Quick Review

Quick Review
IVRS: Interactive Voice response System.
SMS: Short Messaging Service
PAN means Permanent Account Number.
In India so far 15 times the Lok Sabha elections are conducted.
15
th
one is 2009.
The midterm elections were conducted for 5 times so far. (1971,
1980, 1991, 1998, 1999).
The Madam Tussauds Museum is located in London. The wax
models of historical and Royal figures, film stars, sport stars etc
are displayed.
Green Cars are those cars that run with CNG (Compressed Natural
Gas), LPG (liquefied Petroleum Gas) and with electric engine.
Highest number of air ports are present in USA (15079).
Sir Robert Cheese Brow (1837 1933) is the inventor of Vaseline
Petroleum gelly.
The life expectancy is lowest in Swaziland (32 years). Here more
than 61 percent of the people die of AIDS every year.
Gulzarilal Nanda was the first interim PM of India after the death
of the Jawaharlal Nehru (1
st
PM) in the year 1964. Gulazari Lal
Nanda is also the interim PM after the death of Lal Bahadur
Sastri in the year 1966.
Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel was the first Home Minster of India.
P.Chidambaram is the current HM.
So far India had 7 deputy PMs (As of March 2011).
First Dy. PM was Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel (1947-50). 7
th
was LK
Advani (2002-04).
The position of Deputy PM was not mentioned in the Constitution.
Maulana Abdul Kalam was the first Education Minister for the
independent India. November 11, the birth anniversary of
Maulana was declared as National Education Day.
During National Emergency the term of Lok Sabha and assemblies
is extended by 1 year.
So far National Emergency was imposed for 3 times.
National Emergency was imposed for the 1
st
time in 1962 because
of war with China, second time in 1971 because of war with
Pakistan. Third time in 1975 because of internal disturbances.
(44
th
Constitutional amendment replaced the Internal
Disturbances with Armed Rebellion).
Golaknath vs. the state of Punjab (1967) case judgment was
delivered by the CJI K.Subba Rao. Supreme Court said
Fundamental Rights cannot be amended.
Keshavananda Bharati Vs state of Kerala (1973) case judgment
was delivered by the CJI SM Sikri. Supreme Court said Judicial
Review is a basic feature of the Constitution.
86
th
Amendment of 2002 changed the subject matter of Article 45
and also made elementary education a fundamental right under
Article 21 A. (This came into effect on April 1, 2010).
Morarji Desai (4
th
PM) is the 1
st
PM of India who do not belong to
Congress. He is the only Indian to receive both Bharat Ratna and
Nishaan-e-Pakistan.
Morarji Desai is the first Indian Prime Minister to resign from the
office.
In Radar system, Radio waves are used to locate the existence of
an object.
As on January 12, 2012, the four Chief Ministers are the members
of the State Legislative Council (Upper House). They are Nitish
Kumar (Bihar), Mayawati (UP), Sadananda Gowda (Karnataka)
and Prithviraj Chouhan (Maharashtra).
Smiling Buddha is the code name of the Indias 1
st
nuclear
programme conducted in 1974 in Pokhran (Rajasthan).
Operation Shakti is the name of Pokhran-II conducted by India
May 11 and May 13, 1998.
Morarji Desai was the 1st Chairman of Administrative Reforms
Commission (ARC) and Verappa Moily the Union Law minister is
the latest chairman of ARC.
Legislative Assembly strength should not be more than 500 and
not less than 60 members.
Legislative council strength should not be less than 40 and not
more than 1/3
rd
of the strength of assembly.
Lion was the National animal of India up to 1972.
Since 1972, National animal is Tiger.




NATIONAL SYMBOLS:

National Animal - Tiger
National Tree Banyan.
National bird Peacock
National Flower Lotus
National Fruit Mango
National River Ganga
National Aquatic animal Dolphin.


