Chuyen de Ham So P2 GTLN GTNN Tiem Can Ks Ham So

TRUNG TM BDKT V LTH 36/73 NGUYN HONG
TRUNG TM GIA S NH CAO CHT LNG

ST: 01234332133-0978421673
CHUYN HM S 12
LUYN THI
TT NGHIP TRUNG HC PH THNG, I HC, CAONG
Hue, thang 7/2012
* GTLN V GTNN ca hm s
* Tim cn ca th hm s
* KSHS hm bc ba, trng phng, hu t
TRUNG TM GIA S NH CAO CHT LNG. ST:0978421673
-TP HU
Chuyn LTH Bin son:Trn nh C 1
MC LC
Bi 3. Gi t ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s
- Dng 1: Tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s bng nh ngha
- Dng 2: t n ph tm GTLL v GTNN
- Dng 3: ng dng gii phng trnh, bt phng trnh, h phng trnh
- Dng 4: Chng minh bt ng
thc, tm GTLN v GTNN trn mt min
Bi 4. Tim cn ca th hm s
- Dng 1: Tm tim cn ngang v tim cn ng bng nh ngha
- Dng 2: Mt s bi ton lin quan n tim cn. Tm m tha iu kin K
cho trc
Ch : Tim cn xin (Tho lun)
- Dng 3: Cc bi ton lin quan n tim cn hm phn thc
Bi 5. Kho st hm s
Vn 1:
Hm trng phng
- Dng 1: Kho st v v th hm s
- Dng 2: Mt s bi ton lin quan n hm trng phng
Vn 2: Hm bc ba
- Dng 2: Mt s bi ton lin quan
n hm bc ba
Vn 3: Hm phn thc hu t
- Dng 2: Mt s bi ton lin quan n hm phn thc hu t
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-TP HU
BI 3. GI TR LN NHT, GI TR NH NHT
A. KIN THC CN NM
1. nh ngha:
Gi s hm s f xc nh trn min D (D c R).
a)
s e
=

- e =
0 0
( ) ,
max ( )
: ( )
D
f x M x D
M f x
x D f x M
b)
> e
=

- e =
0 0
( ) ,
min ( )
: ( )
D
f x m x D
m f x
x D f x m
2. Tnh cht:
a) Nu hm s f ng bin trn [a; b] th = =
[ ; ] [ ; ]
max ( ) ( ), min ( ) ( )
a b a b
f x f b f x f a .
b) Nu hm s f nghch bin trn [a; b] th = =
[ ; ] [ ; ]
max ( ) ( ), min ( ) ( )
a b a b
f x f a f x f b .
-TP HU
B. PHNG PHP GII BI TP
Cch 1: Thng dng khi tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s trn mt khong.
- Tnh f' (x).
- Xt du f' (x) v lp bng bin thin.
- Da vo bng bin thin
kt lun.
Cch 2: Thng dng khi tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s lin tc trn mt on
[a; b].
- Tnh f' (x).
- Gii phng trnh f
' (x) = 0 tm c cc nghim x
1
, x
2
, , x
n
trn [a; b] (nu
c).
- Tnh f(a), f(b), f(x
1
), f(x
2
), , f(x
n
).
- So snh cc gi tr va tnh v kt lun.
{ }
= =
1 2
[ ; ]
max ( ) max ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ),..., ( )
n
a b
M f x f a f b f x f x f x
{ }
= =
1 2
[ ; ]
min ( ) min ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ),..., ( )
n
a b
m f x f a f b f x f x f x
BI TP MU:
Bi 1. Tm GTLL v GTNN (nu c) ca cc hm s sau:
3 1
)
3
x
a y
x
trn on [0;2]
b)
+
=
+
2
2
3 1
1
x x
y
x x
DNG 1: TM GI TR LN NHT V GI TR NH NHT CA HM S
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-TP HU
Hng dn:
b) Bng bin thin
x 0 2 +
' y - 0 + 0 +
y
3
11
3
Da vo bng bin thin, hc sinh c th d dng xc inh GTLL,GTNN
Bi 2. Tm GTLL v GTNN (nu c) ca cc hm s sau:
a) = + +
2
4 3 y x x b) =
4 2
2 y x x c) = +
4 2
2 2 y x x
Hng dn:
b) Hm s xc nh trn R
Bng bin thin:
x -1 0 1
' y - 0 + 0 - 0 +
y
+ 0 +
Da vo bng bin thin:
Hm t ga tr nh nht ti = 1 x , =
R
1 Min y . Hm khng c gi tr ln nht
Bi 3. Tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht (nu c) ca cc hm s sau:
1 3
+
-1 -1
-TP HU
( )
+
=
2
2 x
y
x
trn
( )
+ 0;
Hng dn:
Hm xc nh trn tp
( )
+ 0;
( )
= e +
=

=
2 0;
' 0
2
x
y
x
Bng bin thin
x 0 2 +
' y - +
y
+
+ 8
Da vo bng bin thin ta thy hm t gi tr nh nht ti
( ) +
= =
0;
2, 8 x Min y
Hm khng c gi tr ln nht
Bi 4. Tm gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca = + +
2
5 6 y x x trn on [-1;6]
Hng dn:
Hm t gi tr nh nht ti x=-1; x=6 v t gi tr ln nht ti
5
2
x =
Bi 5. Tm gi tr ln nht gi tr nh nht ca cc hm s sau:
( )
= +
2
6 4 y x x trn o
n [0;3]
Hng dn: Hm t gi tr ln nht ti x=3, nh nht ti x=0
Bi 6. ( thi TSH 2003 khi B) .
Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca hm s
= +
2
4 y x x
Hng dn:
Cch 1: Tp xc nh | | = 2;2 D ;
+
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-TP HU
' ' = = =
2
2
1 ; 0 4
4
x
y y x x
x
>
=
2 2
0
2
4
x
x
x x

=
max 2 2
min 2
y
y
Cch 2: t
t t 1
= e
1
]
2sin , ;
2 2
x u u
( )
( )
t
1
= + = + e
]
2 sin cos 2 2 sin 2;2 2
4
y u u u ; = = max 2 2 ; min 2 y y
Bi 7. Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca hm s
+
=
+
2
1
1
x
y
x
trn on [-1;2]
Hng dn:
Hm t gi tr nh nht ti x=-1 v t gi tr ln nht ti =1 x
Bi 8. Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca hm s = +
3 2
3 1 y x x trn on [-2;1]
Hng dn:
Hm cho xc nh trn
1
]
2;1
t 1 = + e
]
3 2
( ) 3 1, 2;1 g x x x x ,
=
=

1 = e
]
0
'( ) 0
2 2;1
x
g x
x
Do :
1 1
] ]
= =
2;1 2;1
( ) 1; ( ) 19 Max g x Ming x
Ta c: 1 1 1 e e e
] ] ]
2;1 ( ) 19;1 ( ) 0;19 x g x g x
( )
< - e =
1 1
(0). ( 1) 0 0;1 : ( ) 0 g g x g x . Vy
1 1
] ]
= =
2;1 2;1
( ) 19; ( ) 0 Max f x Min f x
BI TP T LUYN:
Bi 1. Tm GTLN, GTNN ca cc hm s sau:
a)
+
=
+ +
2
2
1
1
x x
y
x x
b) =
3 4
4 3 y x x c)
+ +
= >
+
4 2
3
1
( 0)
x x
y x
x x
-TP HU
d) = +
2
2 y x x e)

=
+
2
1
2 2
x
y
x x
f)
+ +
=
+
2
2
2 4 5
1
x x
y
x
g) = + >
2
1
( 0) y x x
x
a) = + +
3 2
2 3 12 1 y x x x trn [1; 5] b) =
3
3 y x x trn [2; 3]
c) = +
4 2
2 3 y x x trn [3; 2] d) = +
4 2
2 5 y x x trn [2; 2]
e)

=
3 1
3
x
y
x
trn [0; 2] f)

=
+
1
1
x
y
x
trn [0; 4]
g)
+ +
=
+
2
4 7 7
2
x x
y
x
trn [0; 2] h)
+
=
+
2
2
1
1
x x
y
x x
trn [0; 1]
a) =
2
100 y x trn [6; 8] b) = + + 2 4 y x x
c) =
2
2 y x x
Bi 4. Tm gi tr ln nht v g tr nh nht ca hm s = + +
3 2
72 90 y x x x trn
on [-5;5]
Hng dn:
Hm s cho xc nh trn 1
]
5;5
t
3 2
( ) 72 90, 5;5 g x x x x x 1 = + + e
]
Ta c :

1 = e
]
=
1 = e
]
6 5;5
'( ) 0
4 5;5
x
g x
x
Vi = = = (4) 86; ( 5) 400; (5) 70 g g g
Do : s s s s s s 86 ( ) 400 0 ( ) 400 0 ( ) 400 g x g x f x
Vy
1
]
= =
5;5
ax ( ) 400 5 M f x khi x
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-TP HU
Bi 6. Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca hm s = sin2 y x x trn on
t
t
1
1
]
;
2
Hng dn:
t t t
= =
5
'( ) 0 ; ;
6 6 6
f x x
Vy:
t t
t t
t t t t
1 1

1 1
] ]
= + = = =
; ;
2 2
5 3 5
( ) ; ( )
6 2 6 2 2
Max f x khi x Min f x khi x
-TP HU
Khi t n ph, cn ch mt s iu sau:
- Nu
t
2
t x = th 0 t > v gi s
| | | |
1;1 0;1 x t e e
- Nu
| |
sin
1;1
cos
t x
t
t x
=
e
=
- Nu
| |
2
2
sin
0;1
os
t x
t
t c x
=
e
=
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1. ( d b TSH 2003 khi B) Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca
( )
= +
3
6 2
4 1 y x x trn on | | 1;1 .
Hng dn:
t | | = e
2
0;1 u x . Ta c
( )
= + = + +
3
3 3 2
4 1 3 12 12 4 y u u u u u
' = + =

1 = e
]
2
2
3 9 24 12 0
2 0;1
u
y u u
u
T ta c
= =
4
max 4; min
9
y y
Bi 2. Tm gi tr ln nht v g tr nh nht ca hm s = + +
6 4 2
9 1
3
4 4
y x x x trn
on [-1;1]
Hng dn:
t 1 1 = e e
] ]
2
0;1 , 1;1 t x t x ta c:
= + +
3 2
9 1
( ) 3
4 4
f t t t t lin tc trn on [0;1]
DNG 2: S DNG PHNG PHP T N PH TM GTLL V GTNN
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-TP HU
1 = e
]
1
2
'( ) 0
3
0;1
2
t
f t
t
0;1 1;1
[ 1;1] 0;1
3 1 3 2
( ) ( )
4 2 4 2
1 1
( ) 0 ( ) 0
4 4
Max f t khi t hay Max f x khi x
Min f t khi t hay Min f x khi x
1 1
] ]
1
]
= = = =
= = = =
Bi 3. Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca hm s = + +
4 2
sin os 2 y x c x
Hng dn:
Hm cho xc nh trn R
= + + = +
4 2 4 2
sin os 2 sin sin 3 y x c x x x
t
2
sin , 0;1 t x t 1 = e
]
. Xt hm 1 = + e
]
2
( ) 3, 0,1 f t t t t
Vy
1 1
] ]
= =
0;1 0;1
11
( ) 3; ( )
4
Max f x Min f x
Bi 4. Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca hm s
+
=
+ +
2
sinx 1
sin sinx 1
y
x
Hng dn:
t 1 = e
]
sin , 1;1 t x t
+
1 = e
]
+ +
2
1
( ) 1;1
1
t
f t
t t
, ( ) f t lin t
c trn 1
]
1;1 , = = '( ) 0 0 f t t
t
t
t
1
]
1
]
= = = = + e
= = = = e
Z
Z
1;1
1;1
( ) ( ) 0 sin 1 2 ,
2
( ) ( ) 0 sin 0 ,
Max f x Max f t khi x x k k
Min f x Min f t khi x x k k
Bi 5. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s: = +
2 2
sin os
4 4
x c x
y
Hng dn:
Cch 1:
-TP HU
= + = + = +
2 2 2 2 2
2
sin os sin 1 sin sin
sin
4
4 4 4 4 4
4
x c x x x x
x
y
t 1 = e
]
2
sin
4 , 0; 4
x
t t , xt hm s
+
1 = e
]
2
4
, 1; 4
t
y t
t
T suy ra c:
1 1
] ]
= = = =
1;4 1;1
( ) ( ) 5 ; ( ) ( ) 4 Max f x Max f t Min f x Min f t
Cch 2:
p dng bt ng thc trung bnh cng, trung bnh nhn ta c:
+ > =
2 2
sin os
4 4 2 4 4.
x c x
ng thc xy ra khi
t t
= = + eZ
2 2
sin os
4 4 ,
2 2
x c x
k
x k
( )( )
>
> + s
>
2
2 2 2 2
2
sin
sin os sin os
os
4 1
4 1 4 1 0 4 4 5
4 1
x
x c x x c x
c x
ng thc xy ra khi = sin 0 x hoc = cos 0 x
Vy
t t t
= = + = = 4 ; 5
4 2 2
k k
Miny khi x Maxy khi x
BI TP T LUYN:
a)

=
+
2sin 1
sin 2
x
y
x
b) =
+ +
2
1
cos cos 1
y
x x
c) = +
2
2sin cos 1 y x x d) = cos2 2sin 1 y x x
a)

=
+
2
4 2
1
1
x
y
x x
b) = + + +
2 2
4 4 3 y x x x x
g) = + + +
2 2
4 2 5 2 3 y x x x x e) = +
3 3
sin cos y x x
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-TP HU
Phng php:
Gi s f(x) l mt hm s lin tc trn min D v c = = min ( ) ; max ( )
D D
f x m f x M.
Khi :
1) H phng trnh
o =
( ) f x
x D
c nghim m s o s M.
2) H bt phng trnh
o >
( ) f x
x D
c nghim M > o.
3) H bt phng trnh
| s
( ) f x
x D
c nghim m s |.
4) Bt phng trnh f(x) > o ng vi mi x m > o.
5) Bt phng trnh f(x) s | ng vi mi x M s |.
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1. Tm m phng trnh sau c nghim x 0; 1 3
1
e +
]
:
( )
2
2 2 1 (2 ) 0 (2) m x x x x + + + s
Hng dn:
t
2
t x 2x 2 = + . (2)

s s s e +
+
2
t 2
m (1 t 2), dox [0;1 3]
t 1
Kho st
2
t 2
g(t)
t 1
=
+
vi 1 s t s 2; '( ) 0 g t > . Vy g tng trn [1,2]
Do , ycbt bpt
2
t 2
m
t 1
s
+
c nghim t e [1,2]
| | t
m g t g
1;2
2
max ( ) (2)
3
e
s = =
Bi 2. Tm m phng trnh sau c 2 nghim phn bit:
2 2
10 8 4 (2 1). 1 x x m x x + + = + +
Hng dn:
DNG 3: NG DNG VO GII PHNG TRNH, BT PHNG
TRNH, H PHNG TRNH V H BT PHNG TRNH:
-TP HU
Nhn xt:
2 2 2
10 8 4 2(2 1) 2( 1) + + = + + + x x x x
(pt)
2
2 2
2 1 2 1
2 2 0
1 1
+ + | | | |
+ =
| |
+ + \ . \ .
x x
m
x x
. t
2
2 1
1
+
=
+
x
t
x
iu kin : 2< t 5 s .
Rt m ta c: m=
2
2 2 + t
t
. Lp bng bin thin
12
4
5
< s m hoc 5 < 4 < m
Bi 3.
+ s +
1
]
2 2
Tm tham so m e bat phng trnh 2 24 2 (1) co nghiem
tren 4;6
x x x x m
Hng dn:
1 1 = + e e
] ]
1 + s e
]
1 +
]
2
2
2
2 24, 4,6 th t 0;5
ycbt tm m e bat phng trnh 24 co nghiem thc t 0;5
Xet ham so f(t)= 24, lien tuc tren 0;5
at t x x x
t t m
t t
1
]
1 1 > e
] ]
1 s s >
]
0;5
Ta co: '( ) 0, 0;5 ( ) lien tuc va ong bien tren 0;5
Vay bpt co nghiem thc tren oan 0;5 khi ax ( ) (5) 6
f t t f t
m f t m f m m
Bi 4. Tm m h BPT:
s
+ >
2
3 2
3 0
2 2 4 0
x x
x x x m m
(1) c nghim.
Gii. (1)
( )
s s
= >
3 2
0 3
2 2 4
x
f x x x x m m
(2).
Ta c:
( )
| )
( |
+ e
' =

