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uc1 \u539 ?}iile dintre emo{\uc1 \u539 ?}ii {\uc1 \u537 ?}i s{\uc1 \u259 ?}n{\uc
1 \u259 ?}tate pozitive. Dou{\uc1 \u259 ?} emo{\uc1 \u539 ?}ii pozitive au fost
luate {\uc1 \u238 ?}n considerare, speran}{\operator Paula Adina}{\creatim \yr20
14 \mo5 \dy7 \hr18 \min25 }{\revtim \yr2014 \mo5 \dy7 \hr19 \min16 }{\version1 }
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?}}\fet2 {\*\ftnsep \pard \plain {\insrsid \chftnsep \par }}{\*\ftnsepc \pard \p
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xn12240 \pghsxn15840 \marglsxn1800 \margrsxn1800 \margtsxn1440 \margbsxn1440 \gu
ttersxn0 \headery720 \footery720 \pgbrdropt0 \endnhere \pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri
0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Acest studiu a
analizat rela\uc1 \u539 ?iile dintre emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii \uc1 \u537 ?i s\uc1 \u259
?n\uc1 \u259 ?tate pozitive. Dou\uc1 \u259 ? emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii pozitive au fost
luate \uc1 \u238 ?n considerare, speran\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u537 ?i c
uriozitate, \uc1 \u238 ?n colaborare cu 3 diagnosticat-medic rezultatele bolii:
hipertensiune arterial\uc1 \u259 ?, diabet zaharat, \uc1 \u537 ?i infec\uc1 \u53
9 ?ii ale tractului respirator. Date medicale au fost extrase pe o perioada de 2
ani de la 1041 de inregistrari pacient de la un cabinet medical multispecialty,
iar emotiile au fost evaluate prin intermediul unui chestionar trimis prin po\u
c1 \u537 ?t\uc1 \u259 ?. Peste 3 rezultate bolii, niveluri mai ridicate de spera
n\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ? au fost asociate cu un risc scazut de a avea sau de a
dezvolta o boala. Nivelul ridicat de curiozitate au fost, de asemenea, asociate
cu risc scazut de hipertensiune arterial\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u537 ?i diabet zahara
t. Rezultatele sugereaz\uc1 \u259 ? c\uc1 \u259 ? emo\uc1 \u539 ?iile pozitive p
ot juca un rol protector \uc1 \u238 ?n dezvoltarea bolii.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjust
right \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21
\kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \now
idctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Numeroase studii au d
escoperit c\uc1 \u259 ? emo\uc1 \u539 ?iile negative (furie, anxietate, depresie
), sunt asociate cu o morbiditate \uc1 \u537 ?i mortalitate la o serie de boli c
ronice, de la boli cardiovasculare (de exemplu, Barefoot et al, 2000;. Kubzansky
& Kawachi, 2000) pentru diabet zaharat (Lustman , Frank, si McGill, 1991) pentr
u astm (Friedman & Booth-Kewley, 1987). Mult mai putin se stie despre emo\uc1 \u
539 ?ii \uc1 \u537 ?i s\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?tate pozitive. Unele cercet\uc1
\u259 ?ri au considerat optimism \uc1 \u537 ?i angajament pozitiv ca factori de
protec\uc1 \u539 ?ie importante \uc1 \u238 ?n s\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?tate \uc
1 \u537 ?i bun\uc1 \u259 ?stare (a se vedea Ryff & Singer, 1998), ceea ce poate
sugera importan\uc1 \u539 ?a de emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii pozitive conexe. In acest stud
iu, am explorat rolul dou\uc1 \u259 ? emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii pozitive \uc1 \u238 ?n c
eea ce prive\uc1 \u537 ?te rezultatele bolii specifice \uc1 \u537 ?i a emis ipot
eza c\uc1 \u259 ? ele pot proteja \uc1 \u238 ?mpotriva rezultate slabe sanatate.