The President nominates 2 Anglo-Indians to Lok sabha and 12
members to Rajya Sabha.
The Governor of a state nominates 1 Anglo-Indian to Assembly
and 1/6
th
members to legislative council.
Tenure of CAG is 6 years or till he attains the age of 65 years
whichever is earlier.
Tenure of Chairman and members of UPSC is 6 years or till he
attains the age of 65 years whichever is earlier.
Tenure of Chairman and members of State Public Service
Commission or JPSC is 6 years or till he attains the age of 62
years whichever is earlier.
The tenure of a service Chief (Army, Air Force and Navy) is 3
years or till the age of 62 years whichever is earlier.
Article 52. There shall be a President.
Article 153. There shall be a Governor for each state.
The President of India is elected by the elected members of Lok
Sabha, Elected members of Rajya Sabha and the elected
members of State Assemblies including that of Delhi and
Pondicherry.
The Governor is appointed by the President.
Air Force One (Rajdoot, Rajhans & Rajkamal) fleet. This is
modeled on US Presidents Air Force One. Indian President
traveled on Rajdoot to Assam.
B-Complex and C Vitamins are water soluble and A, D, E and K are
the fat soluble vitamins.
Vitamins B and C are water soluble.
B and C dissolve in water and are not stored. Hence needed in
daily diet.
Excess A, D, E and K are stored in liver. They are not needed
every day in diet.
The right of suffrage (Voting) for Lok sabha and assemblies is
mentioned under Article 326 of the Indian Constitution. In the
original Constitution the minimum age to vote was 21 and
through 61
st
amendment in the year 1989 it was reduced to 18
years.
Articles 15, 16 and 19 belong only to citizens. Remaining articles
under Fundamental rights are applicable to citizens and aliens
equally.
Yuri Gagarin (USSR) was the first Cosmonaut to go into space in
the year 1961 in a space craft called Vostok-1.
Valentina Tereshkova (USSR) is the first woman to go into space
in the year 1963. She travelled through Vostok-6.
Neil Armstrong (US) along with Edwin Aldrin was the first to land
on Moon on July 20, 1969. They travelled through Apollo-
11(Eagle) landed on sea of Tranquility on Moon.
Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian to go into space in the year
1984. He went in a space craft called Soyuz T-11.
Kalpana Chawla died in the crash of space shuttle Columbia STS-
107 on February 1, 2003. India's 1st meteorological satellite
METSAT renamed as Kalpana-1.
The Sankranti festival is the festival of the Sun god who is
regarded as the symbol of divinity and wisdom.
The Sankranti marks the Suns transition from Dhanur rasi
(Sagittarius) to Makara rasi (Capricorn). This also means that the
Suns is on its northwards journey or Uttarayan bringing it closer
to the northern hemisphere.
The Sankranti festival is called Pongal in Tamil Nadu, Lohri
(Punjab), Bhogali Bihu (Assam).
First Lok Sabha was constituted in May 1952. Mavalankar was the
first speaker and M Ananthasayanam Ayyangar was the first
deputy Speaker of Lok sabha.
Parliament means Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and the President.
The Lok Sabha is also called lower house or House of people.
The Rajya Sabha is also called Upper House or Council of states.
State Legislature means Legislative Assembly, Legislative Council
and the Governor.
Central Hindu College at Banaras was founded by Dr Annie Besant
in the year 1898. It was developed into Banaras Hindu University
by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya.
Annie Besant was the first woman President of INC in 1917
during Calcutta session.
Sarojini Naidu was the first Indian woman President of INC in
1925 during Kanpur session.
Mahatma Gandhi was the President of INC only once in the year
1924 during Belgaum session.
Justice Sinha of Allahabad High Court delivered judgment against
Indira Gandhi in the year 1975 for the malpractices of 1971
elections. The petition was filed by Raj Narain.
Theosophical society was founded in New York in the year 1975 by
Madam Elena Blavatsky. Later it is moved to Adyar (Chennai).
Vijaya lakshmi Pandit was the first Indian elected as the President
of the 8
th
United Nations General Assembly in 1953.
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit was the first woman cabinet Minister in
India. She was the Minister for Local self Government and Health
in the congress ministry of UP from 1937 to 1939. She was the
first Indian woman ambassador to erstwhile USSR from 1947 to
1949.
In 1901 Kadambini Ganguly became the first woman to address
INC during Calcutta session.
INC was founded by A O Hume in Bombay in the year 1885. WC
Bennerjee was the first President of INC.
First woman Governor in India Sarojini Naidu for the state of UP in
the year 1949.
First woman CM in India Sucheta Kripalani for the state of Uttar
Pradesh (1963 1967).
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur was the first woman Cabinet Minister in
India up to the year 1957. She held the Ministry of Health
portfolio.
Indira Gandhi was the first Prime Minster to get defeated in the
elections. She was defeated in the 1977 election by Janata Party
candidate Raj Narain.
Leila Seth-1st woman Chief Justice of High Court(HP).
National environmental engineering institute was established in
Nagpur in the year 1958.
Cape Verde is the 153
rd
nation in WTO (World Trade
Organization). WTO head Quarters Geneva, Switzerland. WTO
Director-General Pascal Lamy. In April 2009 he was reappointed
for a term of 4 years.
Russia is not a member of WTO.
TEMPLE Trees: This is the official residence of the President of Sri
Lanka.
Food& Agriculture organization HQ Rome. Director General
Jacques Doiuf.
MNP (Mobile number Portability). MNP was first introduced in
Haryana in the year 2010. On January 20, 2011 it was extended
to the entire country.
The Wagah border lies on the Grand Trunk road connecting
Amritsar and Lahore.
The towns of Baarle-Nassau in Netherlands and Baarle-Hertog in
Belgium are so deeply intertwined that it is very common to find
the white crosses the divide the 2 countries running through a
road, a restaurant or even a house.
The citizens of Australia and New Zealand can work and live in
either country without restrictions.
India shares open border policy with Nepal.
The smallest sea island Market Island is shared by Sweden and
Finland.
The Berlin wall that separated East and West Germany epitomized
as the Iron Curtain, a boundary between the Free World and the
Communist World.
As per Schengen agreement one does not require any special
travel documents to cross over to another European country.
International Monitory Fund and International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development or World Bank, both put
together is called Bretton Woods twins.
International Monitory Fund and World Bank both Head quarters
located in Washington. Both were set up in the year 1945
Pluto lost the status of a planet.
Venus is the nearest planet to the earth. Venus is the hottest
planet in the solar system. This is called Morning star/Evening
star.
Mercury is nearest to the Sun.
All planets rotate up on their axis from west to East. Venus and
Uranus rotate from east to West. Asteroids are present between
Mars and Jupiter.
In Supreme Court there is a Chief Justice of India and 30 other
judges. All are appointed by the President. Once appointed retire
at the age of 65.
SC and HC judges are appointed by the President. Both Submit
resignation letter to the President.