+ e
2
2
3 4 4 0;2
3 4 4 2;3
x x x
f x
x x x
;
]'(x) = 0 =
2
3
x . Hm khng c o hm ti = 2 x
Nhn BBTsuy ra:
| |
( ) ( )
e
= =
0;3
Max 3 21
x
f x f
(2) c nghim th
| |
( )
e
>
2
0;3
Max 4
x
f x m m s
2
4 21 m m 3 s m s 7
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-TP HU
Bi 5. Tm m PT:
( )
+ = +
2
2 2sin2 1 cos x m x (1) c nghim
t t 1
e
1
]
,
2 2
x
Gii. Do ,
2 2
x
t t 1
e
1
]

t t 1
e
1
]
,
2 4 4
x
nn t | | = e tg 1,1
2
x
t

=
+
2
2
1
cos
1
t
x
t
; =
+
2
2
sin
1
t
x
t
. Khi (1)
( ) ( )
+ = +
2 2
2 sin cos 1 cos x x m x
( ) ( )
| | | | +
= + = + =
| |
+ + \ . \ .
2 2
2 2 2
2
2 2
2 1 1
2 1 2 1 2
1 1
t t t
m f t t t m
t t
(2)
Ta c:
( ) ( )( )
' = + = = =
2
2 2 1 2 2 0 1; 1 2 f t t t t t t
(2) c nghim | | e 1,1 t
th
| |
( )
| |
( )
e e
s s
1,1 1,1
Min 2 Max
t t
f t m f t
s s s s 0 2 4 0 2 m m . Vy (1) c nghim
t t 1
e
1
]
,
2 2
x th | | e 0;2 m .
@ Ch : bi trn ta s dng cng thc t tg
2
x
t = th

=
+
2
2
1
cos
1
t
x
t
;
=
+
2
2
sin
1
t
x
t
. Cng thc ny trong SGK khng c. Tuy nhin, ta nn bit khi
no thy b
em ra dng. Vic chng minh cng thc trn tng i d dng.
Bi 4. Gii phng trnh: + =
4 4
2 4 2 x x
Gi : yu cu hc sinh phi nm cng thc tnh o hm ca hm ly tha(
chng II-Giait tch 12
Hng dn:
t
( )
= +
4 4
2 4 f x x x vi s s 2 4 x
( )
( ) ( )
1
' = = =
1

]
3 3
4 4
1 1 1
0 3
4
2 4
f x x
x x
Nhn BBT suy ra:
( ) ( )
| | > = e 3 2 2, 4 f x f x
Phng trnh ( )
= + =
4 4
2 4 2 f x x x c nghim duy nht x = 3
Bi 5. Gii phng trnh: + = + 3 5 6 2
x x
x
-TP HU
Hng dn:
PT
( )
= + = 3 5 6 2 0
x x
f x x . Ta c:
( )
' = + 3 ln3 5 ln5 6
x x
f x
( ) ( ) ( )
'' = + >
2 2
3 ln3 5 ln5 0
x x
f x eR x ]'(x) ng bin
Mt khc ]'(x) lin tc v
( )
' = + < 0 ln3 ln5 6 0 f ,
( )
' = + > 1 3ln3 5ln5 6 0 f
Phng trnh ]'(x) = 0 c ng 1 nghim x
0
Nhn bng bin thin suy ra:
Phng trnh
( )
= + = 3 5 6 2 0
x x
f x x c khng qu 2 nghim.
BI TP T LUYN:
Bi 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau: + =
5 5
1
(1 )
16
x x
Bi 2. Tm m cc phng trnh sau c nghim:
a) + + + = 3 6 (3 )(6 ) x x x x m
b) m mx x x x 2 2 2 3
2 2
+ + = +
Hng dn:
b)
(*)
2
2 2
3 2 0
3 2 2 2
x x
x x x mx m
+ >

+ = + +

=
+
=
s s
= +
s s
m
x
x
x f
x
x x m
x
2
1
2 3
) (
2 1
2 3 ) 1 ( 2
2 1
f(x) lin tc trn
| |
1; 2 v c
( )
| |
2
5
( ) 0, 1; 2
1
f x x
x
' = > e
+
) (x f ng bin trn | | 2 ; 1
Bi ton yu cu
1 2
(1) 2 (2)
4 3
f m f m s s s s
Bi 3. Tm m cc bt phng trnh sau nghim ng vi mi x
e R:
a) + + >
2
2 1 x x m c) + >
4
4 0 mx x m
Bi 4. Cho bt phng trnh: + + <
3 2
2 1 0 x x x m .
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-TP HU
a) Tm m bt phng trnh c nghim thuc [0; 2].
b) Tm m bt phng trnh tho mi x thuc [0; 2].
Bi 5. Tm m cc bt phng trnh sau:
a) s + 3 1 mx x m c nghim.
b) + > + ( 2) 1 m x m x c nghim x e [0; 2].
c) + s + +
2 2
( 1) 1 m x x x x nghimng vi mi x e [0; 1].
Bi 6. Tm m BPT: + < +
2
2 9 m x x m c nghim
ng
eR x
Hng dn:
+ < +
2
2 9 m x x m
( )
+ <
2
2 9 1 m x x
( )
< =
+
2
2 9 1
x
m f x
x
Ta c:
( )
( )
+
' =
+ +
2
2
2 2
9 2 9
2 9 2 9 1
x
f x
x x
= 0 + = =
2
2 9 9 6 x x
( )
+ +
= =
+
2
1 1
lim lim
9 2 1
2
x x
f x
x x
;
( )

= =
+ +
2
1 1
lim lim
9 2 1
2
x x
f x
x x
Nhn BBT ta c
( )
> f x m , eR x
( ) ( )
e

= = > <
R
3 3
Min 6
4 4
x
f x f m m
Bi 7. Tm m phng trnh: m
x
x
x x x =
+
1
) 1 ( 4 ) 1 ( c nghm
Hng dn:
t ( 1)
1
x
t x
x
= e
R khi pt cho ta m = t(t 1) suy ra 4 > m

-TP HU
(Phn nng cao-bi dng hc sinh gii
-Trch ti liu ca Trn Phng v tham
kho phn ti liu S Tng)
Phng Php:
1. Cch ny da trc tip vo nh ngha GTLN, GTNN ca hm s.
- Chng minh mt bt ng thc.
- Tm mt im thuc D sao cho ng vi gi tr y, bt ng thc va tm c
tr thnh ng thc.
2. Xt bi ton tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s f(x) trn mt min D cho trc.
Gi y
0
l mt gi tr tu ca f(x) trn D, th h phng trnh (n x) sau c
nghim:
=
0
( ) (1)
(2)
f x y
x D
Tu theo dng ca h trn m ta c cc iu kin tng ng. Thng thng
iu kin y (sau khi bin i) c dng:
m s y
0
s M (3)
V y
0
l mt gi tr bt k ca f(x) nn t (3) ta suy ra c:
= = min ( ) ; max ( )
D D
f x m f x M
BI TP MU:
Bi 1. Tm gi tr nh nht ca hm s
( )
= + + +
2
4 2 1 f x x x x
Gii. Gi y
0
l 1 gi tr ca hm f(x)
tn ti x
0
sao cho y
0
= + + +
2
0 0 0
4 2 1 x x x
= + + + = + +
2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 2 1 2 4 2 1 y x x x y y x x x x
g(x
0
) = + + + =
2 2
0 0 0 0
3 2(1 ) 1 0 x y x y . Ta c g(x) = 0 c nghim x
0
A' = + = +
2 2 2
0 0 0 0
(1 ) 3(1 ) 2(2 1) y y y y = + >
0 0
2( 1)(2 1) 0 y y
DNG 4: Chng minh bt ng thc, tm GTLL v GTNN ca hm s
trn mt min
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-TP HU
Do y
0
= + + + > + = + >
2 2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 ( 1) 3 3 0 x x x x x x x nn
A' > 0 2y
0
1 > 0 >
0
1
2
y . Vi x =
1
2
th Minf(x) =
1
2
Bi 2. Cho
( )
= = + +
2
5 4 . y f x x x mx Tm cc gi tr ca m sao cho > Min 1 y
Gii. Ta c
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
+ + s v >
=

+ + s s
2
1
2
2
5 4 ; x 1 4 :
5 4 ; 1 4 :
x m x x P
f x
x m x x P
Gi (P) l th ca y = f(x) (P) = (P
1
) (P
2
) khi (P) c 1 trong cc hnh
dng th sau y
Honh ca cc imc bit trong th (P):
Honh giao im ( P
1
), (P
2
) x
A
= 1; x
B
= 4 ; Honh nh (P
1
):

=
5
2
C
m
x .
Nhn vo th ta xt cc kh nng sau:
Nu x
C
e[x
A
, x
B
] me[ 3, 3] th Minf(x) = Min{f(1), f(4)}.
Khi Minf(x) > 1
s s
= >
= >
3 3
(1) 1
(4) 4 1
m
f m
f m
1 < m s 3 (1)
Nu x
C
e[x
A
, x
B
] me[ 3, 3] th Minf(x) =
( )
| |
=
|
\ .
1 1
5
2
C
m
f x f =
+
2
10 9
4
m m
A
B
C
P
2
P
1
A
B
C
P
2
P
1
A
B
C
P
1
P
2
-TP HU
Khi Minf(x) > 1
e
< < +
+ <
2
[ 3,3]
3 5 2 3
10 13 0
m
m
m m
(2)
Kt lun: T (1) v (2) suy ra Minf(x) > 1 < < + 1 5 2 3 m
Bi 3. Cho
>
+ =
, 0
1
x y
x y
Tm gi tr nh nht ca S = +
1 1
x y
x y
Gii:
( ) ( ) ( )
| | | |
= + + + + > + + = +
| |
|
\ .
\ .
2
x y
S y x x y x y x y x y
y x
Mt khc, S = +
1 1
x y
x y
=

+
1 1 y x
y x
=
( )
| |
+ + |
|
\ .
1 1
x y
x y
Suy ra 2S > +
1 1
x y
> > =
+
4
2 2
2 2
2
xy x y
> 2 S MinS = 2 .
Bi 4. ( 33 III.2, B thi TSH 1987 1995)
Cho + =
2 2
1 x y . Tm Max, Min ca A = + + + 1 1 x y y x .
Gii. 1. Tm MaxA: S dng bt ng thc BunhiaCpski ta c
A s ( ) ( )
( )
( )
1
+ + + + = + + s + + = +
]
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2 2 2 2 x y y x x y x y .
Vi = =
1
2
x y th Max A = + 2 2
2. Tm MinA: Xt 2 trng hp sau y
Trng hp 1: Nu > 0 xy , xt 2 kh n
ng sau:
+) N
u
> > 0, 0 x y th A>0 > Min 0 A
+) Nu x s 0, y s 0 th
,A, s 1 + + + + = + +
]
2 2
( ) (1 ) (1 ) 2 x y x y x y = ( ) s + =
2 2
2 2 1 x y x y
T 2 kh nng xt suy ra vi > 0 xy th Min A = 1
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-TP HU
Trng hp 2: Xt < 0 xy : t + = x y t

= <
2
1
0
2
t
xy ( ) e 1,1 t
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) = + + + + + + = + + + + + +
2 2 2
1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 A x y xy x y y x xy x y xy x y xy
=

+ + + +
2 2 2
1 1 1
1 2 1
2 2 2
t t t
t t
( )
1
= + + +
]
2
1
1 2 2 1
2
t
t
( ) ( ) ( )
1
= = + + + +
]
2 3 2
1
1 2 2 1 2 2 2
2
A f t t t t
Ta c:
( )
( )
+ + +
' = + = = = = =
2
1 2
3 1 2 1 2 1 2
2 0 ; 2 1
2 2 3
f t t t t t t t
Th
1 2
, t t vo phn d ca
( )
f t chia cho
( )
' f t
( )
( )
( )
= =
1 2
2 19 3 2
; 0
27
f t f t .
Nhn bng bin thin suy ra:
( ) ( )
s >
2
1 1
A f t A f t suy ra
( )
( )
= = <
1
2 19 3 2
Min 1
27
A f t
xy ra + =
1
x y t ;

=
2
1
1
2
t
xy
x, y l nghim ca
+
+ + =
2 1 2 2 3
0
3 9
u u
( )
+
=
1 2 15 2 2
,
6
x y
Kt lun: Max A = + 2 2 ;
( )
=
2 19 3 2
Min
27
A
Bi 5. Cho > a,b,c 0 tha mn iu kin + + s
3
a b c
2
Tm gi tr nh nht ca = + + + + +
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
S a b c
b c a
Gii. Sai lm thng gp:
| || || |
> + + + = + + +
| | |
\ .\ .\ .
2 2 2 2 2 2
3
6
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
3. 3. S a b c a b c
b c a b c a
t 1 t
1
t
2
1
]' + 0 0 +
] 1
( )
1
f t
1
-TP HU
| || || |
> = = = | | |
| | |
\ .\ .\ .
6
2 2 2
6
2 2 2
1 1 1
3. 2 2 2 3. 8 3 2 Min 3 2 a b c S
b c a
- Nguyn nhn:
= = = = = = = + + = >
1 1 1 3
Min 3 2 1 3
2
S a b c a b c
a b c
mu thun vi gi
thit
- Phn tch v tm ti li gii :
Do S l mt biu thc i xng vi a, b, c nn d on Min S t ti = = =
1
2
a b c
S im ri :
= = =
1
2
a b c
o o o o
= = =
= = =
2 2 2
2 2 2
1
4
1 1 1 4
a b c
a b c
o
=
1 4
4
o =16
Cch 1: Bi
n i v s dng bt ng thc
Csi ta c
= + + + + + + + + + + +
_ _ _
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
16 16 16
1 1 1 1 1 1
... ... ...
16 16 16 16 16 16
S a b c
b b c c a a
> + +
1
= + +
1
]
2 2 2
17 17 17
16 32 16 32 16 32
17 17 17
8 16 8 16 8 16
17 17 17
16 16 16
17
16 16 16
a b c
b c a
a b c
b c a
1
1
> =
1
]
3 17 17 17 17
8 16 8 16 8 16 8 5 5 5
1
17 3 3 17
16 16 16 16
a b c
b c a a b c
( )
= > >
+ +
5 15 17
17
3 17 3 17 3 17
2
2 (2 2 2 )
2 2 2
2
3
a b c
a b c
. Vi = = =
1
2
a b c th
=
3 17
Min
2
S
Cch 2: Bin i v s dng bt ng thc BunhiaCpski ta c
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-TP HU
( )
( )
( )
| | | |
+ = + + > +
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
+ + = + + > +
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
+ = + + > +
| |
\ . \ .
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1 1 1 4
1 4
17 17
1 1 1 1 4
1 4
17 17
1 1 1 1 4
1 4
17 17
a a a
b b b
b b b
c c c
c c c
a a a
| |
> + + + + +
|
\ .
1 4 4 4
17
S a b c
a b c
1 | |
= + + + + + + + +
1 |
\ . ]
1 1 1 1 15 1 1 1
4 4 4 4
17
a b c
a b c a b c
1 | |
| |
> + = + 1 |
|
\ . ]
\ .
6 3
3
1 1 1 1 15 1 1 1 1 45 1
6 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
17 17
abc
a b c a b c
abc
| | | |
> + > + =
| |
+ +
\ .
|
\ .
1 45 1 1 45 3 17
3 3 2
4 4 2
17 17
3
a b c
. Vi = = =
1
2
a b c th
=
3 17
Min
2
S
Cch 3: t
( ) ( ) ( )
= = =
, , ,
1 1 1
, ; , ; , u a v b w c
b c a
Do + + > + +
, , , , , ,
u v w u v w nn suy ra :
( )
| |
= + + + + + > + + + + +
|
\ .
2
2
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
S a b c a b c
a b c b c a
=
( )
| | | |
+ + + + + + + +
| |
\ . \ .
2 2
2
1 1 1 1 15 1 1 1
16 16
a b c
a b c a b c
>
( )
( )
| |
+ + + + +
|
\ .
2
3
15
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 3
4 16
a b c
a b c a b c
-TP HU
>
( )
+
3
3
2
3
1 135 1
1 1 1
3 3
2 16
abc
a b c
abc
>
( )
+
+ +
2
9 135
1
2 16
3
a b c
> + = + = =
9 135 18 135 153 3 17
4
2 16 4 4 4 2
. Vi = = =
1
2
a b c th =
3 17
Min
2
S
Bi 6. a) Lp bng bin thin v tm gi tr ln nht ca hm s
+
=
+
2
3
1
x
y
x
b) Cho + + =1 a b c . Chng minh rng: + + + + + >
2 2 2
1 1 1 10 a b c
Gii. a) TX: = R D ;
( )
( )
' = = = =
+ +
2 2
1 3 1 1
0 10
3 3
1 1
x
y x y
x x
( ) ( )

