Present and Future Rubber

Production in Surat thani

Province

Dr. Suchart Choengthong

Prince of Songkla Universsity
Surat thani campus
Surat thani Province
 Rubber Economy in Surat

 Total area of Surat thani: 12,891.4 sq.km.

 Total agricultural land: 7,246 sq.km.
 Total rubber area in the province: 4,000 sq.km.
 Number one in rubber planting area in Thailand
 Domestic income from plant is the 1st in country.
 The biggest rubber exporting company situated in
Surat thani.
 Major Rubber Planting
Area in Thailand
Province Area Percent of
(ha) total
Surat thani 292,825.76 11.92
Songkhla 231,041.92 9.41
Nakon sitammarat 224,129.28 9.13
Trang 209,490.08 8.53
Yala 167,430.08 6.82
Naratiwas 160,725.12 6.54
Total area of Thailand 2,455,923.68 100.00
From : Rubber Research Institute of Thailand (2008)
 Rubber Factories in Surat thani
Province 2007
Type of Product Number Investment Fund
(factories) (Baht)
1. Rubber sheet, Skim,
Crepe, Concentrated latex
etc.
35 2,475,933,028
2. Glove, condom 3 514,200,000

From : Surat thani Industrial office

 Fruit crop planting areas (ha)

Year
type
2005 2006 2007
Rambutan 9,456.80 9,412.00 8,025.60
Durian 8,472.24 8,203.52 7,382.72
Mangosteen 3,340.32 3,330.88 3,227.36
Long gong 4,525.52 4,449.12 4,303.84
From : Surat thani Agriculture office
 Prices of Major Crops in Surat thani (Baht)
Price (baht/kilogram)

80
70
60
R u b b er
50
R am bu tan
40
D u rea n
30
M a n g g o st een
20
10
0 Y ea r

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

from : 8 Regional office of Agricultural
Changing from Rambutan
to Rubber
Changing from Rambutan
to Rubber
 Dothey make right
decision?
Economic analysis of
some cropping
systems in southern
Thailand
 Purpose of the study

 Identify and evaluate the relationship

between biological, ecological, social
and economic factors influencing the
use of existing cropping systems in
southern Thailand
 Objectives
 1) to identify and describe cropping
systems that are appropriate for the study
area
 2) to compare different cropping systems
based on financial analysis
 Hypotheses

 there are differences in financial returns

among various cropping systems
 The 5 cropping systems in
southern Thailand
(1) Multistory tree
garden - Jampadak and
Durian.
(5) Rubber
(2) Nutmeg-durian-
plantation
areca-langsat.
combination.

(4) Multistory tree

garden - Mangosteen (3) Coconut- cocoa
based
Multistory tree garden
Jampadak and Durain
(the J-D system)
Nutmeg-durian-areca-langsat
(the NDAL system)
Coconut and Cocoa
(the C-C system)
Mangosteen-based
(the M/B system)
Rubber plantation
combination
(the RP system)
 Methodology

 Data collection
- selection of study area based on existing
cropping systems from literature

- preliminary surveys

- on farm interviews using structured

questionnaires
 Collected data
 5 cropping systems
 125 farms
 Data collected :
- Village characteristics
- Farm/household characteristics
- household/head,
soil, farm,
farm operator, financial
and marketing characteristics
 Analysis summary

 Analysis of differences in farmer

characteristics and cropping systems
 Financial analysis of each cropping system
(net return and SEV)
 Soil Expectation Value
t t

n 1
Rn (1  i ) t  n  
n 1
Cn (1  i ) t  n
SEV 
(1  i ) t  1
Rn= returns in the n th year of the cropping cycle
Cn= costs in the n th year of the cropping cycle
i = interest rate expressed as a decimal percentage
n = year increment
t = life of the cropping cycle in years
Farmer household characteristics
J-D NDAL C-C M/B RB

Avg. age (yrs.) 49.9 57.9 60.6 60.7 54.7

Education (yrs.) 5.7 5.6 5.6 6.1 4.3
Member (# of people) 4.09 4.64 4.60 5.26 6.0
Member work on farm 4.6 4.3 3.9 3.4 3.9
(# of people)
Heads decision % 48.0 72.0 72.0 64.0 96.0
Use hired labor % 16.0 48.0 100.0 80.0 84.0
Bank for Agri % 32.0 8.0 64.0 40.0 44.0
Use ext. assist. % 72.0 60.0 88.0 8.0 100.0
 Soil characteristics
J-D NDAL C-C M/B RB

