Mathematica

7.1
1
Mathematica DSolve DSolve[
,{}] u x + u y = 0
DSolve[D[u[x,y],x]+D[u[x,y],y] 0,u[x,y],{x,y}]

{{u[x,y]C[1][-x+y]}}
C[1]

u ( x, y ) = C1 ( y x)

u x + u y = 1/( xy )
DSolve[D[u[x,y],x]+D[u[x,y],y] 1/(x y),u[x,y],{x,y}]

::u@x, yD

Log@xD + Log@yD + x C@1D@ x + yD y C@1D@ x + yD

x y

>>

u ( x, y ) =

ln x + ln y + x C1 ( y x) y C1 ( y x)
ln x ln y
= C1 ( y x)
x y
x y

u x + u y = u
2

DSolve[D[u[x,y],x]+D[u[x,y],y] u[x,y]^2,u[x,y],{x,y}]

::u@x, yD

x C@1D@x + yD

u ( x, y ) =
72

1
x C1 ( y x)

>>

2
utt = a u xx
2

DSolve[D[u[t,x],t,t] a^2 D[u[t,x],x,x],u[t,x],{t,x}]

"#####
"#####
::u@t, xD C@1DB a2 t + xF + C@2DB a2 t + xF>>

C[1] C[2] Mathematica a

2

a a>0

u ( x, t ) = C1 ( x at ) + C2 ( x + at )

DSolve u xx + u yy = 0
DSolve[D[u[x,y],x,x]+D[u[x,y],y,y] 0,u[x,y],{x,y}]

{{u[x,y]C[1][ x+y]+C[2][- x+y]}}

C[1] C[2]
DSolve

ut = a u xx u ( x, t ) =
2

1
2a t

( s )e

( x s )2
4 at

ds DSolve

DSolve[D[u[t,x],t] a^2 D[u[t,x],x,x],u[t,x],{t,x}]

DSolve@uH1,0L@t, xD

a2 uH0,2L@t, xD, u@t, xD, 8t, x<D

Mathematica
DSolve

utt a 2u xx = x
DSolve [ D[u[x,t],x,x]+D[u[x,t],t,t] x , u[x,t] , {x,t} ]

DSolve@uH0,2L@x, tD + uH2,0L@x, tD

x, u@x, tD, 8x, t<D

3
73

DSolve

utt u xx = 0, < x <

x2
x2
u |t =0 = e , ut |t =0 = 2 xe

u ( x, t ) = e ( x t )

DSolve
DSolve[{D[u[t,x],t,t] D[u[t,x],x,x],u[0,x] Exp[-x^2],

Derivative[1,0][u][0,x] 2

Exp[-x^2]},u[t,x],{t,x}]

DSolveB:uH2,0L@t, xD

uH0,2L @t, xD, u@0, xD

, uH1,0L @0, xD

x2

x2

x>, u@t, xD, 8t, x<F

Mathematica

u xx + u yy = 0

2
u | y =0 = 2 x
DSolve
DSolve[{D[u[x,y],x]+D[u[x,y],y] 0,u[x,0] 2x^2},u[x,y],{x,y}]

DSolve@8uH0,1L@x, yD + uH1,0L@x, yD

0, u@x, 0D

2 x2<, u@x, yD, 8x, y<D

7.2
1
Mathematica DSolve
NDSolve

t [0, 0.3]
ut = u xx , 0 < x < 1

u |x =0 = 0, u |x =1 = 0
u | = x(1 x)
t =0

NDSolve[{D[u[x,t],t]==D[u[x,t],x,x],u[x,0] x(1-x),u[0,t] 0,u[1,t]==0},u,{x,0,1},{t,0,0.3}]

74

{{uInterpolatingFunction[{{0.,1.},{0.,0.3}},<>]}}
Mathematica x [0,1], t [0, 0.3] u(x, t)
Plot3D
Plot3D[Evaluate[u[x,t]/.First[%]],{x,0,1},{t,0,0.3}]

0.2
0.1
0.2

0
0
0.25

0.1
0.5
0.75
10

u
0.1
Table[ Plot [Evaluate[u[x,t]/.First[%]],{x,0,1}],{t,0,0.3,0.1}]

t=
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

t=

0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

75

t=
0.035
0.03
0.025
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005
0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0.6

0.8

t=
0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0.2

0.4

Plot [0,
0.25] PlotRange->{0,0.25}
Table[ Plot [Evaluate[u[x,t]/.First[%]],{x,0,1},PlotRange->{0,0.25}],{t,0,0.3,0.1}]

t=
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

t=
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05

0.2

76

0.4

0.6

0.8

t=
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

t=
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

{0.1, 0.5,
0.9}
Table[ Plot [Evaluate[u[x,t]/.First[%]],{t,0,0.3},PlotRange->{0,0.25}],{x,0.1,0.9,0.4}]

x=
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

x=
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

77

x=
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

%
Mathematica

Solution = NDSolve [ { D[u[x,t],t]==D[u[x,t],x,x] , u[x,0] x(1-x) , u[0,t] 0 , u[1,t]==0 } , u ,

