Cruz, R. - Adaptive and Scalable Video Streaming in P2P

Adaptive and Scalable Video Streaming in Peer-to-Peer
Public presentation of the research work
Rui Santos Cruz

rui.s.cruz@ist.utl.pt Supervisors: Doctor M ario Seram dos Santos Nunes Doctor Artur Miguel do Amaral Ars enio Members of the Committee: Doctor Nuno Filipe Valentim Roma Doctor Susana Isabel Barreto de Miranda Sargento
Department of Computer Science and Engineering Instituto Superior T ecnico Lisboa, Portugal
February 2012
Outline
Research Objectives Contributions P2P Streaming Quality-driven Streaming Scalable Streaming Work Done System Architecture P2P Streaming Protocols Scalable Streaming Quality-driven Adaptation Future Work Finalize Prototype Testing and Evaluation Finalize Thesis Document Publications (update) Journals & Conferences Books IETF Standardization EU Projects Deliverables
Adaptive and Scalable Video Streaming in Peer-to-Peer Rui Santos Cruz Research Objectives Contributions
P2P Streaming Quality-driven Streaming Scalable Streaming
Work Done
System Architecture P2P Streaming Protocols Scalable Streaming Quality-driven Adaptation
Future Work
Finalize Prototype Testing and Evaluation Finalize Thesis Document
Publications (update)
Journals & Conferences Books IETF Standardization EU Projects Deliverables
Contact Information
Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Instituto Superior T ecnico Lisboa, Portugal
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Research Objectives
Thesis Objective
Adaptive and Scalable Video Streaming in Peer-to-Peer Rui Santos Cruz
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Research Objectives Contributions

P2P Streaming Quality-driven Streaming
The design and development of a scalable video streaming architecture over peer-to-peer overlay networks, with end-to-end quality monitoring.
Scalable Streaming
Work Done
Future Work
Contact Information
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Research Objectives
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A special emphasis is made on the association of technical and non technical aspects related to users perception on the quality and usability of the services and the system: The design includes client-side and serving-side components, Development of a set of P2P protocols to support live and time-shifted multimedia streaming, Application of P2P cooperation incentive schemes, Quality-awareness and adaptation mechanisms, Experimental scenarios in lab and in real-world use cases. A methodology for automatically evaluate the perceived quality at the client side, Evaluation in stable and dynamic environments of the scalability and fault-tolerance of the solution.

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Contributions
Adaptive and Scalable Video Streaming in Peer-to-Peer Rui Santos Cruz Research Objectives
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Contributions
Work Done
Future Work
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Expected Contributions
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Contributions
The major contributions of the thesis concern the following topics: A web-based multi-source multimedia streaming solution using a P2P approach; A quality-driven multimedia distribution network; A content-aware, collaborative, Adaptive and Scalable Video streaming technique.
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A web-based P2P multimedia streaming solution
7 P2P Streaming Quality-driven Streaming Scalable Streaming
Open P2P Streaming Protocols (tracker and peer) addressing xed and mobile/wireless converged networks; Tracker and Peer protocols loosely coupled allowing hybrid CDN-P2P delivery; P2P Protocols supporting both On-demand and Live streaming;
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A quality-driven multimedia distribution network
Solution that enables versatile multimedia content representations (multi-bitrate, scalable) Solution that enables resources sharing (memory, storage and bandwidth) and saving, for the same content in both terminal and network sides; Open infrastructure for low-cost unied streaming delivery using P2P techniques; Quality-awareness techniques and tools to automatically evaluate perceived quality at the client side;
Contributions
P2P Streaming 8 Quality-driven Streaming Scalable Streaming
Work Done
Future Work
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A content-aware, collaborative, Adaptive and Scalable streaming technique
A Content-awareness streaming technique enabling decoupled, terminal centric, continuous adaptation to maximize the experienced quality; A streaming technique that allows both provider and user generated contents in collaborative social environments; Support for single quality, multi-representation quality and scalable quality:
AVC - Advanced Video Coding (sigle, multi-bitrate) MDC - Multiple Description Coding; SVC - Scalable Video Coding; MVC - Multi-view Coding (3D stereoscopic);

