MC LC MC LC

LI M U Chng I: H THNG THNG TIN DI NG V CNG NGH LTE

ADVANCED. C s nghin cu H thng thng tin di ng Qu trnh pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng H thng thng tin di ng v cng ngh LTE-A

1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4.

1.4.1. H thng thng tin di ng 4G 1.4.2. Cc dch d h thng thng tin di ng 4G cung cp 1.4.3. Cng ngh LTE Advance 1.5. Kt lun chng 1

Chng II: CNG NGH LTE. Tng quan v cng ngh LTE

2.1.

2.1.1. Gii thiu v cng ngh LTE 2.1.2. Tim nng cng ngh 2.1.3. Hiu sut h thng 2.1.4. Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn 2.2. 2.3. Kin trc mng LTE Truy nhp v tuyn trong LTE

2.3.1. Cc ch truy nhp v tuyn 2.3.2. ng tn truyn d n

2.3.3. K thut a anten MIMO 2.3.

Lp vt l LTE

2.3.1. iu ch
2.3.2. Truyn ti d liu ngi s dng hng ln 2.3.3. Truyn ti d liu ngi s dng hng xung

2.4.

Cc th tc truy nhp LTE

2.4.1. D tm t bo
2.4.2. Truy nhp ng u nhin

2.6. Kt lun chng

Chng III: CNG NGH LTE-ADVANCED TRONG THNG TIN DI NG.

3.1. LTE-Advanced 3.2. Nhng cng ngh xut cho LTE-Advanced 3.2.1. ng thng v ph tn 3.2.2. Gii php a anten 3.2.3. Truyn d n a im phi hp 3.2.4. Cc b lp v chuyn tip 3.2.5. MCMC CDMA

Chng IV: TNH HNH CUNG CP DCH V V TUYN NG RNG TI VIT NAM .

4.1. 4.2.

Tnh hnh trin khai LTE Advanced trn th gii Tnh hnh pht trin mng 3G ti v kh nng trin khai LTE Advanced

Vit Nam Chng V: NGHIN CU XUT PHNG N TRIN KHAI MNG 4G LTE-A CHO VINAPHONE TI KHU VC H NI. 5.1 Tnh hnh trin hai mng 3G Vinaphone. 5.2 xut phng n trin hai mng 4G LTE-A cho mng Vinaphone hu vc H Ni. a. Mng 3G Vinaphone hu vc H Ni. b. xut phng n trin hai mng 4G LTE-A cho mng Vinaphone hu vc H Ni. KT LUN

Ni dung cho phn 1: gm 3 chng u Tng quan v s pht trin ca cng ngh LTE, nh gi tnh hnh trin khai mng LTE trn th gii, kinh nghim quc t v cp php trin khai LTE. LI M U

Thng tin di ng ngy nay tr thnh mt ngnh cng nghip pht trin v cng nhanh chng. Mc d cc h thng thng tin di ng th h 3G hay 3.5G vn ang

pht trin khng ngng nhng nhng nh khai thc vin thng trn th gii tin hnh trin khai mt chun di ng th h mi l h ng thng tin di ng th h th t. S xut hin ngy cng nhiu loi thit b thng minh nh smartphone, my tnh bng,USB 3G vi mc gi hp l to c s cho nhu cu s dng d liu ngy cng cao Vit Nam v 3G l mi trng thch hp p ng nhu cu thc t ca ngi s dng. 3G cng to iu kin nhiu ng dng thit thc ca cng ngh thng tin c i vo cuc sng. 4G s cn thit khi Vit Nam thc s cn mt dung lng rt ln nhm p ng nhu cu thc t ca khch hng. Vi thc t l lu lng d liu di ng trung bnh hng nm tng gp 2 ln v d kin n 2016, th gii s c 5 t thu bao bng rng di ng th 4G s l bc pht trin k tip trong tng lai. Hin ti n ht qu I nm 2013, ti Vit Nam c 2 n v trin khai th nghim mng 4G l tp on VNPT v Viettel. V vy vic nghin cu phng n trin khai mng 4G LTE-A l cn thit v ph hp vi xu hng pht trin trong thi gian ti. Xut pht t vn trn em la chn ti lun vn tt nghip ca mnh l: Nghin cu v xut phng n trin khai mng 4G LTE Advance cho mng Vinaphone ti khu vc H Ni. Mc tiu c bn ca lun vn l nghin cu xut c phng n trin khai h thng 4G-LTE Advance cho mng Vinaphone ti khu vc H Ni ,thnh ph c t l s dng mng bng rng cao. Tuy nhin do LTE Advanced l cng ngh cn mi, ang c hon thin cng nh do gii hn v kin thc v thi gian nn lun vn kh trnh khi thiu st. Rt mong c s ng gp kin ca thy c. Chng I: H THNG THNG TIN DI NG V CNG NGH LTE

ADVANCED. C s nghin cu: X hi ang ngy cng pht trin, iu kin sng ca con ngi c nng cao dn n nhu cu trong vic trao i d liu, s dng cc loi dch v cng nhu cu gii tr

1.1.

trn cc thit b di ng ngy cng tng. Trc cc nhu cu , cc h thng thng tin di ng th h u khng p ng cc yu cu cn phc v, do chun cc h thng thng tin di ng 3.5G, 3.9G, 4G c nghin cu, pht trin v ng dng. Nm 2006, Nht Bn, hng vin thng NTT DoCoMo trin khai thnh cng v a vo khai thc h thng thng tin di ng 3.5G HSDPA. Ngy 14 thng 12 nm 2009 dch v LTE (3.9G) u tin c hng TeliaSonera khai trng Oslo v Stockholm [7]. Vi cc th nghim u tin ca h thng di ng 4G, n s cho tc 5Gbps mi trng trong nh v tc 100Mbps mi trng ngoi tri trn i tng chuyn ng vi tc cao (250km/h). Vi s bng n v tc , h thng 4G s c ng dng rng tri trn rt nhiu lnh vc trong cuc sng nh: dch v chm sc sc khe, dch v t hng di ng, thng mi di ng Hin nay, nc ta ang tn ti ng thi nhiu th h ca h thng thng tin di ng (2G, 2.5G, 3G). Tuy vic trin khai h thng di ng 4G vn l vn trong tng lai, nhng trc xu th pht trin chung ca cng ngh vin thng c bit l cng ngh thng tin di ng, th vic nghin cu phng n trin khai h thng di ng 4G LTE advance l cp thit. 1.2. H thng thng tin di ng Cho n nay, h thng thng tin di ng tri qua nhiu bc pht trin quan trng. T h thng thng tin di ng tng t th h th nht n h thng thng tin di ng s th h th hai. Nhng nm u th k 21 h thng thng tin di ng bng rng th h th ba v ang c trin khai v ng dng rng ri phc v i sng con ngi. H thng thng tin di ng th h th t c cc hng vin thng ln nh: lin minh vin thng quc t ITU (International Telecommunication Union) nghin cu v chun ha. Hin nay, h thng thng tin di ng th h th 4 c a vo khai thc thng mi ti mt s ni trn th gii. Dch v ch yu ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th nht v th hai l thoi cn dch v ca th h th ba v sau s pht trin theo hng dch v d liu v a phng tin.

Thng tin di ng nn ngay t u nhng nm 90 ngi ta tin hnh nghin cu h thng thng tin di ng th h th ba. Lin minh vin thng quc t b phn v tuyn (ITU-R) thc hin tiu chun ha cho h thng Cc h thng thng tin di ng t bo s hin nay ang giai on th th th hai cng (2.5G), th h th ba (3G) v th h th ba cng (3.5G). p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng ca cc dch v thng thng tin di ng ton cu IMT-2000. chu u, Vin tiu chun Vin Thng Chu u (ETSI) thc hin tiu chun ha phin bn ca h thng ny vi tn gi l UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System: H thng vin thng di ng ton cu). H thng ny lm vic di tn 2GHz v cung cp nhiu loi dch v bao gm t cc dch v thoi, s liu tc thp hin c n cc dch v s liu tc cao, video v truyn thanh. Tc cc i ca ngi s dng c th ln ti 2Mbps. Tc cc i ny ch c trong cc pico trong nh, cn cc dch v vi tc 14,4Kbps s c m bo cho thng tin di ng thng thng cc macro. Ngi ta cng nghin cu cc h thng thng tin di ng th h th t c tc cho ngi s dng khong 2Gbps. h thng di ng bng rng (MBS ) th cc sng mang c s dng cc bc sng mm, rng bng tn l 64MHz v d kin s tng tc ca ngi s dng n STM-1 [1]. Hin nay, hu ht cc quc gia trn th gii trin khai h thng thng tin di ng 3G. Theo thng k ca hai hng Informa Telecom & Media v WCIS and 3G America, hin nay c 181 hng cng cp dch v trn 77 quc gia a vo khai thc dch v cc mng di ng th h th ba ca mnh. Vi h thng di ng 3.5G (HSDPA) th c n 135 hng cung cp dch v trn 63 quc gia cung cp cc dch v ca h thng di ng 3.5G. H thng tin 4G (Pre-4G) l WiMax cng c trin khai v a vo khai thc dch v mt s thnh ph nh London, NewYork vo qu 2 nm 2007. nc ta, cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca thng tin lin lc ni chung, nhng nm gn y thng tin di ng ra i nh mt tt yu khch quan nhm p ng nhu cu trao i thng tin trong thi k i mi ca t nc. Vo thi k ban u, xut hin mt s mng thng tin di ng nh mng nhn tin ABC, mng nhn tin ton qucc tnh cht th nghim cho cng ngh thng tin di ng. Sau nm 1993, mng in thoi di ng MobiFone s dng k thut s GSM c trin khai v chnh thc a vo hot

ng vi cc thit b ca hng ALCATEL. Nm 1996 mng Vinaphone ra i, n nm 2003 mng S-Fone s dng cng ngh CDMA ca Saigon Postel i vo khai thc. Nm 2004 mng GSM ca Viettel cng chnh thc i vo hot ng. Ngoi ra H Ni Telecom (Vietnammobile) cng i vo khai thc mng di ng th h th ba. 1.3. Qu trnh pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng Khi mi trin khai, h thng di ng 1G mi ch cung cp cho ngi s dng dch v thoi, nhng nhu cu v truyn s liu tng ln i hi cc nh khai thc mng phi nng cp rt nhiu tnh nng mi cho mng v cung cp cc dch v gi tr gia tng trn c s khai thc mng hin c. T cc nh khai thc trin khai h thng di ng 2G, 2.5G cung cp dch v truyn s liu tc cao hn. Cng vi Internet, Intranet tr thnh mt trong nhng hot ng kinh doanh ngy cng quan trng, mt trong s l xy dng cc cng s v tuyn kt ni cc cn b di ng vi x nghip hoc cng s ca h. Ngoi ra, tim nng to ln i vi cc cng ngh mi l cung cp trc tip tin tc v cc thng tin khc cho cc thit b v tuyn s to ra ngun li nhun mi cho nh khai thc. Do vy, p ng c cc dch v mi v truyn thng my tnh v hnh nh, ng thi m bo tnh kinh t th h thng di ng th h th hai tng bc chuyn i sang h thng thng tin di ng th h th ba. Khi m nhu cu v cc dch v a phng tin cht lng cao tng mnh, m tc ca h thng 3G hin ti khng p ng c th cc t chc vin thng trn th gii nghin cu v chun ha h thng di ng 4G.

Hnh 1.1 Qu trnh pht trin ca thng tin di ng [1] Qu trnh pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng c m t hnh 1.1, trong : + TASC (Total Access Communication System): H thng thng tin truy nhp tng th. + NMT900 (Nordic Mobile Telephone 900): H thng in thoi Bc u bng tn 900MHz. + AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service): Dch v in thoi di ng tin tin. + SMR (Specialized Mobile Radio): V tuyn di ng chuyn dng. + GSM 900 (Global System for Mobile): H thng thng tin di ng ton cu bng tn 900MHz. + GSM 1800: H thng GSM bng tn 1800 MHz. + GSM 1900: H thng GSM bng tn 1900 MHz. + IS-136 TDMA (Interim Standard- 136): Tiu chun thng tin di ng TDMA ci tin do AT&T xut. + IS-95 CDMA: Tiu chun thng tin di ng CDMA ci tin ca M. + GPRS (General Packet Radio System): H thng v tuyn gi chung. + EDGE (Enhaned Data Rates for GSM Evolution): Nhng tc s liu tng cng pht trin GSM. + CDMA 2000 1x: H thng CDMA 2000 giai on 1. + WCDMA (Wideband CDMA): H thng CDMA bng rng.

+ CDMA 2000 Mx: H thng CDMA 2000 giai on 2 [2]. + HSPA (High Speed Packet Access): H thng truy nhp gi tc cao. H thng HSPA c chia thnh 3 cng ngh sau: - HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access): H thng truy nhp gi ng xung tc cao. - HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access): H thng truy nhp gi ng ln tc cao. - HSODPA (High Speed OFDM Packet Access): H thng truy nhp gi OFDM tc cao. +Pre-4G: Cc h thng tin 4G gm WiMax v WiBro (Mobile Wimax). + WiMax: Wordwide Interoperabilily for Microwave Access. + WiBro: Wiless Broadband System: H thng bng rng khng dy. T qu trnh pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng t khi ra i n nay tao c th tng kt cc th h thng tin di ng qua bng sau: Bng 1.1. Tng kt cc th h thng tin di ng.