{x,0,1} , {t,0,0.3} ]
Table [ Plot [Evaluate[u[x,t]/.First[Solution]],{t,0,0.3},PlotRange->{0,0.25}] , { x,0.1,0.9,0.4} ]
2

1 t [0,1]

ut = u xx , 0 < x <

u x |x =0 = 0, u x |x = = 0

2
u |t =0 = sin x

solution =
NDSolveA9tu@x, tD == x,xu@x, tD, u@x, 0D Sin@xD2, uH1,0L@0, tD == 0,
uH1,0L@ , tD == 0=, u, 8x, 0, <, 8t, 0, 1<E;
Plot3D@Evaluate@u@x, tD . First@solutionDD, 8x, 0, <, 8t, 0, 1<D

1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
0

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
1
0.2

2
3

78

 2 t [0,1]

ut = u xx + 12 sin 2t , 0 < x <

u |x =0 = 0, u |x = = 0

2
u |t =0 = sin x

solution =
NDSolveA9tu@x, tD == x,xu@x, tD + Sin@2 tD 2, u@x, 0D Sin@xD2, u@0, tD == 0,
u@ , tD == 0=, u, 8x, 0, <, 8t, 0, 1<E;
Plot3D@Evaluate@u@x, tD . First@solutionDD, 8x, 0, <, 8t, 0, 1<D

1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
0

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
1
0.2

2
3

3
Mathematica DSolve
t [0,1]

utt = u xx , 0 < x <

u |x =0 = 0, u |x = = 0
u | = sin 2 x, u | = 0
t t =0
t =0

solution =
NDSolveA9t,tu@x, tD == x,xu@x, tD, u@x, 0D Sin@2 xD,
uH0,1L@x, 0D 0, u@0, tD 0, u@ , tD == 0=, u, 8x, 0, <, 8t, 0, 1<E;
Plot3D@Evaluate@u@x, tD . First@solutionDD, 8x, 0, <, 8t, 0, 1<D;

79

1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
0

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
1
0.2

2
3

t [0,1]

utt = u xx , 0 < x <

u x |x =0 = 0, u x |x = = 0
u | = cos 2 x, u | = 0
t t =0
t =0

solution =
NDSolveA9t,tu@x, tD == x,xu@x, tD, u@x, 0D Cos@2 xD, uH0,1L@x, 0D 0,
uH1,0L@0, tD == 0, uH1,0L@, tD == 0=, u, 8x, 0, <, 8t, 0, 2<E;
Plot3D@Evaluate@u@x, tD . First@solutionDD, 8x, 0, <, 8t, 0, 2<D;

1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
0

2
1.5
1
1
0.5
2
3

t [0, 6]

80

utt = u xx , 6 < x < 6

u |x =6 = u |x =6

x2
u |t =0 = e , ut |t =0 = 0

solution=NDSolve[{D[u[t, x], t, t] == D[u[t, x], x, x], u[0, x] == Exp[-x^2], Derivative[1,0][u][0, x]

== 0, u[t, -6] == u[t, 6]}, u, {t, 0, 6}, {x, -6, 6}];
Plot3D[Evaluate[u[t,x]/.First[solution]],{t,0,6},{x,-6,6}]

1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
0

5
2.5
0
2

-2.5
4

-5
6

PlotPoints50
NDSolve[{D[u[t, x], t, t] == D[u[t, x], x, x], u[0, x] == Exp[-x^2], Derivative[1,0][u][0, x] == 0, u[t,
-6] == u[t, 6]}, u, {t, 0, 6}, {x, -6, 6}];
Plot3D[Evaluate[u[t,x]/.First[%]],{t,0,6},{x,-6,6}, PlotPoints50]

1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
0

5
2.5
0
2

-2.5
4

-5
6

81

Mathematica DSolve t [0,1]

utt = u xx , 0 < x <

u |x =0 = 1, u |x = = 0

2
2
u |t =0 = 1 x / , ut |t =0 = 0

solution =
NDSolveA9t,tu@x, tD == x,xu@x, tD, u@x, 0D 1 x2 2, uH0,1L@x, 0D
u@0, tD 1, u@, tD == 0=, u, 8x, 0, <, 8t, 0, 1<E;
Plot3D@Evaluate@u@x, tD . First@solutionDD, 8x, 0, <, 8t, 0, 1<D