P2P Streaming Quality-driven Streaming 9 Scalable Streaming
Work Done
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Work Done
P2P Streaming Quality-driven Streaming Scalable Streaming 10
Work Done
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Work Done
System Architecture
The System Architecture prototype was designed to support multiple device types and resolutions and adaptive streaming mechanisms, with the following main functional requirements: Video play-out over HTTP: Support for on-demand and Live video streaming; Video play-out over P2P: Support for on-demand and Live video streaming; Support for H.264/AVC/SVC/MDC/MVC: Support for video streaming of contents encoded in variants of H.264/AVC; Adaptive Video: Support for Adaptive Video in contents encoded in H.264/AVC/SVC; Terminal independency: Support several device types regardless of the machine performance or screen resolution or size; Access Network independency: The solution should be able to provide services to Clients connected over LAN, WLAN, WAN and WWAN access network technologies.
Work Done
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Future Work
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Work Done
System Architecture
The P2P distribution network architecture considers end-user nodes (Terminals) and Serving Platforms: End-user nodes are distributed Peers (with P2P capabilities) that produce, consume and share contents; Serving Platforms are centralized service nodes providing:
Control (Tracker); Content treatment and distribution (transcoders and Media Servers); Publishing and searching features; Social Networking interaction tools and facilities;
Scalable Streaming
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Work Done
System Architecture
The Platform provides services to multiple terminal types over heterogeneous networks (Fixed, Mobile, Wireless).
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Work Done
System Architecture
Main block components of the Platform architecture: User and Content information, Resource Management, Media Management, Distribution Network, Monitoring.
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Work Done
Future Work
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Contact Information
Work Done
System Architecture
The Client consists of a media streaming player with session control and media control functions, and a P2P Engine. The media player is decoupled from the P2P Engine, allowing streaming of contents in client-server mode or P2P mode. A QoS monitoring module allows to react to network conditions, in real-time, by setting the adequate attributes for maximizing the QoE, not requiring QoS support from Network Elements;
Work Done
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Work Done
System Architecture
The P2P functional entities are Trackers and Peers:

The Tracker maintains the lists of active peers storing and exchanging contents; Peers are realized as a local P2P Proxy (system service) with a PPSP Engine; The PPSP Engine behaves as both a client and a server in the P2P network; For the Client, the P2P Proxy behaves as a (local) web-streaming server.
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Work Done
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Work Done
System Architecture
The Client media player requests content chunks via HTTP GET request messages with resource value containing the base URL of the content.
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Work Done
P2P Streaming Protocols
The P2P Streaming Protocol (PPSP) is composed of loosely coupled Tracker and Peer signaling protocols.
Work Done
System Architecture 18 P2P Streaming Protocols Scalable Streaming Quality-driven Adaptation
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Work Done
The design of the PPSP Tracker Protocol, as well as the PPSP Peer Protocol aims to standardize and facilitate hybrid CDN-P2P media content delivery.
Work Done
Future Work
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Work Done
To join a P2P streaming service and participate in content sharing, any Peer must obtain a Peer-ID and locate a Tracker (dened in the Media Presentation Description of the content).
Work Done
Future Work
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Work Done
For the Tracker, each Peer is modeled with a Transaction State Machine, instantiated per Peer-ID.
Work Done
Future Work
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Work Done
The Peer-to-peer Streaming Protocol (PPSP) working group of IETF was formed and chartered to dene protocols and architectures for real-time content distribution. The P2P Streaming Protocols designed in this thesis work and in the scope of the SARACEN Project were proposed as Internet-Drafts; An evolved version of the initially proposed Tracker Protocol is currently on the track to be adopted as PPSP Working Group draft; From the contributions of the evolved version of the initial proposed Peer protocol, the working group has invited us to participate as co-author of the Peer Protocol Working Group draft; The evolved versions of the Tracker and Peer protocols resulted from a joint eort (and design merger) with partners from industry: Huawei, China Mobile and Polycom.
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Work Done
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Work Done
Scalable Streaming
The designed streaming technique is chunk-based (clients obtain media chunks from serving peers and handle the play-out buer during the download of the chunks). The main components of the system are: The Partition system: to split the media les in chunks (segments). The Adaptation System: to request the media with maximum possible quality. The Reassembler System: to rebuild the media from the received chunks. The Media Player that plays-out the media.

