc:ic:tc quc
lo :csolvuos los gutcultccos si: cuci: tutcl|cs tc::lists j . . . ll s :cccsit
c:c:sc u: iccolog :cio:l lo us i:tcg:c osi|lc : c:i:c:t: l glo|lizcio:
co: lgu: cig:icc Dc|cuos , cc t:i:c|c:::os cct:s cc icc:ticccs csc:cilists
couo ls cc i:cios , lci:os, u,s , ucstizos, , llcgucuos sc:ti::os tocos c|i:cs
jl:tc:ct|:ic :cgotitio: is uttc: i:tc::l to Gutcul, :c t|c:cio:c it is ccsi:|lc
:c cvis|lc t|t wc Gutcul:s :csolvc it wit|out tu::i:g to tc::listic
:otcctio: j . . . I|c cou:t:, :cccs to c:ctc t|c uost i:tcg:tcc :tio:l iccolog,
ossi|lc i: o:cc: to co:i:o:t glo|listio: wit| souc ccg:cc oi cig:it, lct us sto
c:t:c:c|i:g ou:sclvcs i: cssc:tilist icc:titics li|c l:ci:s, lci:os,,\, :c
\cstizos :c ll oi us couc to iccl li|c chapines ;+1-!0,
: t|c icc oi it, t|c:c sccus littlc to o||cct to |c:c, csccill, si:cc \o:lcs
u|cs it clc: t|t |c cocs uc: mestizaje i: t|c w, Vsco:cclos o: : c:lic:
lti:uc:ic:isu cic cl ucstiz|c i:tc:cultu:l :o cvcc ls csccicicccs cultu:lcs
:i ls ciic:c:cis ji:tc:cultu:l ucstiz|c c::ot voic cultu:l sccicitics :c
ciiic:c:ccs ;+1-, lut w|, ut t|c icc oi i:tc:cultu:lit, u:cc: t|c :u|:ic oi
ucstiz|c i: t|c :st lcc t|c: At t|is oi:t, l u uo:c i:tc:cstcc i: ccsc:i|i:g
\o:lcss ositio: t|: :gui:g wit| it lut it uig|t |cl |:i:g w|t is t issuc i:to
iocus to s| w|ct|c: uulticultu:l icc:tit, olitics is : o|stclc to t|c :ccuc:gc:cc
oi t|c lcit, s \o:lcs sccus to iccl, o: :cco:citio: io: t|t :ccuc:gc:cc Wc |vc
ll couc to u:cc:st:c t|c co:t:cictio:s :c liuittio:s oi icc:tit, olitics i:
:coli|c:l i:ucwo:| t|t |s :o :o|lcu wit| :ic|c u:|cts :c ciiic:c:cc A:c
it gocs wit|out s,i:g t|t all cultu:c is, luost |, cc:itio:, |,|:ic o: t::scultu:cc
lowcvc:, it sccus to uc t lcst ;|ut t|c: :t oi t|c io:cc oi \o:lcss :guuc:t is to
T HE NE OCONS E RV AT I V E T URN I N . . . CUL T URAL CRI T I CI S M 6 9
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cisqulii, u, ut|o:it, to sc| i: t|is :cg:c,, t|t :cw i:tc:ct|:ic |isto:icl |loc
:ticultcc i:ou t|c lcit w|ic| coulc |ic io: |cgcuo:, i: cou:t:, li|c Gutcul
s|oulc :ot |c iou:ccc o: normative icc oi t|c |,|:iciztio: oi cultu:l ciiic:c:cc o:
ucstiz|c :t|c: t|t it is :cciscl, :cil, clss, gc:cc:, ct|:ic, li:guistic ciiic:c:ccs
;i:cluci:g t|c ctul cxc:ic:cc oi |ci:g ucstizo :c oo:, i: cccl, u:cqul socict,
i: cvc:, sc:sc t|t otc:tilizc t|c lcit s gc:ui:cl, :c:csc:ttivc :c t::sio:utivc
io:cc \o:lcs sccus to iccl t|t ucstiz|c is :cccss:, s t|c cx:cssio: oi couuo:
g:ou:csouct|i:g li|c w|t l::csto lclu clls : cut, sig:ic: oi t|c oliticl
;t|c gu:c oi :ci:o i: t|c :ic:gu: kcvolutio: woulc |c : cxulc oi : cut,
sig:ic:, |ccusc t|c :tio:sttc :cqui:cs souc io:u oi u:it:, icc:tit, to cxist s
suc| lut t|t :cqui:cuc:t oi couuo: icc:tit, ws t|c :o|lcu t|c io:utio: oi
ostcolo:il :tio:sttcs i: t|c Auc:ics, i:cluci:g D, oscc i:ou t|c st:t t|c
:cqui:cuc:ts oi citizc:s|i i: :tio:sttc coulc :ot coi:cicc wit| t|c
tc::ito:ilitics oi i:cigc:ous socil io:utio:s o: t|c cxistc:cc oi ot|c: :tio:litics
wit|i: t|c suosccl, |ouogc:ous :tio:l scc ;io: cxulc, :is|sc|c:s i:
t|c D, : t|c :tio: |c cultu:ll, lu:l o: |ctc:otoic scc, o: uust it |vc
si:gul: icc:tit, ;Wc :c ll ucstizos, l: ot|c: wo:cs, coulc it |c t|t it is from
uulticultu:l ciiic:c:cc t|t t|c ossi|ilit, oi :cco:stituti:g, o: c:|s oi co:stituti:g
gc:ui:cl, io: t|c :st tiuc, t|c lcit c:s ;l u t|i:|i:g s l s, t|is oi t|c csc oi
lvo \o:lcs :c t|c lolivi: \A, I|c qucstio: co:cc::s :ot o:l, t|c means oi t|c
lcit its io:us oi o:g:iztio: :c st:tcg,|ut lso t|c :tu:c oi its ultiutc goal,
w|ic| l woulc scc s socict, t|t is t o:cc cglit:i: and civc:sc
Mutatis mutandis, t|t is lso t|c qucstio: \|cl \o::s css, o: lo:gcss ll
ct:og:io :iscs io: uc I|c css, cx:cs o: :c :c:cs cc:ti: ositio:s ccvclocc
i: |c: wcll|:ow: olcuic, ll |oou ccl su|ltc::o, w|ic| c:cc i: :cll,
kic|:cs Revista de Cr tica Cultural i: t|c ltc -0s, t tiuc w|c: t|c cc|tc |out t|c
c:ti:c:cc oi ostcolo:il c:scctivcs to t|c lti: Auc:ic: stucics ws |cgi::i:g to
|ct u

\o:: is u|o: c:iticl voicc i: |c: ow: :ig|t, |ut uo:c iuo:t:tl,
c:|s s|c sc:vcc i: |c: :olc s ccito: oi t|c Revista Iberoamericana :c o:g:izc: oi
u:, co:ic:c:ccs :c ccitcc collcctio:s s |i:c oi :|itc: oi t|c cccuic clc oi
lti: Auc:ic: litc::, :c cultu:l c:iticisu io: t|c lst tc: ,c:s o: so o it is :ot
su::isi:g t|t w|t is t st|c i: |c: css,, w|ic| ::ou:ccs itscli i: t|c titlc s :
llcgo:, oi scli, is t|c :cltio: |ctwcc: t|c clc oi lti: Auc:ic: c:iticisu s suc| :c
su|ltc:: ot|c::css t|t t|:ctc:s to ccst|ilizc it
Io :ccll |:ic, lo:gcs vc:, s|o:t s|o:t sto:, A g:cutc stucc:t i: :t|:oolog,
t uicwcstc:: u:ivc:sit, i: t|c D:itcc ttcs, l:cc \u:coc|, sc:cs two ,c:s o:
: l:ci: :csc:vtio: gt|c:i:g utc:ils io: |is cissc:ttio: l: t|c cou:sc oi |is clc
wo:| |c sscs t|:oug| t|c :ituls oi i:coct:i:tio: i:to t|c t:i|c :c :cccivcs i:ou t|c
t:i|l s|u: su coct:i: scc:ct lc :ctu::s to t|c u:ivc:sit,, |ut ::ou:ccs to |is
cviso: t|t |c cocs :ot i:tc:c to :cvcl t|c scc:ct, |ccusc it is t|c :occss t|t lcc
|iu to t|c |:owlccgc :t|c: t|: t|c |:owlccgc itscli t|t |c :cs iuo:t:t I|is
:c:u:citio: ciicctivcl, c:cs |is cccuic c:cc: lo:gcs co:cluccs lco:icll, l:cc
sc cso, sc civo:cio, , cs |o: u:o cc los |i|liotcc:ios cc Ylcjl:cc got u::icc,
civo:ccc :c is :ow li|::i: t Ylc
\o:: uscs ll ct:og:io to c:itiquc t|c :ivilcgi:g oi ot|c::css i: cultu:l
:t|:oolog, :c cultu:l t|co:, I|c css, gcstu:cs tow:cs : c|:owlccguc:t oi
t|c io:cc oi ostcolo:il :c su|ltc:: stucics i: t|c lti: Auc:ic: clc i: :ccc:t
L AT I N AME RI CAN CUL T URAL S T UDI E S 7 0
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,c:s lut w|t cuc:gcs i:ou closc :cci:g oi its :guuc:t is ciscouio:t wit|
uulticultu:lisu :c icc:tit, olitics vc:, siuil: to t|t cx:csscc |, \o:lcs I|c
:ccisc cul:it is :ot :ucc, |ut it woulc :ot |c st:ctc|i:g t|i:gs too uuc|, l t|i:|, to
scc it s Wltc: \ig:olo :c |is icc oi |:|:i: t|co:izi:g t|t is, t|i:|i:g i:ou
t|c lcc oi t|c ot|c: A:c, uo:c |:ocl,, c:|s, t|c :o|cct oi sccicll, lti:
Auc:ic: io:u oi ostcolo:il o: su|ltc:: stucics, to t|c cxtc:t t|t, i: \o::s
vicw, suc| :o|cct :is|s t|c ictis|iztio: oi : o:ic:tlizcc, :ct|co:cticl lti:
Auc:ic: ot|c:
lc:c :c souc c|:ctc:istic ssgcs i:ou t|c css, t|t cx:css t|is co:cc::
l: cl uc:u tco:ico quc cl cc|tc ostuocc::ist | oi:ccico l vo:cicc
ciscili::i gu::, c:t:c los ltos :i:cilcs, cl ccl ccscu|:iuic:to ccl t:o
j . . . :ocio:cs couo uulticultu:lisuo, su|ltc::icc, |i|:iccio:,
|ctc:ogc:cicc, |: sico c:s,cos couo :tc cc :o,cctos tco:icos quc
i:tc:t: |:c: cl :o|lcu cc l diferencia cultu:l couo u:o cc los u:tos
:cu:lgicos ccl lti:ouc:ic:isuo ctul i: cu|:go, :o:to sc | |cc|o
cvicc:tc quc l siulc ostulcio: ccl :cgist:o ciic:c:cil :o |cc, c: uuc|os
csos, si:o i:vc:ti: cl csc:cilisuo quc c:ctc:iz cl ciscu:so icc:tit:io cc l
uocc::icc c: cisti:tos uouc:tos cc su ccs::ollo j: t|c t|co:cticl uc:u t|t
t|c ostuocc:: cc|tc |s oiic:cc to ciscili::, g:ccc, t|c:c gu:c uo:g t|c
ui: cis|cs t|c ciscovc:, oi t|c t|c: j . . . :otio:s li|c uulticultu:lisu,
su|ltc::it,, |,|:iciztio:, |ctc:ogc:cit, |vc |cc: :c|c:scc s :t oi t|c
t|co:cticl :o|ccts t|t t:, to :oc| t|c :o|lcu oi cultu:l ciiic:c:cc s o:c
oi t|c |c, oi:ts oi co:tcuo::, lti:uc:ic:isu lowcvc:, it soo: |ccuc
cvicc:t t|t t|c siulc ositi:g oi ciiic:c:til :cgistc: i: u:, cscs cocs :ot|i:g
uo:c t|: i:vc:t t|t cssc:tilisu t|t c|:ctc:iscs t|c ciscou:sc oi icc:tit, i:
uocc::it, t ciiic:c:t uouc:ts oi its ccvclouc:t ;10+,
,ls l otredad cl cisositivocl su|tc:iugio :tc ccl cul cl su|cto cc l uocc::icc
sc :ci:sc:i|c cc:t:o ccl |o:izo:tc cscctico cc l ostuocc::icc :ciu:c:co ,
:ciu:cio:liz:co su cc:t:licc couo co:st:ucto:gcsto:cui:st:co: cc l
diferencia jls otherness t|c :tus t|c su|tc:iugc i:ou w|ic| t|c su||cct oi
uocc::it, is :ci:sc:i|cc wit|i: t|c s|cticl |o:izo: oi ostuocc::it,, :ciou:ci:g
:c :cco:stituti:g its cc:t:lit, s w|t co:st:uctsu:gcscui:istc:s difference?