}{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \r
i0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \p
lain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f
0 Dovezi recente epidemiologice au sugerat c\uc1 \u259 ? emo\uc1 \u539 ?iile neg
ative pot juca un rol important \uc1 \u238 ?n dezvoltarea de o varietate de boli
, cum ar fi diabetul zaharat (Carnethon, Kinder, Fair, Stafford, si Fortmann, 20
03) si hipertensiune arteriala (Everson, Goldberg, Kaplan, Julkunen, & Salonen,
1998, Jonas, Franks, \uc1 \u537 ?i Ingram, 1997). De exemplu, Jonas \uc1 \u537 ?
i colab. (1997) a constatat c\uc1 \u259 ? un nivel ridicat de anxietate au fost
asociate cu doua-trei ori mai mare risc de hipertensiune arteriala in albii si n
egrii, \uc1 \u238 ?n raport cu omologii lor mai pu\uc1 \u539 ?in de anxietate.}{
\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0
\nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \pla
in \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \d
bch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
De exemplu, exista unele dovezi ca persoanele cu o mai mare stres emotional caut
a de ingrijire a sanatatii mai frecvent dec\uc1 \u226 ?t omologii lor nondistres
sed pentru o varietate de afectiuni medicale, inclusiv artrita (Vali & Walkup, 1
998), sindrom de colon iritabil.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f
0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hi
ch \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \li
n0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning
2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Dovada de o asociere \uc1 \u238 ?ntre emo\uc1
\u539 ?ie \uc1 \u537 ?i de s\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?tate pozitiv este mult mai
limitat. Ca urmare, mecanismele fiziologice, comportamentale sau cognitive speci
fice care pot leag\uc1 \u259 ? emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii pozitive la healthhave fost \uc
1 \u238 ?nc\uc1 \u259 ? explorate cu aten\uc1 \u539 ?ie. Cu toate acestea, tot m
ai multe dovezi arata ca emotiile pozitive pot proteja s\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259
?tatea.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj
\li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af
2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \ke
rning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 Studiile au descoperit o relatie intre afecta pozitiv \uc1 \u537 ?i mod
ific\uc1 \u259 ?ri fiziologice legate de o mai bun\uc1 \u259 ? func\uc1 \u539 ?i
onare imunitar (Futterman, Kemeny, Shapiro, si Fahey, 1994). \uc1 \u206 ?n mod s
imilar, func\uc1 \u539 ?ia imunitar \uc1 \u238 ?mbun\uc1 \u259 ?t\uc1 \u259 ?\uc
1 \u539 ?it este asociat cu sensibilitate sc\uc1 \u259 ?zut\uc1 \u259 ? la boli
infectioase. Cohen, Doyle, Turner, Alper, \uc1 \u537 ?i Skoner (2003) a constata
t c\uc1 \u259 ? tendin\uc1 \u539 ?a de a experimenta stiluri emotionale pozitive
a fost asociata cu o rezisten\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ? mai mare de a dezvolta o
raceala comuna.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \pl
ain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hic
h \af0 \loch \f0 \uc1 \u206 ?ntr-o analiz\uc1 \u259 ? de autobiografii scrise de
c\uc1 \u259 ?lug\uc1 \u259 ?ri\uc1 \u539 ?e catolice, Danner, Snowden, \uc1 \u5
37 ?i Friesen (2001) a constatat c\uc1 \u259 ? c\uc1 \u259 ?lug\uc1 \u259 ?ri\uc
1 \u539 ?e al c\uc1 \u259 ?ror con\uc1 \u539 ?inut scris de con\uc1 \u539 ?inut
emo\uc1 \u539 ?ional mai pu\uc1 \u539 ?in pozitiv la 22 de ani au un risc de 2,5
ori mai mare a mortalitatii premature dec\uc1 \u226 ?t cele ale c\uc1 \u259 ?ro
r scris cuprinse con\uc1 \u539 ?inut emo\uc1 \u539 ?ional puternic pozitiv peste
\uc1 \u537 ?ase decenii de follow-up. \uc1 \u206 ?n studiul de fa\uc1 \u539 ?\u
c1 \u259 ?, am examinat mai multe emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii pozitive \uc1 \u537 ?i posib
ilele leg\uc1 \u259 ?turi lor cu rezultate specifice de s\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259
?tate.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj
\li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af
2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\
pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \ke
rning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 Modelul a extinde \uc1 \u537 ?i-build de emo\uc1 \u539 ?ie identific\uc
1 \u259 ? patru emo\uc1 \u539 ?ie pozitiv\uc1 \u259 ? familii cu bucurie, intere
s, mul\uc1 \u539 ?umire, \uc1 \u537 ?i dragostea, \uc1 \u537 ?i sus\uc1 \u539 ?i
ne c\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n cadrul familiilor emo\uc1 \u539 ?ie, o varietate
