LECTIA II CONCORDANTA TIMPURILOR Concordanta timpurilor se aplica, desigur, nu in propozitii, ci in fraze.

Ea consta in aceea ca folosirea unui anumit timp in propozitia principala obliga la folosirea unui timp adecvat in propozitia secundara. Ce inseamna un timp adecvat" se va vedea in continuare. Propozitia principala 1. un timp present" Present Tense Simple, Present Tense Continuous, Present Perfect Simple, Present Perfect Continuous Propozitia secundara Orice timp cerut de sens Propozitia principala 2. un timp past" Past Tense Simple, Past Tense Continuous, Past Perfect Simple, Past Perfect Continuous Propozitia secundara Orice alt timp past" Ex. a) Past Tense actiune simultana Past Tense He said he was ill. El a spus ca este !olna".# He said he was $oin$ to school. El a spus ca mer$e la scoala.# b) Past Tense actiune anterioara Past Perfect He said he had returned home a wee% !efore. El a spus ca se intorsese acasa cu o saptam&na inainte.# ' arri"ed home after it had stopped rainin$. (m a)uns acasa dupa ce incetase ploaia.# Nota 1* Daca intr-o fraza exista doua propozitii secundara cu actiunea anterioara celei din principala, se poate folosi Past Perfect in mod repetat.

Ex. She said she had for$otten where she had put her $lasses. Ea a spus ca uitase unde si+a pus ochelarii.# c) Past Tense actiunea posterioara Future-in-t e-Past He said he would lea"e the next da,. El a spus ca "a pleca a doua -i.# She promised her mother she would help her. Ea i+a promis mamei sale ca o "a a)uta.# Nota 2: Daca intr-o fraza exista doua propozitii secundare cu actiune posterioara celei din principala, dintre care una este temporala sau conditionala. Future-in-t e-Past se poate folosi numai o sin!ura data, dupa care "in temporala sau conditionala) se intrebuinteaza Past Tense "pentru simultaneitate) sau Past Perfect "pentru anterioritate). Ex. He said he would come to see me when he had time. El a spus ca "a "eni sa ma "ada c&nd "a a"ea timp.# He said he would come to see me after he had finished wor%. El a spus ca "a "eni sa ma "ada dupa ce "a termina lucrul.# He said he would !u, a car if he had mone,. El a spus ca "a cumpara o masina daca "a a"ea !ani.# 1. un timp future" Teoretic se poate folosi orice timp cerut de sens, cu exceptia propo-itii temporale sau conditionale, care nu pot include un "er! la "iitor. Situatiile cel mai des int&lnite sunt urmatoarele* a. Future actiune simultana Present

I will read this book when I have time. ( oi citi aceasta carte c!nd voi avea timp." I will have finished stud#ing when #ou come home. ( oi fi terminat de studiat c!nd vei veni tu acasa." !. .uture / actiune anterioara / Present Perfect ' will $o to En$land after ' ha"e recei"ed a "isa. 0oi mer$e in (n$lia dupa ce "oi o!tine "i-a.# Exceptii de la concordanta timpurilor