1.4.

H thng thng tin di ng 4G v cng ngh LTE-Advanced.

1.4.1. H thng thng tin di ng 4G. H thng thng tin di ng 4G c a vo khai thc v s dng ti mt s quc gia pht trin trn th gii t nm 2012. Vi s t ph v dung lng, h thng di ng 4G cung cp nhng dch v phc v su hn vo i sng sinh hot thng nht, cng vic cng nh c s tc ng ln n li sng ca chng ta trong tng lai gn. C th trong cc kha cnh ca cuc sng c trnh by di y : Trong gio dc, ngh thut, khoa hc

Nh c s u vit ca h thng 4G, s tin tin ca thit b u cui, hc sinh, sinh vin, cc nh nghin cu khoa hc c th trao i thng tin, hnh nh cn thit cho vic hc tp nghin cu m khng c ro cn no v mt khong cch cng nh ngn ng. Thit b u cui di ng ca h thng 4G (in thoi , ng h eo tay) c tch hp camera c chc nng thng dch ngn ng t ng gip trao i thng tin trc tip . Gii tr H thng di ng 4G cho php s dng h thng tr chi, m nhc, video v cc ni dung lin quan. Nhng tr chi hnh nh c th c truy nhp bt c ni no vi nhng ni dung cc k phong ph a dng. Truyn thng hnh nh H thng di ng 4G cng c ng dng trong vic trao i thng tin gia cc im cch xa nhau. Mt on phim ca mt s kin th thao c th c gi bi mt my quay gn trn mt my thu pht cm tay v c gi tc thi n bt c u d trong hay ngoi nc. Thng mi di ng H thng di ng 4G c ng dng trong trao i v tha thun mua bn hng ha. Ch bng thit b di ng cm tay ngi s dng c th thu c cc cc thng tin v sn phm, t hng, thanh ton bng ti khon thng qua thit b di ng. Cuc sng thng nht Cng ngh xc thc c nhn tin tin cho php ngi s dng mua nhng hng ha t tin mt cch an ton v thanh ton bng ti khon thng qua mng di ng. D liu c ti t cc thit b di ng c th s dng nh l cc th thanh ton, th ra vo, th thnh vin. Cc dch v di ng cng c s dng trong cuc sng nh: ti cc chng trnh tivi trn cc my ch t ti gia nh ln thit b di ng v xem chng khi i ra ngoi hoc s dng thit b cm tay di ng iu khin robot t xa. Y t v chm sc sc khe

Nhng d liu v sc khe c th t ng gi n bnh vin theo thi gian thc t cc thit b mang trn ngi ca bnh nhn, nh cc bc s c th thc hin vic kim tra sc khe hoc x l tc th cc tnh trng khn cp. iu tr trong cc tnh trng khn cp Phng tin truyn thng di ng c s dng cho cp cu khn cp ngay sau khi tai nn giao thng xy ra. V tr ca v tai nn s c thng bo t ng bng cch s dng thng tin nh v, khi bc s ti trung tm y t a ra cc ch dn s cu cho bnh nhn thng qua vic quan st bnh nhn trn mn hnh. Cc d liu y t cng c truyn ngay lp tc ti cc xe cu thng hoc bnh vin thng qua mng di ng. ng dng trong thm ha thin tai H thng thng tin di ng ng vai tr l thit b thng tin quan trng trong trng hp xy ra thm ha thin tai, cho php truyn i hnh nh thc trng ca cc khu vc xy ra thm ha. Do ti nhng ni thm ha khng xy ra tt c cc lnh o chnh ph, phng tin truyn thng i chng v ngi dn ni chung c th chia s thng tin [3]. 1.4.2. Cc dch v h thng di ng 4G cung cp Dch v cung cp thng tin y t

Hnh 1.2. Dch v thng tin y t [4]

Dch v cung cp thng tin y t s cung cp cho khch hng nhng thng tin chnh xc v y v tnh trng sc khe. Khch hng s nhn c ch dn, n thuc ca bc s khi c s thay i v tnh trng sc khe t trung tm chm sc y t trn thit b di ng ca mnh. ng thi khch hng c th truy nhp thng tin v sc khe ca mnh trn thit b di ng [4]. Thm ch trong dch v ny vi cng ngh iu tr gen tin tin, khch hng c th ti nhng thng tin v gen ca h ngay lp tc c nhng bin php iu tr thch hp. Dch v cung cp ni dung tin tin

Ngi dng c th dng li thoi tm kim (t kha khng nht thit phi chnh xc) v la chn video yu thch trn thit b di ng u cui bt c u, bt c ni no. Nu ngi dng mun xem phim rp chiu phim th c th t trc hoc mua v in t. Nhng video cng c th c trnh chiu trn tu thm ch trn mt thit b knh eo mt c kh nng hin th hnh nh.

Hnh 1.3. H thng cung cp ni dung tin tin [4] Trong : + Movie dilivery: phn pht phim. + Movie info. seach: tm kim thng tin phim. + Ambigous seach by voice: tm kim thng tin phim bng li ni.

+ Ticket Purchase: th dch v. + Content streaming delivery: cung cp lung ni dung. + Movie distributor: nh cung cp phim . + Real media content distribution by compact high-density dise memory card : phn phi ni dung bng th nh a nn mt cao. + Content server: my ch ni dung + Service provicer: nh cung cp dch v. + Speed analysis: khi phn tch thoi. + Search server: my ch tm kim. + Member DB: c s d liu thnh vin. H thng nh v

Hnh 1.4. H thng nh v Trong : + Monthly: ph dch v hng thng. + Location info: thng tin v tr. + Vehicle info: thng tin xe c. + Entertainment: gii tr + Emergency info: thng tin khn cp. + Logistics info: thng tin hu cn. + Right hold: ngi gi bn quyn

+ Content charge: ph ni dung. Ngi dng c th truy nhp cc dch v thng tin t bn trong mt chic xe ang chuyn ng. Nhng thng tin ny s c cung cp mt cch hp l ph thuc vo thi gian a im v tnh cht ngi s dng. Bao gm: + Dch v thng tin nh v: nh v, ch dn tuyn ng, thng tin giao thng + Dch v thng tin xe c: thng tin xe, thng tin iu chnh ng c + Dch v gii tr: radio, chng trnh truyn hnh + Dch v iu khin: iu khin xe trong trng hp thin tai. + Dch v khn cp: ti nn, m au bt ng Dch v t hng di ng

Hnh 1.5. H thng t hng di ng [4] Trong : + Inquiry purchase application: yu cu mua ng dng. + Product info/Ads: thng tin sn phm/qung co + Product/delivery charge: ph sn xut/phn phi. + Commission: hoa hng. + Application info: thng tin ng dng. + Product info: thng tin sn phm. + Platform provider: nh cung cp nn tng.

+ Ad cost: chi ph qung co. + Server utilization fee: ph s dng server. + Manufacturer: nh sn xut. Dch v t hng di ng cho php t mua cc sn phm hay thu thp thng tin v sn phm mt cch d dng nh thit b u cui thng qua tp ch, sch bo hay cc hnh nh. Thng tin lin quan ti sn phm (video, c tnh k thut) s c t ng gi ti mt thit b u cui di ng t trung tm sn phm, v c hin th di dng hnh nh ba chiu (3D). Ngi s dng c th t hng sn phm ngay lp tc, vic thanh ton bng ti khon c thc hin qua thit b u cui di ng ca h. Vic s dng chng thc bng vng mc gip cho vic t mua sn phm c gi tr tr nn n gin an ton. Qun l thc phm

Hnh 1.6. H thng qun l thc phm [4] Trong : + Service register/enry fee: ph ng k dch v. + Food purchase charge: ph mua thc phm. + Billing for purchase: ha n bn hng. + Payment: thanh ton. + User membership DS: c s d liu thnh vin. + Order placement: sp xp t hng.

Dch v h tr cho ngi s dng c th truy nhp ti t lnh ca gia nh bng thit b u cui di ng t bn ngoi, thy thc phm no ht thc phm no vn cn. Nh hnh nh hin th ngi dng c th bit c hn s dng ca thc phm. Ngi s dng cng c th tm c cc cng thc ca thc n h s nu s dng cc thc phm c sn trong t lnh, thc phm no thiu s c hin ra trn mn hnh v nu t hng chng s c gi v nh . Dch v bo him ri ro

Khi mt ai b kt trong ng nt trong mt trn ng t quy m ln, kh nng ca mng in thoi di ng c th cung cp chnh xc thng tin nh v tr ca ngi - thit b u cui lun c kt ni internet tr khi n b hng v lun sn sng hot ng gii cu mt cch nhanh chng.

Hnh 1.7. H thng bo him ri ro [4] Trong : + Rescue, pramedics: cu h, cu h y t. + Disaster site (user): khu vc xy ra thin tai. + Displays curent location and destination: hin th v tr hin ti.

+ Designate wanted area thru pen input: ch nh vng cn kim sot bng bt cm ng. + Terminal location is indicated in blinks: v tr thit b u cui c ch ra tc thi. + Contact family using personal info: lin lc vi gia nh nh thng tin c nhn. + Obtain medical record from home doctor using personal info: c c bo co y t t bc s nh thng tin c nhn. + Disaster insurance premium: ph bo him thin tai. + Notifies location by ring tone : thng bo v tr bng nhc chung. Dch v hnh chnh qun l di ng .

Hnh 1.8. H thng qun l di ng [4] Khch hng c th truy nhp thng tin v nhn c nhiu dch v hnh chnh khc nhau t chnh quyn quc gia/a phng trn mt thit b u cui di ng ti nh hoc ti cng s. ng dng cho cc ti liu/vn bng khc nhau. Tr thu, a ra thu thu nhp.

 Pht hnh sch chm sc sc khe cho sn ph, a ra bo co v sinh sn, ng dng cho kim tra sc khe ca tr, v cc dch v sc khe khc. B phiu bu c. 1.4.3. Cng ngh LTE Advanced LTEAdvanced (Long Term EvolutionAdvanced) l mt chun truyn thng di ng, chnh thc tr thnh mt ng c vin cho h thng thng tin di ng 4G vo cui nm 2009, c ph duyt bi ITU v c hon thnh bi 3GPP (d n i tc th h th ba) v thng 3 nm 2011. Thc s l mt cng ngh truyn thng di ng 4G, LTE-Advenced c y cc c im tnh nng cng nh ng dng ca h thng di ng 4G nu trn. LTE Advanced, nh tn gi ca n, thc cht ch l bn nng cp ca LTE nhm hng n tha mn cc yu cu ca IMT Advanced. Vic nng cp ny c th hin ch cc cng ngh c s dng trong LTE th vn s dng trong LTE th vn c s dng trong LTE Advaned (OFDMA, SC FDMA, MIMO, AMC, Hybrid ARQ). Tuy nhin c mt s ci tin pht huy ti a hiu qu ca chng nh: MIMO tng cng, vi cu hnh cao hn (8x8 MIMO) ng thi LTE Advanced cn ng dng thm nhiu k thut mi nng cao c tnh ca h thng nh : 1. Carrier Aggregation (tng hp sng mang) 2. Multi antenna Enhancements (a ng ten ci tin) 3. Relays (trm chuyn tip) 4. Heterogeneous Network (mng khng ng nht) 5. Coordinated Multipoint CoMp (phi hp a im) Bng vic p dng nhiu gii php k thut cng ngh mi nh trn, sut s dng ph, tr x l) [0]. Bng so snh s cho ta thy iu ny: Bng 1.2. Bng so snh LTE vi LTE Advanced [6] LTE

Advaned c cc c tnh cao hn hn so vi LTE v nhiu mt (tc , bng thng, hiu

1.5.

Kt lun chng 1 Cho n nay h thng thng tin di ng tr thnh mt phn khng th thiu i

vi mi ngi trn khp th gii, n c ng dng trn mi mt ca cuc sng. Tuy nhin h thng thng tin di ng hin ti vn cha p ng mt cch ton din nhu cu ca con ngi. tin ti cc ng dng v dch v tng i y nh nu trn, h thng thng tin di ng th h th t phi chun b nhng g, chng ta cng tm hiu v ngh LTE, cng ngh LTE advance 4G, v xut phng n trin khai LVE advance cho cc mng di ng ti Vit Nam. y c th phng n trin khai LTE advance, lun vn s nghin cu phng n trin khai cho mng Vinaphone khu vc H Ni. CHNG II. CNG NGH LTE Tng quan v cng ngh LTE

2.1.