SALARIES:

President Rs. 1, 50,000/-
Vice President- Rs. 1, 25,000/-.
Governor Rs. 1, 10,000/-.
Chief Justice of India (CJI) - Rs. 1,00,000/-
Other Judges of SC- Rs. 90,000/-
Chief Justice of High Court Rs. 90,000/-
Other judges of High Court Rs. 80,000/-
After the death of the President Zakir Husain in 1969, Vice
President VV Giri resigned. At that time the CJI Hidayatullah
acted as the President till the completion of elections.
Arjun is Indias main battle tank developed by DRDO (Defense
Research and Development Organization). Its original name
MBT-80.
DRDO Head quarters located in New Delhi.
DRDO Director General Dr V K Saraswat. He is the scientific
advisor to the Defence Minister.
Edmund Hillary (New Zealand) and Tensing Norgay (Nepal) called
"Tiger of the snows", became the first men to scale Mt. Everest in
1953.
Zero was invented by Unknown Indian.
Indias first satellite Aryabhatta (1975) and second satellite
Bhaskara-I (1979) both were launched from Baikanour
Comsodrome (USSR).
Bhaskara-I was Indias first earth observations satellite.
Geosynchronous orbit (36,000 km) is an earth orbit made by an
artificial satellite moving west to east direction.
Tropic of cancer passes through Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and
Mizoram. (8 States).
Among parallels only Equator is a great circle.
Equator passes through Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Gabon, Congo,
Congo Republic, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia and Indonesia.