+ +
= = =
+
+
2
2 2
3 / 3 /
lim lim lim lim
1 1
1
x x x x
x x x x
x
y
x
x
x x
.
Suy ra
+
= = lim 1; lim 1
x x
y y . Nhn BBT
ta c
+
= s =
+
2
3
10 max 10
1
x
y y
x
b) Theo phn a) th s 10 , y x + s +
2
3 10. 1, x x x .
c bit ha bt ng thc ny ti cc gi tr = = = , , x a x b x c ta c:
= + s +
= + s +
= + s +
2
2
2
: 3 10. 1
: 3 10. 1
: 3 10. 1
x a a a
x b b b
x c c c
( )
+ + + s + + + + +
2 2 2
9 10. 1 1 1 a b c a b c
s + + + + +
2 2 2
10 1 1 1 a b c
Cch 2. Trn mt phng ta Oxy t
( ) ( ) ( ) = = =
, , ,
;1 ; ;1 ; ;1 OA a AB b BC c .
Khi ( ) = + + = + +
, , , ,
; 3 OC OA AB BC a b c .
x 1/3 +
y ' + 0 0
y
1
10
1
a
a+
b
a+b+c
C
A
B
1
2
3
O x
1
y
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-TP HU
Do + + > + + =
, , , , , , ,
OA AB BC OA AB BC OC
T suy ra + + + + + >
2 2 2
1 1 1 10 a b c
-TP HU
BI TP P DUNG:
Bi 1. Cho | | e , , 0,1 x y z tho mn iu kin: + + =
3
2
x y z .
Tm Max, Min ca biu thc: ( ) = + +
2 2 2
cos S x y z
Gii. Do | | e , , 0,1 x y z nn
t
< + + < + + = <
2 2 2 3
0
2 2
x y z x y z .
V hm s o = cos y nghch bin trn
( )
t
0,
2
nn bi ton tr thnh.
1. Tm MaxS hay tm Min( ) + +
2 2 2
x y z
( )
( ) ( ) + + = + + + + > + + =
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 1
1 1 1
3 4
x y z x y z x y z .
Vi = = =
1
2
x y z th MaxS =
3
cos
4
2. Tm MinS hay tm Max( ) + +
2 2 2
x y z
Cch 1: Phng php tam thc bc hai:
Khng mt tnh tng qut gi s { }
1
= e
1
]
1
, , ;1
2
z Max x y z z . Bin i v nh gi
a v tam thc bc hai bin z
( )
( )
( )
+ + = + + > + = + =
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 3 9
2 2 3
2 4
x y z z x y xy z z z z f z
Do th hm y = f(z) l mt parabol quay b lm ln trn nn ta c:
( )
( )
( )
{ } ( )
( )
= = = =
5 1 1
Max Max ; 1 1
2 2 4
f z f f f f .
Vi = = =
1
1; ; 0
2
z x y th MinS =
5
cos
4
Cch 2: Phng php hnh hc
Xt h ta cc vung gc Oxyz. Tp hp cc im ( ) , , M x y z tho mn iu
kin | | e , , 0,1 x y z nm trong hnh lp phng ABCDA
'B'C'O cnh 1 vi A(0, 1, 1);
B(1, 1, 1); C(1, 0, 1); D(0, 0, 1); A'(0, 1, 0); B'(1, 1, 0); C'(1, 0, 0).
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-TP HU
Mt khc do + + =
3
2
x y z nn ( ) , , M x y z nm trn mt phng (P): + + =
3
2
x y z
Vy tp hp cc im ( ) , , M x y z tho mn iu kin gi thit nm trn thit din
EIJKLN vi cc im E, I, J, K, L, N l trung im cc cnh hnh lp phng. Gi
O' l hnh chiu ca O ln EIJKLN th O' l tm ca hnh lp phng v cng l
tm ca lc gic u EIJKLN. Ta c O'M l hnh chiu ca OM ln EIJKLN. Do
OM
2
= + +
2 2 2
x y z nn OM ln nht O'M ln nht
M trng vi 1 trong 6 nh E, I, J, K, L, N.
T suy ra:
( )
+ + s = + =
2 2 2 2 5 1
1
4 4
x y z OK
( )
( )
+ + >
2 2 2 5
cos cos
4
x y z
Vi = = =
1
1; ; 0
2
z x y th MinS =
5
cos
4
Bi 2. ( thi TSH 2007 khi B)
Cho > , , 0 x y z . Tm Min ca S
| |
| | | |
= + + + + +
|
| |
\ .
\ . \ .
1 1 1
2 2 2
y
z x
x y z
yz zx xy
Gii: S dng bt ng thc Csi cho 9 s ta c
S
| |
= + + + + + + + + > = =
|
\ .
4 4 4
2 2 2
9
4 4 4
9 9 9 1
. Min
2 2 2 2
y y x y z
z z x x
x y z S
yz yz zx zx xy xy x y z
Bi 3. ( thi TSH 2005 khi A)
Cho > , , 0 x y z ; + + =
1 1 1
4
x y z
. Tm Min ca S = + +
+ + + + + +
1 1 1
2 2 2 x y z x y z x y z
Gii: S dng bt ng thc Csi cho cc s a, b, c, d > 0 ta c:
y
3/ 2
O
E
1
1
K
3/ 2
J
M
z
x
I
L
N
3/ 2
1
O'
-TP HU
( )
( )
+ + + + + + > =
+ + + >
+ + +
4
4
1 1 1 1 1
4. .4. 16
16 1 1 1 1
a b c d abcd
a b c d abcd
a b c d a b c d
+ + + > =
+ + + + +
+ + + + > =
+ + + + +
+ + + > =
+ + + + +
| | | |
= + + > + + =
| |
+ + + + + +
\ . \ .
16 16 1 1 1 1
2
16 16 1 1 1 1
2
16 16 1 1 1 1
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
16 4 16 Min 1
2 2 2
x x y z x x y z x y z
x y y z x y y z x y z
x y z z x y z z x y z
S
x y z x y z x y z x y z
Bi 4. Cho x,yeR tha mn iu kin ( ) ( ) + + + =
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 4 0 x y x y x y
Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca biu thc S= +
2 2
x y
Gii. Bin i ( ) ( ) ( ) + + + + =
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 1 4 0 x y x y x y x y
( ) ( ) + + + + =
2
2 2 2 2 2
3 1 4 0 x y x y x ( ) ( ) + + + =
2
2 2 2 2 2
3 1 4 x y x y x
Do 4x
2
s 0 nn ( ) ( ) + + + s
2
2 2 2 2
3 1 0 x y x y
+
s + s
2 2
3 5 3 5
2 2
x y
Vi x = 0, y =

3 5
2
, th

+ =
2 2
3 5
Min( )
2
x y .
Vi x = 0, y =
+
3 5
2
, th
+
+ =
2 2
3 5
Max( )
2
x y
Bi 5. Cho x
2
+ xy + y
2
= 3. Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca biu thc:
S = x
2
xy + y
2
Gii Xt y = 0 x
2
= 3 S = 3 l 1 gi tr ca hm s.
Xt y = 0, khi bin i biu thc di dng sau y
( )
+
+ +
= = = = =
+ + + + + +
2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
/ ( / ) 1
1
3 ( / ) ( / ) 1 1
x y x y
S x xy y t t
u u
x xy y x y x y t t
vi =
x
t
y
u(t
2
+ t + 1) = t
2
t + 1 (u 1)t
2
+ (u + 1)t + (u 1) = 0 (*)
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-TP HU
+ Nu u = 1, th t = 0 x = 0, y = 3 u = 1 l 1 gi tr ca hm s
+ Nu u = 1, th u thuc tp gi tr hm s phng trnh (*) c nghim t
A = (3u 1)(3 u) > 0 s = s
1
1 3
3
u .
Vy tp gi tr ca u l
1
1
]
1
,3
3
=
1
Min
3
u ; Max u = 3
Min S = 1 =
1
Min
3
u t = 1
=
= =
+ + =
2 2
1
3
x y
x y
x xy y
Max S = 9 Maxu = 3 t = 1

= = =

+ + =
= =

2 2
3, 3
3
3, 3
x y x y
x xy y
x y
Bi 5. Tm gi tr ln nht ca hm s = + + +
2 2 2
sin sin sin ( ) S x y x y
Gii . = + + +
2 2 2
sin sin sin ( ) S x y x y =

+ + +
2
1 cos2 1 cos2
1 cos ( )
2 2
x y
x y
S
1
= + + = + + + +
1
]
2 2 9 1
2 cos( )cos( ) cos ( ) cos( )cos( ) cos ( )
4 4
x y x y x y x y x y x y
S
1
= + + s
1
]
2
2 9 9 1 1
cos( ) cos( ) sin ( )
4 2 4 4
x y x y x y .
Vi
t
t = = +
3
x y k , (ke) th =
9
Max
4
S
BI TP T LUYN:
Bi 1. Gi s { } = > > > + + = ( ; ; ) / 0, 0, 0, 1 D x y z x y z x y z . Tm gi tr ln nht ca
biu thc: = + +
+ + + 1 1 1
x y z
P
x y z
.
HD:
| |
= + +
|
+ + +
\ .
1 1 1
3
1 1 1
P
x y z
S dng bt ng thc C
si:
-TP HU
| |
1 + + + + = + + >
] |
+ + +
\ .
1 1 1
( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 9
1 1 1
x y z
x y z
P s
3
4
. Du = xy ra x = y = z =
1
3
. Vy =
3
min
4
D
P .
Bi 2. Cho D =

> > + = `
)
5
( ; ) / 0, 0,
4
x y x y x y . Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
= +
4 1
4
S
x y
.
HD: ( )
| |
+ + + + + + + + >
|
\ .
1 1 1 1 1
4 25
4
x x x x y
x x x x y

| |
+ + >
|
\ .
4 1
4( ) 25
4
x y
x y
S > 5. Du = xy ra x = 1, y =
1
4
. Vy minS = 5.
Bi 3. Cho D = { } > > + < ( ; ) / 0, 0, 1 x y x y x y . Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
= + + + +
+
2 2
1
1 1
x y
P x y
x y x y
.
HD: = + + + + + +
+
2 2
1
(1 ) (1 ) 2
1 1
x y
P x y
x y x y
= + +
+
1 1 1
2
1 1 x y x y
.
S dng bt ng thc C
si:
| |
1 + + + + + >
] |
+
\ .
1 1 1
(1 ) (1 ) ( ) 9
1 1
x y x y
x y x y
+ + >
+
1 1 1 9
1 1 2 x y x y
P >
5
2
. Du = xy ra x = y =
1
3
. Vy minP =
5
2
.
Bi 4. Cho D = { } > > + > ( ; ) / 0, 0, 4 x y x y x y . Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
+ +
= +
2 2
2
3 4 2
4
x y
P
x y
.
HD:
| | +
= + + + + +
|
\ .
2
1 1
2
4 8 8 2
x y y x y
P
x y
(1)
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-TP HU
Theo bt ng thc C
si: + > =
1 1
2 . 1
4 4
x x
x x
(2)
+ + > =
3
2 2
1 1 3
3 . .
8 8 8 8 4
y y y y
y y
(3)
P >
9
2
. Du = xy ra x = y = 2. Vy minP =
9
2
.
-TP HU
BI 4. NG TIM CN CA HM S:
A. KIN THC CN NH
1. nh ngha:
- ng thng =
0
x x gl ng tim cn
ng
ca
th hm s
= ( ) y f x
nu t nht mt trong cc iu kin sau c tho mn:
+
= +
0
lim ( )
x x
f x ;
+
=
0
lim ( )
x x
f x ;
= +
0
lim ( )
x x
f x ;

=
0
lim ( )
x x
f x
- ng thng =
0
y y gl ng tim cn ngang ca th hm s = ( ) y f x
nu t nht mt trong cc iu kin sau c tho mn:
+
=
0
lim ( )
x
f x y ;

=
0
lim ( )
x
f x y
- ng thng = + = , 0 y ax b a gl ng tim cn xin ca th hm s
= ( ) y f x nu t nht mt trong cc iu kin sau c tho mn:
+
1 + =
]
lim ( ) ( ) 0
x
f x ax b ;

1 + =
]
lim ( ) ( ) 0
x
f x ax b
2. Ch :
a) Nu = =
( )
( )
( )
P x
y f x
Q x
l hm s phn thc hu t.
- Nu Q(x) = 0 c nghim x
0
th
th c tim cn ng
=
0
x x .
- Nu bc P(x) s bc Q(x) th th c tim cn ngang.
- Nu bc P(x) = bc Q(x) + 1 th th c tim cn xin.
b) xc nh cc h s a, b trong phng trnh ca tim cn xin, ta c th p
dng cc cng thc sau:
+ +
1 = =
]
( )
lim ; lim ( )
x x
f x
a b f x ax
x
hoc

1 = =
]
( )
lim ; lim ( )
x x
f x
a b f x ax
x
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-TP HU
Cc tnh gii hn v cc ca hm s =
( )
( )
f x
y
g x
0
lim ( )
x x
f x
0
lim ( )
x x
g x
Du ca g(x)

0
( )
lim
( )
x x
f x
g x
L Tu 0
+ +
L
>0
0
- -
- +
L
<0
0
+ -
-TP HU
B. PHN LOI V PHNG PHP GII BI TP:
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1. Tm cc ng tim cn ca cc hm s sau:
2 1 3 4 4
) ; ) ; ) ; )
2 1 1 2 6
x x x
a y b y c y d y
x x x x
+
= = = =
+ +
Hng dn:
a) Hm s cho xc nh trm R \ {0}.
Ta c:
= lim ( ) 1 y=-1 la tiem can ngang cua o th ham so khi

x
f x x
+
= = + lim ( ) 1 1 la tiem can ngang cua o th ham so khi
x
f x y x
0 0
lim ( ) , lim ( ) 0 la tiem can ng cua o th ham so khi
0 va 0
x x
f x f x x
x x
+

+
= + = =

=
( )
lim 0 Ham khong co tiem can xien khi
x
f x
x
x
Cc cu khc lm tng t
Bi 2. Tm cc ng tim cn ngang v ng ca cc hm s sau:
( )
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 5 1 4
) ; ) ;
2 4 3 4 7
2 3 1
) ; )
1
3
x x x x
a y b y
x x x x
x x x
c y d y
x
x
+ + +
= =
+ + +
+ +
= =

Hng dn:
DNG 1: TM TIM CN NGANG V NG CA TH HM S
BNG NH NGHA
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-TP HU
2 2
2
1 1
2
1 1
2 2
2
1 1
)Ham co tiem can ngang la: 1;
Tiem can ng la: 1. V:
2 3 2 3 1
lim lim .
1 1 1
1 1 2 3
v lim 0; lim
1 2 1
2 3 2 3 1
lim lim .
1 1 1
x x
x x
x x
c y
x
x x x x
x x x
x x
x x
x x x x
x x x
+ +
+ +

=
=
+ + + +
= = +
+
| |
+ +
= > = +
|
+
\ .
+ + + +
= =
+
2
1 1
1
1 2 3
v lim ; lim 3 0
1 1
Tng t cho lim ( )
x x
x
x x
x x
f x
+
| |
+ +
= = >
|
+
\ .
Cc cu khc lm tng t
Bi 3. Tm TCN v TC
ca th hm s:
3
3 2
) )
27
5
x
a y b y
x
x
= =
+

Hng dn:
( )
5 5
) Tap xac nh : D= ;5
2
Ta co: lim lim
5
Vay, o th co tiem can ng 5. Mat khac: lim 0 : 0
x x
x
b
y
x
x y TCN y

= = +
= = =
Bi 4. Tm TCN v TC ca th hm s:
2
2
2 1 2 1
) ; )
2 1
2
x x
a y b y
x
x x
+
= =
+ +
;
2
1
)
x
c y
x
+
=
Hng dn:
0 0
c)Ham so xac nh tren \{0}
lim ( ) 1 1 la tiem can ngang cua o th ham so khi
lim ( ) 1 1 la tiem can ngang cua o th ham so khi
lim ( ) ; lim ( )
x
x
x x
f x y x
f x y x
f x f x
+
+

= =
= = +
= = +
R
2
2
0 la tiem can ng cua o th ham so khi 0
va 0
( ) 1
lim lim 0 ham so khong co tiem can xien khi
x x
x x
x
f x x
x
x x
+

=
+
= =
-TP HU
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-TP HU
BI TP T LUYN:
Bi 1. Tm tim cn ng v tim cn ngang ca th hm s sau:
2
2
3
2 3 2 7
. .
1 - 4
3 -4
. .
1 27
x x x
a y b y
x x
x
c y d y
x x
+ + +
= =
+
= =
+ +
Bi 2. Tm tim cn cc hm s
2
2
3 1
. . .
1 1
4
x x x x
a y b y c y
x x
x
+ + +
= = =
+

2
-2
-4
-5 5
2
-2
-4
-5 5
2
-2
-4
-5 5
-TP HU
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1. Tm gi tr ca tham s m sao cho th hm s
2 2 1 x m
y
x m
+
=
+
c
tim cn ng qua im M( -3;1)
Hng dn:
Ta c:
2 2 1 1
2
x m
y
x m x m
+
= =
+ +
c tp xc
nh l
\ { } D m = R
lim lim TCD:
x m x m
y y x m
+

= = =
T ta tm c 3 m =
Bi 2. Tu theo m, tm cc ng tim cn ca
( )
+
=
+ +
2
2
:
6
x
C y
x x m
Hng dn:
( )
2
1 2
1 2
Xet phng trnh 6 0 vi 9
9 :ham khong co tiem can ng. TCN: 0
9 : : 3; : 0
8 9 :Phng trnh (*) co hai nghiem pha n biet ; .
: ;
: 0
1
8: , 2 ...
4
x x m m
m y
m TC x TCN y
m x x
TC x x x x
TCN y
m y x
x
+ + = A =
> =
= = =
= <
= =
=
= = =
+
....
Bi 3. Cho hm s :
3x 4
y
x 2
. Tm im thuc (C) cch u 2 ng tim cn .