de st\uc1 \u259 ?ri afective pot fi caracterizate printr-o tem\uc1 \u259 ? comun
\uc1 \u259 ?, precum \uc1 \u537 ?i varia\uc1 \u539 ?ii pe aceast\uc1 \u259 ? tem
\uc1 \u259 ? (Fredrickson, 1998).}{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \
f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \h
ich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \l
in0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kernin
g2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Dou\uc1 \u259 ? emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii poten\uc1 \
u539 ?ial de s\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?tate relevante care au ap\uc1 \u259 ?rut
\uc1 \u238 ?n aceast\uc1 \u259 ? literatur\uc1 \u259 ? sunt speran\uc1 \u539 ?\u
c1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u537 ?i curiozitate, precum \uc1 \u537 ?i pe baza unor defini\u
c1 \u539 ?ii conceptuale, ambele pot fi considerate destul de \uc1 \u238 ?n cadr
ul familiei emo\uc1 \u539 ?ie de interest.Emotions \uc1 \u238 ?n acest familial
sunt asociate cu un sentiment de provocare \uc1 \u537 ?i motivatia intrinseca, \
uc1 \u537 ?i ele pot oferi noutate, schimbare sau un sentiment de posibilitate,
\uc1 \u537 ?i o tendin\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ? spre explorare}{\fs21 \kerning2 \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \ad
justright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0
\nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \a
f0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Cele mai multe st
udii de speran\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ? s-au concentrat pe evaluarea valorii de s
peran\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?n fa\uc1 \u539 ?a bolilor viata in per
icol, cum ar fi cancerul. \uc1 \u206 ?ntr-o analiz\uc1 \u259 ? a studiilor cu pr
ivire la speran\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u537 ?i de boal\uc1 \u259 ?, Gotts
chalk (1985) citat de cercetare care a constatat o corela\uc1 \u539 ?ie semnific
ativ\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?ntre scorurile speran\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1
\u537 ?i timp de supravietuire pentru pacientii cu diferite forme de cancer meta
stazat. In timp ce cateva studii au examinat experien\uc1 \u539 ?a de speran\uc1
\u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u537 ?i de dezvoltare a bolii, Scioli et al. (1997) a
realizat un studiu prospectiv de speran\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ?, optimism, \uc1
\u537 ?i de s\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?tate \uc1 \u537 ?i a constatat c\uc1 \u25
9 ? scoruri mai mari de speran\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ? au fost corelate cu frecv
en\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ? redus\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u537 ?i severitatea bolii. Ho
pe a fost legat\uc1 \u259 ? de al\uc1 \u539 ?i indicatori pozitivi de sanatate,
cum ar fi calitatea vie\uc1 \u539 ?ii (Rustoen & Wiklund, 2000) si de sanatate m
intala (Brackney & Westman, 1992; Nunn, 1996). \uc1 \u206 ?n schimb, lipsa de sp
eran\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ? a fost un predictor semnificativ de mortalitate spe
cifice anumitor boli, precum allcause mortalitate intr-un esantion mare de b\uc1
\u259 ?rba\uc1 \u539 ?i finlandezi care au fost tratati pentru cancer sau atacu
rile de cord.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plai
n \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \db
ch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs
21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \uc1 \u206 ?ntr-un studiu prospectiv, Swan \uc1 \u537 ?i Carmelli
(1996) a g\uc1 \u259 ?sit o rela\uc1 \u539 ?ie \uc1 \u238 ?ntre curiozitate la
barbati si femei mai in varsta si de supravietuire ulterior pe o perioad\uc1 \u2
59 ? de 5 ani. Adultii mai in varsta care au fost mai curios a fost de 30%, a sc
azut riscul de a muri in timpul perioadei de studiu, comparativ cu adul\uc1 \u53
9 ?ii mai pu\uc1 \u539 ?in curioase. Alte studii au sugerat ca adultii mai in va
rsta care au un angajament curios cu mediul lor, prin hobby-uri sau alte activit
\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u539 ?i, tr\uc1 \u259 ?iesc mai mult \uc1 \u537 ?i sunt mai pu
\uc1 \u539 ?in susceptibile de a dezvolta boli degenerative ale sistemului nervo
s central (Silvia, 2001). Curiozitatea ar putea sus\uc1 \u539 ?ine starea de s\u
c1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?tate a sistemului nervos, pentru c\uc1 \u259 ? se angajea
z\uc1 \u259 ? persoana \uc1 \u238 ?n construc\uc1 \u539 ?ii dinamic \uc1 \u537 ?