THE MINIMUM AGE FOR CONTESTINGELECTIONS:
President, Vice President, Governor 35 years.
Rajya sabha and Legislative councils 30 years.
Lok sabha and Assemblies 25 years.

Parliament is Summoned and Prorogued by the President.
Lok sabha is dissolved by the President.
Rajya Sabha is a permanent house that cannot be dissolved.
The term of the President and the Vice President is 5 years. They
can be reelected.
Governor holds office during the pleasure of the President.
Governor can be reappointed.
President submits resignation letter to the Vice president and the
Vice President submits to the President.
Governor submits the resignation to the President.
The National Museum of Natural History was set up in the year
1772 in Madrid (Spain) is the first museum of its kind.
The red colour of the blood is due to the presence of the iron
compound called hemoglobin.
Blood consists of RBC (Erythrocytes), WBC (Leucocytes), Platelets
and Plasma.
Blood is classified into A, B, AB and O.
The blood group AB is Universal acceptor.
The blood group O is Universal donor.
Karakoram Highway connects Pakistan-occupied Kashmir with
xianjing in China. This is 800 km long.
The atmosphere contains 5 layers. They are Troposphere,
Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere and exosphere. Maximum
concentration of Ozone-present in stratosphere.
Finance commission is mentioned in Article 280 of the
Constitution. It is constituted by the President of India every 5
years. Chairman and Members are appointed by the President.
Finance commission submits the report to the President of India.
President lays the report before the Parliament.
So far 13 Finance Commissions were constituted.
K C Neogy was the chairman of 1
st
Finance Commission.
The Chairman for 13
th
Finance Commission was Vijay Kelkar.
Olympics: 1st modern Olympics were held in 776 BC in Athens.
1st modern Olympics 1896 Athens.2008 Beijing, 2012 London,
2016 -Rio de Janeiro.
SAARC was set up in the year 1985. Afghanistan joined the
group during 2007 SAARC summit in Delhi. 2010 SAARC summit
was held in Thimphu, Bhutan. In the year 2011SAARC summit
will be held in Male, Maldives.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is commonly known as Laughing gas.
In the year 1984 Union Carbide (UC) gas leak of Methyl
isocyanides many people were killed. Warren Anderson was the
chairman of UC. Later UC was taken over by DOW.
June 5
th
World Environment day.
July 11
th
World population day.
RBI prints currency notes except one rupee note and other coins.
One rupee note printed and coins are minted by the Ministry of
Finance.
The highest denomination at present in India is Rs. 1000/- notes.
Maximum denomination that RBI can issue notes is Rs. 10,000/-
Corbett National park is Indias 1
st
national park (1935). Presently
it is in Uttaranchal. This is the 1
st
sanctuary that is covered under
project Tiger.
Bengal was divided in the year 1905 and reunited in the year
1911.
Jains used Prakrit language.
Buddhists used Pali languages.
Vitamin D is called sunshine vitamin.
Integrated Guided Missile Development programme (IGMDP)
comprises Prithvi, Trishul, Agni, Akash and Nag missiles.
Agni Surface to surface Missile.
Prithvi surface to surface missile.
Trishul Surface to Air missile.
Akash Surface to Air missile.
Nag is an anti tank missile.
Deficiency of Vitamin A results in night blindness.
Deficiency of Vitamin C causes Scurvy.
Deficiency of vitamin D causes Rickets.
Total vitamins 13. A, B complex (8), C, D, E and K.
Vitamin K-essential for clotting of blood.
A-Retional,B1-Thiamine,B2-Riboflavin,C-ascorbic acid
The Punganur cow is the Worlds smallest breed (type, variety)
of cows. This cow milk contains highest fat (8 percent) content
and rich medicinal properties. Normally a cow milk contains 3 to
3.5 percent fat.
Jaya Deva was the author of Gita Govind.
Harsha Moved capital from Thaneshwar to Kanauj
Harsha was defeated by Chalukya ruler Pulakesini II.
Bana Bhatta lived in the court of Harshavardhana.
Harsha belongs to pushyabuti dynasty. He followed Buddhism.
Elephanta caves (Maharashtra) were built by the Chalukyas. It has
both Hindu caves (Shiva) and Buddhist caves.
Ajanta caves Buddhism.
Ellora caves Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism.
Nasik caves Buddhist, Shivate & Vaishnavite.
Bactrians were the first kings to issue coins bearing their names.
During Vedic period Goghana means a guest.
Nishka means Gold.
Yava means Barley.
Vrihi, Tandula, Sali means Rice.
Junagad Inscription (Gujarat) is the first official inscription in
Sanskrit.
Ashokas Rock Edict XIII gave importance to the policy of
Dhamma.
These Rock Edicts are the collection of 33 inscriptions.
Taxila (Punjab) sculpture represents the nature.
Mahavira was associated with triratnas (Right Knowledge, Right
faith and Right Action)
Tripitikas Buddhist literature compiled in Pali language.
o Vinaya Pitika
o Sutta Pitika
o Abhidamma Pitika.
Jatakas are part of Suttapitika and they explain the stories of
previous birth of Buddha.