1. c&nd propo-itia secundara exprima un ade"ar $eneral "ala!il. Ex. The teacher told the pupils water !oils at 111 oC. Profesorul le+a spus ele"ilor ca apa fier!e la 111 oC. 2. c&nd propo-itia secundara este atri!uti"a. Ex. The !oo% ' am readin$ now was $i"en to me !, m, !rother. Cartea pe care o citesc acum mi+a fost data de fratele meu. 3. C&nd propo-itia secundara este comparati"a. Ex. 4ast ,ear ' wor%ed more than ' ha"e done this ,ear. (nul trecut am muncit mai mult dec&t anul acesta. Nota: #n limba en!leza contemporana, se poate obser$a uneori o oarecare tendinta de a nu se respecta concordanta timpurilor atunci c%nd $erbul din propozitia principala este la trecut. &e poate int%lni, de exemplu, o formulare de tipul' (e said e lo$es me". )ste posibil ca ceea ce apare acum ca tendinta, cu timpul, sa a*un!a re!ula. Pentru moment insa, sfatuim pe $orbitorii rom%ni de limba en!leza sa respecte re!ulile de concordanta a timpurilor asa cum sunt prezentate mai sus. Exercitii cu concordanta timpurilor 1. Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul corect (Past Tense Simple sau Continuous), avnd in vedere simultaneitatea actiunilor din propozitia principala si cea secundara: 1. 't was clear the, tal%# !usiness a$ain. 2. ' !elie"ed ,ou !e# at the seaside. 3. ' understood ,ou !e# a painter. 5. The, didn6t %now that ' pla,# foot!all. 7. He reali-ed he not remem!er# 8ohn6s phone num!er. 9. ' was not sure if ,ou spea%# En$lish. :. 4oo%in$ out of the window, she saw the sun shine# !ri$htl,. ;. He as%ed me if ' usuall, read# that newspaper. <. =ou didn6t tell me ,ou ha"e to# t,pe this report. 11. He was in a hurr, !ecause he want# to catch the train. 1. Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul corect (Past Perfect Simple sau Continuous), tinnd seama de relatia de anterioritate exprimata de verbul din propozitia principala sau din cea secundara: 1. 2. 3. 5. 7. 9. She told me his name after he lea"e#. She didn6t e"en sa, than% ,ou after all ' do# for her. (fter ' hear# the news, ' con$ratulated him. >hen ' arri"ed, the concert alread, !e$in#. >hen it started to rain, we di$# in the $arden for an hour. He didn6t admit that he steal# the !oo%.

:. He )ust lea"e# home when he came across 8ohn. ;. =esterda, ' !ou$ht a new um!rella !ecause ' lose# m, old one. <. >hen he finall, reached 4ondon, he was tired !ecause he tra"el# for three da,s. 11. ' didn6t thin% that !oo% to !e a nice !irthda, present for ,ou !ecause ' read# it and ' not en)o,# it. 1. Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul Future-in-the-Past, avnd in vedere faptul ca propozitia secundara exprima o actiune posterioara celei din principala: 1. 2. 3. 5. 7. 9. :. ;. <. The, said the, remain# at the seaside for another wee%. He hoped he finish# readin$ the !oo% in two da,s. ' thou$ht ,ou soon ha"e# a holida,. ' was not sure ' remain# at home that e"enin$. He !elie"ed the stri%e end# "er, soon. He promised he dri"e# me home. >e all !elie"ed he win# the competition. (s wa$es had $one up, we supposed prices $o up#, too. He was sure he pass# the exam and he promised he $i"e# a part, afterwards. 11. >hen ' heard the main actor was ill, ' was sue the performance !e cancelled#. 1. Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul Present Simple sau Present Perfect Simple: 1. ' will pa, m, de!ts after ' recei"e# m, salar,. 2. >e shall start dinner as soon as the $uests arri"e#. 3. ?, the time ,ou finish# translatin$ the text, ' shall ha"e t,ped all the letters. 5. (fter he repair# the car, he will dri"e to Sinaia. 7. ' will !u, a car when ' ha"e# enou$h mone,. 9. =ou will !e surprised when ,ou see# how well she loo%#. :. =ou will !e surprised when ,ou see# how much she chan$e#. ;. (s soon as the holida,s !e$in#, this !each will !ecome "er, crowded. <. ' will $o on pla,in$ the piano till he tell# me to stop. 11. (fter she learn# to t,pe, she will ta%e a )o! as a secretar,. 11. He will write to me after he arri"e# in En$land. 12. The train will ha"e left !efore we reach# the station. 13. >hen their first !a!, !e !orn#, the, will ha"e !een married for fi"e ,ears. 15. >hen ' finish# the !oo%, ' will lend it to ,ou. 17. ' will ne"er for$et what ,ou )ust tell # me. 19. =our mother will !e upset when she notice# ,ou !rea%# the "ase. 1:. =ou will $et a shoc% when ,ou see# the mess in that room. 1;. =ou won6t !e a!le to spea% a!out this !oo% till ,ou read# it.