0,

1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
0

1
0.75
0.5
1
0.25
2
3

4
NDSolve y [0,1]

u xx + u yy = 0, 0 < x < 1, y > 0

u |x =0 = 1, u |x =1 = 1
u | = cos 2 x, u | = 0
y y =0
y =0

solution =
u .
FirstA NDSolveA9x,xu@x, yD + y,y u@x, yD == 0, u@x, 0D == Cos@2 xD, uH0,1L@x, 0D == 0,
u@0, yD == 1, u@1, yD == 1=, u, 8x, 0, 1<, 8y, 0, 1<EE;
Plot3D@solution@x, yD, 8x, 0, 1<, 8y, 0, 1<D;

82

2.5 10 1 1
0
-2.5 10 1 1
11
-5 10

1
0.8
0.6

0
0.4

0.2
0.4

0.2

0.6
0.8

10

Mathematica
Plot3D[solution[x,y],{x,0,1},{y,0,1},PlotPoints->80]

210 9
1

0
-2 10

0.75

0.5

0
0.25

0.25

0.5
0.75
10

NDSolve

ut = uu x , 0 < x < 1

u |x =0 = u |x =1
u | = sin 2 x
t =0

solution =
u . First@ NDSolve@8tu@x, tD == u@x, tD x u@x, tD, u@x, 0D == Sin@2 xD, u@0, tD == u@1, tD<,
8u<, 8x, 0, 1<, 8t, 0, .5<DD;
Plot3D@solution@x, tD, 8x, 0, 1<, 8t, 0, .5<D;

83

1
0.5
0
0.4
-1
0.3
0
0.2

0.2
0.4
0.1

0.6
0.8
1

utt = u xx + (1 u 2 )(1 + 2u ), 10 < x < 10

u |x =10 = u |x =10

x2
u |t =0 = e , ut |t =0 = 0

solution=NDSolve[{D[u[t,x],t,t] D[u[t,x],x,x]+(1-u[t,x]^2)(1+2u[t,x]),u[0,x] Exp[-x^2],Derivative[

1,0][u][0,x] 0,u[t,-10] u[t,10]},u,{t,0,10},{x,-10,10}]

{{uInterpolatingFunction[{{0.,10.},{...,-10.,10.,...}},<>]}}

Plot3D[Evaluate[u[t,x]/.First[solution]],{t,0,10},{x,-10,10},PlotPoints80]

10

-1
0

0
2
4

-5
6
8
10 -10

DensityPlot[Evaluate[u[10-t,x]/.First[solution]],{x,-10,10},{t,0,10},PlotPoints200,MeshFalse]

84


10

0
-10

-5

10

7.3
1

ut = u xx , 0 < x < 4

u |x =0 = 0, u |x = 4 = 0
u | = 6sin( x / 2) + 3sin x
t =0
t

sU ( x) 6sin( x / 2) + 3sin x = U ''( x), 0 < x < 4

U (0) = 0, U (4) = 0
U ( x) u ( x, t ) U ( x)

u ( x, t )
Mathematica

eq = tu@x, tD == x,xu@x, tD; e1 = LaplaceTransform@eq, t, sD

e2 = e1 . 9u@x, 0D 6 Sin@ x 2D + 3 Sin@ xD, LaplaceTransform@u@x, tD, t, sD U@xD,
LaplaceTransformAuH2,0L@x, tD, t, sE D@ U@xD, 8x, 2<D=
ans = DSolve@8e2, U@0D 0, U@4D 0<, U@xD, xD@@1, 1, 2DD
sol = InverseLaplaceTransform@ans, s, tD

85

s LaplaceTransform@u@x, tD, t, sD u@x, 0D

6 SinB

F 3 Sin@ xD + s U@xD

U @xD

LaplaceTransform@uH2,0L@x, tD, t, sD

6 I4 2 SinA x E + 4 s SinA x E + 2 CosA

2

3 2 t

2 t i
j
4 + CosB
j
j
j

x E SinA x E + 4 s CosA x E SinA x EM

2
2
2
2
4 + 5 2 s + 4 s2

x y
x
z
Fz
F
z SinB
2 z
2
{

Plot3D[sol,{x,0,1},{t,0,2}]

4
3
2
1
0
0

2
1.5
1
0.25
0.5

0.5
0.75
10

utt = a 2u xx , 0 < x < 4

u |x =0 = 0
u | = 0, u | = b
t t =0
t =0
Mathematica

eq = t,tu@x, tD a2 x,x u@x, tD; e1 = LaplaceTransform@eq, t, sD;

e2 = e1 . 9u@x, 0D 0, t u@x, 0D b, LaplaceTransform@u@x, tD, t, sD U@xD,
LaplaceTransformAuH2,0L@x, tD, t, sE D@U@xD, 8x, 2<D=;
ans = DSolve@8e2, U@0D 0<, U@xD, xD@@1, 1, 2DD;
sol = InverseLaplaceTransform@ans, s, tD

a2 DiracDelta@tD U @xD

86