2.1.1 Gii thiu v cng ngh LTE LTE (Long Term Evolution) l mt chun truyn thng di ng do 3GPP pht trin t chun UMTS. UMST th h th ba da trn WCDMA c trin khai trn ton th gii. m bo tnh cnh tranh cho h thng ny trong tng lai, thng 11/2004 3GPP bt u d n nhm xc nh bc pht trin v lu di cho cng ngh

di ng UMTS vi tn gi Long Term Evolution (LTE). 3GPP t ra yu cu cao cho LTE bao gm gim chi ph cho mi bit thng tin, cung cp dch v tt hn, s dng linh hot cc bang tn hin c v bng tn mi, n gin ha kin trc mng vi cc giao tip m v gim ng k nng lng tiu th thit b u cui. Mc tiu ca LTE lc l [3]: Tc nh tc thi vi bng thng 20MHz: Ti xung: 100Mbps; Ti ln: 50Mbps Dung lng d liu truyn ti trung bnh ca mt ngi dng trn 1MHz so vi mng HSDPA Rel.6: Ti xung: gp 3 n 4 ln; Ti ln: gp 2 n 3 ln. Hot ng ti u vi tc di chuyn ca thu bao l 0-15km/h. Vn duy tr hot ng khi thu bao di chuyn vi tc t 120-350 km/h (thm ch 500km/h ty bng tn). Cc ch tiu trn phi m bo trong bn knh vng ph trng 5km, gim cht t trong phm vi n 30km. T 30-100km th khng hn ch. di bng thng linh hot: c th hot ng vi cc bng 1.2 5MHz, 1.6MHz, 2.5MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz c chiu ln v xung. t c mc tiu ny, s c rt nhiu k thut mi c p dng trong ni bt l k thut v tuyn OFDMA, k thut anten MIMO. Ngoi ra h thng ny s chy hon ton trn nn IP (all-IPnetwork), v h tr c 2 ch FDD v TDD.

Hnh 2.1- Kin trc ca mng LTE. 2.1.2. Tim nng cng ngh Yu cu c t ra vic t tc gi liu nh cho ng xung l 100Mbps v ng ln l 50Mbps, khi hot ng trong phn b ph 20MHz. Khi m phn b ph hp hn th tc d liu nh cng s t l theo. Do , iu kin t ra l c th biu din c 5 bit/s/Hz cho ng xung v 2.5 bit/s/Hz cho ng ln. Nh ni trn LTE h tr c ch FDD v TDD, xt trng hp TDD do truyn dn ng ln v ng xung khng xut hin ng thi nn yu cu tc d liu nh cng khng th trng nhau ng thi. i vi trng hp FDD, c tnh ca LTE cho php qu trnh pht v thu ng thi t c tc d liu nh theo phn l thuyt trn. 2.1.3. Hiu sut h thng Yu cu lu lng ngi dng c nh r theo hai im: ti s phn b ngi dng trung bnh v ti s phn b ngi dng phn v th nm (khi m 95% ngi dng c c cht lng tt hn). Mc tiu hiu sut ph cng c ch r, v trong thuc tnh ny th hiu sut ph c nh ngha l lu lng h thng theo t bo tnh theo bit/s/MHz/cell. Nhng mc tiu thit k ny c tng hp trong bng [5]:

Bng 2.1- Cc yu cu v hiu sut ph v lu lng ngi dng Phng php o hiu Mc tiu ng xung so Mc tiu ng ln so sut vi c bn vi c bn 2 ln 3 ln 2 ln 3 ln Lu lng ngi dng 3 ln 4 ln trung bnh (trn 1MHz) Lu lng ngi dng 2 ln 3 ln ti bin t bo (trn 1MHz phn v th 5) Hiu sut ph 3 ln 4 ln 2 ln 3 ln

bit/s/Hz/cell Yu cu v linh ng ch yu tp trung vo tc di chuyn ca cc thit b u cui di ng. Ti tc thp, 0 15 km/h th hiu sut t c l ti a, v cho php gim i mt t vi tc cao hn. Tc ti a c th qun l i vi mt h thng LTE c th thit lp ln n 350 km/h (thm ch ln n 500km/h ty vo bng tn). Yu cu v vng ph sng tp trung ch yu vo phm vi t bo, ngha l khong cch ti a t vng t bo (cell site ) n thit b u cui di ng trong cell. i vi phm vi t bo ln n 5km th nhng yu cu v lu lng ngi dng, hiu sut ph v linh ng vn c m bo trong gii hn khng b nh hng bi nhiu. i vi nhng t bo c phm vi ln n 30km lu lng ngi dng xut hin s gim nh, hiu sut ph gim mt cch ng k nhng vn c th chp nhn, yu cu v di ng vn c p ng. Nhng yu cu MBMS nng cao xc nh c hai ch : broadcast (qung b) v unicast. Yu cu i vi trng hp broadcast l hiu sut ph 1bit/s/Hz, tng ng vi khong 16 knh TV di ng bng cch s dng khong 300kbit/s trong mi phn b ph tn 5MHz. Hn na, n c th cung cp dch v MBMS vi ch mt dch v trn mt sng mang, cng nh kt hp vi cc dch v non- MBMS khc. 2.1.4. Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn

Nhng yu cu v qun l ti nguyn v tuyn c chia ra nh sau: h tr nng cao cho QoS end to end, h tr hiu qu cho truyn dn lp cao hn, v h tr cho vic chia s ti nguyn cng nh qun l chnh sch thng qua cc cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn khc nhau. Vic h tr nng cao cho QoS end to end yu cu ci thin s thch ng gia dch v, ng dng v cc iu kin v giao thc. Vic h tr hiu qu cho truyn dn lp cao hn i hi LTE phi c kh nng cung cp c cu h tr truyn dn hiu sut cao v hot ng ca cc giao thc lp cao hn qua giao tip v tuyn. Vic h tr chia s ti nguyn v qun l chnh sch thng qua cc cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn khc nhau i hi phi xem xt n vic la chn li cc c cu nh hng cc thit b u cui theo cc dng cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn thch hp cng nh h tr QoS end to end trong qu trnh chuyn giao gia cc cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn. 2.2. Kin trc mng LTE Nhiu cc mc tiu ng rng mt kin trc phng l cn thit, kin trc phng vi t nt tham gia s lm gim tr v ci thin hiu sut. Bt u t phin bn 7, 3GPP pht trin tng ng hm trc tip cho php mt phng ngi dng b qua SGSN [5].

- - - - - - - - mt phng iu khin mt phng ngi dng Hnh 2.2 Pht trin kin trc 3GPP hng ti kin trc phng hn Kin trc mng LTE c thit k vi mc tiu h tr lu lng chuyn mch gi vi tnh di ng linh hot, cht lng dch v (QoS) v tr ti thiu. Mt phng php chuyn mch gi cho php h tr tt c cc dch v bao gm c thoi thng qua cc kt ni gi. Kt qu l trong mt kin trc phng hn, rt n gin ch vi 2 loi nt c th l nt B pht trin (eNB) v phn t qun l di ng/cng (MME/GW). iu ny hon ton tri ngc vi nhiu nt mng trong kin trc mng phn cp hin hnh ca h thng 3G. Mt thay i ln na l phn iu khin mng v tuyn (RNC) c loi b khi ng d liu v chc nng ca n hin nay c thnh lp eNB. Mt s ch li ca mt nt duy nht trong mng truy nhp l gim tr v phn phi ca vic x l ti RNC vo nhiu eNB. Vic loi b RNC ra khi mng truy nhp c th mt phn do h thng LTE khng h tr chuyn giao mm. 2.3. Truy nhp v tuyn trong LTE

2.3.1. Cc ch truy nhp v tuyn Giao din khng gian LTE h tr c hai ch l song cng phn chia theo tn s (FDD) v song cng phn chia theo thi gian (TDD), mi ch c mt cu trc khung ring. Ch bn song cng FDD cho php chia s phn cng gia ng ln v ng xung v ng ln v ng xung khng bao gi s dng ng thi. K thut ny c s dng trong mt s di tn v cng cho php tit kim chi ph trong khi gim mt na kh nng truyn d liu. Giao din khng gian LTE cng h tr pht a phng tin v cc dch v pht qung b a im (MBMS). Mt cng ngh tng i mi cho ni dung pht sng nh truyn hnh k thut s ti UE bng cch s dng cc kt ni im-a im. Cc thng s k thut 3GPP cho MBMS u tin c xut hin trong UMTS phin bn 6. LTE xc nh l mt cp cao hn dch v eMBMS, m n s hot ng qua mt mng n tn s pht qung b/a im (MBSFN), bng cch s dng mt dng sng ng b thi gian

chung m c th truyn ti a trong mt khong thi gian nht nh. MBSFN cho php kt hp qua v tuyn ca truyn a ti UE, s dng tin t vng (CP) bo v cc s sai khc do tr khi truyn ti, cc UE truyn ti nh l t mt t bo ln duy nht. Cng ngh ny gip cho LTE c hiu sut cao cho truyn ti MBMS. 2.3.2. ng tn truyn d n LTE phi h tr th trng khng dy quc t, cc quy nh v ph tn trong khu vc v ph tn sn c. t c iu ny cc thng s k thut bao gm bng thng knh bin i c th la chn t 1,4 ti 20MHz. Vi khong cch gia cc sng mang con l 15kHz. Nu eMBMS mi c s dng, cng c th khong cch gia cc sng mang con l 7,5kHz. Khong cch gia cc sng mang con l mt hng s v n khng ph thuc vo bng thng ca knh. 3GPP xc nh giao din v tuyn ca LTE l bng thng khng th bit, n cho php giao din v tuyn thch ng vi bng thng knh khc nhau vi nh hng nh nht vo hot ng ca h thng. Gi tr nh nht ca ti nguyn c th c phn b ng ln v ng xung c gi l mt khi ti nguyn (RB). Mt RB c rng l 180kHz v ko di trong mt khe thi gian l 0,5ms. Vi LTE tiu chun th mt RB bao gm 12 sng mang con vi khong cch gia cc sng mang con l 15kHz, v cho eMBMS vi ty chn khong cch gia cc sng mang con l 7,5kHz v mt RB gm 24 sng mang con cho 0,5ms. 2.3.3. K thut a truy nhp. K hoch truyn dn ng xung cho E-UTRAN ch FDD v TDD c da trn k thut OFDM truyn thng. Trong h thng OFDM ph tn c sn c chia thnh nhiu sng mang, c gi l cc sng mang con. Mi sng mang con c iu ch c lp bi mt dng d liu tc thp. Tuy nhin, vic truyn OFDMA phi chu mt t l cng sut nh-n-trung bnh (PAPR) cao, iu ny c th dn n nhng h qu tiu cc i vi vic thit k mt b pht sng nhng trong UE. l, khi truyn d liu t UE n mng, cn c mt b khuch i cng sut nng tn hiu n ln mt mc cao mng thu c. B khuch i cng sut l mt trong nhng thnh phn tiu th nng lng ln nht trong mt thit b, v v th nn hiu qu cng sut cng cao cng tt

 lm tng tui th pin ca my. 3GPP tm mt phng n truyn dn khc cho hng ln LTE. SC-FDMA c chn bi v n kt hp cc k thut vi PAPR thp ca cc h thng truyn dn n sng mang, nh GSM v CDMA, vi kh nng chng c a ng v cp pht tn s linh hot ca OFDMA. Mt s so snh gia OFDMA v SC-FDMA c th hin nh trong hnh 2.3, v d ny ch s dng bn (M) sng mang con trong hai chu k k hiu vi d liu ti trng c biu din bi iu ch kha dch pha cu phng (QPSK). Cc tn hiu LTE c cp pht trong cc n v ca 12 sng mang con ln cn. Bn tri hnh 2.4, M cc sng mang con 15kHz lin k c t vo a im mong mun trong bng thng knh v mi sng mang con c iu ch vi chu k k hiu OFDMA l 66,7s bi mt k hiu d liu QPSK. Trong v d ny, bn sng mang con, bn k hiu c a ra song song. y l cc k hiu d liu QPSK do ch c pha ca mi sng mang con l c iu ch v cng sut ca sng mang con vn gi khng i gia cc k hiu. Sau mt chu k k hiu OFDMA tri qua, cc CP c chn vo v bn k hiu tip theo c truyn i song song. cho hnh nh nhn c r dng nn cc CP c hin th nh mt khong trng, tuy nhin, n thc s c lp y vi mt bn sao ca s kt thc ca k hiu tip theo, c ngha l cng sut truyn dn l lin tc nhng c mt s gin on pha bin ca k hiu. to ra tn hiu truyn i, mt IFFT c thc hin trn mi sng mang con to ra M tn hiu min thi gian. Chng ln lt l vector tng hp to ra dng sng min thi gian cui cng c s dng truyn dn.