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System Architecture P2P Streaming Protocols 23 Scalable Streaming Quality-driven Adaptation
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Work Done
Scalable Streaming
The segmentation technique supports encoded video using adaptive or scalable techniques with the following representations: 1. Adaptive - alternate representations with dierent qualities and bitrates; a single representation is non-adaptive; 2. Scalable description levels - multiple additive descriptions (addition of descriptions rene the quality of the video); 3. Scalable layered levels - nested dependent layers corresponding to several hierarchical levels of quality (higher enhancement layers rene the quality of the video). 4. Scalable multiple views - views correspond to mono (2D) and stereoscopic (3D) videos, with several hierarchical levels of quality.
Rui Santos Cruz Research Objectives Contributions

Work Done
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Work Done
Scalable Streaming
A full cycle of the streaming technique, illustrated for the case of Scalable Video Coding and P2P distribution.
Work Done
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Work Done
Quality-driven Adaptation
A QoS-aware Streaming Adaptation of the media stream is based on cross-layer optimization techniques at dierent levels, including application content, network characteristics and terminal characteristics.
Work Done
System Architecture P2P Streaming Protocols Scalable Streaming 26 Quality-driven Adaptation
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Work Done
A Prioritized Sliding Window (PSW) scheme for layered media (SVC), addresses the issues of bandwidth, terminal and computational adaptation to a stable perceived video quality. A comparison is made with a download via BitTorrent or a sequential download:
Work Done
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Work Done
For the perceived quality of the received media after compression and transmission, the PSNR equivalent score was analyzed. At the instant t = 120, the system detects the variation in networks conditions and automatically adapts the number of layers to be requested to the available bandwidth.
Work Done
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Work Done
After the instant t = 120 the system uses the full available bandwidth, and still manages to download up to layer level 5. The RTT rises dramatically due to the congestion situation. The image quality suers a noticeable degradation with the higher layers dropping. However, the video image remains with a stable (PSNR > 25dB ) quality level.
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Future Work
Work Done
System Architecture P2P Streaming Protocols Scalable Streaming Quality-driven Adaptation 30
Future Work
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Future Work
Finalize Prototype
Enhancement of the specication of P2P Streaming signaling and transport protocols - work developed for both SARACEN Project and the IETF PPSP Working Group; Build nal specication of the prototype components; Design and specication of the video quality control and assessment mechanisms; Development of complementary components of the prototype, such as quality assessment interface, additional scheduling rules, peer policies, statistics and measurements, and content integrity verication mechanisms.
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Contributions
Work Done
Future Work
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Future Work
Testing and Evaluation
Experiments to measure the impact of heterogeneous bandwidth, peer cooperation and seeding strategies on the performance of the system; Experiments in lab (controlled environment) for reference; Experiments in real-world use cases (scenarios and trials dened in the SARACEN Project), allowing to evaluate:
Neighbor management, chunk distribution, chunk picking; Eects of heterogeneous networks and bandwidth; Performance under stable and dynamic environment; Delivery latency and impact of media buer size (player); Perceived video quality; Health of content replication;