Soil series 25B, 62 38, 6, 5,7,13,26,26B,

34B, 38B 32B 34, 34B, 34C,
62 53C, 53E, 62
Slope (%) 2->20 >20 0-5 0-5 0->20
Erosion 15 18 0 0 8
Low erosion (hh) 14 2 0 0 4
Medium (hh) 1 1 0 0 4
High (hh) 0 15 0 0 0
 Farm characteristics
J-D NDAL C-C M/B RB

Avg. farm size (ha) 4.6 4.1 3.6 2.3 6.7

Owned rubber % 80.0 64.0 24.0 16.0 100.0
Avg. rubber area (ha) 2.1 1.1 2.8 3.9 4.9
n=20 n=16 n=6 n=4 n=25
No. of plot owned 4.5 2.3 1.9 2.6 3.1
No. of tree species 9.7 11.4 12.6 10.4 12.9
No. of trees per household 278.0 970.0 1829.0 299.0 205.0
Avg. max. tree age (yrs.) 78.5 93.8 44.3 110.8 56.1
 Farm operator characteristics
J-D NDAL C-C M/B RB

Self learning % 12.0 20.0 40.0 76.0 72.0

From parent % 40.0 28.0 2.0 0.0 0.0
Both self & parent 44.0 44.0 8.0 24.0 24.0
learning %
 Household income
J-D NDAL C-C M/B RB

Sufficient income % 84 88 76 80 16
Annual income $ 1766 2620 2020 1130 4680
Annual income $/ha 605 773 786 535 936
Off-farm income % of hh. 28 12 16 28 12
Farm loan % 28 0 48 32 24
 Marketing characteristics

J-D NDAL C-C M/B RB

Marketing decision
Wives % 48 44 56 56 32
Husband % 16 28 16 24 36
Selling farm products
Middlemen % 76 36 60 64 64
Local merchants % 18 28 8 4 20
Farmer association % 0 0 0 0 15
 Selected costs

J-D NDAL C-C M/B RB

---------------$/ha/year-------------
Establishment 118 235 424 127 813
Fertilizer 27 33 59 45 53
Weeding 41 42 22 66 26
(labor&herbicide)
Harvesting 45 63 180 186 137
 Net revenue per tree
J-D NDAL C-C M/B RB

--------------------$/tree---------------
Jampadak 40.29 ---- ---- ---- ----
Durian 38.59 26.27 ---- 78.39 ----
Nutmeg ---- 57.86 ---- ---- ----
Areca 12.41 6.33 ---- 2.66 ----
Langsat 52.93 51.67 ---- 24.98 ----
Coconut ---- ---- 11.81 17.76 ----
Cocoa ---- ---- 4.70 ---- ----
Mangosteen 34.34 ---- ---- 104.35 ----
Rubber ---- ---- ---- ---- 66.35
 PVTR, PVTC, and SEV
J-D NDAL C-C M/B RB

PVTR Mean 2,612 4,566 3,530 2,483 6,636

PVTC Mean 591 1,510 1,331 1,424 1,605
SEV Mean 2,021 3,056 2,199 959 3,426
Min 560 496 551 141 2,530
Max 6,871 6,404 5,665 1,576 4,015
Std. 1,640 1,832 1,073 458 514
 Conclusions
 Personal household characteristics - not
substantially different between systems
 Soil series are different between systems
 Promise of multiple products, additional
income and existence of the system
 Net return and SEV - highest in the RB system
 Price is major factor influencing net return
 Thank you so much
Welcome to PSU. Surat
thani campus
Thank you

From: http://gotoknow.org
Irrigation of Rubber in Surat thani
Irrigation of Rubber in Surat thani
Irrigation of Rubber in Surat thani
 Economic analysis of
irrigation in rubber
plot/plantation.
Does it make benefit to
farmers?
 Rubber Team at Prince of Songkla
University Surat thani campus
1. Dr. Suchart Choengthong 8. Ajarn Prodpran Kumaun
2. Dr. Suwalug Visunthorn 9. Ajarn Sunisa Suchat
3. Dr. Duangkae Kanjanasopa 10. Dr.Atipol Patiya
4. Dr. Supaporn Iaemkheng 11. Dr.Kunyanut Kantawirun
5. Ajarn Rattana Chuwang 12. Dr. Chutchawal Chotimakorn
6. Ajarn Suparut Nuema 13. Ajarn Narong Chuengchayapun
7. Ajarn Manop Thornsin 14. Ajarn Pataraporn Wachirahutsak
 The 6 research purposes.
(1)Develop database of (4) Increase
rubber and rubberwood in rubberwood quality
the area using Information
Technology.
(5). Innovation of
rubber and
(2) Increase rubber rubberwood products
production/area
(6). Research
network and
(3) Develop latex quality
community
extension
 Finished Projects
1. Preparation of rubber wood adhesives from
natural rubber latex
 Project leader: Sunisa Suchat
 Duration: 2006-2007
 Objective:
 (1). To improve natural rubber latex for rubber
wood adhesives
 (2). To study adhesion properties and
compatibility between natural rubber adhesives
and rubber wood
 Finished Projects (continue)