Hnh 2.3 OFDMA v SC-FDMA truyn mt chui k hiu d liu QPSK S to thnh tn hiu SC-FDMA c bt u vi mt qui trnh c bit ri sau n cng tip tc mt cch tng t nh OFDMA. Tuy nhin trc ht ta s xem hnh bn phi ca hnh 2.3. S khc bit r rng nht l OFDMA truyn bn k hiu d liu QPSK song song trn mi sng mang con, trong khi SC-FDMA truyn bn k hiu d liu QPSK trong lot bn ln, vi mi k hiu d liu chim M15kHz bng thng. Nhn mt cch trc quan, tn hiu OFDMA r dng l a sng mang vi mt k hiu d liu trn mi sng mang con, nhng tn hiu SC-FDMA xut hin nh nhiu hn mt sng mang n (v th m c SC trong tn SC-FDMA) vi mi k hiu d liu c biu din bng mt lot tn hiu. Lu rng chiu di k hiu OFDMA v SCFDMA l nh nhau vi 66,7s, tuy nhin, k hiu SC-FDMA c cha M cc k hiu con m biu din cho d liu iu ch. l vic truyn ti song song ca nhiu cc k hiu to ra PAPR cao khng mong mun vi OFDMA. Bng cch truyn M cc k hiu d liu trong dy vo M thi im, SC-FDMA chim bng thng cng nh a sng mang OFDMA nhng ch yu l PAPR tng t nh c s dng cho cc k hiu d liu gc. Thm vo cng nhau nhiu dng sng QPSK bng hp trong OFDMA s lun to ra

cc nh cao hn c th thy trong bng thng rng hn, dng sng QPSK n sng mang SC-FDMA. 2.3.4. K thut a anten MIMO Trung tm ca LTE thin hiu sut bi v cc tn hiu pht ra s c cc ng dn vt l tng ca k thut a anten, c s dng tng vng ph sng v kh nng ca lp vt l. Thm vo nhiu anten hn vi mt h thng v tuyn cho php kh nng ci l khc nhau. C ba loi chnh ca k thut a anten. u tin n gip s dng trc tip s phn tp ng dn trong mt s bc x ng dn c th b mt mt do fading v mt ci khc c th khng. Th hai l vic s dng k thut hng bp sng(beamforming) bng cch iu khin mi tng quan pha ca cc tn hiu in pht ra vo cc anten vi nng lng truyn li theo t nhin. Loi th ba s dng s phn tch khng gian ( s khc bit ng dn bng cch tch bit cc anten ) thng qua vic s dng ghp knh theo khng gian v s to chm tia, cn c gi l k thut a u vo, a u ra (MIMO ). Hnh 2.4 cho thy, c 4 cch thc hin vic s dng knh v tuyn. n gin cc v d c miu t ch s dng mt hoc hai anten.

Hnh 2.4 Cc ch truy nhp knh v tuyn

Bao gm : n u vo n u ra (SISO) n u vo a u ra (SIMO) a u vo n u ra (MISO) a u vo a u ra (MIMO)

LTE s dng k thut a anten MIMO, ta tp trung tm hiu v k thut ny. T hnh 2.4, ta c th thy MIMO yu cu 2 hoc nhiu my pht v hai hoc nhiu my thu. MIMO lm tng cng sut ph bng cch pht nhiu lung d liu cng mt lc trong cng mt tn s v thi gian, tn dng y cc li th ca cc ng dn khc nhau trong knh v tuyn. i vi mt h thng c m t nh MIMO, n phi c t nht l nhiu my thu vi nhiu lung pht. S lng cc lung pht khng c nhm ln vi s lng cc ng ten pht. Hy xem xt trng hp phn tp pht (MISO) trong c hai my pht nhng ch c mt dng d liu. Thm na s phn tp thu (SIMO) khng chuyn cu hnh ny vo MIMO, mc d hin ti c hai anten pht v hai anten thu c lin quan. Ni cch khc SIMO+MISO # MIMO. Nu N lung d liu c truyn t t hn N anten, d liu c th khng c gii xo trn mt cch y bi bt k my thu no t to ra s chng cho cc lung m khng c s b sung ca phn tp theo khng gian th ch to ra nhiu. Tuy nhin v mt khng gian vic tch bit N cc lung qua ti thiu N anten, N my thu s c th ti to li y d liu ban u v nhiu trong knh v tuyn l thp. Mt yu t quan trng cho hot ng MIMO l vic truyn t mi anten phi l duy nht mi my thu c th xc nh c ci g m n nhn c. Vic nhn dng ny thng c thc hin vi cc tn hiu ch o, trong s dng cc mu trc giao cho mi anten. S phn tp khng gian ca knh v tuyn ngha l MIMO c kh nng lm tng tc d liu. Hnh thc c bn nht ca MIMO l gn mt dng d liu cho mi anten v c th hin nh trong hnh 2.5:

Hnh 2.5 MIMO 2x2 khng c tin m ha Trong dng ny, mt lung d liu duy nht c gn cho mt anten v c bit n nh nh x trc tip. Sau chng c trn ln vi nhau trn knh, mi anten thu s nhn mt s kt hp ca cc lung. Bn thu s s dng mt b lc nghch o v tng hp cc lung nhn c ri ti to li d liu gc. Mt dng tin tin hn ca MIMO l tin m ha c bit ph hp vi vic truyn dn ch c bit ca knh. Kt qu ny ti u trong mi lung c lan truyn qua nhiu hn mt anten pht. Vi k thut ny lm vic hiu qu my pht phi c s hiu bit v cc iu kin knh truyn, v trong trng hp FDD cc iu kin ny phi c cung cp trong thi gian thc bi thng tin phn hi t UE. Nh vy n s lm phc tp thm mt cch ng k cho vic ti u ha nhng h thng c th lm vic vi hiu sut cao hn. Tin m ha vi h thng TDD khng yu cu nhn phn hi bi v my pht s xc nh mt cch c lp cc iu kin ca knh truyn bi vic phn tch cc tn hiu nhn c trn cng mt tn s. Nhng li ch v mt l thuyt ca MIMO l chc nng ca s lng cc anten truyn v nhn, cc iu kin lan truyn v tuyn, SNR v kh nng ca my pht thch nghi vi cc iu kin thay i. Trng hp l tng l mt trong cc ng dn trong knh truyn v tuyn l hon ton khng tng quan, nh th ring bit, cc kt ni cp vt l khng c xuyn m gia my pht v my thu. iu kin nh vy gn nh l khng t c trong khng gian t do. Cc gii hn trn ca MIMO t c trong cc iu kin l tng l d dng xc nh, v cho mt h thng 22 vi hai lung d liu

ng thi lm tng gp i cng sut v tc d liu l c th. MIMO hot ng tt nht trong cc iu kin SNR cao vi ng tm nhn cc tiu. Kt qu l, MIMO c bit ph hp vi mi trng trong nh, c th to ra mt mc cao ca a ng v tm nhn cc tiu. 2.4. Lp vt l LTE

2.4.1. iu ch Trong iu ch hng ln s dng b iu ch truyn thng l iu ch bin cu phng (QAM). Trong cc phng php iu ch c sn (cho d liu ngi dng) l kha dch pha vung gc (QPSK), 16QAM v 24 QAM. Trong QPSK v 16QAM l c sn trong tt c cc thit b, trong khi vic h tr cho 64QAM theo hng ng ln l mt kh nng ca UE. Cc chm im iu ch khc nhau c th hin nh trong hnh 2.6:

Hnh 2.6 Cc chm im iu ch trong LTE iu ch PRACH l iu ch pha v cc chui c s dng l c to ra t cc chui ZadoffChu vi nhng s khc bit v pha gia cc k hiu khc nhau ca cc chui. Ty thuc vo chui c chn dn n t l nh- trung bnh (PAR) hoc hn na gi tr Metric khi (CM) thc t l c phn thp hn hoc cao hn so vi gi tr ca QPSK. S dng iu ch QPSK cho php hiu qu cng sut pht tt khi vn hnh ti ch cng sut truyn ti y cng nh iu ch s quyt nh kt qu ca CM (i vi SC-FDMA) v do n cng yu cu thit b khuych i ch truyn. Cc thit b s s dng cng sut pht ti a thp hn khi vn hnh vi iu ch 16QAM hoc 64QAM.

Trong hng ng xung, cc phng php iu ch cho d liu ngi s dng cng tng t nh trong hng ln. Theo l thuyt th h thng OFDM c th s dng cc iu ch khc nhau cho mi sng mang con. c knh thng tin cht lng (v bo hiu) vi chi tit nh vy l s khng th kh thi do dn n chi ph qu mc. Nu iu ch ring tng sng mang con s c qu nhiu bt trong hng ng xung dnh cho bo nhn trong cc tham s ca mi sng mang con v trong hng ng ln phn hi ch th cht lng knh (CQI) s cn phi qu chi tit t c mc chi tit cc sng mang con c th thch ng. Ngoi ra kha dch pha nh phn(BPSK) c xc nh cho cc knh iu khin, trong s dng hoc l BPSK hoc l QPSK cho truyn dn cc thng tin iu khin. 2.4.2. Truyn ti d liu ngi s dng hng ln D liu ngi s dng trong hng ln c mang trn PUSCH, trong mt cu trc khung 10ms v c da trn s cp pht ti nguyn min thi gian v min tn s vi 1ms v khong chia 180kHz. Vic phn b ti nguyn i km t mt b lp biu c t ti eNodeB, c minh ha trong hnh 2.7:

Hnh 2.7 Cp pht ti nguyn hng ln c iu khin bi b lp biu eNodeB

Do khng c s c nh cc ngun ti nguyn cho cc thit b, v cng khng cn tn hiu trc t eNodeB cc ngun ti nguyn ch cn truy nhp ngu nhin l c th c s dng. i vi mc ch ny cc thit b c nhu cu cn phi cung cp thng tin cho cc b lp lch biu ng ln ca cc yu cu truyn dn (b m trng thi) n c cng nh da trn cc ngun ti nguyn cng sut truyn ti hin sn c. Cu trc khung thng qua cu trc khe 0,5ms v s dng 2 khe (1 khung con) thi gian c cp pht. Chu k cp pht ngn hn 0,5ms c th c c qua cng tn hiu nht l vi mt s lng ln ngi s dng. Cu trc khung 10ms c minh ha trong hnh 2.8. Cu trc khung v c bn l ph hp cho c hai ch FDD v TDD, nhng ch TDD c cc phn b sung cho cc im chuyn tip ng ln/ng xung trong khung.

Hnh 2.8 Cu trc khung LTE FDD Trong khe 0,5ms c c cc k hiu tham chiu v cc k hiu d liu ngi s dng. Tc d liu ca ngi dng l tm thi do nhng s thay i nh l mt chc nng ca phn b ti nguyn ng ln ty thuc vo bng thng tm thi c cp pht. Bng thng c th c cp pht gia 0 v 20MHz trong cc bc ca 180kHz. Cp pht l lin tc nh truyn dn ng ln l FDMA c iu ch ch vi mt k hiu c truyn ti mt thi im. Bng thng khe c iu chnh gia cc TTI lin ti p c minh ha nh trong hnh 2.9. Ni m tng gp i tc d liu kt qu l tng gp i bng thng c s dng. Cc k hiu tham chiu lun chim cng mt khng gian trong min thi gian v do tc d liu cao hn kt qu l s tng tng ng vi tc d liu k hiu tham chiu.

Hnh 2.9 Tc d liu gia cc TTI theo hng ln Tin t vng(Cyclic Prefix) s dng trong ng ln c hai gi tr c th ph thuc vo vic mt tin t vng l ngn hoc di c p dng. Cc thng s khc l khng thay i v do khe 0,5ms c th cha c 6 hoc 7 k hiu nh c ch ra trong hnh 2.10. Cc ti trng d liu b gim bt nu mt tin t vng m rng c s dng. Nhng n khng c s dng thng xuyn thng l c li v hiu sut v c 7 k hiu ln hn nhiu so vi s suy gim c th c t nhiu lin k t do s tr ca knh di hn so vi tin t vng.

Hnh 2.10 Cu trc khe ng ln vi tin t vng ngn v di Kt qu l tc d liu hng ln tc thi trn mt khung con 1ms l mt chc nng ca iu ch, s lng cc khi ti nguyn c cp pht, v tng s chi ph cho thng tin iu khin cng nh l tc m ha knh c p dng. Phm vi ca tc d liu nh hng ln tc thi khi c tnh ton t cc ngun ti nguyn lp vt l l

trong khong t 700kbps ti 86Mbps. Khng c a anten cho truyn ti hng ln c xc nh trong phin bn 8. Tc d liu tc thi cho mt UE ph thuc vo cc c im ng ln LTE t cc yu t sau: Phng thc iu ch c p dng: vi 2, 4 hoc 6 bits trn k hiu iu ch ty thuc vo trnh t iu ch vi QPSK, 16QAM v 64QAM tng ng. Bng thng c p dng: i vi 1,4MHz c chi ph l ln nht do c cc knh chung v cc tn hiu ng b. Bng thng tm thi ca knh c th bin i gia s cp pht ti thiu l 12 sng mang con (mt khi ti nguyn l 180kHz) v bng thng ca h thng ln n 1200 sng mang con vi bng thng 20MHz. Tc m ha knh c p dng. Tc d liu trung bnh ph thuc vo thi gian phn b ti nguyn min.

Cc hoc cc khu vc c th, nng sut d liu ti a c th c tng ln vi MIMO o (V-MIMO). Trong V-MIMO th eNodeB s x l truyn t hai UE khc nhau (vi mi mt ngten pht n) nh l mt kiu truyn dn MIMO. V-MIMO khng gp phn vo tc d liu ti a cho ngi dng n l.