Buddhist Councils:
1
st
Rajagriha (483 BC)
2
nd
Vaisali (383)
3
rd
Pataliputrs (250 BC)
4
th
Kashmir (1 AD).


3
rd
Buddhist council was held during Ashoka period.
During 4
th
council Buddhism was divided into Hinayana and
Mahayana.
Linga raja temple is present in Bhubaneswar. It represents the
Nagara style of architecture. It was built by Jajati Keshari in 11
AD.
Dasavatara temple is present in Deogarh in UP. It was built during
Gupta period.
Ashoka Pillar or Allahabad inscription at Allahabad provided the
information of Samudra Gupta.

Avesta was the oldest Iranian texts.
Swapnavasavadatta was written by Bhasa. Vasavadatta was the
prince of Avanti.
Mahajanapadas and capital:

o Kashi - Varanasi
o Anga - Champa
o Vajji -Vaisali
Vasta - Kausambi.

Bimbisara (founder of Haryanka dynasty) was the contemporary of
Buddha.
Selucas Nicator was the contemporary of Chandra Gupta Maurya.
Bimbisara, Ajatasatru and Udayin are the 3 important kings
belong to Haryanka dynasty.
Haryanka, Naga, Nanda, Maurya and Sunga are the sequence of
dynasties that ruled Magadha.
Terracotta was used for making Harappa seals.
Bronze dancing girl was found at Mohenjo-Daro.
Mohammad-Bin-Tuglaq introduced token copper currency.
Firoz-shah-Tuglaq set up a separate department to maintain
slaves.
Alexander was the king of Macedonia. He crossed Hindukush
Mountains and Indus River in the year 326 BC.
The battle of Hydespes was fought on the river Jhelum between
Alexander and Porus and Porus was defeated.
Rishaba was the first Jain Thirthankara. Rishaba means bull.
Parshva was the 23
rd
Jain Thirthankara.
Mahavira was the 24
th
Thirthankara.
Mahavira died at Pavapuri in 468 BC. According to Jainism plants
and trees have 2 jivas. Animals have 3 or more jivas.
Mahavira preached in Magadhi. The teachings of Jainism were
recorded at a council conducted at Pataliputra in 5 AD.
The Third Battle of Panipat took place in1761. Fought between
Marathas and Afghans led by Ahmad shah Durrani also called
Ahmad Shah Abdali. Marathas were defeated.
Rahim was the court poet of Akbar.
Taj Mahal was finest Mughal architecture in Marble.
Babur tomb is present in Kabul (Afghanistan).
Jaipala (Shaka king) was the 1
st
ruler to face the invasion of
Mahmud of Ghazni.
Bengal Gazette was the first major news paper started in India in
1780.
Liver is the largest gland in the human body.
Lord Canning was the Governor-General of India when 1857 revolt
broke out.
Lord Canning was the last Governor-General and the first Viceroy
of India.
Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by Lord Dalhousie. Satara
(Maharashtra) was the 1
st
to be annexed in the year 1848.
Portugal was the first country to establish trade relations with
India.
Lord Macaulay introduced English education in India.
Sir Clement Atlee was the PM of England when India got the
independence.
Mount Batten Plan or June 3
rd
plan is envisaged the partition of
India into India and Pakistan.
Lord Mountbatten was appointed as the 1
st
Governor-General of
free India.
First Indian Governor-General was C. Rajagopala Chari.
Mohammad Ali Jinnah was the 1
st
Governor-General of Pakistan.
o *********
Insulin was discovered by Fredrick Banting and Charles Best of
Canada in the year 1921.
Insulin is a hormone secreted by the Pancreas that regulates
sugar levels in the body.
The Attorney-General cannot vote but has right to speak and take
part in the proceedings of Parliament without being a member.
The Advocate-General cannot vote but has right to speak and take
part in the proceeding of state legislature without being a
member.
As per the estimations of UN World Population India will be the
most populous country by the year 2050.
Dadabhai Naoroji (Grand Old Man of India) was the first Indian to
be elected to the British House of commons in the year 1892.
Lunar eclipse occurs when the earth is between Sun and Moon.
Solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is in between the Sun and the
Earth.
Fourth estate refers to Press. The term was first used by Thomas
Macaulay in 1828.
Jammu and Kashmir is the only state in India which has a
separate Constitution which came into force in 1957. Article 370
of Indian Constitution provides for the special status for Jammu
and Kashmir.
Indias first fast Breeder Test Reactor located at Indira Gandhi
Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpak am near Chennai.
Apsara is Indias first nuclear research reactor.
Kamini is Indias first neutron reactor.
38
th
parallel is the boundary between North Korea and South
Korea.
49
th
parallel is the boundary between USA and Canada.
The Joint session of the Parliament is summoned by the President.
The Joint session of the parliament is presided over by the
Speaker.
As per 2001 census Kerala registered lowest decadal population
growth rate and highest was Nagaland.
Pipavav (Gujarat) is the first private port in India.
In India there are 12 major ports. 6 on east coast and 6 on west
coast.