Hng dn:
Gi M(x;y) e(C) v cch u 2 tim cn x = 2 v y = 3
| x 2 | = | y 3 |
3x 4 x
x 2 2 x 2
x 2 x 2
= =

( )
x 1
x
x 2
x 4 x 2
=
=

=

DNG 2: MT S BI TON LIN QUAN N TIM CN. TM THAM S M
THA IU KIN K
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-TP HU
Vy c 2 im tho mn bi l : M
1
( 1; 1) v M
2
(4; 6)
Bi 4. Cho hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x
+
=
+
. Tm nhng im trn (C) sao cho tng khong cch n
hai tim cn l nh nht.
Hng dn:
0
0
0
0
0 0
0 0
2 1
Goi M ; ( ).Goi A va B lan lt la hnh chieu cua M len tiem can ng
1
2 1 1
va tiem can ngang th MA= 1; 2 2
1 1
............Co hai iem M
x
x C
x
x
x MB y
x x
| | +
e
|
+
\ .
+
+ = = =
+ +
BI TP T LUYN:
Bi 1. Tm gi tr ca tham s m sao cho
2 7
2
x m
y
x m
+ +
=
+
c tim cn ng qua im
( 7;1) M
Bi 2. Tm m th ca cc hm s sau c ng hai tim cn ng:
a) =
+ + +
2 2
3
4 2(2 3) 1
y
x m x m
b)
+
=
+ + +
2
2
2
3 2( 1) 4
x
y
x m x
c)
+
=
+ +
2
3
2
x
y
x x m
d)

=
+ + + +
2 2
3
2( 2) 1
x
y
x m x m
e)

=
+ +
2 2
1
2( 1) 2
x
y
x m x m
f) =
+ +
2
3
2 2 1
y
x mx m
Bi 3. Cho hm s
2
1
x m
y
mx
+
=
. Tm m sao cho
th hm s c tim cn ng,
tim cn ngang v cc tim cn cng vi hao trc ta to thnh mt hnh ch
nht c din tch bng 8.
Hng dn:
1 2 1
ieukien : 0; 8 . 8
2
m S m
m m
= = = =
-TP HU
Bi 4. Tm m
th hm s
( )
2
3 1 2
1
mx m x m
y
x
+ + +
=
+
c tim cn xin A,
bit A tip xc vi ng trn tm I(1;2), bn knh
2
Hng dn:
( )
ieukien : 0; Tiem can xien : 2 1 2 1 0
1
tiep xuc vi ng tronI 1;2 , ban knh bang 2 ( ; ) 2
1
7
m y mx m mx y m
m
d I
m
= A = + + + + =
=
A A =

=
Bi 5. Tm cc ng tim cn ca ng cong:
2
3
( ) :
4
x
C y
x x m
+
=

Bi 6. Ty theo gi tr ca tham s m. Tm tim cn ca th hm s sau:
3
1
1
x
y
mx
Hng dn:
3
1 1
* 0 - 1:ham khong co tiem can
1
* 1 ( ) lim ( ) 0 y=0 la tiem can ngang cua o th ham so
1
1
V lim ( ) lim ( ) o th ham so khong co tiem can ng
3
0
*
1
x
x x
m y x
x
m f x f x
x
f x f x
m
m
+

= = +
= = =
= =
=
=
3
3
1
ham so xac nh tren \
ngthang y=0 la tiem can ngang cua o th ham so
1
ngthang x= la tiem can ng cu a o th ham so
m
m

`
)
R
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-TP HU
CH : TIM CN XIN (NHM 2: SEMINAR)
MT S BI TP THO LUN:
Bi 1. Tm tim cn xin ca th hm s:
2 3 2
2
2 -3 5 2 2 5 1
. 2 1 . .
1 3 1 1
x x x x
a y x b y c y
x x x x
+ +
= + + = =
+ + +
Bi 2. Tm tim cn ca cc th hm s sau:
= +
= +
2
2
) 2 2
) 1
a y x x
b y x x
Hng dn:
a) Hm s cho xc nh trm R.
Ta c:
( )
+ +
= = = =
= +
( )
lim 1; lim ( ) 1
1 la tiem can xien cua o th ham so khi
x x
f x
a b f x ax
x
y x x
( )
+
= = = =
= +
( )
lim 1; lim ( ) 1
x x
f x
a b f x ax
x
y x x
b) Hm s cho xc nh trn
( )
1 +
]
; 1 1; .
Ta c:
( )
+ +
= = = =
= +
( )
lim 2; lim ( ) 0
x x
f x
a b f x ax
x
y x x
( )
+
= = = =
=
( )
lim 0; lim ( ) 0
x x
f x
a b f x ax
x
y x
Nhn xt:
1. Xt hm s
( )
2
( ) 0 f x ax bx c a = + + =
Neu 0 th o th ham so khong co tiem can xien a <
-TP HU
Neu 0 th o th ham so co tiem can xien khi

2
va co tiem can xien khi
2
b
a y a x
a
b
x y a x x
a
| |
> = +
|
\ .
| |
+ = +
|
\ .
2. Xt hm s
( )
2
( ) 0 f x mx n p ax bx c a = + + + + >
th hm s co tiem can xien la ng thang y
2
b
mx n p a x
a
= + + +
Bi 3. Tm tim cn ca th hm s sau:
2
2 4 2 y x x x = +
Bi 4. Cho hm s
+ +
=
2
1
( )
1
x x
y C
x
.
a) Chng minh tch khong cch t mt im bt k trn (C) n hai ng
tim cn l khng i
b) Khng c tip tuyn no ca (C) i qua giao im ca hai tim cn.
Hng dn:
a)
0 0
0
3
( ) ; 2
1
M C M x x
x
| |
e + +
|
\ .
1
2
la : 1 0
la : 2 0
TCN x
TC x y
A =
A + =
. T
:
( )
1 2
3 2
.
2
d d pcm =
b)
( )
1 2
1;3 I = A A .
( )
0 0 0
0
Gia s la tiep tuyen bat ky cua (C), luc o co dang:
: '( )
6
0 : phng trnh nay vo nghiem. Vay khong co tiep tuyen nao
1
cua o th i qua I
y f x x x y
I
x
A A
A = +
eA =
Bi 5. Cho hm s
( )
+
=
+
2 2
3 2 2
( )
3
mx m x
y C
x m
.
1. Tm m gc gia hai tim cn bng 45
0
2. Tm mng tim cn xin ct hai trc ta ti cc im A,B to thnh
tam gic c din tch bng 4.
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-TP HU
Hng dn:
6 2
Ta co: - 2
3
1
th ham so co tiem can 6m-2 0 m
3
: 3 0; : 2 0
m
y mx
x m
o
TCN x m TC mx y
= +
+
= =
+ = =
1. Gc gia hai tim cn bng
0
45
1 2
0
1 2
.
2
os45 1
2
.
n n
c m
n n
= = =
, ,
, ,
2. Hm c tim cn xin
( )
0
2
.Khi o: A 0; 2 ; ; 0
1
3
m
B
m m
=
| |
|
=
\ .
1
. 4 2
2
ABC
S OAOB m
A
= = =
Bi 5. Tm gi tr ca tham s m sao cho th ham s
+ +
=
2
2 3 2
1
x mx m
y
x
c
tim cn xin to vi cc trc to mt tam gic c din tch bng 4.
Bi 6. Tm m th ca cc hm s sau c tim cn xin:
a)
+ + +
=
+
2
(3 2) 2 1
5
x m x m
y
x
b)
+ + + +
=
+
2
(2 1) 3
2
mx m x m
y
x
Bi 7. Tnh din tch ca tam gic to bi tim cn xin ca th cc hm s sau
chn trn hai trc to :
a)
+ +
=
2
3 1
1
x x
y
x
b)
+
=
+
2
3 4
2
x x
y
x
c)
+
=
2
7
3
x x
y
x
Bi 8. Tm m tim cn xin ca th cc hm s sau to vi cc trc to m
t
tam gic c din tch S ch ra:
a)
+
=
2
1
1
x mx
y
x
; S = 8 b)
+ +
=
+
2
(2 1) 2 3
1
x m x m
y
x
; S = 8
c)
+ + +
=
+
2
2 2(2 1) 4 5
1
x m x m
y
x
; S = 16 d)
+
=
2
2 2
1
x mx
y
x
; S = 4
-TP HU
Bi 9. Chng minh rng tch cc khong cch t mt im bt k t
rn th ca cc
hm s n hai tim cn bng mt hng s:
a)
+
=
2
1
1
x x
y
x
b)
+
=
+
2
2 5 4
3
x x
y
x
c)
+
=
2
7
3
x x
y
x
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-TP HU
DNG 3: CC DNG TON LIN QUANNNG TIM CN HM
PHN THC
Bi ton 1: Cc bi ton lin quan n khong cch
Bi 1. Cho hm s
1
( )
2
x
y C
x
a) Chng minh rng tch cc khong cch t im M thuc (C) n hai ng

tim cn bng mt s khng i
b) Tm im M thuc (C) tng khong cch t M n hai ng tim cn t
gi tr nh nht.
Hng dn:
a)
0
0
1
;1 ( )
2
M x C
x
| |
+ e
|
|
\ .
. Gi
1 2
; d d ln lt l khong cch t Mn tim
cn ng v tim cn ngang th
1 2
. 1 d d =
b)
1 2 0
0
1
2 2
2
d d x
x
+ = + >
Bi ton 2: Da vo tnh cht hai nhnh ca th (C) nm v hai pha (C) ca

ng tim cn.
Bi 1. Cho hm s
2
( )
2 1
x
y C
x
+
=
+
. Vi gi tr no ca m th ng thng
( )
: 1
m
d y mx m = + ct (C)
a) Ti hai im thuc cng mt nhnh ca th
b) Ti hai im thuc hai nhnh ca th
Hng dn:
Phng trnh honh giao im ca ng thng ( )
m
d v (C)
( )
2
1
2
2
1
2 1
2 3 1 3 0 (1)
x
x
mx m
x
mx m x m
=
+
+ =

+

+ + =

-TP HU
a) ng thng ( )
m
d ct (C) ti hai im thuc cng mt nhanh ca th khi
(1) c hai nghim
1 2
, x x sao cho
1 2 1 2
0 1 1
(hoac - )
2 2 3
m
x x x x
m
<
< < < <

=
b) ng thng ( )
m
d ct (C) ti hai im thuc cng
hai nhanh ca th khi
(1) c hai nghim
1 2
, x x sao cho
1 2
0 0 x x m < < >
Bai 2. Cho ham so
2
( )
1
x
y C
x
+
=
a) Tm cac iem thuoc hai nhanh cua o th sao cho khoang cach cua chung
la ngan nhat
b) Goi (d) la ng thang qua A(1;0) co he so goc k. Tm k e (d) cat (C) tai
hai iem M, N thuoc hai nhanh cua (C) sao cho 2 AM AN =
, ,
Hng dan:
a) Goi P va Q lan lt la cac iem thuoc nhanh phai va nhanh trai cua o th
ham so th
( ) ( )
3 3
1 ;1 0 ; 1 ;1 0 . P a a Q b b
a b
| | | |
+ + > + + >
| |
\ . \ .
Ta co:
( )
2
2
2
1 1 36
9 4 24 PQ a b ab
a b ab
| |
= + + + > + >
|
\ .
2 6 3
36
4
a b
MinPQ a b
ab
ab
=
= = =
b) Phng trnh ng thang (d):

( )
1 y k x = . Phng trnh honh giao
im ca ng thng ( ) d v (C)
( )
( )
2
1
2
1
1 2 1 2 0 (1)
x
x
k x
x kx k x k
=
+
=

+ + =
ng thng ( )
m
d ct (C) ti hai im thuc hai nh
anh ca th khi (1) c hai
nghim
1 2
, x x sao cho
1 2
1 0 x x k < < > .
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-TP HU
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1
1 2
Ta co: ; ; ; nen 1; ; 1;
2
2 1 2 1
3
M x y N x y AM x y AN x y
AM AN x x k
= =
= = =
, ,
, ,
Bi ton 3: Tnh chat tiep tuyen tai mot iem tuy y thuoc (C)
Bai 1. Cho ham so
2 1
( )
1
x
y C
x
Goi I la giao iem cua hai ng tiem can, M la mot iem tuy y tren (C). Tiep
tuyen tai M cua o th (C) cat hai ng tiem can tai P va Q.
a) Chng minh rang M la trung iem cua PQ va dien tch tam giac IPQ khong
oi
b) Tm tren o th (C) iem M sao cho 2 2 IP IQ + =
, ,
Hng dan:
( )
0
0
0
0
0
0
2 1
; ( ). Phng trnh tiep tuyen tai M cat hai ng tiem can lan
1
2
lt tai hai iem 1; va Q 2 1; 2
1
) Ta co: 2 . Vay M la trung iem cua PQ
S
P Q M
IP
x
M x C
x
x
P x
x
a x x x
| |
e
|
|
\ .
| |

|
|
\ .
+ =
0
0
1 1 2
. . .2 1 2
2 2 1
Q
IP IQ x
x
= = =
0
0
) Theo ket qua cau a) th M la trung iem PQ nen 2
0
2
2
b IP IQ IM
x
IM
x
+ =
=
=

=
, , ,
-TP HU
BAI TAP T LUYEN
Bai 1. Cho ham so
2
( ) :
x m
C y
x m
+
=
. Goi I la giao iem cua hai ng tiem can.

Tm m e ng tron tam I, ban knh 2 R = tiep xuc vi 2 y x m = + .
Bai 2. Cho
7
( ) :
2
x
C y
x
+
=
. Goi I la giao iem cua hai ng tiem can. Tm

( ) : 2 sao cho IM nho nhat M d y x e = + .
Bai 3. Cho ham so
2 1
( ) :
1
x
C y
x
=
+
. Goi I la giao iem hai ng tiem can. Tm
tren o th (C) iem M sao cho tiep tuyen tai M vi o th (C) cat hai ng tiem
can tai A va B thoa man 2 10 IA IB + =
, ,
Bai 4 .Cho ham so
2 3
( ) :
2
x
C y
x
. Goi I la giao iem hai ng tiem can. M la

iem bat k tren (C), tiep tuyen tai M vi o th (C) cat hai ng tiem can tai A
va B. Tm toa o iem M sao cho ng tron ngoai tiep tam giac IAB co dien tch
nho nhat.
Bai 5. Cho ham so
2 4
( ) :
1
x
C y
x

=
+
. Tm tren o th (C) iem M sao cho tiep
tuyen tai M vi o th (C) tao vi hai ng tiem can mot tam giac co chu vi nho
nhat
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-TP HU
BI 5: KHO ST HM S
VN 1: HM TRNG PHNG
Min xc nh : D=R
o hm:
( )
3 2
' 4 2 2 2 y ax bx x ax b = + = +
Phng trnh ' 0 y = hoc c mt nghim ( . 0 a b > ) hoc c 3 nghim phn
bit. Do hm s hoc ch c mt cc tr hoc c ba cc tr.
Gii hn:
4
2 4
khi 0
lim lim 1
ax ax khi 0
x x
a b c
y ax
a

+ > | |
= + + =
|
<
\ .
Bng bin thin:
Du ca ' y ph thuc vo du ca ( 0 0) a a hay a > < v du ca a.b, do
ta c bn trng hp bng bin thin khc nhau.
th hm s: Do bn trng hp khc nhau v chiu bin thin nn
th ca hm trng phng c bn dng sau
y:
DNG 1: Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s
y=ax
4
+bx
2
+c ( 0) a =
-TP HU
Hm s chn nn th nhn trc Oy lm trc i xng
a > 0 a < 0
y = 0 c 3 nghim
phn bit
ab < 0
y = 0 ch c
1 nghim
ab > 0
y
x 0
y
x 0
y
x 0
y
x 0
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-TP HU
MT S BI TP RN LUYN KHO ST HM S:
Bi 1. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (trng hp c 3 cc tr):
4
4 2 2
3
) )
4 2
x
a y x x b y x = = +
Bi 2. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (trng hp c 1 cc tr):
4
4 2 2
1 3 3
) )
2 2 4 2
x
a y x x b y x = + = +
BI TP T LUYN:
Bi 1. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s
4 2 4 2
4 2 4 2
1
) 1 ) 4 20
2
) 4 3 ) 2 1
a y x x b y x x
c y x x d y x x
= + = +
= + = + +
Bi 2. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm
4 2 4 2
4 2 4 2
4 2 4 2
. - 2 b. 2
1 5
. 6 1 . 3
2 2
. - 2 3 . 2 1
a y x x y x x
c y x x d y x x
e y x x f y x x
= + = +
= + = =
= + + = + +
-TP HU
Mt s tnh cht ca hm trng phng
1. Hm s lun c cc tr vi mi gi tr ca tham s sao cho
0 a =
2. Hm s t gi tr cc i, cc tiu (c ba cc tr)
2
' 0 2 (2 ) 0 y x ax b = + = c ba nghim phn bit 0
2
b
a
<
3. th hm s lun nhn Oy l trc i xng.
4. Hm s c hai cc i v mt cc tiu
0
0
a
b
<

>
5. Hm s c mt cc i v hai cc tiu
0
0
a
b
>

<
6. Nu hm s c ba cc tr tr chng to thnh mt tam gic cn.