Hnh 2.11 Chui m ha knh PUSCH Chui m ha knh cho ng ln c th hin nh trong hnh 2.11, ni m d liu v cc thng tin iu khin c m ha ring v sau c nh x ti cc k hiu ring truyn. Thng tin iu khin c a im ring quanh cc k hiu tham chiu, thng tin iu khin lp vt l c m ha ring bit v c t vo mt tp cc k hiu iu ch c xc nh trc. M ha knh c chn cho d liu ngi dng LTE l m turbo. M ha l m chp ghp song song (PCCC) b m ha kiu turbo. M turbo an xen ca WCDMA c sa i ph hp hn vi c tnh ca LTE, cu trc khe v cng cho php s linh hot hn thc hin vic s l tn hiu song song vi tc d liu tng ln. LTE cng s dng kt hp vi s pht li lp vt l, thng c gi l yu cu lp li thch ng hn hp (HARQ). Trong khi vn hnh lp vt l HARQ cng nhn lu

tr cc gi tin khi vic kim tra CRC tht bi v kt hp gi tin nhn c khi nhn c mt s truyn li. D liu v thng tin iu khin c ghp theo thi gian mc thnh phn ti nguyn. D liu c iu khin mt cch c lp vi cc thng tin iu khin, nhng thi gian iu ch trong mt 1ms TTI l nh nhau.

Hnh 2.12 Ghp knh ca thng tin iu khin v d liu 2.4.3. Truyn ti d liu ngi s dng hng xung D liu ngi dng hng xung c mang trn knh chia s ng xung vt l (PDSCH). Tng t vic phn b ti nguyn 1ms cng l hp l trn ng xung. Cc sng mang con c cp pht cc n v ti nguyn ca 12 sng mang con dn n cc n v cp pht l 180kHz (khi ti nguyn vt l, PRBs). Vi PDSCH, a truy nhp l OFDMA, mi sng mang con c truyn i song song vi 15kHz v do tc d liu ca ngi s dng ph thuc vo s lng cc sng mang con c cp pht (hoc cc khi ti nguyn trong thc t) cho mt ngi dng nht nh. eNodeB cp pht khi

ti nguyn da trn ch s cht lng knh (CQI) t thit b u cui. Tng t nh ng ln, cc khi ti nguyn c cp pht trong min thi gian v min tn s, c minh ha nh trong hnh 2.13:

Hnh 2.13 Cp pht ti nguyn ng xung ti eNodeB Knh iu khin ng xung vt l (PDCCH) thng bo cho thit b cc khi ti nguyn c cp pht cho n, t ng vi chi tit cp pht l 1ms. D liu PDSCH s chim gi t 3 n 6 k hiu trn mi khe 0,5ms ty thuc vo vic cp pht cho PDCCH v n cng ph thuc xem liu mt tin t vng c s dng l ngn hay di. Trong mt khung con 1ms, ch c khe 0,5ms u tin cha PDCCH trong khi khe 0,5ms th 2 l hon ton cho d liu (cho PDSCH) . i vi mt tin t vng di th 6 k hiu s c gn trong khe 0,5ms. Trong khi vi mt tin t vng ngn th 7 k hiu c th c gn vo. V d nh trong hnh 2.14, gi s c 3 k hiu cho PDCCH nhng iu ny c th thay i gia 1 v 3. Vi bng thng nh nht l 1,4MHz s cc k hiu thay i gia 2 v 4 cho php c dung lng truyn tn hiu v cc bit cho php m ha knh tt trong cc trng hp quan trng.

Hnh 2.14 Cu trc khe ng xung cho bng thng 1.4 MHz

\ Hnh 2.15 Chui m ha knh DL-SCH

Ngoi cc k hiu iu khin cho PDCCH, khng gian d liu ca ngi s dng c b gim bt do cc tn hiu chun, cc tn hiu ng b v d liu qung b. Do c lng knh l c li khi cc tn hiu chun c phn b u trong min thi gian v min tn s. iu ny lm gim bt cc chi ph cn thit, nhng n yu cu mt s quy tc phi c xc nh c hai my thu v my pht hiu c nh x ti nguyn mt cch ging nhau. T tng khng gian cp pht ti nguyn vi mt nhu cu vn chuyn ton b vo ti khon cho cc knh chung nh PBCH, c th tiu tn khng gian ti nguyn ca ring h. Mt v d v PDCCH v vic cp pht ti nguyn PDSCH c th hin trong hnh 2.16:

Hnh 2.16 V d v chia s ti nguyn ng xung gia PDCCH & PDSCH M ha knh cho d liu ngi dng theo ng xung l s dng m turbo 1/3 nh trong hng ng ln. Kch thc ti a cho khi m ha turbo c gii hn trong 6144 bit gim bt gnh nng x l, cc cp pht cao hn sau s c phn on n cc khi m ha a. Bn cnh vic m ha turbo, ng xung cng c lp vt l HARQ vi cc phng php kt hp tng t nh trong hng ln. Cc loi thit b cng

phn nh s lng b nh m c sn kt hp pht li. Chui m ha ng xung c minh ha nh trong hnh 2.16. Khng c ghp knh cc ngun ti nguyn lp vt l vi PDCCH khi chng c ngun ti nguyn ring ca mnh trong khung con 1ms. Mt khi d liu c m ha, cc t m c cung cp v sau cho cc chc nng iu ch v xo trn. nh x iu ch c p dng cc iu ch mong mun (QPSK, 16QAM hoc 64QAM) v sao cc k hiu c np cho lp nh x trc khi m ha. i vi vic truyn dn a anten (2 hoc 4) th cc d liu ny sau c chia thnh nhiu lung khc nhau v sau c nh x iu chnh cc thnh phn ti nguyn sn c cho PDSCH v sau tn hiu OFDMA thc t c to ra, c th hin trong hnh 2.17 vi v d l truyn dn 2 anten. Nu ch c mt anten pht l sn c, th r dng l cc chc nng ca lp nh x v trc m ha l khng c vi tr trong truyn dn tn hiu.

Hnh 2.17 S to thnh tn hiu hng xung Hiu qu ca tc d liu hng xung tc thi ph thuc vo : iu ch, vi phng php tng t c th nh hng ng ln. Cp pht s lng cc sng mang con. Lu rng trong ng xung cc khi ti nguyn l khng cn thit phi cp pht lin tc trong min tn s. Phm vi ca vic cp pht bng thng l tng t nh hng ng ln t 12 sng mang con (180kHz) ti 1200 sng mang con.

Tc m ha knh. S lng anten pht (cc lung c lp) vi s hot ng ca MIMO. Tc d liu nh tc thi cho ng xung (gi s tt c cc ti nguyn l cho

mt ngi dng duy nht v ch tnh cc ngun ti nguyn vt l c sn) l khong t 0,7Mbps ti 170Mbps. Thm ch c th l 300Mbps hoc c th cao hn nu s dng cu hnh MIMO 4 4 anten. Khng c gii hn v tc d liu nh nht, v cn c cc n v cp pht nh nht (1 khi ti nguyn) l qu cao th khong m c th c p dng. 2.5. Cc th tc truy nhp LTE

2.5.1. D tm t bo D tm cell l th tc m theo thit b u cui tm thy mt cell c kh nng kt ni ti. Nh l mt phn ca th tc d tm cell, thit b u cui thu c nhn dng cell v c tnh nh thi khung ca cell c xc nh. Hn na, th tc d tm cell cng cung cp s nh gi cc thng s cn thit cho vic thu nhn thng tin ca h thng trn knh qung b, c cha cc thng s cn li cn thit cho vic truy nhp vo h thng. trnh vic lp k hoch cell phc tp, s lng cc nhn dng cell lp vt l phi c ln. LTE h tr 510 nhn dng khc nhau, c chia thnh 170 nhm nhn dng cell . gim s phc tm trong vic d tm cell, d tm cell trong LTE thng c thc hin trong mt vi bc, tng t nh th tc d tm ba bc trong WCDMA. h tr thit b u cui trong th tc ny, LTE cung cp mt tn hiu ng b s cp v mt tn hiu ng b th cp trn ng xung. Cc tn hiu ng b s cp v th cp l cc chui ring, c chn vo hai k hiu OFDM cui cng trong khe u tin ca khung ph (subframe) 0 v 5. Ngoi cc tn hiu ng b, th tc d tm cell cng c th li dng cc tn hiu tham chiu nh l mt phn hot ng ca n. 2.5.2. Truy nhp ng u nhin Mt yu cu c bn cho bt k mt h thng di ng t bo no l kh nng cho thit b u cui yu cu thit lp mt kt ni. iu ny thng c gi l truy nhp

ngu nhin v ph v hai mc ch chnh ca LTE, l thit lp ng b hng ln v thit lp mt nhn dng thit b u cui duy nht, C-RNTI, c bit n c h thng mng v thit b u cui. Do , truy nhp ngu nhin c s dng khng ch cho truy nhp ban u, khi chuyn giao t LTE_DETACHED (LTE_tch bit) hoc LTE_IDLE (LTE_rnh ri) ti LTE_ACTIVE (LTE_tch cc), m cn sau nhng giai on ca tnh trng khng tch cc ng ln khi ng b ng ln b mt trong LTE_ACTIVE. Tng quan v truy nhp ngu nhin c th hin nh trong hnh 2.18, n bao gm bn bc: Bc u tin bao gm truyn dn phn m u truy nhp ngu nhin, cho php eNodeB c tnh s nh thi truyn ti ca thit b u cui. ng b hng ln l cn thit nu khng th thit b u cui khng th truyn c bt k d liu no hng ln. Bc th hai bao gm: mng s truyn mt lnh nh thi sm n iu chnh s nh thi truyn ca thit b u cui, da trn php o nh thi trong bc u tin. Ngoi vic thit lp ng b hng ln, bc hai cng ch nh cc ngun ti nguyn hng ln cho thit b u cui c s dng trong bc th ba trong cc th tc truy nhp ngu nhin. Bc th ba bao gm truyn dn s nhn dng thit b u cui di ng bng cch s dng UL-SCH tng t nh d liu c hoch nh thng thng. Ni dung chnh xc ca tn hiu ny ph thuc vo trng thi ca thit b u cui, d n trc y c bit n mng hay khng. Bc th t v cng l bc cui cng bao gm truyn dn thng ip phn gii tranh chp t mng ti thit b u cui trn knh DL-SCH. Bc ny cng gii quyt mi tranh chp do c nhiu thit b u cui ang c gng truy nhp vo h thng bng cch s dng cng ti nguyn truy nhp h thng

Hnh 2.18 Th tc truy nhp ngu nhin

2.6.

Kt lun chng 2 Qua chng trn chng ta tm hiu v kin trc, lp vt l v cc th tc truy

nhp trong LTE. Tuy nhin, LTE mi ch c gi vi ci tn khng chnh thc l 3,9G n vn cha p ng yu cu ca mt h thng thng tin di ng th t. LTE s dng k thut truy nhp phn chia theo tn s trc giao OFDMA ng xung. Trong khi ng ln LTE s dng k thut a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s n sng mang SC FDMA. Vy chnh thc c gi l h thng thng tin di ng th h th t TLE cn c thm nhng g, ta cng tm hiu v cng ngh LTE Advanced. CHNG III. CNG NGH LTE ADVANCED TRONG THNG TIN DI NG

3.1. LTE-Advanced LTE-Advanced (Long Term Evolution-Advanced) l s tin ha ca cng ngh LTE, cng ngh da trn OFDMA ny c chun ha bi 3GPP trong phin bn (Release) 8 v 9. LTE-Advanced, d n c nghin cu v chun ha bi 3GPP vo nm 2009 vi cc c t c mong i hon thnh vo qu 2 nm 2010 nh l mt phn ca Release 10 nhm p ng hoc vt hn so vi nhng yu cu ca th h cng ngh v tuyn di ng th 4 (4G) IMT-Advance c thit lp bi ITU. LTE Advance s tng thch ngc v thun vi LTE, ngha l cc thit b LTE s hot ng c mng LTE-Advance mi v cc mng LTE c. ITU a ra cc yu cu cho IMT-Advance nhm to ra nh ngha chnh thc v 4G. Thut ng 4G s p dng trn cc mng tun theo cc yu cu ca IMT-Advance xoay quanh bo co ITU-R M.2134. Mt s yu cu then cht bao gm: H tr rng bng tn ln n v bao gm 40Mhz. Khuyn khch h tr cc rng bng tn rng hn. Hiu qu s dng ph tn nh ng xung ti thiu l 15 b/s/Hz (gi s s dng MIMO 4x4).

Hiu qu s dng ph tn nh ng ln ti thiu l 6,75 b/s/Hz (gi s s dng MIMO 4x4).

Tc thng lng l thuyt l 1,5 Gb/s.