i organizarea de cunoa\uc1 \u537 ?tere (Swan & Cormelli, 1996).}{\fs21 \kerning2
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0
{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri
0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Un punct forte
al acestui studiu este c\uc1 \u259 ? se evit\uc1 \u259 ? posibilitatea de confuz
ie, prin utilizarea metodologiei de auto-raport pentru a evalua emo\uc1 \u539 ?i
ile \uc1 \u537 ?i evaluarea rezultatelor de sanatate cu diagnostic medic}{\fs21
\kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowi
dctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \l
och \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj
\li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \a
f2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Am exa
minat dac\uc1 \u259 ? emo\uc1 \u539 ?ie pozitiv\uc1 \u259 ? poate proteja impotr
iva bolii rezultatele specifice ale HT, DM, \uc1 \u537 ?i RTIs. Am m\uc1 \u259 ?
surat dou\uc1 \u259 ? emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii, speran\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u5
37 ?i curiozitate, prin intermediul unui chestionar trimis prin po\uc1 \u537 ?t\
uc1 \u259 ?. Rezultatele bolii au fost evaluate din datele captate din \uc1 \u23
8 ?nregistr\uc1 \u259 ?rile pacien\uc1 \u539 ?ilor ob\uc1 \u539 ?inute de la o m
ultispecialty, multigrup practica medical\uc1 \u259 ? pe o perioad\uc1 \u259 ? d
e 2 ani. Dupa controlul de factori relevan\uc1 \u539 ?i, am examinat ipoteza ca
cei cu un nivel mai ridicat de emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii pozitive ar fi mai putin probab
il de a dezvolta aceste boli.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs
21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Asocia\uc1 \u539 ?iile de Hope \uc1 \u537 ?i curi
ozitate cu DiseaseOutcomes }{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \pa
r }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \a
f0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \r
in0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \db
ch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 HT. Hope a fost asociat cu cazuri de incidente de H
T (de\uc1 \u537 ?i aceasta asociatie nu a atins semnificatie statistica), \uc1 \
u537 ?i curiozitatea a fost puternic asociat cu cazuri de incidente de HT, indic
\uc1 \u226 ?nd faptul c\uc1 \u259 ? ambele aceste emotii pot prezice dezvoltarea
de HT in Anul 2}{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \p
lain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2
\dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f
0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hi
ch \af0 \loch \f0 \uc1 \u206 ?n modelul multivariat, odds ratio (OR) pentru sper
an\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ? a fost de 0,65, indic\uc1 \u226 ?nd o sc\uc1 \u259 ?d
ere de 35% \uc1 \u238 ?n \uc1 \u537 ?ansele de a fi diagnosticate cu HT pentru f
iecare cre\uc1 \u537 ?tere de o unitate \uc1 \u238 ?n speran\uc1 \u539 ?a peste
urm\uc1 \u259 ?rile 1 an.Sau a fost de 0,43 de curiozitate, care indic\uc1 \u259
? faptul c\uc1 \u259 ? o cre\uc1 \u537 ?tere de o unitate din curiozitate a fos
t asociat cu un 57% a scazut probabilitatea de a dezvolta \uc1 \u537 ?i de a fi
diagnosticat cu HT.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard
\plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kernin
g2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \ita
p0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 DM. Nici o speran\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ?, nici curiozitate
a a fost asociata cu o incidenta de DM (a se vedea tabelul 3). Foarte pu\uc1 \u5
39 ?ine cazuri de nou DM au fost raportate \uc1 \u238 ?n anul 2 \uc1 \u8203 ?\uc
1 \u8203 ?(n 16?), Care ar putea fi afectat puterea noastr\uc1 \u259 ? de a vede
a orice efecte. Hope a fost asociat cu tot ce a avut un diagnostic de DM, iar ac
east\uc1 \u259 ? asociere abordat semnifica\uc1 \u539 ?ie.Multivariate SAU a fos
t de 0,67. Modelul de rezultate a fost similara pentru curiozitate, suger\uc1 \u
226 ?nd c\uc1 \u259 ?, cu fiecare cre\uc1 \u537 ?tere de o unitate din curiozita
te, persoanele fizice au fost cu 38% mai putin susceptibile de a avea DM.}{\fs21
\kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \now
idctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Model de rezultate, c
u toate acestea, a sugerat o rela\uc1 \u539 ?ie doz\uc1 \u259 ?-r\uc1 \u259 ?spu
ns \uc1 \u238 ?ntre DM predominante \uc1 \u537 ?i speran\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ?