7. th (C) ct Ox ti 4 im phn bit lp thnh cp s cng:
{ }
2
2
1 2 2 1 1 2
2 1
2
2
4 2
( ) Ox , , , : 0 (*) co 4 nghiem
tao thanh CSC
0
, 0. Luc o: (*)
0
0 0
3
( ) 0
( ) 0
Giai he p
C A B C D AB BC CD hay ax bx c
t
at t x t
at bt c
t t t t t t
ycbt t t
g t at bt c
g t at bt c
= = = + + =
>
= >

+ + =
< < < < < <

=

= + + =
= + + =

2 1
1 2
1 2
9
hng trnh :
t t
S t t
P t t
=
= +
8. iu kin cn t mt im trn trc i xng k n th hm

trng phng (C) ba tip tuyn l ba tip tuyn phi c mt tip
tuyn nm ngang.
DNG 2: MT S BI TON LIN QUAN
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-TP HU
9. iu kin ca tham s th hm s
4 2
( 0) y ax bx c a = + + = tip
xc vi Ox ti hai
im phn bit:
0
2
0
2
b
a
b
y
a
<

| |
= |
|
\ .
10. Phng trnh trng phng
4 2
0 ( 0) (*) ax bx c a + + = =
t
2
, 0 t x t = > lc phng trnh tr thnh
( )
2
0 0 at bt c a + + = = . Ta
thy rng: c 1 nghim dng ca (**) th s cho ra 2 nghim (1 m, 1
dng) ca phng trnh (*).
Vy: iu kin cn v phng trnh(*) c nghim l phng trnh
(**) c t nht 1 nghim khng m.
- Phng trnh (*) c 4 nghim (**) c 2 nghim dng phn
bit
0
0
0
P
S
A >
>
>
- Phng trnh (*) c 3 nghim (**) c 1 nghim dng v 1

nghim bng 0
0
0
P
S
=

>
- Phng trnh (*) c 2 nghi

m
(**) c 1 nghim d
ng
0 P <
0
0
2
S
A =

>
- Phng trnh (*) c 1 nghim (**) c nghim tha

1 2
1 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
P
S
t t
t t
S
<

< =
A =
= =

-TP HU
- Phng trnh (*) v nghim (**) v nghim hoc c 2 nghim
m
0
0
0
0
P
S
A <
A >
>
<

MT S BI TP IN HNH
Bi 1. Cho hm s
4 2
( ) 2 y f x x x = =
1. Kho st v v
th (C) ca hm s.
2. Trn (C) ly hai im phn bit A v B c honh ln lt l a v b . Tm
iu kin i vi a v b hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B song song vi nhau.
Hng dn:
Ta c
3
'( ) 4 4 f x x x = . Gi a, b ln lt l honh ca A v B.
H s gc tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B l
3 3
'( ) 4 4 , '( ) 4 4
A B
k f a a a k f b b b = = = =
Tip tuyn ti A, B ln lt c phng trnh l:
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
' ' ( ) af' a y f a x a f a f a x f a = + = + ;
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
' ' ( ) f' b y f b x b f b f b x f b b = + = +
Hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B song song hoc trng nhau khi v ch khi:
( )( )
3 3 2 2
4a 4a = 4b 4 1 0 (1)
A B
k k b a b a ab b = + + =
V A v B phn bit nn a b = , do (1) tng ng vi phng trnh:
2 2
1 0 (2) a ab b + + =
Mt khc hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B trng nhau
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2 2
4 2 4 2
1 0
1 0
' '
3 2 3 2
a ab b
a ab b
a b
f a af a f b bf b
a a b b
+ + =
+ + =

=

=
+ = +
,
Gii h ny ta c nghim l (a;b) = ( -1;1), hoc (a;b) = (1;-1), hai nghim ny
tng ng vi cng mt cp im trn th l
( )
1; 1 v
( )
1; 1 .
Vy iu kin cn v hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B song song vi nhau l
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-TP HU
2 2
1 0
1
a ab b
a
a b
+ + =
Bi 2. Cho hm s
4 3 2
x 2x 3 x 1 (1) y x m m = + + .
1). Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1) khi m = 0.
2). nh m hm s (1) c hai cc tiu.
H
ng dn:
4 3 2
x 2x 2 x 1 y x m m = + + (1)
o hm
/ 3 2 2
4 3 4 3 ( 1)[4 (4 3 ) 3 ] y x mx x m x x m x m = + = + + +
/
2
1
0
4 (4 3 ) 3 0 (2)
x
y
x m x m
=
=

+ + + =
Hm s c 2 cc tiu y c 3 cc tr y
/
= 0 c 3 nghim phn bit
(2) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 1
2
(3 4) 0 4
.
3 4 4 3 3 0
m
m
m m
A = >
=
+ + + =
Gi s: Vi
4
3
m = , th y
/
= 0 c 3 nghim phn bit
1 2 3
, , x x x
Bng bin thin:
x - x
1
x
2
x
3
+
y
/
- 0 + 0 - 0 +
y +
CT
C
CT
+
T bng bin thin ta thy hm s c 2 cc tiu.
Kt lun: Vy, hm s c 2 cc tiu khi
4
.
3
m =
Bi 3.
1.Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s y = x
4
4x
2
+ 3
-TP HU
2.Tm a phng t rnh :
4 2
3
4 log 3 0 x x a + + = c 4 nghim thc phn
bit
Hng dn:
Theo th cu 1 bi ton yu cu tng ng 1 <
3
log a < 3
3
log 1 a <
3
1 log 1 a < <
Bi 4. Cho hm s
4 2 2
2(1 ) 1 y x m x m = + +
1: Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s vi m=0
2: Tm m hm s c cc i cc,cc tiu v cc im cc tr ca th hm
s lp thnh tam gic c din tch ln nht.
Hng dn:
y
'
=4x
3
-4(1-m
2
)x
Lp lun hm s c cc i,cc tiu khi v ch khi 1 m <
Ta cc im cc tr:
A(0;m+1); B(
2 4 2
1 ; 2 m m m m + + ) ; C(-
2 4 2
1 ; 2 m m m m + + )
S ABC A =
2 4 2 2 5
1
. ( ; ) 1 2 1 (1 ) 1
2
BC d A BC m m m m = + = s .Du bng xy ra
khi m=0
Vy m=0
Bi 5.Cho hm s
4 2
5 4, y x x = + c th (C)
1. Kho st v v th (C).
2. Tm m phng trnh
4 2
2
| 5 4 | log x x m + = c 6 nghim phn bit.
Hng dn:
9
4
4
12
9
log 12 144 12
4
m m = = =
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-TP HU
Bi 6. Cho hm s:
4 2 2
( 10) 9 y x m x = + + .
1.Kho st s bthin v v th ca hm s ng vi m = 0
2)Tm m
th ca hs ct trc honh ti 4 im pbit
1 2 3 4
, , , x x x x tha :
1 2 3 4
8 x x x x + + + =
Hng dn:
Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C
m
) v Ox.
4 2 2
( 10) 9 0 x m x + + = (1) t
2
( 0) t x t = > Ptrnh tr
thnh:
2 2
( 10) 9 0 t m t + + = (2) Ta c k:
2 2
2
( 10) 36 0
9 0 ,
10 0,
m
P m
S m m
A = + >
= > e
= + >
R => 0 < t
1
< t
2
, vi
2
t x x t = =
V hs cho l hs chn v theo bi ta c :
1 2 1 2 1 2
4 2 . 16 t t t t t t + = + + =
(3)
p dng Viet :
2
1 2 1 2
10 , 9
b c
t t m t t
a a
+ = = + = = .
Ta c pt: m
2
+ 10 = 10 m = 0.
Bi 7. Cho hm s
( )
4 2
3 1 2 11 y x m x m = + + . Tm m (C
m
) ct ng thng
(d): 2 13 y m = + ti 4 im c honh lp thnh cp s cng.
Hng dn:
m
) v Ox.
4 2
3 ( 1) 2 0 x m x + = (1). t
2
( 0) t x t = > . Ptrnh cho tr thnh:
2
( 1) 2 0 t m t + = (2) Ta c k:
0
0 2 6 1
0
P m
S
A >
> > +
>
.
-TP HU
Khi phng trnh (2) c hai nghim dng
1 2
; t t . Gi s
1 2
0 t t < < , khi
phng (1) c 4 nghim phn bit c sp xp theo th t tng dn l
2 1 1 2
, , , t t t t . Bn nghim ny lp thnh cp s cng nn:
( )
1 2 1 2 1 2 1
2 3 9 (1) t t t t t t t + = = =
Theo nh l vi-t ta c:
1 2
1 2
1
(2)
3
2
. (3)
3
m
t t
t t

+ =
T (1) v (2) ta tm c :
( )
1 2
9 1
1
;
30 30
m
m
t t

= = v t (3) cho ta:

10 6
1 ( )
3
10 6
1
3
m loai
m
= +
MT S BI T LUYN:
Bi 1 (TNTHPT-2008). Cho hm s
4 2
2 y x x =
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s.
b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s ti im c honh x = -2
Bi 2. Cho hm s
4 3 2
4 3( 1) 1 y x mx m x = + + + +
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s vi m =0
b. V
i gi tr no ca m hm s c 3 cc tr
Bi 3 (H Lt - 2002)
a. Gii phng trnh
4 2
2 1 0 x x + =
b. Kho st v v th hm s y =
4 2
2 1 x x +
c. Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh
4 2
2 1 0 x x m + =
Bi 4 (H Thi Nguyn - 2002) Cho hm s
4 2
m
2 (C ) y x mx = +
a. Kho st v v th hm s vi m = 1
b. Hy xc nh m hm s th hm s c 3 cc tr
-TP HU
Bi 5. (H Vinh - 2002)
1. Kho st v v th hm s
4 2
5 4 y x x = +
2. Xc nh m phng trnh
4 2 2
5 3 0 x x m + = c 4 nghim phn bit.
Bi 6. Cho hm s
4
2
9
2
4 4
x
y x =
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s
b. Bin lun theo k s giao im ca (C) vi th (P) ca hm s
2
2 y k x =
Bi 7. Cho hm s
4 2 3 2
2 y x mx m m = +
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi m = 1
b. Xc nh m th ( )
m
C ca hm s cho tip xc vi trc honh ti 2
im
Bi 8. (H Cn th
- 2002). Cho hm s
4 2
2 2 y x x m = + (C
m
)
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s vi m = 0
b. Tm cc gi tr ca m th (C
m
) ca hm s ch c hai im chung vi
Ox
c. Chng minh vi mi m tam gic c 3 nh l ba cc tr l mt tam gic
vung cn.
Bi 9. Cho hm s
4 2 2
2 1 y x m x = +
a. Kho st v v th hm s vi m =1
b. Tm m th hm s c ba cc tr l ba nh ca tam gic vung cn.
Hng dn:
Hm s cho xc nh trn R
Ta c:
( )
=
2 2
' 4 y x x m . Vi = 0 m hm c ba cc tr. Khi ta cc im cc
tr l
( ) ( ) ( )

4 4
0;1 ; ;1 ; ;1 A B m m C m m .
D thy
=
, ,
. 0
AB AC
AC AB
nn tam gic ABC vung cn + = =
2 2 2
1 AB AC BC m .
-TP HU
Vy, = 1 m l nhng gi tr cn tm
Bi 10. Cho hm s y = x
4
2(2m
2
1)x
2
+ m (1)
1/ Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1.
2/ Tm m th ca hm s (1) tip xc vi trc hanh.
Bi 11.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s: y = x
4
6x
2
+ 5
2. Tm m phng trnh: x
4
6x
2
log
2
m = 0 c 4 nghim phn bit trong 3
nghim ln hn 1.
Hng dn:
Pt x
4
6x
2
+ 5 = 5 + log
2
m
Nhn vo th ta thy yu cu bi ton
0 < 5 + log
2
m < 5 1/32 < m < 1
Bi 12. Cho hm s
4 2
8 9 1 y x x = +
1. Kh
o st s bin thin v v th hm s
2. Da vo th bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh:
4 2
8cos 9cos 0, 0; x x m x t 1 + = e
]
Hng dn:
4 2
4 2
4 2
1
at cos , phng tnh a cho tr thanh 8 9 0 (2)
V x 0; nen t 1;1 .
Ta co: (2) 8 9 1 1 (3).
Goi (C ) : 8 9 1, 1;1 ; ( ) : 1
So nghiem cua phng trnh (3) chnh
t x t t m
t t m
y t t t D y m
t
= + =
1 1 e e
] ]
+ =
1 = + e =
]
1
1
la so giao iemcua o th (C ) va (D).
Chu y rang: o th (C ) giong vi o th (C) trong mien -1 t 1.
Da vao o th (C) ta rut ra c ket luan....
s s
Bi 12. Cho hm s
4 2
1
1
4
y x mx m = +
a) Kho st hm s khi m=1
. .
.
. .
x o
y
4
5
1 -1
. .
.
. .
x o
y
4
5
1 -1
-TP HU
b) Tm m hm s c 3 cc tr v ba cc tr ca th hm s to thnh mt
tam gic c din tch l 2
Bi 13. Cho (C
m
):
( )
4 2
2 3 1 2 1 y x m x m = + + . Tm m sao cho (C
m
):
a) Ct trc honh ti hai im A,B sao cho AB=4
b) Ct : 2 y A = ti 4 im c honh lp thnh cp s cng.
-TP HU
VN 2 : HM BC BA
PHNG PHP CHUNG:
Tp xc nh: D=R
o hm:
2
2
' 3 2
' 0 3 2 0 (1)
y ax bx c
y ax bx c
= + +
= + + =
Nu (1) c hai nghim phn bit, hm s c cc i v cc tiu
Nu (1) v nghim hay c nghim kp, th hm s n iu trn TX
Gii hn:
3
2 3
0
lim lim 1
0
x x
khi a b c d
y ax
ax ax ax khi a