3.2. Nhng cng ngh xut cho LTE-Advanced 3.2.1. ng thng v ph tn Mc tiu tc s liu nh ca LTE-Advance rt cao v ch c th c tha mn mt cch va phi bng cch tng rng bng truyn dn hn na so vi nhng g c cung cp Release u tin ca LTE v rng bng truyn dn ln n 100Mhz c tho lun trong ni dung ca LTE-Advance. Vic m rng rng ca bng s c thc hin trong khi vn duy tr c tnh tng thch ph. iu ny c th t c bng cch s dng khi tp kt sng mang, trong nhiu sng mang thnh phn LTE c kt hp trn lp vt l cung cp rng bng cn thit. i vi thit b u cui LTE, mi sng mang thnh phn s xut hin nh l mt sng mang LTE trong khi mt thit b u cui LTE-Advanced c th khai thc ton b rng bng khi kt tp. Hnh 3.1 minh ha trng hp cc sng mang thnh phn lin tip nhau mc d kha cnh bng gc, iu ny khng phi l iu kin tin quyt. Truy nhp n mt lng ln ph lin tc bc 100Mhz khng th c thng xuyn. Do , LTE-Advanced c th cho php kt tp cc sng mang thnh phn khng lin k x l cc tnh hung trong mt khi lng ln ph lin tip nhau khng sn c. Tuy nhin, nn lu rng s kt tp ph khng lin k nhau ang l thch thc t kha cnh thc thi.V vy, mc d khi kt tp ph c h tr bi cc c t c bn th s kt tp ph phn tn ch c cung cp bi cc thit b u cui cp cao nht. Truy nhp trn cc rng bng tn truyn dn cao hn khng ch hu ch t kha cnh tc nh m quan trng hn l cng c cho vic m rng ph sng vi cc tc s liu trung bnh.

Hnh 3.1 V d v khi tp kt sng mang 3.2.2. Gii php a anten Cc cng ngh a anten, bao gm nh dng chm v ghp knh theo khng gian l cc thnh phn cng ngh then cht vn c ca LTE v chc chn s tip tc ng vai tr quan trng hn trong LTE-Advanced. Thit k a anten hin ti cung cp ln n bn cng anten vi cc tn hiu tham chiu c th tng ng ng xung, kt hp vi s tin m ha da trn s m. Cu trc ny cung cp c s ghp theo khng gian ln n bn lp, a n tc bit nh l 300Mbit/s cng nh l nh dng chm (da trn s m). Kt hp vi nhau trn rng bng ton phn l 100 Mhz, s ghp khng gian LTE hin ti s t c tc nh l 1,5Gb/s vt xa so vi yu cu ca LTE Advanced. C th thy trc rng h tr ghp knh theo khng gian ng ln s l mt phn ca LTE-Advance. Vic tng s lp truyn dn ng xung vt xa con s bn l c kh nng v c th c s dng nh l phn b sung i vi s tng tc nh thng qua s m rng bng tn. 3.2.3 Truyn d n a im phi hp Mc tiu v s liu nh ca LTE-Advance yu cu s ci thin ng k v t l tn hiu trn tp m v can nhiu SINR thit b u cui. nh dng chm l mt cch. cc mng hin ti, nhiu anten nm phn tn v mt a l kt ni n mt n v x l bng gc trung tm c s dng nhm em li hiu qu v chi ph. M hnh trin khai thu/pht a im phi hp vi qu trnh x l bng gc mt nt n c m t hnh trn. ng xung, n ch ra s phi hp truyn dn t a im truyn dn.

Hnh 3.2 Truyn dn a im phi hp 3.2.4. Cc b lp v chuyn tip T vic xem xt qu ng truyn, vic trin khai cc gii php chuyn tip khc nhau nhm gim khong cch my pht v my thu xung v cho php tng tc s liu. Cc b lp n gin s khuch i v chuyn i cc tn hiu tng t thu c. Khi c ci t, cc b lp lin tc chuyn i tn hiu thu c m khng quan tm n c thit b u cui trong vng ph sng ca n hay khng. Nhng b lp nh vy khng hin th i vi c cc thit b u cui v trm gc. Tuy nhin, c th xem xt cc cu trc b lp cao cp hn, chng hn s trong mng c th iu khin cng sut truyn ca b lp, chng hn, ch tch cc b lp khi ngi s dng hin din trong khu vc c iu khin bi b lp nhm tng tc s liu cung cp trong khu vc. Cc bo co o c b sung t cc thit b u cui c th cng c xem xt nh l phng tin hng dn mng m trong cc b lp c bt ln. Tuy nhin, vic iu khin ti truyn dn v lp biu thng nm trm gc v v vy, cc b lp thng trong sut t kha cnh di ng. Nt trung gian cng c th gii m v ti ha bt k s liu thu c, u tin chuyn tip n n ngi s dng c phc v. y thng c xem l chuyn tip gii m ha v truyn tip. Khi nt trung gian gii m ha v ti m ha khi s liu thu

c th to ra tr ng k, lu hn di khung con LTE 1ms. Tuy nhin, cc nt chuyn tip khng truyn tip cc tp m v s thch nghi tc c th c thc hin mt cch ring r cho mi kt ni. i vi cc b lp, tn ti nhiu ty chn khc nhau ph thuc vo cc tnh nng c h tr nhng mc cao, c th phn bit hai tng khc nhau, da trn vic truyn tip c thc hin lp 2 (chuyn tip lp 2) hay lp 3 (chuyn tip lp 3). Mc d ging nhau nhiu im c bn (tr, khng khuch i tp m), gii php self backhauling khng yu cu bt k nt, giao thc hoc giao din mi no chun ha bi v cc gii php ang tn ti c ti s dng v do c th c a chung hn trn cc k thut cng chc nng L2 ca chng.

Hnh 3.3 Chuyn tip trong LTE-Advanced

3.2.5 MCMC CDMA Song song vi cc gii php trn th mt xut cng ang c a ra l MCMC CDMA (Multicode Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access) nhm cung cp nhiu loi tc khc nhau c truyn i trn nhiu song mang con. A. H thng Multicarrier CDMA H thng MC-CDMA c xem nh l s kt hp ni tip ca CDMA v OFDM. S kt hp ny c hai u im chnh, th nht n k tha kh nng lm chm tc k t trn mi sng mang ph c c mt s nhn tn hiu gn ng b (quasi -

synchronous). u im th hai l n c th kt hp mt cch hiu qu nng lng tn hiu b phn tn trong min tn s. c bit trong nhng trng hp truyn dn tc cao khi mt b thu DS-CDMA c th thy 20 ng trong p ng xung tc thi, mt b kt hp RAKE 20 ng l iu khng th thc hin cho b thu DS-CDMA, trong khi mt b thu MC-CDMA l c th thc hin c mc d n s tiu tn nng lng tn hiu nhn trong nhng khong bo v. B pht MC-CDMA tri lung d liu ban u ln cc sng mang ph khc nhau bng cch s dng mt m tri rng trong min tn s. Ni mt cch khc, phn k t tng ng vi mt chip ca m tri rng s c truyn trn mt sng mang ph. Hnh 3.4 cho ta khi nim v s to tn hiu MC -CDMA cho mt ngi dng. Tng t nh trong h thng CDMA, mt ngi dng c th chim ton b bng thng cho s truyn dn ca mt k t d liu. S phn bit cc tn hiu ca nhng ngi dng khc nhau c thc hin trong min m. Mi k t d liu c sao chp ln cc lung ph trc khi nhn n vi chip ca m tri rng, iu ny cho thy mt h thng MC-CDMA thc hin s tri rng theo hng tn s v nh vy lm tng thm tnh linh ng khi so snh vi mt h thng CDMA. S nh x cc chip theo hng tn s cho php s nhn dng tn hiu c th c thc hin bng nhiu phng php n gin.

Hnh 3.4 S to tn hiu MC-CDMA cho mt ngi dng S to tn hiu tri ph a sng mang s dng OFDM cho mt ngi dung c minh ha hnh 3.4. Khng mt tnh tng qu, s to tn hiu MC -CDMA c miu t cho mt k t i vi mi ngi dng, v vy ch s k t d liu khng cn ghi r.

Trong b pht, k t d liu gi tr phc ph : = C chiu di L = =

ca ngi dng th k c nhn vi m tri

(3.1)

. Chui gi tr phc thu c sau b tri ph : = = (3.2)

Hnh 3.5 Nguyn tc to tn hiu MC- CDMA Tn hiu ng xung (downlin ): tuyn xung ng b, cc tn hiu tri ph ca K user c cng vi nhau trc khi thc hin phng php OFDM (hnh 3.3). Kt qu xp chng K user vi nhau to ra tn hiu tri ph : Kt qu ny c th vit di dng ma trn S=C.d Trong d= l m tri ph c trng cho user th k: C= (3.6) (3.5) l vector gm cc k hiu pht ca K user tch cc, cn C l ma trn m ct th k (3.4) (3.3)

Hnh 3.6 My pht MC-CDMA tuyn xung Tn hiu MC-CDMA tuyn xung l kt qu ca qu trnh x l tn hiu s bng khi OFDM theo phng trnh (3.3). Gi s rng khong d phng l di, vector thu sau khi thc hin bin i ngc OFDM v loi b cc khong tn s tha s c xc nh bi: r = H.s + n = (3.7) trong H l ma trn LxL c trng cho knh truyn v n l vector tn hiu nhiu chiu di L. Vector r s c a vo b pht hin d liu c lng (bng phng php cng hoc mm) d liu pht. Khi m t k thut pht hin a user, vector r s c biu din di dng: r = A.s + n = vi A l ma trn h thng xc nh bi: A= H.C Tn hiu ng ln (uplin ) tuyn ln, tn hiu MC-CDMA c c mt cch trc tip sau khi x l chui ca user th k bng khi OFDM. Sau khi thc hin qu trnh bin i ngc OFDM v loi b cc khong tn s tha my thu th vector thu ng vi chui pht trong +n= s l: (3.10) (3.9) (3.8)

bao gm cc h s ca knh truyn ph ng vi user th k. Tuyn ln phi

c ng b phng php OFDM t hiu sut s dng ph cao nht. Vector r ny s c a vo b pht hin c lng d liu pht bng phng php cng hoc mm. Ma trn h thng A ca tuyn ln c nh ngha bi:

A= ( B. H thng Multicode CDMA

(3.11)

H thng Multi-code CDMA cung cp nhiu loi tc khc nhau bng cch n nh cho mi ngi dng mt tp gm M chui m, kch thc M ca tp m s thay i theo tc yu cu. Ty thuc vo cch thc nh x cc bit d liu vo cc chui m m ta c cc h thng Multi-code CDMA khc nhau. H thng Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn song song Trong h thng Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn song song khi mt ngi dng cn truyn mt lung d liu c tc ln hn tc c bn M ln th h thng s chuyn lung d liu ny thnh M lung d liu con song song (s dng b chuyn i ni tip sang song song), M lung d liu con ny c xem nh l ca M ngi dng c lp, mi lung s c tri ph (m ha) bng mt m khc nhau trong tp v c cng li trc khi chuyn ln truyn dn cao tn. Hnh 3.7 miu t s khi b pht trong h thng Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn song song.

Hnh 3.7 S khi b pht Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn song song B thu ca h thng Multi-code CDMA c xem nh tng ng vi M b thu ca h thng DS-CDMA. Hnh 3.8 miu t s khi ca b thu h thng Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn song song.

Hnh 3.8 S khi b thu Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn song song gim s t xuyn nhiu (self-interference) m mt ngi dng s dng nhiu m c th gp phi th cc m ca cng ngi dng nn trc giao ln nhau. H thng Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn M-ary Trong h thng Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn M-ary mi ngi dng cng c gn mt tp gm M chui m. Cc tc d liu khc nhau ca ngi dng s c h tr bng cch thay i kch thc M ca tp chui m. Ngi dng truyn d liu bng cch chn mt chui m t tp chui ca h v truyn n qua knh chung, bng cch ny (M ) bit d liu c truyn trong mt chu k k t d liu. Qu trnh to m cho mt ngi dng cho mt h thng Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn M-ary cng tng t nh qu trnh to m trong h thng Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn song song. Mi ngi dng c gn mt m c trng cho ngi dng mt tp m { ngi dng. Tp m cho ngi dng th k l: ={ (n)|1 m M} ={ (n) (n)|1 m M} (3.12) (n), b (n) , (n)|1 m M} c gi l tp m thng tin c dng chung cho tt c

Vi cch to m ny th b nh x cc k t d liu M-ary vo cc chui

gii m (b lc tng hp) v khi quyt nh l ging nhau cho tt c ngi dng. M

hnh b pht v b thu h thng Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn Mary c miu t trn Hnh 3.9:

Hnh 3.9 M hnh b pht v thu h thng Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn M-ary Ti b pht, mt trong s M chui m thng tin (n) c chn ty thuc vo k t d liu M-ary. Chui m ny s c nhn vi chui m c trng cho ngi dng v mt h s bin , php nhn gia hai chui m c thc hin theo kiu chip-

nhn-chip. Chui kt qu c iu ch v truyn ra ngoi knh truyn. Ti b thu, tn hiu thu c gii iu ch, nhn vi chui c trng cho ngi dng v c a qua b gii m l mt bng cc b lc tng hp cho cc chui thng

tin

(n) vi 1 m M . Mt n v quyt nh s xc nh chui no c gi (d M hnh Multi-code CDMA tng qut

tm cc i) v cho ra k t d liu M-ary tng ng.

