:

P

. E


: 50
1

: 90764

: 11/09/2013

0. ............................................................................................................................... 2
1. ......................... 2
2. ............................ 4
2.1. .............................................................................................................................. 4
2.1. ......................................................................................................................... 5
2.2. ................................................................................................... 8
3. .................................................................................................................... 10
.......................................................................................................................... 11

1 11
50/_1/.

0.
(aerosols)
.


.
, ,
.


,
.

.

1.



.
.
,
,
( & , 2003).

(Srinivas & Sarin, 2013).
(Pb),
(Hg), (Cu), o (Sn), (Cd)
1m

2 11
50/_1/.

,
(.. ).
,

( & , 2003).
( (Pb),
(Cd) (Cu))

(Srinivas & Sarin, 2013).
,
,
( )

(Atmospheric water-soluble
organic nitrogen (WSON)) .
(, ), 2005-2006
(Atmospheric water-soluble organic
nitrogen (WSON)) 13% (Total
Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN)) ,
(fine) (coarse) (Violaki & Mihalopoulos, 2010).
, 2006,
(WSON)
.
WSON 0% 20%
. 0,81 mmol m-2 1,78 mmol m-2
, WSON 10%
11% .


(Violaki & Mihalopoulos, 2011).
3 11
50/_1/.

,
(
.. )
( (..
) ( & , 2003).

2.

2.1.

:

(SOx)

(NOx)

(CO)

(VOC, O3)

(Pb)

.

,
2,5m (PM2.5 )
.
..

( PAH)
( & , 2003).

4 11
50/_1/.

2.1.

,


.
1m,
( & , 2003).
SO2

. , ,

(SO2), ( 1),

(Geng, 2012).

1.
2010 : (U.S. Energy
Information Administration, 2011)

, ,
,
5 11
50/_1/.

, (25) ,

PM2.5.
() 22
30, ,
19.000 (Pascal, et al., 2013).
( 2).

2: 30 PM2.5
WHO-AQG (10 g/m3) : (Pascal, et al., 2013).

,
2006 (Liu, et al.,
2013).

6 11
50/_1/.

(SO2), (PM)
(x) 11 .
2x2 km (grid),
(GIS)
( 3) (Liu, et al., 2013).

3: (). : (Liu, et al., 2013).

: 1) ,
, 2)
(SO2) (x), 3)

(Liu, et al.,
2013).

7 11
50/_1/.

,
.
:

: , , .

PM2.5
(Morawska, et al., 2013).

2.2.

.
( 4).

, , , ,
.
30%

PM2.5 (UFP Ultra-Fine Particles),
. (Morawska, et al., 2013).

. C. Pope III
D. Dockery (Pope III & Dockery, 2006),

PM .

8 11
50/_1/.

4: (PM)
: (Pope III & Dockery, 2006).

( 1)
. (Wilson & Spengler,
1996),
:
1
: (Wilson & Spengler, 1996)

.
.


.

9 11
50/_1/.

3.


.


.
, ,
(Srinivas & Sarin, 2013) (Violaki & Mihalopoulos, 2010) (Violaki & Mihalopoulos,
2011), ( &
, 2003).


,
. ,
,
(<1m) (
) ( & , 2003) (Geng, 2012).


, : (Pascal, et al., 2013),
(Liu, et al., 2013), (Geng, 2012), ,
(Morawska, et al., 2013), ,
(Geng, 2012).

(Pope III & Dockery, 2006) (Wilson
& Spengler, 1996)
(Pope III &
Dockery, 2006).

10 11
50/_1/.

Geng, D., 2012. Is distant pollution contaminating local air? Analyzing the origins of
atmospheric aerosols. Journal of Purdue Undergraduate, Volume 2, p. 1621.
Liu, H.-Y.et al., 2013. Respiratory Disease in Relation to Outdoor Air Pollution in Kanpur,
India. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 68(4), pp. 204-217.
Morawska, L. et al., 2013. Indoor aerosols: From personal exposure to risk assessment.
International Journal of Indoor Environment and Health, December, 23(6), p. 462487.
Pascal, M. et al., 2013. Assessing the public health impacts of urban air pollution in 25
European cities:Results of the Aphekom project. Science of the Total Environment, April,
Volume 449, p. 390400.
Pope III, C. & Dockery, D., 2006. Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: Lines that
connect. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 56(6), pp. 709-742.
Srinivas, B. & Sarin, M., 2013. Atmospheric dry-deposition of mineral dust and
anthropogenic trace metals to the Bay of Bengal. Journal of Marine Systems, October,
Volume 126, pp. 56-68.
U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2011. Coal plants without scrubbers account for a
majority of the U.S. SO2 emissions.. [Online]
Available at: http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=4410
[Accessed 11 11 2013].
Violaki, K. & Mihalopoulos, N., 2010. Water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) in sizesegregated atmospheric particles over the Eastern Mediterranean. Atmospheric
Environment, November, 44(35), pp. 4339-4345.
Violaki, K. & Mihalopoulos, N., 2011. Urea: An important piece of Water Soluble Organic
Nitrogen (WSON) over the Eastern Mediterranean. Science of The Total Environment,
October, 409(22), pp. 4796-4801.
Wilson, R. & Spengler, J., 1996. Particles in our Air, Concentrations and Health Effects. In:
s.l.:Harvard University Press.
, . & , ., 2003. . 50/3 .
: .

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