1<. 't is said that one En$lishman will not spea% to another !efore the, !e# introduced. 21. (fter ,ou drin%# a coffee, ,ou will feel !etter. 5 Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul corect, tinnd seama de exceptiile de la concordanta timpurilor: 1. ' didn6t %now at what temperature this metal melt#. 2. The teacher told the pupils what the capital of @exico !e#. 3. ' wasn6t aware Aerman !e# such a difficult lan$ua$e. 5. 'n 1<<;, the Bomanians tra"elled less than the, do# this ,ear. 7. 4ast ,ear ,ou spo%e En$lish less fluentl, than ,ou do# now. 9. 4ast ni$ht ' read# the !oo% which ,ou read# now. :. 4ast ni$ht ' met the couple who soon mo"e# next door to me. ;. 4ast ,ear ' earned more mone, than ' earn# in the next fi"e ,ears. <. The !oo% ' read# in the last few da,s was lent to me !, 8ohn. 11. ' found out that ,o$a !e# a "er, useful practice. ! Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul corect, respectnd toate re"ulile de concordanta a timpurilor, precum si exceptiile: 1. 2. 3. 5. 7. 9. ' will come as soon as ' finish# m, wor%. He told me he ne"er see# the sea. He told me hi!ernatin$ animal not eat# in winter. The, %now# each other for a lon$ time !efore the, finall, $ot married. ' hoped it not rain# when ' arri"e# at the !each. >hen we $o# to see them last ni$ht, the, were listenin$ to music, the, said the, listen to# music since 7 o6cloc%. :. >hen ,ou as%ed me where ' spend# m, holida,s, ' not decide# ,et. ;. ' will do it when ' want# to, not !efore. <. He was "er, upset !ecause ' !e# late. 11. ' did not %now that ,ou wear# $lasses since childhood. 11. ' was surprised that his son fail# the exam, he trust# his son and he not expect# such a thin$ to happen. 12. >hen ' finall, arri"ed home, ' !e# "er, hun$r, !ecause ' not eat# an,thin$ all da,. 13. He said he ha"e to# write down m, address as he not remem!er# it otherwise. 15. =ou will ne"er %now how much ' suffer#. 17. ( wee% a$o, he decided he chan$e# his )o!. 19. He disco"ered to his horror that he eat# the worms in the cherries. 1:. (fter ha"in$ "isited 'tal,, m, friends told me there !e# man, small houses and narrow streets in Padua. 1;. ' hoped the compan, where ' wor%# not $o# !an%rupt. 1<. (fter we ha"e finished dinner, we drin%# coffee and !rand,. 21. He was "er, tired and he hope# he ha"e# time to rest that afternoon.

# $raduceti in limba en"leza: 1. 2. 3. 5. 7. Cu mi+am amintit ca ne cunoscusem cu un an inainte. Cu am stat acasa sa te astept pentru ca nu stiam c&nd "ei "eni. Secretara mi+a spus ca directorul este ocupat. Stiam ca esti in ?ucuresti. Era foarte suparat ca isi pierduse dictionarul si nu era si$ur ca "a $asi unul nou in li!rarii. 9. '+am promis ca ii "oi scrie c&nd "oi a)un$e la 4ondra. :. Hotul nu si+a dat seama ca politia il urmarea de o saptam&na. ;. 'ti "oi spune ade"arul dupa ce il "oi afla eu insami. <. Tata imi "a da un cadou dupa ce "oi lua examenul. 11. @asina pe cae o "oi cumpara "a fi importata din Aermania. 11. @+a intre!at c&te litere sunt in alfa!etul chine- si nu am putut sa+' raspund. 12. Politistul ma "a intre!a ce am "a-ut in timpul accidentul.