Hnh 3.10 M hnh Multi-code CDMA tng qut Nh ta c th thy cc phn trc, mt h thng DS-CDMA gn cho mi ngi dng mt m tri ph, cc h thng Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn song song v kiu truyn M-ary gn cho mt ngi dng mt tp gm M chui m. Trong cc h thng ny, ch mt phn hay ton b cc chui m ca ngi dng c s dng truyn tin trong mt chu k k t d liu. M hnh Multi-code CDMA tng qut ny c miu t nh hnh 3.10. ng vi m hnh Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn song song, mi ngi dng c gn M chui m, M chui m ny c s dng ng thi tri rng M lung d liu khc nhau c c sau khi chuyn i ni tip sang song song. Tuy nhin, ng vi m hnh Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn la chn (m hnh Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn M-ary l mt trng hp c bit ca m hnh ny) ch mt tp con gm M' m (M M

') l c truyn trong mt chu k k t, tp con M' m ny tng trng cho mt t m trong khng gian t m c hnh thnh do s kt hp cc kh nng c th c ca M' chui m (c tnh n cc chui m tri du). V vy, M' m c th hnh thnh nn mt khng gian t m vi W = khi d liu c th vi H = [ t m khc nhau, mi t m tng trng cho mt = W] bit, trong ( ) biu th s t hp chn n t

m phn t v [x] l s nguyn ln nht khng vt qu x . Nh vy: Khi M = M' = 1, m hnh tng qut tng ng vi m hnh h thng DS-CDMA vi tc d liu c bn l R. Khi 1 M ' M, m hnh tng qut tng ng vi m hnh h thng Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn la chn vi tc d liu l HR . Khi M = M ' > 1, m hnh tng qut tng ng vi m hnh h thng Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn song song vi tc d liu l MR. C. H thng MCMC CDMA H thng PMC-MC CDMA H thng PMC-MC-CDMA (Parallel Multicode Multicarrier CDMA) c xem nh l s kt hp ca h thng Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn song song v h thng MC-CDMA. Khi mt ngi dng cn truyn mt lung d liu c tc ln hn tc c bn M ln th h thng s chuyn lung d liu ny thnh M lung d liu con, mi lung d liu con by gi c xem nh l ca tng ngi dng ring bit. Mi lung d liu con s c a qua b m ha knh truyn, b trn v c nhn vi m tri rng c chiu di L. Mi lung d liu con sau s c iu ch a sng mang v pht ra ngoi knh truyn.

Hnh 3.11 S to tn hiu ri rc PMC-MC-CDMA Hnh 3.11 miu t s to tn hiu ri rc cho h thng PMC-MC-CDMA ng vi ngi dng k. Lung d liu k t bn, tc ca lung d liu k t k t tc c bn. n gin khi phn tch trong cc phn tip theo s khng xt n cc b m ha knh v cc b trn, ta c s rt gn s to tn hiu ri rc PMC-MCCDMA cho ngi dng k nh Hnh 3.12. Trong mi khong thi gian c m t cho k t d liu ca ngi dng tch cc k , s c k t d liu ca ngi dng k c truyn, khng mt tnh tng qut s to tn hiu PMC -MC-CDMA s k t d liu ca ngi dng k c biu din di dng vector ct: = (3.13) ca ngi dng k c tc gp ny l / vi ln tc c l khong thi gian ca mt

Hnh 3.12 S rt gn cho s to tn hiu ri rc PMC-MC-CDMA Ta c th thy s khc nhau c bn gia s to tn hiu PMC-MCCDMA v MCCDMA nm b tri ph. Trong h thng PMC-MC-CDMA, b tri ph s to ra tri rng. B tri ph s nhn vector k t d liu dng k = trong (m =1,, ) l vector ct c chiu di L = (3.14) biu din mt m tri rng m vi ma trn m tri rng ca ngi

trong tp m tri rng ca ngi dng th k . B tri ph c dng : = H thng MMC-MC-CDMA H thng MMC-MC-CDMA (M-ary Multicode MC-CDMA) l s kt hp ni tip ca h thng Multi-code CDMA kiu truyn M-ary v h thng MC-CDMA. Trong h thng ny mi ngi dng c mt m tp m { (chiu di L) c trng cho ngi dng v mt (n)|1 m M } chung cho tt c ngi dng (chiu di ca mi m trong tp (3.15)

m chung l N). [6]

Hnh 3.13 S to tn hiu ri rc MMC-MC-CDMA Hnh 3.13 miu t s to tn hiu MMC-MC-CDMA ri rc cho ngi dng k s dng s iu ch BPSK. Khi ngi dng k c tc d liu gp liu c bn (1/ ) th trong mi khong thi gian M-ary tng ng vi tp ( ) bit thng tin vo mt trong s ( ) ln tc d khi chn lc s nh x mt k t m ca tp m chung, , v vy s thay i tc ca tp m thng tin. cho ngi

m ny c gi l tp m thng tin cho ngi dng k. Chiu di N ca chui m

trong tp m chung l c nh vi cc gi tr khc nhau ca vo b tri ph (N/ ) nhng n lm thay i kch thc dng tch cc k, gi s k t M-ary dk tng ng vi khong thi gian ny c nh x vo m i qua b tri ph. Vi mi bit

k t d liu khng lm thay i chiu di N ca chui m hay tc ca lung bit i Khng mt tnh tng qut ta s kho st trong mt khong thi gian ( (n), N bit ca m

) bit thng tin trong (n) sau s ln lt

(bit th n ca m

; n =1, 2, ..., N) i vo b tri

ph th ti ng ra b tri ph ta c mt chui c chiu di L

= Chui L gi tr phc ni tip

(3.16) qua b chuyn i S/P chuyn thnh L gi tr

song song i vo khi OFDM. Ng ra khi OFDM s c a qua khi D/A, chuyn ln tn s sng mang cao tn v pht ra ngoi knh truyn.

Kt lun chng 3: Qua nhng cng ngh c s dng cng cc yu cu then cht t c nh nu chng 3, ta nhn thy LTE Advanced chnh thc l mt chun ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th t. Vi kh nng truyn ti cao s dng bng tn ln n p ng c phn no nhu cu ca con ngi v cc ng dng ca thng tin di ng. Vic p dng cng ngh LTE Advanced l tt yu v cp bch ca cc nh khai thc vin thng.

Chng IV: TNH HNH CUNG CP DCH V V TUYN NG RNG TI VIT NAM .

4.1.

Tnh hnh trin khai LTE Advanced trn th gii Thng 3 nm 2011, nh khai thc mng vin thng ca Nht l NTT Docomo

thc hin th nghim cc cng ngh chnh ca LTE-Advanced. Docomo thc hin th nghim lin quan n kt hp bng tn, s dng 5 knh 20MHz cho ng xung v 2 knh 20MHz cho ng ln. Thm na, th nghim cng bao gm c vic s dng cng ngh a anten u vo v u ra cho c ng xung v ng ln. Th nghim m phng ny ca NTT Docomo t c kt qu tc 1Gbps cho ng xung vi vic s dng 4 ngten ti trm gc v 2 ngten trn mi thit b di ng (s dng 2 thit b di ng) v 200Mbps cho ng ln vi vic s dng 2 anten pht v 2 anten thu kt hp vi kt hp sng mang. Thng 6 nm 2010, Alcatel-Lucent thc hin th nghim cng ngh truyn dn a im phi hp ca LTE-Advanced. Mc ch ca cuc th nghim l nhm m rng hiu qu ph tn bin . Tn hiu ng ln t mt ngui s dng c nhn bi nhiu . S kt hp nht qun ca cc tn hiu ng ln c tp trung mt n v trung

tm, gi l Nt B pht trin LTE x l trung tm. Thng tin gia cc trm c trao i thng qua giao din X2. Cho n cui nm 2012 trn th gii c 110 nh cung cp dch v LTE trn 50 quc gia trn th gii. V ti thng 10-2013 trn th gii c tng s 298 nh cung cp cam kt trin khai mng LTE trn 131 quc gia. - TeliaSonera l nh mng u tin thng mi ha LTE vo nm 2010, sau Telstra (c) l trin khai LTE rng ri u tin trn th gii vo cui nm 2011 ti c. Song song , Ericsson l nh sn xut thit b u tin pht trin cc h tng phc v h thng mng LTE. - Ericsson v Alcatel-Lucent l cc i tc cung cp c s h tng LTE, NodeB cho cc nh mng chim th phn ln th trng M nh: Verizon Wireless, AT&T t 2010 n nay. - NTT DoCoMo l nh khai thc di ng u tin ca Nht Bn bt u a ra cc dch v LTE t nm 2010. Hin nay Ericsson cng l hng cung cp c s h tng LTE cho nh mng NTT DoCoMo. - Nh mng vi s thu bao ln nht th gii nh China Mobile (Trung Quc) v Bharti Airtel (n ) kin kt thnh lp nhm pht trin chun LTE gi tt l GTI. Huawei l nh cung cp chnh c s h tng LTE cho nhm pht trin ny. Tnh n nay, TeliaSonera ch mi c hn 5000 ngi thu bao dch v LTE vi gn 900 eNodeB trin khai Thy in. Verizon USA ng u trong bng xp hng cc nh mng c nhiu thu bao LTE nht, vi 3,1 triu thu bao vhn 100 nghn eNodeB trin khai ti M vmt s quc gia khc. NTT DoCoMo Nht Bn vi hn 388 ngn thu bao vi 10 nghn eNodeB. Chu u, nh mng c nhiu thu bao LTE nht l Vodafone D2 c vi 52 ngn thu bao vi 8 nghn eNodeB.

4.2. Tnh hnh pht trin mng 3G ti v kh nng trin khai LTE Advanced Vit Nam Nn tng cho s pht trin cc h thng 2G/3G ln 4G l s pht trin cc mng li ca h thng thng tin di ng ti cc nh khai thc mng Vit Nam. Hu ht cc nh khai thc mng ln Vit Nam nh VinaPhone, MobiFone, Viettel ang dn dn pht trin thnh phn mng li ca mnh tr thnh nhng mng hon ton dng IP. Hin nay giao thc IP c s dng n tn trm pht sng, Node B c cu hnh hon ton IP (all IPnetwork). Hnh 4.1 m t mt kt ni hon ton IP thuc mng li ca mt h thng mng di ng.

Hnh 4.1 Kt ni mng li cho tng i MSS/TSS mng VinaPhone Tuy nhin cc mng di ng ti Vit Nam pht trin ln 4G, c bit l LTEAdvanced th cn phi c mt chng ng thay i v pht trin rt di. Hin ti c hai con ng pht trin ln h thng di ng 4G, th nht l pht trin h thng thng tin di ng 3G/HSPA+ hin ti ln mng LTE pht hnh 8 v 9, vi t cch l h thng tim

cn 4G nhng cng c nhng pht trin rt ln v tc d liu cao. Mng LTE ang ha hn m ra mt c hi tng lu lng thng qua cc ng dng di ng mi.Theo k vng th LTE s t tc trung bnh t 50-100Mb/s. y l mt s gia tng ng k so vi cc h thng 2G/3G v xa hn na l gip tng cng dung lng truyn ti vi gi thnh thp hn t tng hiu qu truyn ti. Hng pht trin th hai l tin thng ln h thng 4G LTE-Advanced b qua qu trnh pht trin ln LTE pht hnh 8 v 9 vi nhng s thay i ng k c v thit b ln cng ngh. H tng mng vin thng ti Vit Nam hin nay khng ngng c pht trin, thay i c cng ngh ln m hnh kin trc. Hnh xxx: Tng s NodeB cc doanh nghip trin khai:

Hnh xxx: Vng ph sng 3G

B Thng tin v Truyn thng ng cho 5 doanh nghip gm VNPT, Viettel, FPT Telecom, CMC v VTC c th nghim mng di ng 4G/LTE. Hin B

TT&TT quy hoch bng tn 2.3 GHz v 2.6 GHz cho v tuyn bng rng v ang trnh Th tng Chnh ph cp php bng tn ny thng qua u gi sau nm 2015. VNPT s c VDC trin khai vi 15 trm eNodeB ti H Ni, bn knh ph sng mi trm khong 1km. Viettel bt u th nghim mng LTE vi 40 eNodeB pht ti 2 qun ng a v Ba nh H Ni, v 40 eNodeB ti qun Tn Bnh v Tn Ph thnh ph H Ch Minh. i vi cc doanh nghip nh FPT, CMC ,VTC vic th nghim cn nhiu hn ch, mi trin khai th nghim cho cc site inbuilding.

Chng V: NGHIN CU XUT PHNG N TRIN KHAI MNG 4G LTE-A CHO VINAPHONE TI KHU VC H NI. 5.1 Tnh hnh trin hai mng 3G Vinaphone. Ngy 11/08/2009, Vinaphone chnh thc nhn giy php thit lp mng v cung cp dch v vin thng di ng mt t IMT 2000 trong bng tn 1900-2200 Mhz. Sau hn 3 nm trin khai pht trin h tng mng 3G, n ht nm 2013 mng Vinaphone pht trin nhanh chng vi trn 32000 trm thu pht sng 2G (BTS) v 10548 trm pht sng 3G (NodeB). Mng 3G ca Vinaphone s dng cng ngh WCDMA/HSPA tn s 2100 Mhz, cho php trin khai dch v 3G di ng bng rng, cung cp cho khc hng tc truy cp ln n 14,4 Mbps. Cc dch v c bn ti thi im khai trng, bao gm: Video Call, Mobile Internet, Mobile TV, Mobile Camera v Mobile Broadband vi nhiu gi cc khc nhau, ngoi ra mng Vinaphone c khong trn 40 dch v gi tr gia tng khc cho 3G v lin tc c B TT-TT, khch hng nh gi l mt trong cc mng c s lng v cht lng cc dch v 3G tt nht.