;10o,
jc | :ccu::ico l co:ccto cc osicio:cs cc su|cto cl cul :csult, couo lclu
cxlic, :cltivuc:tc util u:quc i:sucic:tc : ct: cl sc:tico cc l listo:i
couo totlicc l: sc: c:tc:cic couo tl, cst :cquic:c cc l cxistc:ci cc u:
su|cto cz cc o:g:iz: cxc:ic:ci , ciscu:so : llcg: l co:ciuic:to |soluto
j . . . cc :occsos totlcs l: uuc|s tco:izcio:cs, si: cu|:go, oc:i lcg:sc quc
l :cio:uulcio: cc l ci:uic c:t:c icc:ticc , ltc:icc sc |s |ustuc:tc c: l
c:isis cc l icc cc totlicc |isto:ic , su sustitucio: o: cl co:|u:to cc
uic:o|isto:is o |isto:is uc:o:cs |:c|lcs, clls si, ccscc osicio:cs cc su|cto
v:i|lcs , cotcs jt|c :cso:t |s |cc: to t|c co:cct oi su||cct ositio:s w|ic|,
s lclu cxli:s, tu::s out to |c :cltivcl, usciul lt|oug| i:suicic:t to ctu:c
t|c sc:sc oi listo:, s totlit, Io |c u:cc:stooc s suc| :cqui:cs t|c cxistc:cc oi
T HE NE OCONS E RV AT I V E T URN I N . . . CUL T URAL CRI T I CI S M 7 1
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su||cct c|lc oi o:g:isi:g cxc:ic:cc :c ciscou:sc so s to :cc| |solutc
|:owlccgc j . . . oi totl :occsscs l: u:, t|co:istio:s, |owcvc:, o:c uig|t
cliu t|t t|c :cio:uultio: oi t|c c,:uic |ctwcc: icc:tit, :c ltc:it, is |scc
:cciscl, o: t|c c:isis oi t|c icc oi |isto:icl totlit, :c its :clccuc:t |, t|c
c:scu|lc oi uic:o|isto:ics :c ui:o: |isto:ics t|t c: |c liu:cc i:ou v:i|lc
:c co:tou:cc su||cct ositio:s ;10.,-
W|t is cxcul:, io: \o:: i: lo:gcs sto:, is \u:coc|s ct oi :c:u:citio: itscli
D:li|c tcstiuo:io o: t|co:cticl ciscou:scs t|t cliu, i: t|c i:tc:csts oi solic:it,, to
lct t|c su|ltc:: sc| io: itscli, o: to sc| i: t|c :uc oi t|c su|ltc::,
ll uto: cc ll ct:og:io :ccc sugc:i: quc l cul ccl colo:ilisuo :o uccc sc:
cxic cc u:c: cc:itiv:o, l uc:os, t:vcs cc l cultu:, :o :ti: cc lo
quc liiio:c llu l :c: c::vlcsc cc l civc:sicc, :o o: ls sccuccio:cs cc
l oliio: :i o: ls :oucss cc l |ctc:oglosi, :i o: l quc loui l||| llu
:oci: :ocio: li|c:l cc uulticultu:lisuo j . . . lo:gcs :c:u:ci :ticul: para
cl ot:o , por cl ot:o u: osicio: cc ciscu:so , so|:c toco :c:u:ci tco:iz: cc:c
cc su co:cicio: , su cultu:, , u:quc lc :cco:occ culicc c:u:citiv, :u co:
l |o::cu: cc l voz l i:utiliccquiz l iu:occcc:ci cc toc t:cuccio:
;1!1, j . . . lo:gcs :os ccvuclvc l solccc , l :oucs cc l |i|liotcc jI|c
ut|o: oi I|c lt|:og:|c: sccus to suggcst t|t t|c guilt io: colo:ilisu c::ot
|c cxitcc i: cc:itivc w, t lcst :ot t|:oug| cultu:c, :ot o: t|c |sis oi
w|t liiio:c Gcc:tz clls t|c c::ivlcsquc :c: oi civc:sit,, :ot |, t|c
sccuctio:s oi ol,|o:, :o: |, t|c :ouiscs oi |ctc:oglossi, :o: |, w|t loui
l||| clls t|c :oc,:c li|c:l :otio: oi uulticultu:lisu j . . . lo:gcs givcs u
:ticulti:g for :c on behalf of t|c ot|c: ositio: oi ciscou:sc :c |ovc ll givcs u
t|co:isi:g |out |is co:citio: :c |is cultu:c :c lt|oug| |c :ccog:iscs :
c:u:citivc qulit, i: |iu, wit| t|c c:su:c oi t|c voicc |c ssc:ts t|c usclcss:css
c:|s i:cvis|ilit, oi ll io:us oi t::sltio: j . . . lo:gcs :ctu::s us to
solitucc :c t|c :ouisc oi t|c li|::,;1!!,
\o:: cx:cs o: t|c cxlicit olticl iulictio:s oi t|is :c:u:citio: i:
ioot:otc ls couo lo:gcs :c|us: avant la lettre t::sio:u: ccu:cs cc
:cco:ociuic:to quc cst: llucs cului:: c: ol tics icc:tit:is , uulticultu:lcs
;I,lo:, I|c lolitics oi kccog:itio:, c: u: olitic cc couulsio: ;Ai|, quc
o|lig l ot:o suui: l icc:ticc quc lc | sico sociluc:tc co:st:uic , sig:c o:
su co:cicio: ct:ico, scxul, ol tico jlt is s ii lo:gcs :ciuscs avant la lettre to
t::sio:u ccu:cs io: :ccog:itio: w|ic| :c cllcc o: to cs| out i: uulticultu:l :c
icc:tit, olitics ;I,lo: I|c lolitics oi kccog:itio:, i: olitics oi couulsio:
;Ai|, t|t o|ligcs t|c ot|c: to ssuuc t|c icc:tit, t|t |s |cc: socill, co:st:uctcc
:c ssig:cc to t|cu |, t|ci: ct|:ic, scxul :c oliticl co:citio: ;1!1, : !!, lut ii
wc :c :ot to |vc oliticll, :oc,:c li|c:l uulticultu:lisu, o: : cistcuologicll,
:c ct|icll, cu|ious :t|:oologicl :ccuc:tio: oi ot|c::css, w|t is lcit
\o:: gcstu:cs t scvc:l oi:ts i: |c: css, to lcvi:s s|c w:itcs, io: cxulc,
oi u: su|cto jquc cs :c:csc:tco o: lo:gcs ||o l io:u cc l iuosi|ilicc cc
co:ociuic:to , l i::ccucti|ilicc cc l ot:ccc, o sc, o: u: :cgtivicc :o
colo:iz|lc :i :c|c:si|lc j su||cct t|t is :c:csc:tcc |, lo:gcs u:cc: t|c io:u oi
L AT I N AME RI CAN CUL T URAL S T UDI E S 7 2
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t|c iuossi|ilit, oi |:owlccgc :c t|c i::ccuci|ilit, oi ot|c::css, o: |cttc:, |,
:cgtivit, t|t c: |c :cit|c: colo:iscc :o: :c|c:ccc ;1!0, lut t|c cl to
lcvi:s, w|ic| sccus to |c uo:c :c uo:c :cvlc:t i: t|c clc toc,,
10
u, itscli |c
s,utoutic oi w|t l u clli:g t|c :coco:sc:vtivc tu:: I|t is |ccusc it :ccuccs
t|c :o|lcu oi ciiic:c:cc o: su|ltc::it,, w|ic| is |ot| oliticl :c cultu:l
:o|lcu, to : ct|icl o:c, qucstio: oi cxc:cisi:g c|oicc, s \u:coc| cocs lo:gcss
sto:, ccls i: st:i|i:gl, o:igi:l w, wit| t|c gc:c, oi t|c cccuic i:tcllcctul i:
:cltio: to t|c su|ltc::, |ut w|t :cit|c: t|c sto:, :o: \o::s css, u|c :csc:t is
:cciscl, t|c gc:c, of the subaltern, w|ic| i: t|c csc oi t|c t:i|c \u:coc| stucics,
uig|t |c souct|i:g li|c t|c \,: icc:tit, olitics \o:lcs ttc|s i: La articulacion de
las diferencias
I|c c:itiquc oi t|c :ctc:sio: to sc| i:ou o: io: su|ltc:: ot|c: is o:c t|i:g
it u, wcll |c, s \o:: :gucs, cc|oi:g iv| i: : t|c u|ltc:: c|, t|t