, mai degrab\uc1 \u259 ? dec\uc1 \u226 ?t un prag clar la care poate avea loc as
tfel de efecte.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \pl
ain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hic
h \af0 \loch \f0 RTIs. In a model controlling for age, hope significantly predic
ted number of RTIs . In this model, people with higher levels of hope were less
likely to have an RTI diagnosis. The addition of covariates somewhat attenuated
the parameter estimate . No significant associations of curiosity with RTI were
evident. We examined possible threshold effects with hope. Comparisons of high s
corers on hope to low scorers in the multivariate model yielded similar, signifi
cant results.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plai
n \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \db
ch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs
21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 Av\uc1 \u226 ?nd \uc1 \u238 ?n vedere c\uc1 \u259 ? alte studii a
u sugerat c\uc1 \u259 ? emo\uc1 \u539 ?iile negative sunt factori de risc pentru
o varietate de boli, am examinat dac\uc1 \u259 ? rezultatele noastre ar putea f
i o func\uc1 \u539 ?ie a rela\uc1 \u539 ?iei dintre emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii pozitive \
uc1 \u537 ?i negative. Am comparat corela\uc1 \u539 ?iilor dintre aceste scale \
uc1 \u537 ?i emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii negative. Dou\uc1 \u259 ? emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii negat
ive au fost disponibile \uc1 \u238 ?n aceste date, anxietate \uc1 \u537 ?i m\uc1
\u226 ?nie.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain
\qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbc
h \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \p
ar }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs2
1 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \uc1 \u206 ?n plus, pentru fiecare rezultat boala, am ad\uc1 \u259
?ugat cele dou\uc1 \u259 ? emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii negative (anxietate \uc1 \u537 ?i
m\uc1 \u226 ?nie) la modelele multivariate cu emotii pozitive pentru a evalua da
c\uc1 \u259 ? emo\uc1 \u539 ?iile pozitive au avut efecte fa\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u2
59 ? de cele de emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii negative. Efecte au fost \uc1 \u238 ?n mare pa
rte neschimbate, ceea ce sugereaz\uc1 \u259 ? c\uc1 \u259 ? rezultatele noastre
nu pot fi atribuite la rela\uc1 \u539 ?ia de speran\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ? sau
de curiozitate cu aceste emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii negative.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright
\lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \ker
ning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctl
par \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Rezultatele noastre sugere
aza o func\uc1 \u539 ?ie de protec\uc1 \u539 ?ie a emo\uc1 \u539 ?iilor pozitive
pentru doi indicatori din rezultatele de boli multiple. Efectele ambele emo\uc1
\u539 ?ii pozitive (speran\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u537 ?i curiozitate) s
-au men\uc1 \u539 ?inut dup\uc1 \u259 ? controlul de o varietate de factori de c
onfuzie poten\uc1 \u539 ?iali, inclusiv comportamente de sanatate. Consisten\uc1
\u539 ?a de efecte \uc1 \u238 ?n \uc1 \u238 ?ntreaga boli care implic\uc1 \u259
? diferite sisteme fiziologice (cardiovasculare, metabolice, respiratorii) \uc1
\u537 ?i sugereaz\uc1 \u259 ? efecte bazate pe larg de emotii pozitive asupra s
\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?t\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u539 ?ii. Mai mult, analizele prospe
ctive sugereaz\uc1 \u259 ? thepossibility de un rol protector pentru emo\uc1 \u5
39 ?ii pozitive \uc1 \u238 ?n dezvoltarea bolii.}{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hi
ch \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \li
n0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning
2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0
{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Mai mult, nu am g\uc1 \u259 ?s
it c\uc1 \u259 ? prezen\uc1 \u539 ?a emo\uc1 \u539 ?iilor pozitive este echivale
nt\uc1 \u259 ? cu lipsa de emo\uc1 \u539 ?ie negativ\uc1 \u259 ?. Rela\uc1 \u539
?iile de emo\uc1 \u539 ?ie negativ\uc1 \u259 ? cu m\uc1 \u259 ?surile noastre d
e speran\uc1 \u539 ?\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u537 ?i curiozitate au fost \uc1 \u238 ?n
direc\uc1 \u539 ?iile a\uc1 \u537 ?teptate, oferind unele dovezi de valabilitat
e a acestor m\uc1 \u259 ?suri. Cu toate acestea, atunci c\uc1 \u226 ?nd am consi
derat de s\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?tate \uc1 \u238 ?n raport cu emo\uc1 \u539 ?i
e at\uc1 \u226 ?t negativ \uc1 \u537 ?i pozitiv, \uc1 \u238 ?mpreun\uc1 \u259 ?