Kandla-Gujarat
Mumbai-Maharashtra
Nhava Sheva-Maha
New Mangalore-Karnataka
Mormugao-Goa
Kochi-Kerala
Tuticorin-Tamil Nadu
Chennai-TN
Vishakhapatnam-AP,
Para dip-Orissa
Haldia Kolkata
Kolkata in West Bengal.


Kandla is a free port.
Mumbai is the biggest port.
Calcutta is riverine port.
Vishakhapatnam is the deepest port.
Aiteraya Brahmana is associated with Rig-Veda.
Shatapatha Brahmana is associated with Yajur Veda.
Jaiminiya is associated with Sama Veda.
Gopatha is associated with Atharva Veda.
Labour party was in power in England when India got
independence.
Lord Curzon was the viceroy of India when Bengal was partitioned
in the year 1905.
Red Shirts or Khudai Khidmmatgar movement was led by Khan
Abdul Gaffer Khan. Also called Frontier Gandhi.
Hunter commission was appointed to look into the tragedy of
Jallianwala Bagh of 1919.
In the year 1907 INC split into moderates and extremists. This is
popularly called Surat Split.
Rashbehari Ghosh was the president of INC in 1907.
Servants of India society was launched by Gopala Krishna Gokale
in the year 1905.
During Tripuri session (1939) S C Bose defeated Pattabhi
sitaramaiah (Gandhis nominee). Abdul Kalam Azad withdrew
nomination.
Direct action was launched by Muslim league in the year 1946 to
achieve Pakistan. Hindu-Muslim riots took place in Calcutta.
Iron was unknown to the people of Indus Valley civilization.
In Carnatic region French and British East India Company clashed
for the first time.
Vinobha Bhave was the first person to start individual Satyagraha
in the year 1940. Jawaharlal Nehru was the second to launch the
same.
Lord Harding II was the viceroy of India when Bengal was reunited
in the year 1911. Same year capital was shifted from Calcutta to
Delhi.
Carbohydrates are the compounds consisting of Carbon, Hydrogen
and Oxygen.
Enzymes are made up of Proteins.
Enzyme is a catalyst. It promotes action without direct
involvement. Substrate is a substance up on which enzyme acts.
There are 23 pairs of chromosomes and total 46 present in a
human body cell. Out of these 23 pairs one pair determines the
sex. This pair is called sex chromosomes and others are called
autosomes.
If the pair contains identical chromosomes XX then the sex is
female. If it is XY the sex is male.
Human blood was classified into A, B, AB and O by K. Landsteiner.
Blood Group AB carries no antibody, where as O carries
antibody Anti-A and Anti-B. A carries antibody Anti-B and B
group carries Anti-A.
Deficiency of Iodine causes goiter. This is the enlargement of
thyroid.
Deficiency of protein leads to Kwashiorkor.
Deficiency of iron leads to Anemia.
Deficiency of sodium leads to Hyponatremia.
Deficiency of calcium leads to Rickets.
Deficiency of Vitamin A leads to Xerophthalmia/dry eye and Night
Blindness.
Deficiency of Vitamin B1 leads to Beriberi.
Deficiency of Vitamin B2 leads to Ariboflavinosis
Deficiency of Vitamin C leads to Scurvy.
Deficiency of Vitamin D leads to Rickets.
Oxygen is a product of Photosynthesis that comes from water.
Lactic acid is present in milk.
A bacterium contains only one chromosome.
A plant cell is differentiated from animal cell with the presence of
cell wall in plant cell.
Mitochondrion is considered to the power house of a cell.
Virus that infects a bacterium is called bacteriophage.
Oceansat-3 is planned for the year 2011-12.
Chandrayaan I: Moon Mineralogy Map per (M3) US supplied
instrument found water and Hydroxyl emanating from Moon.
Hydroxyl is 1 Hydrogen and 1 oxygen atoms.
Hyper-Spectral Imager (HySI) is an Indian instrument also
detected presence of water on the Moon.
Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the Worlds largest particle acceletor
set a record for high energy collisions by crashing 2 proton beams
into each other at 3 times more force than ever before. Collision
was conducted at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear
Research) Head quarters Geneva.
K-152 Nerpa (Akula-II) is a nuclear submarine inducted into the
army of Russia. This will be leased to India in 2010 for a period of
10 years and is commissioned as INS Chakra.
Agni III Indian long range missile of 3500 km was tested
successfully in Feb, 2010.