suc| :ctc:sio: :c:csc:ts siul, : i:vc:sio: oi t|c gcstu:c oi o:ic:tlisuto :ccll
o:c oi t|c ssgcs i: \o::s css, l citcc c:lic:, :o |cc, c: uuc|os csos, si:o
i:vc:ti: cl csc:cilisuo quc c:ctc:iz cl ciscu:so icc:tit:io cc l uocc::iccji:
u:, cscs, it cocs :ot|i:g uo:c t|: i:vc:t t|c cssc:tilisu t|t c|:ctc:iscs t|c
ciscou:sc oi icc:tit, oi uocc::it,
11
lut w|t is clc: is t|t t|c cccisio: to lcvc t|c
ot|c: o: t|c sicc oi silc:cc, c: l ot: o:ill, s \o:: uts it ;1!!,, is lso |i:c oi
o:ic:tlisu, w|ic| sc|s i: t|c :uc oi t|c ut|o:it, oi litc:tu:c to cisqulii, t|c
ciio:t oi i:cigc:ous :c su|ltc:: su||ccts to i:sc:i|c themselves i:to |isto:, lccusc
w|t is s|cc io: i: icc:tit, olitics is :ot so uuc| t|c :ccog:itio: oi ciiic:c:cc, s t|c
i:sc:itio: oi t|t ciiic:c:cc i:to t|c icc:tit, oi t|c :tio: :c its |isto:, o t|c suc
:o|lcu :iscs s i: \o:lcs cl to ucstiz|c i:tc:cultu:l t|c ossi|ilit, oi t|c
io:utio: oi :cw |isto:icl |loc t|c :tio:l, co:ti:c:tl :c i:tc:co:ti:c:tl lcvcls
i: lti: Auc:ic |scc o: lli:cc olitics |ctwcc: socil g:ous ;i:cluci:g |ut :ot
liuitcc to cco:ouic clsscs, wit| ciiic:c:t so:ts oi cxc:ic:ccs, i:tc:csts, vlucs,
wo:lc vicws, |isto:ics, cultu:l :cticcs, souctiucs cvc: l:gugcs, is cisvowcc, i:
ivo: oi s|cticl lucicit, :c:csc:tcc |, t|c i:stitutio: oi litc:tu:c :c litc::,
c:iticisu t|t cocs :ot succuu| to t|c illusio:s oi : :t|:oologicl o: tcstiuo:il
cl to t|c ut|o:it, oi su|ltc:: voicc o: cxc:ic:cc
lt is t|c :tu:c oi t|t cl :c oi its oliticl co:scquc:ccs t|t is t|c o||cct oi
lct:iz :los c:itiquc oi tcstiuo:il :c wit:css :::tivcs i: :ticul:, t|c
voicccxc:ic:cc oi t|c victius oi oliticl :c:cssio: i: A:gc:ti: cu:i:g t|c l:occso
i: |c: Tiempo pasado. Cultura de la memoria y giro subjetivo jIiuc lst I|c ultu:c oi
\cuo:, :c t|c u||cctivc Iu:: :los :guuc:t |s its :oots i: : c:lic:, uuc|
:t|ologizcc css, |, |c: o: cultu:l stucics :c t|c :o|lcuoi vluc
1!
I|c:c :lo ws
co:cc::cc wit| t|c w, i: w|ic| st:c:cs oi litc::, :c cst|ctic vluc wc:c |lu::cc
o: lost i: t|c cl to uss o: oul: cultu:c ucc |, cultu:l stucics, : cl s|c
c|:ctc:izcc s ucci :cooulisu l: Tiempo pasado, |, co:t:st, |c: co:cc:: is wit|
t|c w, i: w|ic| t|c voguc io: tcstiuo:io wc|c:s t|c ossi|ilit, oi cccc: litc::,,
|isto:icl :c sociologicl :ccctio: o: t|c l:occso :c t|c itc oi t|c A:gc:ti:c lcit
lut, s wc will scc, io: :lo t|t co:cc:: lso i:volvcs |i:c oi oulisu
I|c oliticl :c ct|icl ut|o:it, co:ccccc to tcstiuo:io, t|:ctc:s, i: :los
vicw, to ccst|ilizc t|c ut|o:it, oi |ot| iugi:tivc litc:tu:c :c t|c cccuic socil
scic:ccs I|is is so |ccusc it :ivilcgcs siuulc:uu oi su|ltc:: cxc:ic:cc :c
voicc t|t is w|t :lo uc:s |, t|c gi:o su||ctivo oi t|c titlc Alt|oug| t|t
T HE NE OCONS E RV AT I V E T URN I N . . . CUL T URAL CRI T I CI S M 7 3
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:ivilcgi:g is co:c, usull,, i: t|c i:tc:csts oi solic:it, :c |uu: :ig|ts i:ititivcs
io: cxulc, Nunca Mas o: t|c \c:cs cc l llz cc \,o:lo iccls t|t it is
:coxicll, coulicit wit| t|c u:|ct, :c i: :ticul: wit| t|c is|io: io:
co:icssio:l o: uto|iog:|icl :::tivcs ;oitc: oi lu st:s o: so:ts gu:cs, i: t|c
ucci lt is luost s ii tcstiuo:io, i:stcc oi |ci:g t|c :cco:c oi t|c victius oi
:coli|c:lisu :c t t|c suc tiuc io:u oi gc:c, ci:cctcc gi:st it, wc:c itscli
:ocuct oi :coli|c:lisu, |i:c oi :ic|c u:|ct kclit, |ow oi |uu: suiic:i:g
I|oug| :lo cocs :ot t|c u t|c wicc ::gi:g ciscussio: cc|tc ovc:
tcstiuo:io i: t|c D cccu, i: t|c -0s, |c: |oo| uig|t |c scc: i: souc w,s s
uo:c |iloso|icl vc:sio: oi |oo| l |vc l:cc, |c occsio: to uc:tio: |c:c
Dvic tolls Rigoberta Menchu and the Story of All Poor Guatemalans li|c toll, :lo is
co:cc::cc |ot| wit| |ow tcstiuo:io c:occs st:c:cs oi ciscili::, ut|o:it, :c
|ou:c:ics, :c |ow it c:gc:cc:s :cw io:u oi su||cctivc olitics solic:it,
olitics, iou:ccc o: cut|,, :c icc:tit, olitics, iou:ccc o: t|c c:so:l c:cctio:
oi loss o: i:|usticc i: o:cs ow: :cil, ct|:ic, clss, o: gc:cc: icc:tit, l: |is :guuc:t
gi:st t|c ut|o:it, oi \c:c|us tcstiuo:io, toll cliucc, io: cxulc, t|t . . . it
ws i: t|c :uc oi uulticultu:lisu t|t kigo|c:t \c:c|u c:tc:cc t|c u:ivc:sit,
:cci:g lists ;!+!, D:cc: t|c i:uc:cc oi ostuocc::isu ;w|ic| |s u:cc:ui:cc
co:cc:cc i: si:glc sct oi icts,, :c icc:tit, olitics ;w|ic| ccu:cs ccct:cc oi
clius oi victiu|ooc,, sc|ol:s :c i:c:csi:gl, |csit:t to c|llc:gc cc:ti: |i:cs oi
:|cto:ic ;!++, I|c icc:tit, :cccs oi kigo|c:ts cccuic co:stituc:c, l, i:to t|c
wc|:css oi t|c :ulcs oi cvicc:cc i: ostuocc:: sc|ol:s|i ;!+,
:lo siuil:l, ttc|s w|t s|c sccs s t|c scuco iuuccic, :c ut|c:ticit, oi
tcstiuo:il voicc, co:t:sti:g it to w|t s|c clls l |uc: |isto:i cccuicjgooc
cccuic |isto:, ;1o, I|c ut|o:it, oi |isto:, |s |cc: c:occc |, t|c u:|ct :c
ucci ouo l ciuc:sio: siu|olic cc ls sociccccs c: quc viviuos cst o:g:izc
o: cl uc:cco, los c:itc:ios so: cl cxito , l ucst c: l :c co: cl sc:tico couu: cc
los co:suuico:cs l: cs couctc:ci, l |isto:i cccuic ic:cc o: :zo:cs cc
uctoco, c:o tu|ic: o: sus :ois :cst:iccio:cs io:ulcs c i:stitucio:lcs . . . jAs
t|c s,u|olic ciuc:sio: oi t|c socictics i: w|ic| wc livc is o:g:iscc |, t|c u:|ct, t|c
c:itc:i :c succcss :c illi:g i: li:c wit| t|c couuo: sc:sc oi co:suuc:s l: t|is
couctitio:, cccuic |isto:, loscs io: :cso:s oi uct|oc, |ut lso |ccusc oi its ow:
io:ul :c i:stitutio:l :cst:ictio:s ;1, l: t|c lcc oi c:iticl o: ciscili::,