Hin nay vinaphone trin khai HSDPA trn nn kin trc 3G tun theo chun 3GPP Release 5 v vi h thng h tn mng trin khai Vinaphone cung cp dch v HSDPA tc 7,2 Mbps v ang nng cp ln 14,4 Mbps. trin khai HSDPA, Vinaphone ch cn nng cp phn mm trn phn cng h tr sn ti phn mng UTRAN l RNC v NoceB c th s dng cc k thut iu ch v m ha kt hp vi cc phng thc iu khin knh truyn, lp biu cung cp dch v tc cao ng xung. Di y l hnh topo phn mng l i v v tuyn Vinaphone n cui nm 2013:

Topo phn v tuyn ca Vinaphone: H thng Single Ran hu vc 1 ca VNP:

H thng Single Ran hu vc 1 ca VNP ( hu vc H Ni):

H thng Single Ran hu vc 3 ca VNP

H thng Single Ran hu vc 2 ca VNP

Topo mng v tuyn 3G:

Topo h thng 2G:

5.2 xut phng n trin hai mng 4G LTE-A cho mng Vinaphone hu vc H Ni. a. Mng 3G Vinaphone hu vc H Ni. Hin ti mng Vinaphone khu vc H Ni c trin khai h thng v tuyn SingleRan (h thng thit b kt hp gia 2G v 3G ca Huawei) vi tng s 1716 BTS v 1641 NodeB. Mng v tuyn Vinaphone khu vc H Ni hin ti ang s dng 11 MBSC kt ni ti 2 tng i ca Ericsson MSSE1C v MSSE1D.

Di y l s kt ni phn v tuyn SingleRan khu vc H Ni:

t ni 2 MSSE1C v 1D:
Cc RNC HNI (t 1150->1162) (MiP)

STP1A STP1B STPT1A STPT1B TSSH1B

4SIGTRAN

MGW1C1

MGW1C2

MGW1D1

MGW1D2

8000 + 8000 BICC/ 2 +2 SIG MSSE1A 8000 +8000 BICC/ 2+2 SIG

4 SIGTRAN 1+1 STM1 / 1+1 SIG

MSSE1B

MSN1A 2HSL/2 SIGTRAN

2HSL/2 SIGTRAN

MSSE1 C

8000 BICC/ 2SIG

MSSE1 D

124 E1 TSSH1B2 8000+8000 BICC/ 2+2 SIG TSS1A1 10000 BICC TSSH1B1

POOL HN
2 SIGTRAN/4 HSL

MGW1C1

MGW1C2

MGW1D1

MGW1D2

BS158H BS159H BS801H BS802H BS803H

RNC801H RNC802H RNC803H

BS155H BS156H BS157H BS162H BS161H(MiP)

BS153H BS154H BSC160H B136M B108M BSC 50 VMS BS161H (MiP)

RNC1004M RNC VMS

B150H B152H B632A B634A

B151H B631A B633A B635A

Kt ni TSS1A:
STPT1A STPT1B
MSC1CN MSC1D MSC1G MSC1H
75E1/02C7 45E1/04C7

RBT_4784

STP1A

STP1B

96E1/04C7

10C7

STPVTN

130E1/1HSL-08C7

02SCTP +02HSL

02SCTP +02HSL

02SCTP +01HSL

02SCTP+04HSL

02E1/01C7

CMC_10

117E1/08C7

01E1/01C7

GTEL_1903 VNM_1451
(HTC)

MSC1I

129E1/08C7

09E1/01C7

MSSE1A

7008BICC/02SCTP

MSSE1B

7008BICC/02SCTP

60E1/02C7

NGN_4009

4096BICC/02SCTP +

1STM1/04C7

TDCGY_4521

MSN1A

01STM1/01HSL

TSS1A
MSSE1C
8000BICC/04SCTP MSCS-4668/MGw-4669 1STM1/02C7

ToLL3_4008 VITEL_1010
(FIX VTL)

MSSE1D TSC1B

8000BICC/04SCTP

10E1/02C7

130E1/01HSL

01STM1/04C7

VMS_4604 (VMSHW 4206) VIETTEL_1003

4600BICC/01SCTP +

TSSH1B
130E1/08C7 7008BICC/02SCTP

02STM1/08C7

TSSE2A TSSE2B

02STM1/08C7

VIETTEL_1025

7008BICC/02SCTP 19995 BICC/1SIG

RBT_4405

MSSE3A

63989BICC/04SCTP 1HSL 24000BICC/ 04 SCTP

SGSN1B

MSSE3B

Kt ni TSSH1B:

01E1/01C7

HTC
IMS_VTN_4031

STP1A

STP1B

STP_V TL

STPT1 A

STPT1 B

MSC1CN MSC1D MSC1G MSC1H MSC1I MSSE1A MSSE1B MSN1A MSSE1C MSSE1D TSC1B TSSE1A

02STM1/08C7+ 02STM1/04C7 02STM1/08C7

01STM1/03C7 12E1

NGN_4003 NGN_4009 S-FONE 1249 SPT_177 TDCGY TDDTH TOLL_4008 VDC_8398

VIETTEL_1001 VIETTEL_1003 VIETTEL_1025 VIETTEL_1088 VIETTEL_1202 VIETTEL_1213 VIETTEL_1222

02SCTP +02HSL

02SCTP +02HSL

04SCTP +02HSL

04SCTP+02HSL

02STM1/08C7 + 01STM1/02C7 90E1/08C7 + 01STM1/04C7 93E1/06C7

01STM1/02C7

01HSL

12E1/02C7 04E1 64E1/01C7

4064BICC/01SCTP + 101E1/04C7 7040BICC/01SCTP+ 01STM1/04C7 4075BICC/02SCTP + 02STM1/01HSL 10240BICC/02SCTP+ 119E1/02HSL 10001BICC/02SCTP+ 123E1/02HSL

38E1/01C7 01STM1/04C7

TSSH1B
MSCS-4782/MGw-4783 (Tng i Huawei, Tng 5, M nh)

04E1 120E1

02STM1 02STM1/08C7

07E1/04C7

15E1/02C7

02E1/08C7

27E1/08C7

14E1/02C7

01E1/01C7

04E1/02C7

04E1/02C7

06E1/02C7

01E1/01C7

07E1/02C7

0602C7E1/ 02C7

08E1/02C7

08E1/02C7

05E1/16C7

01STM1/04C7

02STM1 02STM1/08C7 02STM1/08C7

02STM1/ 04C7

4601BICC/01SCTP + 02STM1/08C7

HICHAT_4 298

ICHAT_42 99

FUNTALK

SDP_TECH

IVR_COMV _NEW

RINGTUNE

CRBT_N ATB

VOICESUB _4296

CCS_TE ST

MCA_4321

VOICE_SU BS

CHACHA - MUSIC

MCA_4785

TSSH2C MSC3C MSSE3A MSSE3B

5000BICC/02SCTP + 90E1/04HSL 125E1/01HSL

EZPAY

MAGICCALL

IPCC

02STM1/08C7 02STM1/01HSL + 02STM1/01C7 01STM1/04C7

VMS_4603 VMS_4604

10240BICC/02SCTP + 01STM1/04C7

5000BICC/02SCTP + 01STM1

Kt ni TSC1B:
02E1/01C7 A23_1510 05E1/01C7 FPTT_1706

STPT1A

STPT1B

STP1A

STP1B

VIETTEL_G3VTE L_1088 VIETTEL_G3VTL _1003 VIETTEL_GVTE L_1025 VIETTEL_VTEL4 _1213

130E1/08C7

01STM1 90E1/02C7 99E1/01HSL +

MSS1C

MSC1I 132E1/04C7 108E1/16C7

01HSL

01HSL

02HSL

01HSL

130E1/08C7

MSC1CN

01STM1/01C7 118E1/09C7 MSC1D

GTEL_1931

12E1/01C7 123E1/01HSL MSC1G

VNM_1454 (GWHTC)

4E1/03C7 SCP1E_4347 SMSCV1_4348 VMSGW_4612 129E1/08C7 MSC1H

HTCIP_1400

02E1 101E1

05C7

08C7

MSSE1A

1E1

TOLL3_4008

01STM1/02C7

TSC1B(4359)
01STM1 MSSE1B

VITEL_1010

25E1/01C7

16C7

1E1

04C7

VMS_4604_VMS _NPS VMS_4603_VMS MSCS

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b. xut phng n trin hai mng 4G LTE-A cho mng Vinaphone hu vc H Ni. trin khai mng 4G khu vc H Ni ta la chn phng n tin thng ln h thng 4G LTE-Advanced b qua qu trnh pht trin ln LTE pht hnh 8 v 9. Hin ti khu vc H Ni chng ta ang s dng 2 tng i MSS ca Ericsson:

LTE c thit k h tr cho cc dch v chuyn mch gi, hng n cung cp cc kt ni IP gia cc UE (User Equipment) v PDN (Packet Data Network). Phng php chuyn mch gi cho php h tr tt c cc dch v bao gm c thoi thng qua cc kt ni gi. Kt qu l trong mt kin trc phng hn, rt n gin ch vi

2 loi nt c th l nt B pht trin (eNode B) v thc th qun l di ng/cng (MME/GW - (Mobility Management Entity/Gateway). iu ny hon ton tri ngc vi nhiu nt mng trong kin trc mng phn cp hin hnh ca h thng 3G

Hnh xxx: Kin trc cho h thng mng ch c E-UTRAN. Hnh xxx miu t kin trc v cc thnh phn mng trong cu hnh kin trc tng qut mng 4G LTE/SAE c s vi ch mng truy nhp EUTRAN. Hnh ny cng cho thy s phn chia kin trc thnh bn vng chnh: thit b ngi dng (UE) ; UTRAN pht trin (E-UTRAN); mng li gi pht trin (EPC); v cc vng dch v. Mng l i LTE: Mng l i chu trch nhim iu hin tng th UE v thit lp cc nh mang. Cc nt logic chnh ca mng li l:

Thc th qun l di ng (MME) Cng phc v (S-GW) Cng mng s liu gi (P-SW) + Thc th qun l tnh di ng (MME): Thc th qun l tnh di ng

(MME) l thnh phn iu khin chnh trong EPC. Cc chc nng chnh ca MME: - An ninh v nhn thc - Qun l di ng - Qun l h s thu bao v kt ni dch v + Cng phc v (S-GW): EPC kt cui ti nt ny, v n c kt ni n E-UTRAN thng qua giao din S1-U. Mi UE c lin kt ti mt S-GW duy nht. SGW chnh l im neo cho c chuyn giao gia cc lin nt B pht trin ni vng v tnh di ng gia cc mng 3GPP, v n thc hin chc nng nh tuyn v chuyn tip cc gi tin. + Cng mng s liu gi (P-SW): Nt ny cho php UE truy nhp n mng d liu gi (PDN) bng cch gn a ch IP t mng PDN vo UE, cung cp kh nng kt ni bo mt gia cc UE c kt ni t mt mng truy nhp khng tin cy, khng phi ca 3GPP ti EPC bng cch s dng cc ng hm IPSec. + Chc nng chnh sch v tnh cc ti nguyn (PCRF): l mt phn t mng chu trch nhim cho vic iu khin chnh sch v tnh cc (PCC: Plolicy and Charging Control). + Server thu bao nh (HSS): L mt b lu gi s liu thu bao cho tt c s liu c nh ca ngi s dng. HSS lu bn sao chnh ca h s thu bao cha thng tin v cc dch v p dng cho ngi s dng bao gm c thng tin v cc kt ni PDN c php v c c php chuyn n mt mng khc no hay khng. Phn li chnh ca kin trc E-UTRAN l Nt B pht trin (eNodeB), cung cp giao din v tuyn vi mt phng ngi s dng v mt phng iu khin kt cui hng n UE. Giao din kt ni cc eNodeB vi nhau c gi l giao din X2. Ngoi ra, 3GPP cng xem xt n cc nt chuyn tip (relay) v cch thc chuyn tip

phc tp cho vic m rng hiu nng mng. Mc tiu ca cng ngh mi ny l tng vng ph, tc d liu cao hn v hiu nng QoS tt hn v cng bng hn i vi cc ngi s dng khc nhau. Mng truy nhp ca 4G LTE, E-UTRAN, ch c cc eNodeB. V th kin trc E-UTRAN c gi l phng.

Hnh xxx: Kin trc E-UTRAN ca LTE-Advanced Mng truy nhp v tuyn LTE-Advanced s dng mt kin trc phng, hon ton IP, vi ch mt loi nt l Nt B pht trin (eNodeB). Nt B pht trin chu trch nhim cho tt c cc chc nng lin quan n phn v tuyn trong mt hoc nhiu (cells). Mt nhim v c bn ca Nt B pht trin l to ra min c 3 vng (3 sector). Nt B pht trin kt ni n mng EPC thng qua giao din S1, c bit hn l kt ni n SGW thng qua giao din S1-u (phn giao din S1 cho ngi s dng), v kt ni n MME thng qua giao din S1-c (giao din S1 mt phng iu khin). Mt Nt B pht trin c th c kt ni n hiu MME/S-GW cho mc ch chia ti v d phng. (Cha ra c phng n trin khai LTE-A cho khu vc H Ni)

KT LUN