+ > | |
= + + + =
|
<
\ .
Bng bin thin:
Du ca ' y ph thuc vo du ca
( )
0 0 a a hay a > < v du ca
' y
A , do ta c
bn trng hp bin thin khc nhau.
th hm s: Do c bn trng hp khc nhau v chiu bin thin nn th ca
hm bc ba c bn dng sau ay:
a > 0 a < 0
y = 0 c 2 nghim
phn bit
'
0
y
A >
( C hai cc tr)
y = 0 v nghim hoc
c nghim kp
'
'
0
0
y
y
A =
A <
y
x 0
I
y
x 0
I
y
x 0
I
y
x 0
I
DNG 1: KHO ST V V
TH HM BC
BA
-TP HU
( Khng c cc tr)
@Mo nh: i vi trng hp th hm s khng c cc tr, v th c
p v chnh xc ta nn tmim un (im m ti o hm cp hai bng 0)
bit th un ln u?
V ta d dng thy rng: th hm s nhn im un lm tm i xng
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s sau: (Trng hp c cc tr)
3 2 3 2
) 3 1 ) 2 3 2 a y x x b y x x = + =
Bi 2. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s: (Trng hp ' 0 y = c nghim
kp)
3 2 3 2
1
) 3 3 1 ) 1
3
a y x x x b y x x x = + = + +
Bi 3. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s: (Trng hp ' 0 y = v nghim)
3 2 3 2
) 3 4 2 ) a y x x x b y x x x = + = +
BI TP T LUYN: Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s sau:
3 2 3 2
3 3 2
1 5
) 2 1 ) 3
3 3
1 2 1
) 3 )
4 3 3
a y x x x b y x x x
c y x x d y x x
= + + = + + +
= = +
-TP HU
MT S LU KHI GII TON:
Cho hm s
3 2
ax ( ) y bx cx d C = + + +
1. iu kin cn v th (C) c cc i v cc tiu ( c cc tr) l:
' 2
( ) 3ax 2 0 y g x bx c = = + + = c hai nghim phn bit
1. Phng trnh ng thng qua hai im cc tr. Ba im A, I, B thng hng
(I l im un: im m ti y=0, A v B l hai im cc tr)
- Gi s y = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit v y = k(Ax + B)y + r x + q vi k l
hng s khc 0 th phng trnh ng thng qua 2 im cc tr l y = r x
+ q. Vy phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im phn bit chnh l
phn d trong php chia a thc ( ) : '( ) f x f x
- chng minh ba im A,I, B thng hng ta chng minh AB k AI =
, ,
2. Qy tch cc tr, im un hm bc ba:
T cc im A,B,I cha tham s m, ta tm c qu tch ca chnh cc im
bng cch:
- Kh tham s m
- Gii hn khong chy ca ta t iu kin tn ti m vi moih gi tr
tham s m
m
D e
- Qy tch ca A,B, hay I l y = r x + q.
4. Xc nh tham s m th hm bc 3 ct trc honh trong tng trng hp
c th:
a) (C) tip xc vi Ox th h sau c nghim
0
' 0
y
y
=
b) (C) ct Ox ti 3 im phn bit
1 2
1 2
' 0 co 2 nghiem phan biet x ,
( ). ( ) 0
y x
y x y x
=
<
x"0
C
x1
(C)
yC
y
A
o
x2
x
(H.3)
yC
x0 x'0
B
DNG 2: MT S BI TON LIN QUAN
N H
M BC BA
-TP HU
c) (C) ct Ox ti 2 im phn bit
1 2
1 2
' 0 co 2 nghiem phan biet x ,
( ). ( ) 0
y x
y x y x
=
d) (C) ct Ox t nht 1 im
3 2
ax 0( 0) bx cx d a + + + = = khng th v
nghim
e) (C) ct Ox ti 1 im duy nht
1 2
1 2
phng trnh y'=0 co nghiem kep hoac vo nghiem
' 0 co hai nghiem phan biet x ,
( ) ( ) 0
y x
y x y x
>

f) Phng trnh
3 2
ax 0( 0) bx cx d a + + + = = c 3 nghim dng
0 0
. 0 . 0
hoac
(0) 0 (0) 0
0 0
CD CT CD CT
CD CT
a a
y y y y
f f
x x
> <

< <

< >

> >

(C)
A
x0 O
x
y
(h.1a)
(C)
A
x0
x
y
(h.1b)
x1 o x2
yCT
yC
(C)
yC
y
A
x0
o
x1
B
x'0
(yCT = f(x0) = 0)
x
(H.2)
-TP HU
g) Phng trnh
3 2
ax 0( 0) bx cx d a + + + = = c 3 nghim m
0 0
. 0 . 0
hoac
(0) 0 (0) 0
0 0
CD CT CD CT
CT CD
a a
y y y y
f f
x x
> <

< <

> <

< <

h) Phng trnh
3 2
ax 0( 0) bx cx d a + + + = = c 2 nghim dng:
0 0
y'=0 co hai nghiem phan biet y'=0 co hai nghiem phan biet
hoac
. 0 . 0
0 0
CD CT CD CT
CT CT
a a
y y y y
x x
> <

< <

> >

i) Phng trnh
3 2
ax 0( 0) bx cx d a + + + = = c 2 nghim m:
0 0
y'=0 co hai nghiem phan biet y'=0 co hai nghiem phan biet
hoac
. 0 . 0
0 0
CD CT CD CT
CD CT
a a
y y y y
x x
> <

< <

< <

-TP HU
5. Phng trnh bc 3 ct Ox lp thnh cp s cng tc (C) ct Ox ti 3 im phn
bit cch
u nhau.
{ }
( )
1 3 2
y'=0 co hai nghiem phan biet
2 hay ( ) Ox , , :
0 : iem uon I
DU
x x x C A B C AB BC
f x Ox
+ = = =

= e
6. Bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh : ax

3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d = 0 (1) (a = 0) khi x =
o l 1 nghim ca (1).
Nu x = o l 1 nghim ca (1), ta c
ax
3
+ bx
2
+ cx + d = (x - o)(ax
2
+ b
1
x + c
1
)
nghim ca (1) l x = o vi nghim ca phng trnh ax
2
+ b
1
x + c
1
= 0 (2). Ta
c cc trng hp sau:
- nu (2) v nghim th (1) c duy nht nghim x = o
- nu (2) c nghim kp x = o th (1) c duy nht nghim x = o
- nu (2) c 2 nghim phn bit = o th (1) c 3 nghim phn bit
- nu (2) c 1 nghim x = o v 1 nghim khc o th (1) c 2 nghim.
- nu (2) c nghim kp = o th (1) c 2 nghim
7. Tip tuyn : Gi I l im un. Cho M e (C):
3 2
ax ( 0) y bx cx d a = + + + = .
- Nu M I th ta c ng 1 tip tuyn qua M.
- Nu M khc I v M ( ) C e th ta c ng 2 tip tuyn qua M.
- Bin lun s tip tuyn qua 1 im N khng nm trn (C) ta c nhiu
trng hp h
n.
- Nu a>0: h s gc ca tip tuyn ti im un b nht; a<0: h s gc
ca tip tuyn ti im un ln nht
-TP HU
BI TP MU:
Cho h ng cong bc ba (C
m
) v h ng thng (D
k
) ln lt c phng
trnh l : y = x
3
+ mx
2
m v y = kx + k + 1.
(I) PHN I. Trong phn ny cho m = 3. Kho st v v th (C) ca hm s.
1) Gi A v B l 2 im cc i v cc tiu ca (C) v M l im bt k trn
cung AB vi M khc A , B . Chng minh rng trn (C) ta tm c hai im
ti c tip tuyn vung gc vi tip tuyn ti M vi (C).
2) Gi A l ng thng c phng trnh y = 1. Bin lun s tip tuyn v
i (C)
v t E e A vi (C).
3) Tm E e A qua E c ba tip tuyn vi (C) v c hai tip tuyn vung gc
vi nhau.
4) nh p
trn (C) c 2 tip tuyn c h s gc bng p, trong trng hp ny
chng t trung im ca hai tip im l im c nh.
5) Tm M e (C) qua M ch c mt tip tuyn vi (C).
(II) PHN I I.Trong phn ny cho tham s m thay i.
6) Tm im c nh ca (C
m
). nh m hai tip tuyn ti hai im c nh ny
vung gc nhau.
7) nh m (C
m
) c 2 im cc tr. Vit phng trnh ng thng qua 2 im
cc tr.
8) nh m (C
m
) ct Ox ti 3 im phn bit.
9) nh m :
a) hm s ng bin trong (1, 2).
b) hm s nghch bin trong (0, +).
10) Tm m (C
m
) ct Ox ti 3 im c honh to thnh cp s cng.
11) Tm iu kin gia k v m (D
k
) ct (C
m
) ti 3 im phn bit. Tm k (D
k
)
ct (C
m
) thnh hai on bng nhau.
12) Vit ph
ng trnh tip tuyn vi (C
m
) v i qua im (-1, 1).
13) Chng minh rng trong cc tip tuyn vi (C
m
) th tip tuyn ti im un c
h s gc ln nht.
-TP HU
BI GII
PHN I : m = 3
Kho st v v th (c gi t lm)
1) Gi n l honh ca M. V hm s t cc tiu ti x = 0 v t cc i ti x =
2 nn 0 < n < 2; y' = 3x
2
+ 6x h s gc ca tip tuyn ti M l k
1
= 3n
2
+
6n e (0, 3] (v n e (0, 2)). ng thng vung gc vi tip tuyn ti M c h s
gc l k
2
=
1
1
k
(vi 0 < k
1
s 3). Honh ca tip tuyn vung gc vi tip
tuyn M l nghim ca 3x
2
+ 6x =
1
1
k
(= k
2
) 3x
2
6x
1
1
k
= 0. Phng
trnh ny c a.c < 0, k
1
e (0, 3] nn c 2 nghim phn bit, k
1
e (0, 3]. Vy
trn (C) lun c 2 im phn bit m tip tuyn vung gc vi tip tuyn ti
M.
2) E (e, 1) e A. Phng trnh tip tuyn qua E c
dng y = h(x e) + 1 (D). (D)
tip xc (C) h
3 2
3 3 ( ) 1
2
3 6
x n h x e
x x h
+ = +
+ =
c nghim.
Phng trnh honh tip im ca (D) v (C) l :
x
3
+ 3x
2
3 = ( 3x
2
+ 6x)(x e)+ 1 (1)
x
3
+ 3x
2
4 = x( 3x + 6)(x e)
(x 2)(x
2
x 2) = 3x(x 2)(x e)
x = 2 hay x
2
x 2 = 3x
2
3ex
x = 2 hay 2x
2
(3e 1)x + 2 = 0 (2)
(2) c A = (3e 1)
2
16 = (3e 5)(3e + 3)
(2) c nghim x = 2 8 2(3e 1) + 2 = 0 e = 2
Ta c A > 0 e < 1 hay e >
5
3
.
Bin lun :
-TP HU
i) Nu e < 1 hay
5
3
< e < 2 hay e > 2
(1) c 3 nghim phn bit c 3 tip tuyn.
ii) Nu e = 1 hay e =
5
3
hay e = 2
(1) c 2 nghim c 2 tip tuyn.
iii) Nu 1 < e <
5
3
(1) c 1 nghim c 1 tip tuyn.
Nhn xt : T th, ta c y = 1 l tip tuyn ti (2, 1) nn phng trnh (1) chc
chn c nghim x = 2, e.
3) V y = 1 l tip tuyn qua E (e, 1), e v ng x = o khng l tip tuyn nn
yu cu bi ton.
(2) c 2 nghim phn bit x
1
, x
2
tha : y'(x
1
).y'(x
2
) = 1
5
1
3
, (2)
1 2
2 2
( 3 6 )( 3 6 ) 1
1 1 2 2
e e
x x la nghiem cua
x x x x
< v >
+ + =
5
1
3
3 1
1 2
2
. 1
1 2
9 . ( 2)( 2) 1
1 2 1 2
e hay e
e
x x
x x
x x x x
< >
+ =
5
1
3
9[1 (3 1) 4] 1
e haye
e
< >
+ =
e =
55
27
. Vy E
55
,1
27
| |
|
\ .
4) Tip im ca tip tuyn (vi (C)) c h s gc bng p l nghim ca :
-TP HU
y' = p 3x
2
6x + p = 0 (3)
Ta c A' = 9 3p > 0 p < 3
Vy khi p < 3 th c 2 tip tuyn song song v c h s gc bng p.
Gi x
3
, x
4
l nghim ca (3).
Gi M
3
(x
3
, y
3
); M
4
(x
4
, y
4
) l 2 tip im. Ta c :
3 4
1
2 2
x x b
a
+
= =
3 3 2 2
3 4 3 4 3 4
( ) 3( ) 6
1
2 2
y y x x x x + + + +
= =
Vy im c nh (1, 1) (im un) l trung im ca M
3
M
4
.
5) Cch 1 : i vi hm bc 3 (a = 0) ta d dng chng minh c rng :
M e (C), ta c :
i) Nu M khc im un, ta c ng 2 tip tuyn qua M.
ii) Nu M l im un, ta c ng 1 tip tuyn qua M.
Cch 2 : Gi M(x
0
, y
0
) e (C). Phng trnh tip tuyn qua M c dng :
y = k(x x
0
)
3 2
0 0
3 3 x x + (D)
Phng trnh honh tip im ca (D) v (C) l :
3 2 2 3 2
0 0 0
3 3 ( 3 6 )( ) 3 3 x x x x x x x x + = + + ( 5 )
3 3 2 2 2
0 0 0
3( ) ( )( 3 6 ) 0 x x x x x x x x + + =
2 2 2
0 0 0 0
0 3 3 3 6 0 x x x xx x x x x x = v + + + =
2 2
0 0 0 0
2 (3 ) 3 0 x x hay x x x x x = + + =
0 0 0
( )(2 3) 0 x x hay x x x x = + =
0
0
3
2
x
x x hay x

= =
Do , c ng 1 tip tuyn qua M (x
0
, y
0
) e (C)
-TP HU
0
0 0
3
1
2
x
x x
= =
Suy ra, y
0
= 1. Vy M(1, 1) (im un).
Nhn xt : v x
0
l 1 honh tip im nn pt (5) chc chn c nghim kp l
x
0
Phn II : Tham s m thay i. y' = 3x
2
+ 2mx
6) (C
m
) qua (x, y), m
y + x
3
= m (x
2
1) , m
2
3
1 0 1 1
1 1 0
x x x
hay
y y y x
= = =

= = + =

Vy (C
m
) qua 2 im c nh l H(1, 1) v K(1, 1).
V y' = 3x
2
+ 2mx nn tip tuyn vi (C
m
) ti H v K c h s gc ln lt l
:
a
1
= y'(1) = 3 + 2m v a
2
= y'(1) = 3 2m.
2 tip tuyn ti H v K vung gc nhau.
a
1
.a
2
= 1 9 4m
2
= 1 m =
10
2
.
7) Hm c cc tr y' = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit.
3x
2
= 2mx c 2 nghim phn bit.
x = 0 v x =
2
3
m
l 2 nghim phn bit.
m = 0. Khi , ta c :
2
2 1 1
'
9 3 9
y m x m x m y
| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .
v phng trnh ng thng qua 2 cc tr l :
2
2
9
y m x m = (vi m = 0)
8) Khi m = 0, gi x
1
, x
2
l nghim ca y' = 0, ta c :
-TP HU
x
1
.x
2
= 0 v x
1
+ x
2
=
2
3
m
y(x
1
).y(x
2
) =
2 2
1 2
2 2
9 9
m x m m x m
| || |

| |
\ .\ .
=
2 2
1 2
2
( )
9
m x x m + + =
4 2
4
27
m m +
Vi m = 0, ta c y(x
1
).y(x
2
) < 0
2
4
1 0
27
m + <
2
27 3 3
4 2
m m > >
Vy (C
m
) ct Ox ti 3 im phn bit.
1 2
1 2
' 0 2 ,
( ). ( ) 0
y co nghiem phan biet x x
y x y x
=
<
3 3
2
m >
Nhn xt :
i) Khi
3 3
2
m < th phng trnh y = 0 c 2 nghim m v 1 nghim dng.
ii) Khi
3 3
2
m > th phng trnh y = 0 c 2 nghim dng v 1 nghim m.
9) a) Hm ng bin trn (1,2) 3x
2
+ 2mx > 0, x e (1,2). Nu m = 0 ta c
honh 2 im cc tr l 0 v
2
3
m
.
i) Nu m < 0 th hm ch ng bin trn
2
, 0
3
m 1
1
]
. Vy loi trng hp m < 0
ii) Nu m = 0 hm lun nghch bin (loi).
-TP HU
iii) Nu m > 0 th hm ch ng bin trn
2
0,
3
m 1
1
]
Do , ycbt m > 0 v
2
[1,2] 0,
3
m 1
c
1
]
2
2 3
3
m
m > >
b) T cu a, ta loi trng hp m > 0.
Khi m s 0 ta c hm s nghch bin trn
2
,
3
m | 1
1
\ ]
v hm s cng nghch bin
trn [0, +).
Vy hm nghch bin trn [0, +) th m s 0.
Ghi ch : nn lp bng bin thin thy r rng hn.
10) y" = 6x + 2m , y" = 0 x =
3
m
(C
m
) ct Ox ti 3 im cch u nhau.
y = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit v im un nm trn trc honh.
3 2
3 3
3 3
2
2
0
. 0
3
27 9
m
m
m
m m
y
m m

> >

| |

=
+ =
|

\ .
2
3 3
3 6
2
2
2
1 0
27
m
m
m
>

=
11) Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C

m
) v (D
k
) l
x
3
+ mx
2
m = kx + k + 1
m(x
2
1) = k(x + 1) + 1 + x
3
x + 1 = 0 v m(x 1) = k + 1 x + x
2
x = 1 hay x
2
(m + 1)x + k + m + 1 = 0 (11)
-TP HU
a) Do , (D
k
) ct (C
m
) ti 3 im phn bit
(11) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 1
2
1 1 1 0
( 1) 4( 1) 0
m k m
m k m
+ + + + + =
+ + + >
(*)
2
2 3
2 3
4
k m
m m
k
=

<
b) V (D
k
) qua im K(1,1) e (C
m
) nn ta c :
(D
k
) ct (C
m
) thnh 2 on bng nhau.
(D
k
) qua im un
3
2
;
3 27
m m
m
| |
|
\ .
ca (C
m
)
3
2
1 1
27 3
m m
m k
| |
= + +
|
\ .
3
2 27 27
9( 3)
m m
k
m