Work Done
Future Work
Finalize Prototype 32 Testing and Evaluation Finalize Thesis Document
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Future Work
Testing and Evaluation
Test and Trial Scenario architecture (SARACEN Platform)
Work Done
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Finalize Prototype 33 Testing and Evaluation Finalize Thesis Document
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Future Work
Finalize Thesis Document
Complete the specication of the Integrated Platform for P2P multimedia distribution (as part of deliverable D7.2 of SARACEN Project); Complete the PhD thesis document;
Timeline 2009. 2009. 2010. 2011.JAN 2011.JAN 2011.APR 2011.AUG 2011.OCT 2011.JAN 2012.JAN 2012.MAR 2011.MAR 2012.APR 2012.JUL 2012.XXX Work State of the Art research Study: QoS adaptation and media streaming Study: Streaming Arch., Video coding, QoE Design of System architecture Initial draft of P2P protocols System Prototype components development Finalize specs. of System Architecture Enhanced drafts of P2P protocols (IETF) Design and specs. of quality mechanisms Complem. Prototype components development Testing and evaluation of the solution New Enhanced drafts of P2P protocols (IETF) Thesis document drafting and writing Thesis document nalized and delivered Thesis defense Progress completed completed completed completed completed ongoing completed completed ongoing ongoing
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Finalize Prototype Testing and Evaluation 34 Finalize Thesis Document
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Work Done
Future Work
Finalize Prototype Testing and Evaluation Finalize Thesis Document 35
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Journals & Conferences
P2P Streaming
A. P. In acio, R. S. Cruz, and M. S. Nunes, Quality User Experience in Advanced IP Video Services, Annals of Telecommunications, Under Review. F. Daoust, P. Hoschka, C. Z. Patrikakis, R. S. Cruz, M. S. Nunes, and D. S. Osborne, HTML5: V deo na Internet, RTI oes, Dec. 2011. - Redes, Telecom e Instalac
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Quality-driven Streaming Scalable Streaming
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Books
J. Monteiro, R. S. Cruz, C. Calafate, M. S. Nunes, C. Z. Patrikakis, and N. Papaoulakis, Multimedia Networking and Coding: From Capture to Display, ch. Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming. IGI Global, 2012.
Scalable Streaming
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Future Work
Journals & Conferences 37 Books IETF Standardization EU Projects Deliverables
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IETF Standardization
New drafts resulting from a merger, joining industry partners: Huawei, China Mobile and Polycom. The Tracker Protocol draft proposal is being revised to be adopted as IETF PPSP Working Group draft in the 83rd IETF meeting, in Paris (March 25-30, 2012). R. S. Cruz, M. S. Nunes, Y. Gu, J. Xia, D. A. Bryan, J. P. Taveira, and D. Lingli, PPSP Tracker Protocol, Internet-Draft draft-gu-ppsp-tracker-protocol-06, IETF, Oct. 2011. Work in progress. Y. Gu, J. Xia, R. S. Cruz, M. S. Nunes, D. A. Bryan, and J. P. Taveira, Peer Protocol, Internet-Draft draft-gu-ppsp-peer-protocol-03, IETF, Oct. 2011. Work in progress.
Rui Santos Cruz Research Objectives Contributions

Work Done
Future Work
Journals & Conferences Books 38 IETF Standardization EU Projects Deliverables
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EU Projects Deliverables
My e-Director2012, D7.2 - Integration and Lab Trials, Apr. 2010. My e-Director2012, D7.4 - Technology Evaluation Report, Jul. 2010. SARACEN, D2.1 - User Requirements, Jun. 2011. SARACEN, D2.2 - System Architecture and Specications, May. 2011. SARACEN, D4.2 - Evaluation of Adaptive and QoS-aware Scalable Coded Streaming Mechanisms, Apr. 2012. Work in progress. SARACEN, D4.3 - Resilience Mechanisms for Supporting QoS, Apr. 2012. Work in progress. SARACEN, D6.1 - Evaluation on P2P Architectures and Protocols for Real-time Media Streaming, Aug. 2011. SARACEN, D6.2 - Incentive-based Model for Real-time Media Streaming over a P2P Architecture, Oct. 2011.
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Work Done
Future Work
SARACEN, D6.3 - Media Distribution Mechanism Monitoring and Management, Aug. 2011.
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Contact Information
Questions?
Rui Santos Cruz
rui.s.cruz@ist.utl.pt Supervisors: Doctor M ario Seram dos Santos Nunes Doctor Artur Miguel do Amaral Ars enio Members of the Committee: Doctor Nuno Filipe Valentim Roma Doctor Susana Isabel Barreto de Miranda Sargento
Work Done
Future Work
Journals & Conferences Books IETF Standardization EU Projects Deliverables 40
Contact Information
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Adaptive and Scalable Video Streaming in Peer-to-Peer

Public presentation of the research work

Rui Santos Cruz

Research Objectives Contributions

Research Objectives Contributions

Research Objectives Contributions

8)5&7-#)%"+".)9,&-".):% #&4(+.%/% 5,-)"(+.

Finalize Prototype Testing and Evaluation Finalize Thesis Document

The P2P functional entities are Trackers and Peers:

Research Objectives Contributions

Rui Santos Cruz Research Objectives Contributions

Research Objectives Contributions

Test and Trial Scenario architecture (SARACEN Platform)

Quality-driven Streaming Scalable Streaming

Rui Santos Cruz Research Objectives Contributions

P2P Streaming Quality-driven Streaming Scalable Streaming

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