2. Database of rubber planting areas and the

management concerning rubber wood
 Project leader: Sunisa Suchat
 Duration: 2005-2006
 Objectives:
 (1). To survey rubber planting areas in Surat thani
 (2). To analyze and create IT-database for rubber
wood management in the area
 Finished Projects (continue)

 3. Rubber concrete from rubber glove waste

 Project leader: Sunisa Suchat
 Duration: 2007-2008
 Objectives:
 (1). To make rubber concrete from rubber
glove waste
 (2). To improve mechanical properties of
rubber concrete
 Finished Projects (continue)
3. Evaluation and identification of raw
intervention ideas for Thailand’s rubber
subsector (GTC)
 Project leader: Sunisa Suchat
 Duration: 2007-2008
 Objectives:
 (1). To develop a sound understanding of the
subsector
 (2). To identify the competitiveness constraints
and opportunities in the subsector
 Finished Projects (continue)

 (3). To develop a strategic vision for the subsector

 (4). To identify nodes in the value chain for
development of synergistic interventions
 Ongoing Researches
1. Innovation of cup lump production for
sustainable development program
 Program leader: Dr. Suwaluk Wisunthorn
 Duration: 2007-2008
 2 projects in the program
1.1 Farmer behavior on production
and characteristics of cup lump
project
Objectives of the first project:
 (1). To collect data on cup lump production and
decision-making in selection of cup lump
production by farmer in Surat
 (2). To evaluate conditions and characteristics of
cup lump made by farmers.
 (3). To analyze cost-benefit of cup lump
production
1.2 Properties of cup lump under
natural additives project

Objectives of the second project:

 (1). To study the use of natural substances
instead of using chemical substances in
coagulation process.
 (2). To compare rubber characteristics under
different coagulation substances.
 (3). To innovate new methods in making
cup lump as green product.
 Ongoing Researches (continue)
2. Genetic diversity of Phytophthera spp.
caused disease in rubber plantation in Surat
thani province.
 Project leader: Dr. Supaporn Ieamkheng
 Objectives:
 (1). To study types and population of
Phytophtora spp. collected in Surat thani
 (2). To study efficiency of chemical
substances to control Phytophthera spp.
 Objectives: continue

(3). To study ability of different rubber

varieties on resistance to Phytophthera spp.
 (4). To analyze genetic correlation of
Phytophthera spp.
 Ongoing Researches (continue)
4. Environmental pollution and methods to
reduce problems from using cup lump for
making block rubber
 Project leader: Asst. Prof. Dr. Somthip
Dantherawanich
 Recent Activities
1. Establishment of Center of Rubber
Technology and Management
 Proposal accepted for 2010 fiscal year under
development plan for group of provinces
 Objectives:
 (1). To Establish the Center in Surat thani
province
 (2). To create up-to-date IT for rubber
industry and technology in Surat thani
 Objectives: continue

 (3). Transfer of innovation in rubber technology

and management to increase potential in rubber
industry and rubber agricultural industry in Surat
thani
 (4). Support rubber industry and rubber
agricultural industry to increase yield and quality
of latex and wood for sustainable development of
industries
 (5). Create network and linkage within academic,
industrial, administrative, farmers and other
concerning groups
 Project Goals

Unit 2009 2010 2011 2012

Establish of the Center center Initiate Phase1 Phase2 1
Researches project 5 5 8 10
IT for rubber & system Initiate 1 1 1
technology
Seminars & workshop event 3 3 3 3
Technology transfer event 2 2 2 2
Exhibition to community number 0 0 1 1
 Recent Activities

2. Research project: Database and Rubber Marketing

System, Surat thani province
Proposal accepted for 2010 fiscal year under
development plan for group of provinces
 (1.) to construct database of planting area, latex
collecting point, rubber processing factories.
 (2.) to study marketing system and marketing
channel.
 Partners in Surat thani
 Surat thani Industrial Council
 Industrial Center, region 10
 Industrial office, Surat thani province
 Rubber industries in Surat thani
 Surat thani Rubber Research Center
 Surat thani province
 etc.