t|oug|t, wc :ow |vc :zo: ccl su|cto j:cso: oi t|c su||cct I|c gi:o su||ctivo
is i: tu:: co::cctcc to t|c :cstigc oi icc:tit, s ctcgo:, :c icc:tit, olitics s
io:u oi oliticl gc:c, A los cou|tcs o: l |isto:i tu|ic: sc los llu |o:
cou|tcs o: l icc:ticc, jou|ts ovc: |isto:, :c :ow lso cllcc cou|ts ovc:
icc:tit, :lo o|sc:vcs sco::iull, ;!,
I|c ciicct oi t|c gi:o su||ctivo is to cst|lis| |cgcuo: uo:l t|t uust |c
:o|lcutizcc, :lo |clicvcs, i: t|c :uc oi uo:c clc: |cccc sc:sc oi |ot|
c:itiquc :c olitics Dcl lco cc l ucuo:i, s|c w:itcs, cc|oi:g toll wit|out
:clizi:g it, uc :ccc ccscu|:i: l usc:ci cc l osi|ilicc cc ciscusio: , cc
co:i:o:tcio: c: tic, :sgos quc cc:i: : l tc:cc:ci iuo:c: u: visio: ccl sco
jl:ou t|c sicc oi ucuo:,, it sccus to uc to ciscovc: t|c |sc:cc oi t|c ossi|ilit, oi
ciscussio: :c c:iticl co:i:o:ttio:, ictu:cs t|t woulc cc:c t|c tc:cc:c, to iuosc
visio: oi t|c st ;., D: uto :cvolucio::i c:gc cc iccs j:lo is
:cic::i:g to t|c :cvolutio::, ctivisu oi t|c c:l, 0s i: A:gc:ti: :cci|c u: t:to
L AT I N AME RI CAN CUL T URAL S T UDI E S 7 4
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i:|usto si sc l :csc:t solo couo iu:cuc:tluc:tc u: c:u osuocc::o cc los
icctos jA :cvolutio::, utoi c|:gcc wit| iccs gcts : u:|ust t:ctuc:t ii it is
:csc:tcc s iu:cuc:tll, ostuocc:: c:u oi t|c cuotio:siiccts ;-1,
Agi:st tcstiuo:io :c its vc:sio: i:gc:u , :clist cc l cxc:ic:ci j: vc :c
:clist vc:sio: oi cxc:ic:cc ;1o!,, :lo :ivilcgcs t|:cc ccou:ts |, victius oi t|c
l:occso :c is Alici l:t:o,s quictl, vivic collcctio: oi s|o:t sto:ics o: vig:cttcs
|scc o: |c: ow: cxc:ic:cc s oliticl :iso:c:, The Little School I|c ot|c: two :c
i:ou t|c socil scic:ccs lil: lvci:os Poder y desaparicion. Los campos de concentracion
en Argentina jlowc: :c Disc::cc I|c o:cc:t:tio: us i: A:gc:ti: :c
luilio cc l

ols css, l |cu| :lo :iscs l:t:o, io: |c: t::sio:utio: oi |c:
ow: c:so:l cxc:ic:cc ;l:t:o, ws iu:iso:cc :c to:tu:cc i: t|c sc|ool s|c
ccsc:i|cs i: |c: |oo|, i:to wo:| oi litc:tu:c t|t sc|s to t|c gc:c:l, s|:cc :tu:c
oi t|c situtio: oi cisc::cc :c to:tu:c, :t|c: t|: to |c: ow: cxc:ic:cc :o
csuluc:tc, The Little School cuicz co: cl :clto cc l ctu: cc l:t:o, co:tco c:
tc:cc: c:so:, cc uoco quc l icc:ticcio: cst uccic o: u: :i:ciio cc
cist:ci jlt is :o coi:cicc:cc t|t The Little School |cgi:s wit| t|c sto:, oi l:t:o,s
ctu:c, :ccou:tcc i: t|c t|i:c c:so:, so t|t icc:tictio: is uccitcc |, :i:cilc
oi cist:cc ;1, lot| lvci:o :c l

ol :c socil scic:tists w|o, li|c l:t:o,, wc:c

to:tu:cc :c iu:iso:cc cu:i:g t|c l:occso lut, lso li|c l:t:o,, i: w:iti:g |out
t|t cxc:ic:cc :o :ivilcgi: l :iuc: c:so: ccl :clto j . . . l cxc:ic:ci cs
souctic u: co:t:ol cistcuologico quc, o: suucsto, :o su:gc cc cll si:o cc ls
:cgls ccl :tc quc :ctic: l |isto:i , ls cic:cis socilcs jI|c, co :ot :ivilcgc t|c
:st c:so: oi t|c ccou:t j . . . cxc:ic:cc is su||cct to : cistcuologicl co:t:ol t|t
oi cou:sc cocs :ot cuc:gc i:ou it |ut i:ou t|c :ulcs oi :t t|t |isto:, :c t|c socil
scic:ccs :cticc ;-o, jAu|os csc:i|c: co: u: s|c: ciscili::io, t:t:co cc
tc:c:sc ls co:cicio:cs uctocologics cc csc s|c: jlot| w:itc wit| ciscili::,
|:owlccgc, t:,i:g to |icc |, t|c uct|ocologicl co:citio:s oi t|t |:owlccgc ;-,
o: cl |o::uic:to cc l :iuc: c:so:, l o|: cc lvci:o :o |usc lcgtiuicc :i
c:susio: c: :zo:cs |iog:cs, si:o i:tclcctulcs jWit| t|c c:su:c oi t|c :st
c:so:, lvci:os wo:| cocs :ot loo| io: lcgitiuc, o: c:susivc:css i: |iog:|icl
:cso:s |ut i: i:tcllcctul o:cs ;11.,
I|c st:o:g |i::, |ctwcc: :zo:cs |iog:cs :c i:tclcctulcs i: t|is lst
sttcuc:t is :ot|lc, :c |ct:,s siuil: tc:cc:c, t|:oug|out t|c |oo| :lo |s to
cuit t|t i: t|c csc oi lvci:o, :o||lcuc:tc cl li|:o :o |u|ic: sico csc:ito si :o
|u|ic:: cxistico :zo:cs |iog:cs j:o||l, t|c |oo| woulc :ot |vc |cc: w:ittc:
|c t|c:c :ot |cc: |iog:|icl :cso:s ;11., o w|, is s|c so i:sistc:t o: s,i:g
t|t t|c:c c::ot |c : i:tcllcctul o: cst|ctic ciuc:sio: to tcstiuo:il o:
uto|iog:|icl :::tivc, o:, vicc vc:s, t|t :zo:cs i:tclcctulcs c::ot |vc
|iog:|icl o: cxc:ic:til ciuc:sio: low woulc s|c :oosc to cisti:guis|
|ctwcc:, s,, Augusti:cs Confessions :c Me llamo Rigoberta Menchu, y asi me nacio la
conciencia, o: lcgcl :c lic:|cg:c
1!
I|oug| :lo cocs :ot u|c t|c oi:t i: so u:, wo:cs i: Tiempo pasado, t|c
tc:cc:c, to iuosc t|:oug| logic oi icc:tictio: o: cut|, visio: oi t|c st
iuo:c: u: visio: ccl sco is lso w|t co:cc::s |c: i: |c: :ccc:t |ou::list
w:iti:g i: t|c A:gc:ti:c :css |out w|t s|c iccls :c t|c scuiut|o:it:i: olitics oi
t|c :cooulist lcit i: lti: Auc:ic, i:cluci:g csccill, io: |c: li:c|:c:
1+
|c |c
so|c: |cio:c oi : izquic:c tcstiuo:il, quc sc :ciugic c: l :c:ucio: uo:lio:ul
T HE NE OCONS E RV AT I V E T URN I N . . . CUL T URAL CRI T I CI S M 7 5
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cc sus vlo:cs,jtcstiuo:il lcit, t|t woulc t|c :ciugc i: t|c uo:lio:ul :cssc:tio:
oi its vlucs oosi:g to it oliticl lcit t|t woulc lso |c i: lli:cc wit| : :ti
uiuctic, cssc:till, \occ::ist, cultu:l lcit c: cc izquic:c |o, cs i:tc:vc:i: c: cl
cscio u|lico , c: l ol tic :ciut:co los ctos cc uiucsis quc so: ctos cc
coulicicc o cc :csig:cio:jIo |clo:g to t|c lcit toc, is to i:tc:vc:c i: u|lic scc
:c i: olitics :c|ccti:g t|c cts oi uiucsis t|t :c cts oi coulicit, o:
:csig:tio:
1.