\uc1 \u238 ?n acela\uc1 \u537 ?i model \uc1 \u537 ?i separat, am constatat ca em
o\uc1 \u539 ?ie pozitiv\uc1 \u259 ? a fost asociat cu rezultatele din domeniul s
anatatii, dincolo de efectele de emotie negativa. Nu pare a fi ceva unic de prot
ec\uc1 \u539 ?ie cu privire la emo\uc1 \u539 ?ie pozitiv\uc1 \u259 ?.}{\fs21 \ke
rning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidct
lpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \l
i0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Acest stu
diu ofera dovezi pentru o asociere important\uc1 \u259 ? \uc1 \u238 ?ntre emo\uc
1 \u539 ?ie \uc1 \u537 ?i de s\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?tate pozitive . Care sunt
mecanismele care ar putea explica aceast\uc1 \u259 ? rela\uc1 \u539 ?ie ? Un me
canism care stau la baza acestei rela\uc1 \u539 ?ii ar putea fi faptul c\uc1 \u2
59 ? experien\uc1 \u539 ?a afecta pozitiv sustine direct sistemul imunitar . Dif
eri\uc1 \u539 ?i parametri imunitar s-au dovedit a fi susceptibile de a influen\
uc1 \u539 ?a prin st\uc1 \u259 ?ri afective ( Futterman et al , 1994; . Stone, C
ox , Valdimarsdottir , Jandorf , si Neale , 1987) . Un alt mecanism posibil de i
nfluen\uc1 \u539 ?a emo\uc1 \u539 ?iilor pozitive asupra st\uc1 \u259 ?rii de s\
uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?tate poate fi o aten\uc1 \u539 ?ie sporit\uc1 \u259 ? la
informa\uc1 \u539 ?ii de s\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc1 \u259 ?tate relevante . Convingeri
optimiste , de exemplu , sunt legate de o mai mare de prelucrare a informa\uc1 \
u539 ?iilor de risc de sanatate ( Aspinwall & Brunhart , 1996) . Modelul L\uc1 \
u259 ?rgirea - \uc1 \u537 ?i - build ( Fredrickson , 1998) , unul dintre cele c\
uc1 \u226 ?teva modele teoretice de emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii pozitive , care au fost pr
opuse , poate furniza orient\uc1 \u259 ?ri suplimentare pentru a ajuta la identi
ficarea c\uc1 \u259 ?ilor de emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii pozitive pentru s\uc1 \u259 ?n\uc
1 \u259 ?tate . Emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii \uc1 \u238 ?n familia emo\uc1 \u539 ?ie de int
eres au capacitatea de a extinde moment tendin\uc1 \u539 ?e de g\uc1 \u226 ?ndir
e - ac\uc1 \u539 ?iune ale unei persoane \uc1 \u537 ?i -a lungul timpului pot co
nstrui resurse personale ale unei persoane , cum ar fi cre\uc1 \u537 ?terea de r
e\uc1 \u539 ?ele sociale \uc1 \u537 ?i de cuno\uc1 \u537 ?tin\uc1 \u539 ?e . \uc
1 \u206 ?n acest fel , astfel de emo\uc1 \u539 ?ii pozitive pot facilita cre\uc1
\u537 ?terea economic\uc1 \u259 ? , precum \uc1 \u537 ?i de adaptare de succes
a cererilor \uc1 \u238 ?n curs de desf\uc1 \u259 ?\uc1 \u537 ?urare .}{\fs21 \ke
rning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \nowidct
lpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch
\af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }\pard \plain \qj \l
i0 \ri0 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 Cu toate
acestea, unele dovezi arat\uc1 \u259 ? c\uc1 \u259 ? emo\uc1 \u539 ?iile pozitiv
e pot accelera procesele homeostatice interne, \uc1 \u238 ?n special pentru func
\uc1 \u539 ?ionarea cardiovasculare (Fredrickson & Levenson, 1998), \uc1 \u537 ?
i, ca rezultat, emo\uc1 \u539 ?iile pozitive pot reduce stresul asupra sistemulu
i cardiovascular \uc1 \u238 ?n fa\uc1 \u539 ?a unor evenimente negative de viata
}{\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \par }}