=
+
(**)
Vy ycbt k tha (*) v (**).
12) Phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C
m
) i qua (1,1) c dng :
y = k(x + 1) + 1 (D
k
)
Vy, phng trnh honh tip im ca (D
k
) v (C
m
) l :
x
3
+ mx
2
m = ( 3x
2
+ 2mx)(x + 1) + 1 (12)
m(x
2
1) = ( 3x
2
+ 2mx)(x + 1) + 1 + x
3
x + 1 = 0 v m(x 1) = 3x
2
+ 2mx + 1 x + x
2
x = 1 hay 2x
2
+ (1 m)x m 1 = 0 (13)
x = 1 v
1
2
m
x
+
=
y' (1) = 2m 3
2
1 1 1
' 3 2
2 2 2
m m m
y m
| | | | | | + + +
= +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
=
1
4
(m
2
2m 3)
-TP HU
Vy phng
trnh ca 2 tip tuyn qua (1, 1) l :
y = (2m + 3)(x + 1) + 1
y =
1
4
(m
2
2m 3)(x + 1) + 1
Nhn xt : C 1 tip tuyn ti tip im (1, 1) nn phng trnh (12) chc chn c
nghim kp l x = 1 v phng trnh (13) chc chn c nghim l x = 1.
13) Cc tip tuyn vi (C
m
) ti tip im ca honh x c h s gc l :
h = 3x
2
+ 2mx
Ta c h t cc i v l max khi
2 3
b m
x
a
= = (honh im un)
Vy tip tuyn ti im un c h s gc ln nht.
Nhn xt :
2
2 2
2 2
3 2 3
3 3 3
m m m
x mx x
| |
+ = + s
|
\ .
MT S BI TP IN HNH:
Bi 1. Cho hm s y = 4x
3
+ mx
2
3x
1. Kho st v v th (C) hm s khi m = 0.
2. Tm m hm s c hai cc tr ti x
1
v x
2
tha x
1
= - 4x
2
Hng dn:
D = R
y = 12x
2
+ 2mx 3
Ta c: A = m
2
+ 36 > 0 vi mi m, vy lun c cc tr
1 2
1 2
1 2
4
6
1
4
x x
m
x x
x x
+ =
9
2
m =
Bi 2. Cho hm s
( )
3 2
( ) 3 1 1 y f x mx mx m x = = + , m l tham s
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s trn khi m = 1.
-TP HU
2. Xc nh cc gi tr ca m hm s ( ) y f x = khng c cc tr.
Hng dn:
+ Khi m = 0 1 y x = , nn hm s khng c cc tr.
+ Khi 0 m =
( )
2
' 3 6 1 y mx mx m = +
Hm s khng c cc tr khi v ch khi ' 0 y = khng c nghim hoc c nghim
kp
( )
2 2
' 9 3 1 12 3 0 m m m m m A = + = s
1
0
4
m s s
Bi 3. Cho hm s :
3 2 3
3 1
2 2
y x mx m = +
1. Kho st hm s vi m=1.
2. Xc nh m th hm s c cc i,cc tiu i xng vi nh au qua t:
y=x
Hng dn:
Tac
2
0
' 3 3 3 ( ) 0
x
y x mx x x m
x m
=
= = =

=
ta thy vi 0 m = th y i du khi i qua cc nghim do vy hm s c C,CT

+ Nu m>0 hm s c C ti x=0 v
3
1
2
MAX
y m = ;c CT ti x=m v 0
MIN
y =
+ Nu m<0 hm s c C ti x=m v 0
MAX
y = ;c CT ti x=0 v
3
1
2
MIN
y m =
Gi A v B l cc
im cc tr ca hm s. A v B i xng vi nhau qua ng
phn gic y=x,iu kin t c v l OA OB = tc l:
3 2
1
2 2
2
m m m m = = =
Bi 4. Cho hm s
3 2
2 ( 3) 4 y x mx m x = + + + + c th l (C
m
)
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C
1
) ca hm s trn khi m = 1.
-TP HU
2) Cho (d ) c phng trnh y = x + 4 v im K(1;
3). Tm cc gi tr ca
tham s m sao cho (d) ct (C
m
) ti ba im phn bit A(0; 4), B, C sao cho tam gic
KBC c din tch bng 8 2 .
Hng dn:
Phng trnh honh im chung ca (C
m
) v d l:
3 2 2
2
2 ( 3) 4 4 (1) ( 2 2) 0
0
( ) 2 2 0 (2)
x mx m x x x x mx m
x
g x x mx m
+ + + + = + + + + =
=

= + + + =
(d) ct (C
m
) ti ba im phn bit A(0; 4), B, C phng trnh (2) c 2 nghim
phn bit khc 0.
/ 2
1 2 2 0
( )
2 (0) 2 0
m m m m
a
m g m
s v > A = >

= = + =

.
Mt khc:
1 3 4
( , ) 2
2
d K d
+
= = Do :
2
1
8 2 . ( , ) 8 2 16 256
2
KBC
S BC d K d BC BC
A
= = = =
2 2
( ) ( ) 256
B C B C
x x y y + = vi ,
B C
x x l hai nghim ca phng trnh (2).
2 2 2
2
( ) (( 4) ( 4)) 256 2( ) 256
( ) 4 128
B C B C B C
B C B C
x x x x x x
x x x x
+ + + = =
+ =
2 2
1 137
4 4( 2) 128 34 0
2
m m m m m

+ = = = (tha K (a)).
Vy
1 137
2
m

=
Bi 5. Cho hm s: y = x
3
+ 3x
2
+ mx + 1 c (C
m
); (m l tham s).
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s khi m = 3.
2. Xc nh m (C
m
) ct ng thng y = 1 ti 3 im phn bit C(0, 1), D,
E sao cho cc tip tuyn ca (C
m
) ti D v E vung gc vi nhau.
Hng dn:
-TP HU
m
) v ng thng y = 1 l:
x
3
+ 3x
2
+ mx + 1 = 1 x(x
2
+ 3x + m) = 0
2
0
3 0 (2)
x
x x m
=
+ + =
* (C
m
) ct ng thng y = 1 ti C(0, 1), D, E phn bit:
Phng trnh (2) c 2 nghim x
D
, x
E
= 0.
2
0
9 4 0
4
0 3 0 0
9
m
m
m m
=
A = >

< + + =
Lc tip tuyn ti D, E c h s gc ln lt l:
k
D
= y(x
D
) =
2
3 6 ( 2 );
D D D
x x m x m + + = +
k
E
= y(x
E
) =
2
3 6 ( 2 ).
E E E
x x m x m + + = +
Cc tip tuyn ti D, E vung gc khi v ch khi: k
D
k
E
= 1.
(3x
D
+ 2m)(3x
E
+ 2m) = 9x
D
x
E
+6m(x
D
+ x
E
) + 4m
2
= 1
9m + 6m (3) + 4m
2
= 1;(v x
D
+ x
E
= 3; x
D
x
E
= m theo nh l Vi-et).
4m
2
9m + 1 = 0 m =
( )
1
9 65
8
)
S: m =
( ) ( )
1 1
9 65 9 65
8 8
hay m = )
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1(TNTHPT 2008) .Cho hm s
3 2
2 3 1 y x x = +
a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s.
b) Bim lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh
3 2
2 3 1 x x m + =
Bi 2 (TN THPT- ln 2 2008). Cho hm s y = x
3
- 3x
2
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s cho.
b. Tm cc gi tr ca m phng trnh
3 2
3 0 x x m = c 3 nghim phn
bit.
-TP HU
Bi 3 (TNTHPT - 2007).Cho hm s y=
3
3 2 x x + c th l (C) .
a/ Kho st v v th hm s .
b/ Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti im A(2 ;4) .
Bi 4 (TNTHPT - 2006) .Cho hm s y=
3 2
3 x x + c th (C) .
a/ Kho st v v th hm s .
b/ Da vo th bin lun s nghim phng trnh :
3 2
3 x x + -m=0 .
Bi 5 (TNTHPT 2004- PB).Cho hm s y=
3 2
6 9 x x x + c th l (C) .
a/ Kh
o st v v th hm s .
b/ Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti im c honh l nghim ca phng
trnh y=0
c/ Vi gi tr no ca m th ng thng y=x+m
2
-m i qua trung im ca
on thng ni cc i vo cc tiu .
Bi 6 (TNTHPT 2004 - KPB).Cho hm s y=
3 2 3
3 4 x mx m + .
a/ Kho st v v th hm s khi m=1 .
b/ Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti im c honh x=1 .
Bi 7 (H- A- 2002). Cho hm s
3 2 2 3 2
3 3(1 ) y x mx m x m m = + + +
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s vi m= 1
b. Tm k phng trnh:
3 2 3 2
3 3 0 x x k k + + = c 3 nghim phn bit.
c. Vit phng trnh ng thng qua 2 im cc tr ca th hm s (1).
Bi 8 (C SP MGTW- 2004). Cho hm s y = x
3
- 3x
2
+ 4m
a. Chng minh th hm s lun c 2 cc tr.
b. Kho st v v th hm s khi m = 1
Bi 9 (H-B- 2007). Cho hm s
3 2 2 2
3 3( 1) 3 1 y x x m x m = + +
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s vi m =1
b. Tm m hm s c cc i cc tiu v cc im cc tr cch u im O.
Bi 10 (H - D - 2004)
Cho hm s
y = x
3
3mx
2
+ 9x + 1
-TP HU
b. Tm m nghim ca phng trnh y= 0 thuc ng thng y = x+ 1
BI TP T LUYN:
Bi 1.Cho hm s y = (x -1)(x
2
+ mx + m)
a. Tm m th hm s ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit
b. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
vi m= 4
Bi 2. Cho hm s
3 2
2 3( 1) 6( 2) 1 y x m x m x = + +
a. Kho st v v th hm s vi m =2
b. Vi gi tr no ca m hm s c cc i, cc tiu.
Bi 3. (H 2006- D. )Cho hm s
3
3 2 y x x = +
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
b. Gi d l
ng thng qua im A(3; 20) v c h s gc m. Tm m ng
thng d ct (C ) ti 3 im phn bit. (Gi ng thng d qua M(x
0
;y
0
) c
h s gc m c dng: y = m(x - x
0
) + y
0
)
Bi 4. Cho hm s y = (x - m)
3
- 3x
b. Tm m hm s cho t cc tiu ti im c honh x = 0
Bi 5.Cho hm s y = (x -1)(x
2
+ mx + m)
c. Tm m th hm s ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit
a) Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s vi m= 4
Bi 6.Cho hm s y =
3 2 2
2 2 x mx m x +
a. Kho st v v th hm s khi m =1
b. Tm m hm s t cc tiu ti x = 1
Bi 7. Cho hm s y = x(x 3)
2
(1)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1)
2. Tm tt c cc gi tr ca a ng thng (d): y = ax + b khng th tip xc vi
th ca hm s (1).
-TP HU
VN 3: HM HU T
PHNG PHP KHO ST HM NHT BIN
, ; 0
ax b d
y x ad bc
cx d c
| | +
= = =
|
+
\ .
Tp xc nh:
{ }
\ / D d c = R
o hm:
( )
2
' .
ad bc
y
cx d
=
+
- Nu 0 ad bc > hm s ng bin trn D
- Nu 0 ad bc < hm s nghch bin trn D
Gii hn, tim cn:
lim la tiem can ngang cua o th ham so
lim la tiem can ngang cua o th ham so
x
d
x
c
a a
y y
c c
d
y x
c
= =
= =
Bng bin thin:
th:
DNG 1: Kho st s bin thin v v
th hm s hu t

a
c
a
c
x
' y
y
+
a
c
a
c
+ +
x
' y
y
-TP HU
MT S BI TP RN LUYN KHO ST HM S:
Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s sau:
2 1 2
) ) )
1 1 2
2 2 1 3 2
) ) )
2 2 1
x x x
a y b y c y
x x x
x x x
d y e y f y
x x x
+
= = =
+ +
+ +
= = =
+ +
0
ad bc > 0
x
y
0
ad bc < 0
x
y
-TP HU
Mt s ch
1. Hm s c tim cn ng v tim cn ngang.
2. th hm s nhn giao im hai ng tim cn lm tm i xng
3. Khng c bt k tip tuyn no ca th hm s i qua giao im hai
ng tim cn
4. Gi M l im ty trn
( )
ax
( ) : 0
b
C y ad bc
cx d
+
= =
+
v (T) l tip
tuy
n ti M vi (C).
1 2
1 2
Ha ( ) : va MK (d ) : theo th t o.
Xac nh giao iem A=(T) (d ); =(T) (d ) (neu co) th:
d a
MH d x y
c c
B
= =

- AB lun nhn M lm trung im
- Din tch tam gic AIB khng i
- Tch s MH.MK khng i
- Din tch t gic IHMK khng i
- M,N nm v hai nhnh phn bit ca th hm s th cc honh
ca x
M
, x
N
nm v hai pha tim cn ng
BI TP MU:
Bi 1. Cho hm s
1
1
x
y
x
+
=
.
a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s
DNG 2: Kho st v v hm s nht bin (htb1/1)
-TP HU
b) M(x
0
; y
0
) l mt im bt k thuc (C). Tip tuyn ca (C) ti M ct hai ng
tim cn ti A v B. Gi I l giao im ca hai tim cn. Chng minh din tch tam
gic IAB khng ph thuc vo v tr im M.
Hng dn:
1. Tp xc nh: D =
{ }
\ 1 R
2. S bin thin:
a) Chiu bin thin:
+
2
2
'
( 1)
y
x
=> ' 0 1 y x < = => HS nghch bin trn mi KX

b) Cc tr: HS khng c cc tr
c) Gii hn v tim cn:
+ lim 1; lim 1 1
x x
y y y
> >+
= = => = l TCN
+
1 1
lim ; lim
x x
y y
+
> >
= = + => 1 x = l TC
d) Bng bin thin
3. th: V ng, p
b) M(x
0
; y
0
) l mt im bt k thuc (C). Tip tuyn ca (C) ti M ct hai ng
tim cn ti A v B. Gi I l giao im ca hai tim cn. Chng minh din tch tam
gic IAB khng ph thuc vo v tr im M.
-TP HU
+
( )
0
0 0 0 0
0
1
; ( ) ( 1)
1
x
M x y C y x
x
+
e <=> = =
+ PTTT ti M c dng:
0
0 2
0 0
1 2
( )
1 ( 1)
x
y x x
x x
+
= +

(A)
+ Giao im ca 2 tim cn: (1;1) I
+ A = (A) TC => A=
0
0
3
1;
1
x
x
| | +
|
\ .
+ B = (A) TCN => B =
( )
0
2 1;1 x
+ IA =
0
4
1 x
+ IB =
0
2 1 x
+ S
IAB
=
1
2
.IA.IB = 4 (vdt) khng ph thuc v tr M
Bi 2. Cho hm s
2 1
2
x
y
x
+
=
+
c th l (C)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
2. Chng minh
ng thng d: y =
-x + m lun lun ct
th (C) ti hai im phn
bit A, B. Tm m on AB c di nh nht.
Hng dn:
2. Honh giao im ca th (C ) v ng thng d l nghim ca phng trnh
2
2 2 1
2 (4 ) 1 2 0 (1)
x x
x m
x x m x m
= +
= +

+ + + =
Do (1) c
2 2
1 0 ( 2) (4 ).( 2) 1 2 3 0 m va m m m A = + > + + = = nn ng
thng d lun lun ct th (C ) ti hai im phn bit A, B
Ta c y
A
= m x
A
; y
B
= m x
B
nn AB
2
= (x
A
x
B
)
2
+ (y
A
y
B
)
2
= 2(m
2
+ 12) suy
ra AB ngn nht AB
2
nh nht m = 0. Khi 24 AB =
Bi 3. Cho hm s
2 2
1
x
y
x
=
+
(C)
-TP HU
1. Kho st hm s.
2. Tm m ng thng d: y = 2x + m ct th (C) ti 2 im phn bit A, B
sao cho AB = 5 .
Hng dn:
2. Phng trnh honh giao im: 2x
2
+ mx + m + 2 = 0 , (x - 1) (1)
d ct (C) ti 2 im phn bit PT(1) c 2 nghim phn bit khc -1 m
2
- 8m -
16 > 0 (2
Gi A(x
1
; 2x
1
+ m) , B(x
2
; 2x
2
+ m. Ta c x
1
, x
2
l 2 nghim ca PT(1).
Theo L Vit ta c
1 2
1 2
2
2
2
m
x x
m
x x
+ =
.
AB
2
= 5
2 2
1 2 1 2
( ) 4( ) 5 x x x x + =
2
1 2 1 2
( ) 4x 1 x x x + = m
2
- 8m - 20 = 0
m = 10 , m = - 2 ( Tha mn (2))
KL: m = 10, m = - 2.
Bi 4. Cho hm s:
2
1
x
y
x
+
=
(C)
1. Kho st v v th (C) hm s
2. Cho im A( 0; a) Tm a t A k c 2 tip tuyn ti th (C) sao cho
2 tip im tng ng nm v 2 pha ca trc honh.
Hng dn:
Gi k l h s gc ca t i qua A(0;a). PT t d c dng y= kx+a (d)
d l tip tuyn vi ( C ) khi v ch khi h PT
( )
2
2
1
3
1
x
kx a
x
k
x
+
= +
c nghim
<=> Pt (1-a)x
2
+2(a+2)x-(a+2)=0 (1) c nghim x 1
Theo bi ra qua A c 2 tip tuyn th pt (1) c 2 nghim x
1
; x
2
phn bit
-TP HU
1
2 1 (*)
' 3 6
a
a
a
=
< =
A = +
. Theo nh l Viet:
( )
1 2
1 2
2 2
1
2
1
a
x x
a
a
x x
a
+
+ =