Agni I, II, III tested successfully.
Agni-V is planned for 2011. (Remember there is no Agni-IV).
K-15 missile is fitted to Arihant (Indias first indigenously
developed nuclear sub marine)
K-15 land version is Shourya.
Danush (Ship based anti-surface missile) is the naval version of
Prithvi. It was tested recently on March 11, 2011.
Prithvi was the first missile developed under Integrated Guided
Missile Development Programme. Prithvi-II was successfully
launched in October 2009.
Astra (Beyond-Visual-Range Air to Air) missile successfully
tested in Jan, 2010. Tested at Balasore, Orissa.
Astra is the smallest missile that is developed by DRDO.
UN Climate Change Conference was held in Cancun, Mexico from
November 29 to December 10, 2010. This is officially called COP
16. COP is Conference of the Parties. And also called CMP6 means
conference of the parties serving as the meeting of the parties to
Kyoto protocol.
COP 17/CMP7 will be held in Durban, South Africa from November
28 to December 9, 2011.
Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997 and came into force in 2005. It
imposes targets for emission reductions up to 2012 only on
developed nations.
BASIC (Brazil, South Africa, India and China) conference took
place in Beijing in November 2009.
Green India 2047 report is published annually by TERI (The
Energy and resources Institute) since 1995.
Miss Kerala is Indias most popular fresh water fish. It is also
called Red Line Torpedo Barb.
India has the target of generating 20000 MW power by 2020 thru
nuclear energy and 20,000 MW by 2022 through solar energy.
World Future Energy Summit was held in Jan, 2010 in Abu Dhabi.
The PRITZKER prize is the highest honor in architecture and is
regarded as equivalent to Nobel Prize. For the year 2010 it was
awarded to Japanese duo Kazuyo Seijma and Ryue Nishizawa.
1st census in India conducted in 1872 and the 14th census in the
year 2001. 2011 will be the 15th census.
1872 to 1931 caste based census was conducted. Government is
conducting the caste based census for the 1st time in
independent India during 2011.
19
th
Law Commission chairman is Venkata Rama Reddy.
MMTS stands for Multi Model Transport System.
DHMU stands for Diesel Hydraulic Multiple Unit.
Nuclear Security Summit (NSS) convened by Obama in
Washington on April 12, 2010. Next NSS will be South Korea in
the year 2012
IED: Improvised Explosive Devise
BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) Summit 2010 held in Brazil
and for the 2011 it will be in China.
SaaS (Software as a Service) is an application hosted on a remote
server and accessed through internet.
Indias first commercial solar power plant is Azure powers located
in Punjab. Inaugurated in 2009.
WIMAX (World wide interoperability for Microwave access) is a
telecommunication technology that provides wireless data in
various ways.
Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves
delivering hosted services through internet.
Bing, Wolframalpha, Kosmix, Cuil are the names of various search
engines.
Orkut, Face book, Twitter, My Space, LinkedIn are the names of
various Social networks.
Lord Wellesley established Fort William College in Calcutta in
1800.
Fort St.George is Madras was set up in Madras in 1812 by east
India Company.
Sulphuric Acid is the most important industrial chemical in the
world. A most commonly used strong acid.USA is the largest
producer of the same.
Satyajit ray and Latha Mangeshkar are the two persons who won
both Bharat Ratna and Dada Sahib Phalke awards.
369 parties contested in 15
th
Loksabha elections of 2009.
Three Gorges dam (China) is the largest Hydro Power plant in the
world. Capacity 22,500 MW.
Indian institute of science is located in Bangalore.
Sputnik I of Russia was the first earth orbiting satellite.(1957)
Vostok I of Russia- 1st manned earth orbiter with Yuri Gagarin
(1959).
Luna I of Russia was the first lunar fly. Luna II was the first lunar
impact.
PHALCON AWACS (Air borne warning and control system)
delivered to India by Israel. This is the radar surveillance
system.
INS Vikramaditya (Air craft Carrier) will be inducted into Indian
Navy by 2012. This will be delivered b Russia.