I|c gi:o su||ctivo oi tcstiuo:io w|ic| its cu|sis o: iicct ovc:
c:iticl t|co:,, cut|, ovc: :l,sis, is i: t|t sc:sc t|c co:oll:, oi oliticl :co
oulisu io: |c: lc cultu:l :cticc t|c gi:o su||ctivo lccs to |c olitics ;io:
|c:, li:c|:c:, :c :csuu|l, :ow |is wiic too :c |c olitics, lt is |cst to lcvc
|ot| i: t|c |:cs oi cxc:ts
l co:t uc: to |ouogc:izc t|c oliticl o: c:iticl st:ccs oi t|csc t|:cc ut|o:s
l u su:c t|c, woulc |c t|c :st to i:cictc oi:ts oi civc:gc:cc uo:g t|cusclvcs
lut l t|i:| wc c: scc scvc:l s|:cc t|cucs :u::i:g t|:oug| t|ci: :guuc:ts, t lcst
s l |vc :csc:tcc t|cu |c:c
li:st is :c|cctio: oi t|c ut|o:it, oi su|ltc:: voicc :c cxc:ic:cc, :c :
cxt:cuc cisstisictio: wit| o: s|cticisu |out uulticultu:lisu ;o: to usc t|c
tc:u :cic::cc i: lti: Auc:ic: ciscussio:s interculturalidad, :c icc:tit, olitics
l: :ticul:, t|c :otio: oi uulticultu:l |isto:icl |loc, siuil: to t|t
:c:csc:tcc i: t|c D:itcc ttcs |, t|c icc oi t|c ki:|ow olitio: i: t|c 0s is
:c|cctcc o: :o|lcutizcc
cco:c, t|c:c ccic:sc oi t|c w:itc:c:itic o: t:citio:l i:tcllcctul, :c oi |is o:
|c: :cu|lic:civic iu:ctio: kcltcc to t|is ccic:sc is sc:sc i: ll t|:cc w:itc:s
oi |clo:gi:g to gc:c:tio: oi t|c lcit t|t ut itscli t co:sicc:|lc :is| cu:i:g
ciicult c:ioc i: cc| oi t|ci: :cscctivc cou:t:ics, |ut t|t is :ow uicclc gcc
:c i: t|c :occss oi |ci:g cislccc |, :cw oliticl io:ccs :c cto:s o: t|c lcit
kt|c: t|: scc|i:g icc:tictio: wit| t|csc :cw cto:s, w|o uo:c oitc: t|: :ot
co :ot couc i:ou t|c i:tclligc:tsi :c cit|c: co :ot s|:c o: oc:l, qucstio: its
vlucs, :lo :c \o:lcs i: :ticul: scc t|cu, soucw|t u:gc:c:ousl,, s
illcgitiutc o: :ivc
1o
I|i:c, i: sitc oi t|ci: cxlicit o: iulicit :c|cctio: oi
icc:tit, olitics, t|c:c is :coxicl :ci:utio: i: ll t|:cc, oi lti:
Auc:ic: criollo su||cctivit, i: oositio: to w|t is scc: s t|c A:gloAuc:ic:
c|:ctc: oi ostuocc::ist o: ostcolo:il t|co:, I|is cu|sis, i: w|ic| t|c:c is
oi cou:sc lso : cssc:tilisu ;c|:owlccgcc |, \o:lcs, |ut :ot |, \o:: o:
:lo,, u|cs t|c :coco:sc:vtivc tu:: v:i:t oi w|t l |vc cllcc clscw|c:c
:co:iclisu t|c ssuutio: t|t t|c cultu:l icc:tit, :c vlucs oi lti: Auc:ic
:c |ou:c u i: souc csccill, sig:ic:t w, wit| its w:ittc: litc:tu:c
lou:t|, t|c:c is i: ll t|:cc :ot|lc iilu:c to couc to tu::s wit| w|t A: |l
Qui|:o |s cllcc t|c colo:ilit, oi owc: i: lti: Auc:ict|t is, t|c
c:sistc:cc oi cultu:lcco:ouicoliticl i:stitutio:s :c :cil :c gc:cc:
|ic::c|ics |scc o: colo:il io:us oi :ulc, lo:g itc: colo:il :ulc s suc| i: t|c
io:ul sc:sc |s sscc i:ou t|c scc:c
1
;\o:: :c \o:lcs :cgistc:
t|c :o|lcu oi colonialism, |ut scc it s o:c t|t |s |cc:, o: c: |c ovc:couc i:
t|c :tio:l c:ioc oi t|ci: :cscctivc cou:t:ics, I|is lccs i: tu:: to iilu:c
L AT I N AME RI CAN CUL T URAL S T UDI E S 7 6
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:ticul:l, st:i|i:g i: t|c csc oi \o:lcs, w|o coucs i:ou cou:t:, w|c:c ovc:
|li t|c oultio: is i:cigc:ous to :ccog:izc t|c io:us oi uto:ouous oliticl
:c cultu:l gc:c, ccvclocc |, socil uovcuc:ts li|c t|c i:cigc:ous
uovcuc:ts i: t|c A:ccs o: Gutcul, o: t|c wouc:s uovcuc:t gi:st io:us
oi colo:ilit, oi owc:
liit|, t|c:c is i: \o:lcs :c :lo : cxlicit cisvowl oi t|c :o|cct oi t|c :ucc
:cvolutio::, st:ugglc oi t|c o0s o: 0s, i: ivo: oi uo:c co:sicc:cc :c
cutious lcit, wit| t|c suggcstio: t|t siuil: c::o: is t t|c |c:t oi t|c :cw
olitics oi icc:tit, :c cut|, I|is i:volvcs : iulicit |iog:|icll, sccic ;s
:otcc, ll t|:cc w:itc:s :c i: ltc uicclc gc, :::tivc oi c:so:l cisillusio: o:
desengano, uuc| li|c t|t :c:csc:tcc |, t|c l:oquc ic:csquc ;l: souc w,s
t|c guerrillero arrepentido |s |ccouc t|c p caro oi co:tcuo::, lti: Auc:ic:
lcttc:s,
1
li:ll,, t|c:c is i: ll t|:cc, gi:st t|c cis:utio:s oi w|t :csto:
G:c :cli:i o:cc cllcc :ouc scic:ccs, :ctc::ito:iliztio: :c ccic:sc
oi t|c cccuic ciscili:cs l: t|c csc oi litc:tu:c :c litc::, stucics i:
:ticul:, t|is c:tils : i:utio: oi t|c c:o: :c c:o:icit, ;vluc, io:
:lo, lo:gcs io: \o::, Astu:is io: \o:lcs,, :ot so uuc| s :cosito:, oi :
:io:i cultu:l vluc, |ut s souct|i:g t|t |s t|c cct| :c co:sistc:c, to |c
usciull, i:tc:::ogtcc |, :cw gc:c:tio:s
I|is lst is c:ucil oi:t, |ccusc t|c :coco:sc:vtivc tu:: i: lti: Auc:ic
c:iticisu, li|c t|c D :coco:sc:vtivcs i: t|c socllcc cultu:c w:s, lso u|cs
litc:tu:c :c co:sicc:tio:s oi litc::, :c cst|ctic vluc cc:t:l co:cc::, :t|c: t|:
souct|i:g t|t is sulcuc:t:, o: scco:c:, :lo is csccill, cloquc:t i: t|is :cg:c t
t|c c:c oi |c: |oo| l litc:tu:, o: suucsto, :o cisuclvc tocos los :o|lcus
l:tccos, :i uccc cxlic:los, c:o c: cll u: :::co: sicu:c ic:s desde fuera cc l
cxc:ic:ci, couo s los |uu:os ucic:: occ::sc cc l cscill , :o solo cccc:l
jlitc:tu:c, oi cou:sc, cocs :ot cissolvc ll t|c :o|lcus t|t |vc |cc: oscc, :o: c:
cxli: t|cu, |ut wit|i: it :::to: lw,s sc|s from outside cxc:ic:cc, s t|oug|
|uu: |ci:gs coulc t|c co:t:ol oi t|c :ig|tu:c :c :ot |ust suiic: it ;1oo, lut ll
t|:cc tcxts, :ot |ust :los, :c ccic:ccs oi litc:tu:c, iucc t olici:g t|c i:o:tic:s oi
w|t is c:uissi|lc :c w|t is :ot wit|i: t|c clc oi cccuic lti: Auc:ic: litc::, :c
cultu:l c:iticisu, t uouc:t i: w|ic| u:, oi its iou:ctio:l ssuutio:s, i:cluci:g
t|c icc oi lti: Auc:ic itscli,
1-
|vc couc u:cc: qucstio: i:ou wit|i: :c wit|out
:c c: :guc oi cou:sc t|t l u ovc:stti:g t|c csc :c t|t t|c |i:c oi c:iticl
oc:tio: :c:csc:tcc |, t|csc t|:cc tcxts is souct|i:g quitc ciiic:c:t t|:
:coco:sc:vtisu oi t|c so:t csouscc |, gu:cs li|c uucl lu:ti:gto:, All: lloou,
o: Di:cs| Douz i: t|c D cultu:c w:s, io: cxulc, o: ctvio lz ;i: |is ltc
c:ioc, i: lti: Auc:ic All t|:cc w:itc:s still co:sicc: t|cusclvcs c:so:s oi t|c lcit,
:c t|i:| oi t|ci: ositio:s s :cciscl, s defence oi t|c lcit lcit :ootcc i: t|c iccs oi
|uu: :og:css, cu:citio:, t|c :tio:, :cso:, scic:cc, :c sccul:isu, lcit t|t is
:ot i:ic to s| :cicl, st:uctu:l qucstio:s |out t|c :tu:c oi t|c sttc :c socict,,
gi:st ostuocc::ist :cltivisu :c t|c wc| uulticultu:lisu oi icc:tit, olitics
lut, w|ilc u, ow: ositio: is :ot : c:ti:cl, cisi:tc:cstcc o:c ;u:, oi t|c c:iticl
oi:ts ucc |, \o:lcs, \o::, :c :lo c:ti: ci:cctl, o: i:ci:cctl, to u, ow:
wo:|,, l co:t t|i:| l u ovc:stti:g t|c csc l u t:,i:g to ctu:c tc:cc:c, t|t is
T HE NE OCONS E RV AT I V E T URN I N . . . CUL T URAL CRI T I CI S M 7 7
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cuc:gi:g, |ut t|t |s :ot |ccouc iull, co:scious oi itscli s suc| ,ct, :c u, uovc i:
scvc:l ciiic:c:t w,s ;:o: co l uc: to :cccss:il, co:tc t|c ositio:s oi \o:lcs,
\o::, :c :lo, w|ic| |vc sig:ic:t oi:ts oi ciiic:c:cc, \, gucss is t|t w|t l
u clli:g t|c :coco:sc:vtivc tu:: will :cui: tc:cc:c, within t|c lti: Auc:ic:
lcit, |icci:g to i:uc:cc i: : ut|o:ittivc w, its gols :c liuits ;l will touc| uo:c o:
t|t :oscct |clow, I|t is, it will |c, li|c D:icl lclls ositio: lluccc to c:lic:,
co:sc:vtivc i: cultu:l uttc:s |ut li|c:l i: oliticl :c cco:ouic o:cs lut it is
lso ossi|lc t|t, s t|c oliticl situtio: i: lti: Auc:ic itscli |ccoucs uo:c
ol:izcc, t|c :coco:sc:vtivc tu:: u, uovc to lig: itscli oliticll, wit|
co:sc:vtivc o: cc:tc::ig|t ositio:, s |c:cc wit| t|c :cw Yo:| l:tcllcctuls i:
t|c D :c wit| t|c socllcc :cw l|iloso|c:s :c gu:cs li|c t|c |isto:i: l::cois
lu:ct i: l::cc i: t|c w|c oi \, o I|c cxulcs oi o:gc st:cc i: \cxico o:
lliz|ct| lu:gos i: Vc:czucl :c suggcstivc oi t|is ossi|lc outcouc, l t|i:|
I|c cc:il oi t|c ossi|ilit, oi t::s:tio:l solic:it, i: \o:: :c \o:lcs is
|ovc ll cc:il oi t|c |ilit, oi t|c g:i:go o: :o:lti: Auc:ic: to u:cc:st:c :c
:c:csc:t lti: Auc:ic l: situtio: w|c:c |ot| lti: Auc:ics st :c iutu:c
i:volvc co:i:o:ttio: wit| t|c owc: oi t|c D:itcc ttcs t ll lcvcls, t|t is ii:
c:oug| lut t|c:c is lso, cxlicitl, i: :lo :c \o:lcs :c iulicitl, i: \o::,
cc:il oi t|c ossi|ilit, oi solic:it, |ctwcc: g:ous oi ciiic:c:t ct|:ic, cultu:l, socil
:c li:guistic io:utio: within t|c co::cs oi givc: lti: Auc:ic: :tio:sttc o:
c:oss :tio:l |o:cc:s i: lti: Auc:ic s :cgio: Yct solic:it, olitics :c |uu:
:ig|ts uo|iliztio:s :c uo:g t|c uost ciicctivc io:us colcs uovcuc:ts |vc
cl|o:tcc |ot| locll, :c glo|ll, gi:st t|c io:cc oi glo|liztio: :c :c:cssivc o:
:c|:o:istic locl sttcs A:c t|c icc oi oliticl uovcuc:t o: i:o:t, |scc o:
lli:cc olitics :t|c: t|: sccic :t,, is cssc:til i: u:, oi t|c :cw oulist
cc:tc:lcit govc::uc:ts, s l::csto lclu |s c|:ctc:izcc t|cu, t|t |vc couc to
owc: i: lti: Auc:ic :ccc:tl,
!0
W|ilc l co :ot i:tc:c |, :, uc:s to io:cclosc
cc|tc :c ciscussio: wit|i: t|c lcit, o: |out t|c lcit, it sccus to uc t|t t|c:c is
iulicit i: t|c :coco:sc:vtivc tu:: souct|i:g li|c t|c c::icious cisti:ctio: |ctwcc:
t|c :cscct|lc lcit :c t|c oulist lcit l u:c oulist,s t|c :is| :ig|t
wi:g olitici: Az:: li|cs to cll it i: ot|c: wo:cs, lc|clct, I|:c, :c lul ;ii |c
co:ti:ucs to |c|vc |iuscli, vc:sus cvc:, o:c clsc, csccill, |vcz, |ut lso locz
|:co:, li:c|:c:, \o:lcs, o::c, t|c :ci:ists, t|c u|:s . . . l: |ilc o:
l:zil, t|c :cscct|lc lcit is i: owc: lut i: A:gc:ti:, lolivi, o: Vc:czucl, it
souctiucs io:us :t oi t|c oositio: to t|c govc::uc:ts oi t|c lcit i: owc:
lt gocs wit|out s,i:g t|t t|is cisti:ctio:, w|ic| :cclls st:o:gl, t|c c:itiquc i: t|c
c:l, 0s oi t|c :o:t| Auc:ic: :cw lcit, i:cluci:g icui:isu :c |lc| :tio:lisu,
|, souc oi t|c gu:cs w|o wc:c to |ccouc t|c :coco:sc:vtivcs, |s t|c otc:til to
slit t|c lti: Auc:ic: lcit :c i:|i|it its cuc:gi:g |cgcuo:ic io:cc t |ot| t|c
:tio:l :c t|c co:ti:c:tl lcvcls lt is cisti:ctio: t|t uo:c oitc: t|: :ot, s i: t|c
csc oi Az::, is i:vo|cc |, t|c kig|t, usull, |, :isi:g t|c scctc: oi |vcz ;io:
cxulc, i: t|c :csicc:til clcctio:s i: lcuco: lst ,c:, lo: t|t :cso:, it is :ot
cisti:ctio: t|t lul, I|:c, o: lc|clct, u:cc:st:ci:g t|t t|c lti: Auc:ic: lcit is
itscli lso :cccss:il, diverse :c :cccs to wo:| togct|c:, i:sist o: t|cusclvcs
W|c:c cocs t|c iuulsc |c|i:c t|c :coco:sc:vtivc tu:: couc i:ou lct uc :is|
cxcccci:g t|c |ou:c:ics oi u, ow: ciscili::, couctc:cc to suggcst t|t it coulc
L AT I N AME RI CAN CUL T URAL S T UDI E S 7 8
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|c scc: s suc:st:uctu:l ciicct oi two ccvclouc:ts :cltcc st:uctu:ll, to t|c
cu::c:t stgc oi citlisu :c its iuct o: lti: Auc:ic
;1, t|c c:isis oi cc:ti: sccto:s oi t|c lti: Auc:ic: uicclc :c uc: clss,
i:cluci:g t|c i:tclligc:tsi, iicctcc i: co:t:cicto:, w,s |, :coli|c:l st:uctu:l
c|ustuc:t olicics, t|c wc|c:i:g oi sttc suo:t io: |ig|c: ccuctio: ;:c io:
ccuctio: gc:c:ll,,, :c t|c s:cc oi couuc:cilizcc uss cultu:c
!1
;!, t|c :ccc:t wc|c:i:g oi t|c |cgcuo:, oi :coli|c:lisu itscli
:coli|c:l iccolog, is i:c:csi:gl, scc: i: lti: Auc:ic :c clscw|c:c s
i:suicic:t i: itscli to gu::tcc govc::|ilit, I|c co:scquc:ccs oi :coli|c:l cco:ouic
olicics :ocucc lcgitiutio: c:isis oi |ot| t|c sttc :c t|c iccologicl :tuscs,
i:cluci:g t|c sc|ool, uuscuus, t|c iuil,, :cligious i:stitutio:s, :c t|c t:citio:l
s,stcu oi oliticl :tics I|c i:|c:c:t li|c:t:i:isu iulicit i: t|c :tio:l c|oicc
uoccl oi cccisio: u|i:g is u:|lc to sc:vc s |sis io: iuosi:g o: oultio:s
:o:utivc st:uctu:c oi vlucs :c cxccttio:s At t|c suc tiuc, t|c cou|i:tio: oi
:ivtiztio: :c t|c s:cc oi couuc:cilizcc glo|l uss cultu:c ccst|ilizcs t|c
cultu:l ut|o:it, oi :cvious s,stcuoi :o:us, st:c:cs, :c |ic::c|ics, :c t|:ctc:s
t|c cco:ouic wcll |ci:g oi sccto:s oi t|c uc: :c :oicssio:l uicclc clsscs t|t
litc::, i:tcllcctuls, w|tcvc: t|ci: sttcc iccologics, tc:c to couc i:ou :c :c:csc:t
lvc:,o:c |s couc to u:cc:st:cs|i ssc: is c:|s t|c uost i:uc:til
t|co:ist oi t|is
!!
t|t glo|l citlisu still requires t|c :tio: sttc i: souc w,s to
|cc oultio:s i: li:c, to c:su:c govc::|ilit,, to iuosc :c ui:ti: civil o:cc:,
:otcct i:vcstuc:ts :c :ivtc :oc:t,, :c i:still scliciscili:cc c|:ctc:
st:uctu:c c|lc oi osto:i:g iuuccitc g:tictio: i: t|c cxccttio: oi cvc:tul
:cw:c ;t|c :tio: sttc is li|c t|c :ovc:|il :cig||o:|ooc oliccu: i:
glo|liztio:, I|c :coco:sc:vtivc tu:: oiic:s itscli, i: ciicct, s :cw iccolog, oi
:oicssio:lisu :c ciscili::it,, cc:tc:cc o: t|c s|c:c oi t|c |uu:itics, w|ic|
wc:c :ticul:l, ccvlucc :c cugcc |, :coli|c:l :cio:us i: ccuctio:, :
iccolog, iulcuc:tcc |, :c t|:oug| t|c sttc :c t|c sttc iccologicl :tuscs to
cou:tc: t|c lcgitiutio: c:isis :ovo|cc |, :coli|c:lisu
li t|is |,ot|csis is co::cct, :c l cu|sizc its tc:ttivc c|:ctc:, t|c: t|c
:coco:sc:vtivc tu:: i: lti: Auc:ic: c:iticisu coulc |c scc: s : ttcut |,
uicclc :c uc: uicclc clss, u:ivc:sit,ccuctcc, :c cssc:till, w|itc, c:iollo
lci:o i:tclligc:tsi to :cctu:c t|c scc oi cultu:l :c |c:uc:cutic ut|o:it, i:ou
two io:ccs t|t :c lso t|cusclvcs i: co:tc:tio: wit| cc| ot|c: 1, o: t|c o:c |:c,
t|c |cgcuo:, oi :coli|c:lisu :c w|t :c scc: s t|c :cgtivc co:scquc:ccs oi t|c
u:co:t:ollcc o: u:uccitcc io:cc oi t|c u:|ct :c couuc:cilizcc uss cultu:c, !,
o: t|c ot|c: |:c, socil uovcuc:ts :c oliticl io:utio:s |scc i: icc:tit, olitics
o: oulisus oi v:ious so:ts, w|ic| i:volvc :cw oliticl :c cultu:l cto:s :o
lo:gc: :cccss:il, |c|olcc: to t|c oliticl o: st:tcgic lccc:s|i oi u:ivc:sit,
ccuctcc, ct|:icll, lu:oc: o: ucstizo i:tclligc:tsi
I|c ciscili::, uoccst, oi t|c c:itiquc oiic:cc i: t|csc t|:cc cscs, w|ic| liuit
t|cusclvcs to t|c cccuic s|c:c oi litc::, :c cultu:l c:iticisu, s|oulc :ot co:ccl
t|ci: wicc: u|itio:s :c iulictio:s \o:c o: lcss co:sciousl,, :c wit| :ot|lc
i:tcllcctul :igo: :c cloquc:cc, t|c, cclo, cou|lc st:tcg, oi i:tc:clltio: 1, :