Suy ra:
1 2
1 2
3 3
1 ; 1
1 1
y y
x x
= + = +

. hai tip tuyn nm v hai trc ca Ox th
1 2
2
. 0
3
y y a < > . Kt hp vi iu kin (*) ta c
2
1
3
a < =
Bi 5. Cho hm s
2x 3
y
x 2
c th (C).
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (C)
2. Tm trn (C) nhng im M sao cho tip tuyn ti M ca (C) ct hai
tim cn ca (C) ti A, B sao cho AB ngn nht
Hng dn:
( )
( )
( )
( )
0 0 2
0
0
0 2
0
0
0
1 1
Lay iem M ;2 . Ta co: '( )
2
2
1 1
Tiep tuyen (d) tai M co phng trnh la: 2
2
2
2
Giao iem (d) vi tiem can ngA 2;2
2
Giao iem (d) vi tiem c
x C f x
x
x
y x x
x
x
x
| |
+ e =
|
\ .
= + +
| |
+
|
\ .
( )
( )
( )
( )
0
0
2 2
2
0 0 2 2
0 0
2
an ngang 2 2;2
2
1 1
4 2 8. Dau"=" xay ra khi 2 ...
2 2
B x
x
AB x x
x x
| |
+
|
\ .
1
1
= + > =
1

]
BI TP P DNG:
Bi 1. Cho hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x

=
+
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2.Tmim M thuc (C) sao cho tip tuyn ti M ct trc Ox, Oy ln l t ti A, B
tho mn:OA=3OB.
-TP HU
Hng dn:
2. Gi s tip tuyn d ca (C) ti im M(x
0
;y
0
) ct Ox, Oy ln lt ti A,B sao cho
OA=3OB.
Do tam gic OAB vung ti O nn tanA=OB/OA=1/3. V vy h s gc ca
ng
thng d bng 1/3 hoc -1/3.
H s gc ca d ti M(x
0
;y
0
) l:
( )
( )
( )
( )
0 0 2 2
0 0
0
0
3 3 1
' 0 '
3
1 1
2 (2) 1
4 ( 4) 3
y x y x
x x
x y
x y
= > = =
+ +
= =

= =

Khi c 2 tip tuyn tho :
1 1 1
( 2) 1
3 3 3
1 1 13
( 4) 3
3 3 3
y x y x
va y x y x
= + = +
= + + = +
Bi 2. Cho hm s
2 3
2
x
y
x

2. Cho M l im bt k trn (C). Tip tuyn ca (C) ti M ct cc ng
tim cn ca (C) ti A v B. Gi I l giao im ca cc ng tim cn. Tm
to im
M sao cho ng trn ngoi tip tam gic IAB c din tch nh
nht.
Hng dn:
Ta c:
0
0 0
0
2 3
; , 2
2
x
M x x
x
| |
=
|
\ .
,
( )
0 2
0
1
'( )
2
y x
x
Phng trnh tip tuyn vi ( C) ti M c dng:

( )
0
0 2
0
0
2 3 1
: ( )
2
2
x
y x x
x
x

A = +
To giao im A, B ca
( )
A v hai tim cn l:
( )
0
0
0
2 2
2; ; 2 2;2
2
x
A B x
x
| |
\ .
-TP HU
Ta thy
0
0
2 2 2
2 2
A B
M
x x x
x x
+ +
= = = ,
0
0
2 3
2 2
A B
M
x y y
y
x
+
= =
suy ra M l trung
im ca AB.
Mt khc I = (2; 2) v tam gic IAB vung ti I nn ng tr
n ngoi tip tam gic
IAB c din tch
S =
2
2 2 2 0
0 0 2
0 0
2 3 1
( 2) 2 ( 2) 2
2 ( 2)
x
IM x x
x x
t t t t
1
1 | |
1
= + = + >
1 |
1
1
\ . ]
]
Du = xy ra khi
0 2
0 2
0 0
1
1
( 2)
( 2) 3
x
x
x x
=
=

=
Do c hai im M cn tm l M(1; 1) v M(3; 3)

Bi 3. Cho hm s
1
1 2
+
=
x
x
y
1. Kho st s bin thin v v
th (C)
ca hm s .
2. Tm ta im M thuc (C) sao cho khong cch t im ) 2 ; 1 ( I ti tip
tuyn ca (C) ti M l ln nht .
Hng dn:
Nu ) (
1
3
2 ;
0
0
C
x
x M e
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
th tip tuyn ti M c phng trnh
) (
) 1 (
3
1
3
2
0 2
0 0
x x
x x
y
+
=
+
+ hay 0 ) 1 ( 3 ) 2 ( ) 1 ( ) ( 3
0
2
0 0
= + + x y x x x
Khong cch t ) 2 ; 1 ( I ti tip tuyn l
( ) 2
0 2
0
4
0
0
4
0
0 0
) 1 (
) 1 (
9
6
) 1 ( 9
1 6
1 9
) 1 ( 3 ) 1 ( 3
+ +
+
=
+ +
+
=
+ +
+
=
x
x
x
x
x
x x
d . Theo bt ng thc
Csi 6 9 2 ) 1 (
) 1 (
9
2
0 2
0
= > + +
+
x
x
, vy 6 s d . Khong cch d ln nht bng 6
khi
( ) 3 1 3 1 ) 1 (
) 1 (
9
0
2
0
2
0 2
0
= = + + =
+
x x x
x
.
-TP HU
Vy c hai im M : ( ) 3 2 ; 3 1 + M hoc ( ) 3 2 ; 3 1 + M
Bi 4. Cho hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x

=
+
(1).
1) Kho st v v th (C) ca hm s (1).
2) Tmim M thuc th (C) tip tuyn ca (C) ti M vi ng th ng
i qua M v giao im hai ng tim cn c tch h s gc bng - 9.
Hng dn:
Ta c I(- 1; 2). Gi
0 2
0 0
3 3
( ) ( ; 2 )
1 ( 1)
M I
IM
M I
y y
M C M x k
x x x x

e = =
+ +
H s gc ca tip tuyn ti M:
( )
0 2
0
3
'( )
1
M
k y x
x
= =
+
. 9
M IM
ycbt k k =
Gii c x
0
= 0; x
0
= -2. Suy ra c 2 im M tha mn: M(0; - 3), M(- 2; 5)
Bi 5. Cho hm s
1 2
2
+
=
x
x
y
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s cho.
2. Tm nhng im trn th (C) cch u hai im A(2 , 0) v B(0 , 2)
Hng dn:
Pt ng trung trc an AB : y = x
Nhng im thuc th cch u A v B c hong l nghim ca pt :
x
x
x
=
+
1 2
2
+
=
=
2
5 1
2
5 1
0 1
2
x
x
x x
Hai im trn th tha ycbt :
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
|
|
.
|
\
|

2
5 1
,
2
5 1
;
2
5 1
,
2
5 1
-TP HU
BI TP LUYN TP:
Bi 1.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x
2. Vit ph
ng trnh tip tuyn ca (C), bit khong cch t im I(1;2) n
tip tuyn bng 2 .
Hng dn:
*Tip tuyn ca (C) ti im
0 0
( ; ( )) ( ) M x f x C e c phng trnh
0 0 0
'( )( ) ( ) y f x x x f x = +
Hay
2 2
0 0 0
( 1) 2 2 1 0 x x y x x + + = (*)
*Khong cch t im I(1;2) n tip tuyn (*) bng
2
0
4
0
2 2
2
1 ( 1)
x
x
=
+
gii c nghim
0
0 x = v
0
2 x =
*Cc tip tuyn cn tm : 1 0 x y + = v 5 0 x y + =
Bi 2. Cho hm s
2 4
1
x
y
x

=
+
.
2. Tm trn
th (C) hai
im i xng nhau qua ng thng MN bit M(
-3; 0)
v
N(-1; -1).
Hng dn:
Gi 2 im cn tm l A, B c
6 6
; 2 ; ; 2 ; , 1
1 1
A a B b a b
a b
| | | |
=
| |
+ +
\ . \ .
Trung im I ca AB: I
2 2
;
2 1 1
a b a b
a b
+ | |
+
|
+ +
\ .
Pt ng thng MN: x + 2y +3= 0
-TP HU
C :
. 0 AB MN
I MN
, ,
=>
0 (0; 4)
2 (2; 0)
a A
b B
=
=>

=

Bi 3. Cho hm s :
1 x 2
1 x
y
+
+
=
(C)
1. Kho st v v th hm s.
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C), bit tip tuyn i qua giao im ca
ng tim cn v trc Ox.
Hng dn:
Giao im ca tim cn ng vi trc Ox l
|
.
|
\
|
0 ,
2
1
A
Phng trnh tip tuyn ( A) qua A c dng
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
2
1
x k y
Bi 4. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s :
3x 4
y
x 2
.
Tm im thuc (C) cch u 2 ng tim cn .
Hng dn:
Gi M(x;y) e(C) v cch u 2 tim cn x = 2 v y = 3
| x 2 | = | y 3 |
3x 4 x
x 2 2 x 2
x 2 x 2
= =

( )
x 1
x
x 2
x 4 x 2
=
=

=

(A) tip xc vi (C)
/
x 1 1
k x
2x 1 2
x 1
k co nghiem
2x 1
+ | |
= +
|
+
\ .

+ | |
=
|
+
\ . ( )
=
+
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
+
+
) 2 ( k
1 x 2
3
) 1 (
2
1
x k
1 x 2
1 x
2
Th (2) vo (1) ta c pt honh tip im l
-TP HU
( )
2
1
3 x
x 1 2
2x 1
2x 1
| |
+
|
+
\ .
=
+
+
1
(x 1)(2x 1) 3(x )
2
+ = + v
1
x
2
=
3
x 1
2
=
5
x
2
= . Do
12
1
k = . Vy phng trnh tip tuyn cn tm l:
1 1
y x
12 2
| |
= +
|
\ .
Bi 5. Gi s A l tip tuyn ti im
( )
0;1 M ca th hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x
+
=
(C)
Hy tm trn (C) nhng im c honh ln hn 1 m khong cch t n
A l
ngn nht.
Hng dn:
Khong cch t mt im trn (C) ti ng thng A l ngn nht khi v ch khi
im l tip im ca th (C) vi tip tuyn l song song vi ng thng A.
Ta c:
( )
( )
2
3
' ; ' 0 3
1
y y
x
= =
.
Phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) l : 3 1 y x A = + .
Gi
( )
0 0 0
; ( ), 1 N x y C x e > c khong cch ti A ngn nht, th th
0
x l nghim
ca phng trnh
0 0
0
0
2 5
'( ) 3
0 (loai)
x y
y x
x
= =
=

=
Bi 6. Tm tt c cc gi tr m th hm s
( )
2
2
x m
y m
x
= =
c t nht mt
im cch u hai trc ta , ng thi honh v tung ca im tri du
nhau.
Hng dn: Nhng im cch u hai trc ta c honh v tung tri du
nhau s nm trn
ng thng y x = . Gi s
( )
; M x y l im tha mn
bi th
-TP HU
ta c phng trnh:
( )
2
0 *
2
2
x x m x m
x
x
x
=
=

. Phng trnh (*) c t nht

mt nghim khc 2 khi v ch khi
1
1 4 0
4
2 0
2
m m
m
x
A = + > >

=

=
Bi 7. Tnh khong cch gia hai nhnh ca th hm s

( )
2
2
x
y C
x
=
+
Hng dn: Gi s
( ) ( )
1 2
; C C l hai nhnh ca th hm s v
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
1 2
2
2
2
2
2 2
; ; ;
2 2
4 2 2
' , ; .Tiep tuyen vi (C) tai M co phng trnh:
2 2
2
4 2
y= 4 2 2 0
2
2
a b
M a C N b C
a b
b a
y MN b a
b a
x
a
x a x a y a
a
a
| | | |
e e
| |
+ +
\ . \ .
| |
= =
|
+ +
\ .
+
+ + + =
+
+
,
Ta thy MN l khong cch ca hai nhnh
( ) ( )
1 2
; C C khi v ch khi tip tuyn ti
M,N vi
( ) ( )
1 2
; C C song song vi nhau v chng vung gc vi ng thng cha
MN. iu tng ng
( ) ( )
( )( )
2 2
2
4 4
(1)
2 2
2 2
2 4 0 (2)
2 2
a b
b a
b a a
b a
+ +
| |
+ + =
|
+ +
\ .
( )
( )
4
T (1) b=-4-a thay vao (2) ta c -2 2 32 0 0 (do 2)
4 va 4; 4 4 2
a a a
b MN MN
+ + = = >
= = =
,
BTTT: Tnh khong cch gia hai nhnh ca th hm s
( )
2 1
2
x
y C
x
+
=

-TP HU
Bi 8. Gi A, B l giao im ca ng thng
1
6
y x = vi th hm s
1
1
x
y
x
=
+
.
Tmim M thuc ng phn gic gc phn t th nht sao cho MA MB + nh
nht
Hng dn: Ta A, B l nghim ca h phng trnh
1
1 1
6
2; ; 3;
3 2 1
1
y x
A B
x
y
x
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
+
D thy A v B nm cng pha i vi ng phn gic
: 0. x y A = Gi
( )
' ; A a b
l im i xng ca A qua : 0. x y A = th th
( )
1
2 .1 .1 0
1
3
1
' ;2
3
1
3
2
2
3
0
2 2
7 7
M la giao iem cua A'B va M ;
5 5
a b
a
A
b
b
a
| |
+ =
|

\ .
| | =

|
\ . +
=
+
| |
A
|
\ .
-TP HU
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Trn nh C (2012). Bi ging cp tc luyn thi i hc.
2. Trn S tng (2011). Chuyn hm s.
3. Nguyn Ph Khnh, Nguyn Tt Thu (2011). Chuyn hm s
4. Cc thi ca b gio dc v o to.
5. thi th cc trng 2012.

Chuyen de Ham So P2 GTLN GTNN Tiem Can Ks Ham So

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Chuyen de Ham So P2 GTLN GTNN Tiem Can Ks Ham So

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TRUNG TM BDKT V LTH 36/73 NGUYN HONG

TRUNG TM GIA S NH CAO CHT LNG

R khi pt cho ta m = t(t 1) suy ra 4 > m

= lim ( ) 1 y=-1 la tiem can ngang cua o th ham so khi

. Tm im thuc (C) cch u 2 ng tim cn .

Neu 0 th o th ham so co tiem can xien khi

a) Chng minh rng tch cc khong cch t im M thuc (C) n hai ng

Bi ton 2: Da vo tnh cht hai nhnh ca th (C) nm v hai pha (C) ca

TRUNG TM GIA S NH CAO CHT LNG. ST:0978421673

b) Phng trnh ng thang (d):

. Goi I la giao iem cua hai ng tiem can.

. Goi I la giao iem cua hai ng tiem can. Tm

. Goi I la giao iem hai ng tiem can. M la

6. Nu hm s c ba cc tr tr chng to thnh mt tam gic cn.

< < < < < <

8. iu kin cn t mt im trn trc i xng k n th hm

- Phng trnh (*) c 3 nghim (**) c 1 nghim dng v 1

- Phng trnh (*) c 2 nghi

- Phng trnh (*) c 1 nghim (**) c nghim tha

= = v t (3) cho ta:

b) (C) ct Ox ti 3 im phn bit

6. Bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh : ax

11) Phng trnh honh giao im ca (C

ta thy vi 0 m = th y i du khi i qua cc nghim do vy hm s c C,CT

=> ' 0 1 y x < = => HS nghch bin trn mi KX

1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.

Phng trnh tip tuyn vi ( C) ti M c dng:

Do c hai im M cn tm l M(1; 1) v M(3; 3)

. Phng trnh (*) c t nht

Bi 7. Tnh khong cch gia hai nhnh ca th hm s

TRUNG TM GIA S NH CAO CHT LNG. ST:0978421673

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