Rulers:
Peshwa Pune
Gaikwads Baroda
Bhonsle Nagpur
Holkars Indore
Sindhias Gwalior.


Article 243D of the Constitution provides that a minimum of one-
third of the total number of seats filled by direct elections in
Panchayat Raj shall be reserved for women. The reservation for
women is increased to 50% through the 110
th
amendment of the
Constitution
Article 243T of the Constitution provides that a minimum of one-
third of the total number of seats filled by direct elections in
every Municipality shall be reserved for women. The reservation
for women is increased to 50% through the 112
th
amendment of
the Constitution.
Justice YV Chandrachud was the longest serving CJI from February
22, 1978 to July 11, 1985.
K N Singh was the CJI for the shortest period of time from
November 25, 1991 to December 12, 1991.
During photosynthesis plants cool the environment by releasing
water through pores or stomata that present on the surface of
leaves.
The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion
developed by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini.
COBALT 60 is an artificial element. Its half life period is 5.27
years. It is produced by neutron activation of COBALT 59.
China started economic reforms in the year 1979 and India in the
year 1991
The Indian Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972. This also granted
permission to kill rogue animals.
Gir forest in Sourastra region of Gujarat is the home for Asiatic
lions.
When Aurobindo was arrested in the year 1908 by the British for
being the prime suspect in bomb outrage, C R Das fought his
case and Aurobindo was acquitted.
China was the 1
st
country to introduce paper currency. Cowries
shells were used by the Chinese as a medium of exchange.

TWO HEADS ARE BETTER THAN ONE.

Assam was called Kamrupa.
The Tomaras built the city of Dhillika (Delhi) in 736.
Alberuni (writer and scientist) and Firdausi (Poet) were present in
the court of Ghazani.
In the first battle of T