cl to i:ctio:s oi t|c |ou:gcoisic :c :oicssio:l clsscs io: :cw io:u oi cultu:l
|cgcuo:,, u:cc:stooc i: G:uscis sc:sc oi t|c uo:l i:tcllcctul lccc:s|i oi t|c
T HE NE OCONS E RV AT I V E T URN I N . . . CUL T URAL CRI T I CI S M 7 9
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:tio:, w|ic| i:co:o:tcs t|ci: ow: ciscili::, st:c:cs oi :oicssio:lisu :c
scciliztio:, :c, !, t t|c suc tiuc : ttcut to :ccc:c ;:c co::c, t|c :cwl,
cuc:gc:t :o|cct oi t|c lti: Auc:ic: lcit, :ou:is|cc i:ou |clow |, vc:,
|ctc:ogc:cous oul:su|ltc::, :c :o:c:iollo o: :o:ucstizo cto:s, wit|i:
:uctc:s t|t co:ti:uc to |c coui:tcc |, t|c i:tclligc:tsi :c t|c :oicssio:l clsscs
lot| \o:: :c :lo i:vo|c :ctu:: to lo:gcs ;:c \o:lcs oiic:s
:c||ilittio: oi Astu:is, w|ic| uou:ts io: ou: :csc:t u:oscs to t|c suc t|i:g,
t|t is, ccic:sc oi litc:tu:c, lo:gcs, oi cou:sc, |s :cvc: c:ti:cl, cisc:cc i:ou
t|c |o:izo: oi lti: Auc:ic: litc::, c:iticisu I|c :cso:s io: t|is :c :ot |:c to
ciscc:: lo:gcs :cui:s i: |is cisillusio:cc lucicit, :c |is ccit, io: litc::,
i:vc:tio: c:|s t|c uost i:tc:csti:g lti: Auc:ic: i:tcllcctul oi t|c twc:tict|
cc:tu:, \o:covc:, t|t cisillusio:cc lucicit, sccucc to t wcll wit| t|c itc:ut| oi
t|c ccict oi t|c :cvolutio::, lcit :c t|c c:c oi : c: oi utoi: illusio:s lo:gcs
ow: c:c|:t io: i:||iti:g t|c |ou:c:, |ctwcc: scli :c ot|c:, :c:csc:ttio: :c
:clit,, tc::ito:, :c u u|cs |is ow: w:iti:g |i:c oi Alc| t|t llows us to :cc
i:to it, s \o:: cocs i: t|c css, ciscusscc |c:c, t|c |u::i:g issucs oi t|c c, t|c
t|c:, ccco:st:uctio:, ct|ics, tcstiuo:io, t|c su|ltc::, cultu:l :c ostcolo:il
stucics, t|c cilcctics oi c:i|c:l uocc::it,, t|c lc:|ui:i: illuui:tio: i:
lti: Auc:ic: |c, lut to :cc t|cu i:to lo:gcs, o: wit| lo:gcs is lso i: w, to
liuit t|osc issucs to lo:gcs t|t is, to t|c scc oi iugi:tivc litc:tu:c
l: t|is w,, t|c cl to lo:gcs :u:s t|c :is| oi |ccoui:g t|c gu:c io: t|c
:coco:sc:vtivc tu:: s suc|, i: t|c suc w, t|t I lliot ws io: tiuc i: A:glo
Auc:ic: c:iticisu W|t |c:s |c:c is |i:c oi litc::,t|co:cticl :cut:liztio: oi
t|c ctul io:cc oi t|c oul: clsscs :c g:ous t|t :c i: st:ugglc i: lti: Auc:ic
toc, As i: \o::s css,, t|c t|:ct oi su|ltc:: ot|c: otc:till, lct|l :c
usull, :cilizcc :csc:cc lw,s t t|c ccgcs oi lo:gcs sto:ics, s i: ll u:w|ic| is
:ll, t|:ct to cccc:tc: t|c oliticl :c cistcuologicl ut|o:it, oi t|c ciucc
lct:c s suc|, is c:ccllcc o: osto:cc, :c wc :ctu:: to t|c :ivtc :c cisillusio:cc,
|ut :ll, adequate co:soltio:s oi litc:tu:c :c l :oucs cc l |i|liotcc
lt is :ot t|t t|c cl to lo:gcs is i: itscli :cctio::, W|t is :o|lcutic
:t|c: is t|c iilu:c i: u|i:g t|t cl to :cgistc: ccqutcl, t|c co::cctio:
|ctwcc: lo:gcs cistcuologicl :c cst|ctic st:tcgics :c |is :cctio::, :c oitc:
:cist oliticl ositio:s
!!
l closc wit| t|c qucstio: oi lo:gcs, |ccusc l t|i:| t|t it is :ticul:l, ciicult
o:c io: us li|c c:v:tcs, lo:gcs is litc:tu:c, :c litc:tu:c is, :ll,, w|t wc co
Io w|t cxtc:t t|c: :c wc lso, i:civicull, :c collcctivcl,, i:vcstcc i: w|t l u
clli:g t|c :coco:sc:vtivc tu:: i: lti: Auc:ic: litc::, :c cultu:l c:iticisu I|is
is v:i:t oi t|c qucstio: t|t is t t|c |c:t oi t|c |:isti: Goscls W|ou co ,ou
sc:vc I|c :ticul: ciicult, oi t|c tiucs wc livc i: :c oi ou: ow: i:stitutio:l
loctio: :c lo,ltics is t|t it is csic: to s| t|is qucstio: t|: to :swc: it
Notes
1 \:io ko|c:to \o:lcs, La articulacion de las diferencias, o el s ndrome de Maximon Los
discursos literarios y pol ticos del debate intere tnico en Guatemala ;Gutcul it, llA,
1--, scco:c ccitio: Gutcul o:sucultu:, !00!, \|cl \o::, lo:gcs , ,o
L AT I N AME RI CAN CUL T URAL S T UDI E S 8 0
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l:iuc: :ccxio: so|:c ll ct:og:io, :st u|lis|cc i: Heterotrop as. Narrativas de
identidad y alteridad latinoamericana, :los u:cgui :c u: l|lo D|ovc ccs
;litts|u:g| llll, !00!,, l citc |c:c t|c vc:sio: i: \|cl \o::, Cr tica impura
;\c:ic l|c:ouc:ic:Vc:vuc:t, !00+, 10!1!! lct:iz :lo, Tiempo pasado.
Cultura de la memoria y giro subjetivo ;luc:os Ai:cs iglo XXl, !00., I|c collcctio:
ccitcc |, luil Volc|, Latin America Writes Back: Postmodernity in the Periphery ;:cw Yo:|
:c lo:co: koutlccgc, !00!, i:cluccs :uu|c: oi c:s t|t :c:csc:t sccts oi
w|t l u clli:g t|c :coco:sc:vtivc tu::, i:cluci:g Volc|s ow:
! W|ilc t|c :coco:sc:vtivc:coli|c:l cisti:ctio: is iuo:t:t io: u:cc:st:ci:g t|c
sccil c|:ctc: :c ci:cuust:ccs oi t|c lti: Auc:ic: tu::, w|ic| is cxlicitl,
:ti:coli|c:l :c :tiostuocc::ist, o:c s|oulc :ot u|c too uuc| oi it cit|c:
:coco:sc:vtisu is : iccolog, csccill, ci:cctcc t t|c sttc :c t|c sttc iccologicl
:tuscs, i:cluci:g ccuctio: lut :coli|c:lisu, ccsitc its :ctc:sc oi |ci:g :ti
sttist, lso :cqui:cs t|c sttc, :c cvc:, s i: t|c csc oi |ilc u:cc: li:oc|ct,
st:o:g sttc, uo:g ot|c: t|i:gs to iuosc :ivtiztio: :c st:uctu:l c|ustuc:t
olicics o: souctiucs :cluct:t oultio:s :c to :otcct :ivtc :oc:t, l:ou
co:sc:vtivc o: :cctio::, oi:t oi vicw, t|c iccl woulc |c :coli|c:l |cgcuo:, ovc:
cco:ouic olic, :c :coco:sc:vtivc |cgcuo:,, wit| st:o:g cu|sis o: cultu:l
:tio:lisu, ovc: cultu:l i:stitutio:s, i:cluci:g t|c sc|ool s,stcu l: t|is sc:sc, s i:
u:, ot|c:s, t|c li:oc|ct cictto:s|i |s sc:vcc s uoccl io: su|scquc:t :ig|twi:g
:cgiucs li|c I|tc|c:s o: G W lus|s : t|c :cltio:s|i |ctwcc: :coli|c:lisu
:c :coco:sc:vtisu, c|tc: !, I|c :coli|c:l ttc, oi Dvic l:vc,s A Brief
History of Neoliberalism ;xio:c :c :cw Yo:| xio:c D:ivc:sit, l:css, !00.,, is
usciul
! I|oug| t|c:c ws st:o:g :titli:ist, :c i:cquc:tl, I:ots|,ist st:i: uo:g t|c
:cw Yo:| l:tcllcctuls, t|c:c ws lso s|iit tow:cs :coco:sc:vtivc ositio: o: t|c
:t oi souc gu:cs ssocitcc wit| t|c D ouuu:ist l:t,, li|c t|c |isto:i: lugc:c
Gc:ovcsc, w|o s|:cc wit| t|c :cw Yo:| l:tcllcctuls viscc:l cisli|c oi t|c :cw
lcit :c o0s cou:tc:cultu:c
+ Dvic toll, Rigoberta Menchu and the Story of All Poor Guatemalans ;loulcc: Wcstvicw,
1---,
. As :ovclist :c css,ist i: t|c 0s :c 0s, \o:lcs ws closcl, icc:ticc wit| t|c
Gutcul: :cvolutio::, lcit, |is :st |oo| oi litc::, c:iticisu, La ideolog a de la lucha
armada, ws stuc, oi t|c oliticl oct:, oi t|c :ucc st:ugglc i: c:t:l Auc:ic lc
is lso t|c ut|o: oi : uto|iog:|icl :ovcl, o: w|t |c clls tcsti:ovcl, Los que se
fueron por la libre, |scc o: |is ow: cxc:ic:ccs s cc:c i: sull :cvolutio::, g:ou
t|t ws cvc:tull, cxcllcc i:ou t|c D:kG, t|c ui: coo:ci:ti:g o:g:iztio: oi
t|c :ucc st:ugglc i: Gutcul
o A:gcl ku, Transculturacion narrativa en America Latina ;\cxico iglo XXl, 1-!,
\o:lcs ;+!, :oviccs t|c cstiutc t|t |ctwcc: 100 :c !00 t|ous:c i:cigc:ous
colc wc:c |illcc i: Gutcul |ctwcc: 1-! :c 1-+, :c :ot|c: uillio:
cislccc i:ou t|ci: |oucs
\|cl \o::, ll boom ccl su|ltc::o, Revista de Cr tica Cultural 1+ ;1--, +.!
I|c c:lic: css, c|:gcs su|ltc:: stucics wit| c:iticl :cocxoticisu t|t :c:csc:ts
t|c lti: Auc:ic: su||cct s :ct|co:cticl, u:gi:l, :c cli|:csquc i: :cltio:
to uct:oolit: st:c:cs
- \o:: sccus u:w:c i: |c: cl to totlit, |c:c, w|ic| l t|c s cocc wo:c io:
\:xisu, t|t t|c g:ct cc:t:l scctio: oi voluuc 1 oi Capital, o: t|c t:ugglc ovc: t|c
T HE NE OCONS E RV AT I V E T URN I N . . . CUL T URAL CRI T I CI S M 8 1
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Wo:|i:g D,, is couoscc :cciscl, out oi u:, sull tcstiuo:il |isto:ics oi
wo:|c:s, st:i|cs, lcgl cls, ctc I|t is |ccusc \:x |clicvcc t|t t|c |isto:icl
uovcuc:t oi citl, w|ic| is |is t|co:cticl o||cct, is itscli t|c :ocuct oi su|ltc::
icc:tit,, will, :c gc:c,, :ot souct|i:g coulctcl, sc:tc i:ou t|osc t|i:gs
l|o: u|cs citl, i: ot|c: wo:cs
10 cc, io: cxulc, l:i: G:iiZivi: cc, Reading Otherwise. The Ethics of Latin American
Literary Criticism ;:cw Yo:| llg:vc \c\ill:, !00,
11 :c uig|t t|c issuc wit| t|c si:o i: \o::s |:sc, |owcvc:, |ccusc t|c:c is
:ot|i:g siulc |out i:vc:ti:g |i::, cssc:tilisus, :ticul:l, ii ,ou :c t t|c
|ottou c:c oi t|c i:
1! lct:iz :lo, los cstucios cultu:lcs c: l c:c:uci|c vlo:tiv, Revista de Critica
Cultural 1. ;1--, !!!
1! I|is is :ot siul, io: :lo qucstio: oi io:ul cl|o:tio: vc:sus u:uccitcc
cxc:ic:cc, |ccusc :lo is lso |:s| |out t|c |,c:io:ulizcc lu Los rubios |,
Al|c:ti: ::i, w|ic| ttcuts to :cco:st:uct t|c ci:ccto:s ucuo:, oi |c: :c:ts,
w|o wc:c cisc:cc w|c: s|c ws t|:cc ,c:s olc cu:i:g t|c l:occso :lo sccs
::is lu s t:ic|i:g i: ostucuo:, \:i::c li:sc|s icc oi t|c
:cco:st:uctio: |, c|ilc:c: oi su:vivo:s oi t:uutic cvc:ts li|c t|c lolocust oi t|c
ucuo:, oi t|t cvc:t i: t|ci: ow: livcs, cvc: t|oug| t|c, cic :ot cxc:ic:cc it
ci:cctl, t|cusclvcs :lo sccs ostucuo:, ;:c ::is lu, s iu:cuc:tll,
::cissistic co:st:uct cg, l i:cio: tco:ic cc l osucuo:i sc :ccucc s c: u:
lucc: cc |:licccs c:so:lcs lcgitiucs o: los :ucvos cc:cc|os cc l
su||ctivicc jI|c t|co:cticl i:tio: oi ostucuo:, is t|us :ccuccc to sto:c|ousc
oi c:so:l |:litics lcgitiutcc |, t|c :cw :ig|ts oi su||cctivit, ;1!+, |c sccus
u:w:c, |owcvc:, t|t si:cc ::i ws |c:scli ci:cctl, iicctcc |, t|c l:occso s
c|ilc, s s|c ccicts i: t|c lu, Los rubios is :ot st:ictl, sc|i:g ostucuo:, tcxt,
|ut |i:c oi tcstiuo:io l owc t|is i:sig|t to A: lo:ci:ito
1+ cc io: cxulc |c: occ coluu: o: li:c|:c: i: La Nacion, !! u:c, !00o \,
u:cc:st:ci:g is t|t :lo cic :ot suo:t t|c :ccc:t cuig: oi li:c|:c:s wiic to
succccc |iu i: t|c :csicc:c,
1. lct:iz :lo, o:t: l uiucsis, izquic:c cultu:l izquic:c ol tic, Revista de
Cr tica Cultural !0 ;!000, !!!!
1o A siuil: sc:sc oi cislccuc:t oi : olcc: lcit i:tclligc:tsi sccus to |c i:volvcc i:
t|c cccisio:s oi u:, :oui:c:t lcitwi:g Vc:czucl: i:tcllcctuls, li|c llis|ct|
lu:gos o: Icoco:o lct|oii, to icc:tii, u|licl, wit| t|c oositio: to |vcz, o: oi
u:, w:itc:s :c :tists io:uc:l, ssocitcc wit| t|c :ci:ists to lcvc t|c :t, :c
|oi: t|c clccto:l i:o:t o:g:izcc |, c:gio ku :cz iuil: cscs coulc |c iou:c i:
uost lti: Auc:ic: cou:t:ics toc,
1 cc cg A: |l Qui|:o, olo:ilit, oi lowc:, lu:occ:t:isu, :c lti: Auc:ic,
Nepantla: Views from the South 1! ;!000, .!!0
1 A:oos t|c :ucc st:ugglc, :lo :otcs oi:tccl, i: |c: occ coluu: ttc|i:g
li:c|:c: i: La Nacion uc:tio:cc i: : c:lic: :otc \uc|os s|cuos o: cxc:ic:ci
quc sc :cccsit:o: :os : :ouc: co: css co:viccio:cs . . . :o siulcuc:tc :
cc|:ls t:s o:quc iuc:o: cc::otcs, si:o o:quc sig:ic:o: u: cquivoccio:
j\:, oi us |:ow i:ou cxc:ic:cc t|t ,c:s :c :cccss:, to |:c| wit| t|osc
co:victio:s . . . :ot siul, to lcvc t|cu |c|i:c |ccusc t|c, wc:c ccictcc, |ut
|ccusc t|c, sig:ii, uist|c I|c:c is uuc| t|t coulc |c :c :cccs to |c sic |out
t|c :ucc st:ugglc, |ut it sccus to uc o:c t|i:g to :ccog:izc t|c souctiucs t:gicll,
L AT I N AME RI CAN CUL T URAL S T UDI E S 8 2
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|su:c illusio:s, c::o:s, :c utoi: i:tsics t|t ccou:icc t|is o: t|t io:u oi
:ucc st:ugglc, :c :ot|c: to siul, w:itc it oii s vst |isto:icl uist|c u:
cquivoccio: l t|i:| it woulc |c uo:c ccu:tc to s, t|t t|c st:tcg, oi :ucc
st:ugglc ws defeated i: w|t tu::cc out to |c, csccill, wit| t|c wc|c:i:g :c
cvc:tul collsc oi t|c ovict D:io:, : u:cqul cou|t wit| uuc| st:o:gc:
c:cu,, |ut t|t it uig|t |vc |cc: ossi|lc to wi:i:cccc, t|c:c wc:c t lcst two
:ot i:co:scquc:til victo:ics, u| :c :ic:gu, scvc:l :c: uisscs, i:cluci:g
Gutcul :c ll lvco:, :c oi cou:sc t|c o:goi:g civil w: i: olou|i I|c :cw
lti: Auc:ic: lcit, |owcvc: :guticll, o:ic:tcc it u, |c i: its :csc:t
i:c::tio::c l u cc:ti:l, :ot ooscc to :gutisu:cccs to :ccovc: i:
ositivc w, t|c |c:itgc oi both t|c :ucc st:ugglc :c Allc:ccs ccuoc:tic :outc
to socilisu, ii o:l, |ccusc t|c, :c:csc:tcc : iuo:t:t |sc oi uocc:: lti:
Auc:ic: |isto:,, :t|c: t|: siul, :c:ou:cc t|osc cxc:ic:ccs s ,out|iul
c::o:s . . .
1- cc, cg, A:tu:o A:co, Genesis de la idea y nombre de America Latina ;:cs
llAkG, 1--!,, :c Wltc: \ig:olo, The Idea of Latin America ;xio:c, Dl
llc|wcll, !00.,
!0 l::csto lclu, Dc:iv oulist , cc:t:oizquic:c lti:ouc:ic:, wwwo:
:co:giccologi!o0+o|tul
!1 lt is i:tc:csti:g to :otc i: t|t :cg:c t|t i: ssitc oi t|ci: ow: sttcc ciststc io:
icc:tit, olitics :c tcstiuo:io, t|c:c is |iog:|icl o: c:so:l ciuc:sio: i: cc|
oi t|csc t|:cc c:itics, i:cluci:g :lo
!! cc |c: :ccc:t Territory, Authority, Rights. From Medieval to Global Assemblages ;l:i:ccto:
l:i:ccto: D:ivc:sit, l:css, !00o,
!! : c:l, twc:tict| cc:tu:, \:xisu, t|c:c ws :ggi:g cc|tc ovc: w|ct|c: :ig|t
wi:g cistcuolog,t|c usul cul:its wc:c l:ti:isu o: ositivisucoulc cocxist
wit| lcit wi:g olitics I|c qucstio: oi lo:gcs uig|t |c scc: s t|c :cvc:sc oi t|is
|ow cocs lcit wi:g o: :oui:list cistcuolog, cocxist wit| :ig|t wi:g o:
co:sc:vtivc olitics I|t is oi cou:sc lso qucstio: |out t|c :tu:c oi t|c litc::,
l:oquc i: |ot| i: :c lti: Auc:ic
References
lcll, D:icl 1-o The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism :cw Yo:| lsic loo|s
Aco::o, I|coco: 1-0 Philosophy of Modern Music, t::s A::c \itc|cll :cw Yo:|
c|u:,
:lo, lct:iz 1-- los cstucios cultu:lcs c: l c:c:uci|c vlo:tiv Revista de Critica
Cultural 1. !!!
T HE NE OCONS E RV AT I V E T URN I N . . . CUL T URAL CRI T I CI S M 8 3
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