Bo co khoa hc:

B cng sut phn khng nng cao cht lng in

nng l-i in nng nghip
Tp ch KHKT Nng nghip, Tp 1, s 2/2003

142
B CNG SUT PHN KHNG NNG CAO CHT LNG IN
NNG LI IN NNG NGHIP
Reactive power compensation to raise electric quality in agricultural
distribution network
Nguyn Th Hin
1

summary
Calculating and choosing the place and compensation capacity based on scientific
installation is a practical and imperative problem in distributing and conducting
electricity.
This paper presents a method to determine optimal compensation places and capacity
of reactive power in distribution network. Nonlinear programming model was applied
(optimum the benefits every year), and the optimal solution was received by the iterative
procedure. The problem was programmed by Matlab algrothim.
Keywords: Compensation, reactive, optimum.

I
B mn in Nng nghip, Khoa C in
1. t vn
Nghin cu, xut phng php tnh
ton b ti u cng sut phn khng ph
hp vi li in phn phi sao cho va
m bo cht lng in p, va c tnh
kinh t ang l mt vn cn c quan
tm bi v trong thc t, vic lp t cc
thit b b cha mang li hiu qu kinh t;
dung lng v v tr t thit b b c
chn cha hp l nn khng nhng khng
ci thin c cht lng in m cn c
th lm tng tn hao, gy thit hi kinh t.
Vic tnh ton, la chn v tr v dung
lng b trn c s khoa hc l mt bi
ton c ngha thc tin v cp thit i
vi ngnh in ni ring v nn kinh t ni
chung.
Qua nghin cu, phn tch cc phng
php tnh b cng sut phn khng
(phng php b theo in p, cc tiu
hm chi ph tnh ton, cc tiu tn tht
cng sut tc dng, ... ) ca Nguyn Th



Hin (2002) cho thy: mi phng php
u c u, nhc im nht nh v thch
hp trong nhng iu kin tnh ton khc
nhau, cc m hnh c xy dng cha
mang ngha tng qut, ch p dng vi
mng in hnh tia n gin, cha xt ti
s phn b ngu nhin ca ph ti ...
M hnh b ti u cho php xc nh v
tr v dung lng t b sao cho t c
hiu qu kinh t ti a m vn m bo
cc iu kin k thut ca mng (in p,
dng cho php, ...)
2. xy dng M hnh ton hc
2.1. M hnh ton hc
Bi ton b ti u cng sut phn
khng l xc nh cng sut v v tr t
cc thit b b nhm mc tiu t hiu qu
kinh t cc i khi tho mn tt c cc
iu kin k thut trong ch lm vic
bnh thng ca mng in. Ch tiu hiu
B cng sut phn khng nng cao cht lng in nng


143
qu kinh t l cc chi ph quy i, cc yu
cu k thut, l cc hn ch v lch
in p, kh nng mang ti ca cc phn
t trong mng in v cng sut ca cc
thit b b.
a. Hm mc tiu

F = C

.DA - p. ) (
0
+
bj b j
Q k k max
(2.1)

Trong :
C

- gi 1 kWh tn tht in nng, ly
bng gi bn in trung bnh, (/ kWh);
DA - gim tn tht in nng so vi
trc khi t b, (kWh);
DA ph thuc vo cu trc li, th
ph ti cng sut phn khng, cu trc
trm b: s lng, v tr, ch vn hnh
t b.
p - h s c xc nh:
p = a
tc
+ k
vh
+ k
kh
(2.2)
Vi: a
tc
=
n
T
1
- h s thu hi vn u t
tiu chun;
T
n
- thi gian thu hi vn u t tiu
chun, (nm);
k
vh
, k
kh
- h s vn hnh v h s khu
hao thit b, thng ly theo phn trm
vn u t (bao gm c xy lp v thit
b). Vi li trung p: K
vh
= 7%, k
kh
= 3%
5% (Trn Quang Khnh, 2000)
k
oj
- thnh phn chi ph c nh ca
trm t b j, (ng /trm);
k
b
- gi n v cng sut t b, l hm
ph thuc cng sut b, l hm phi tuyn,
ri rc ca Q
b
, n gin ly k
b
= const;
Q
bj
- cng sut b ti trm th j,
(kVAr);
Theo L Vn t & cs (1999) c th
biu din hm mc tiu bng ma trn cu
trc [A] :

F = C

-

- p. ) (
0
+
bj b j
Q k k max (2.3)

b. Cc iu kin rng buc
+ iu kin cn bng cng sut phn
khng nt:
Tng cng sut phn khng ti mt nt
bt k trong mng in phi cn bng vi
tng cng sut phn khng i ra t nt

Q
i
= Q
tj
- Q
bj
+ ) (
k
k
k
Q Q +

(2.4)

Trong :
Q
i
- cng sut phn khng i ti nt j,
vi mng in h i = j;
Q
tj
- ph ti phn khng ti nt j,
(kVAr);

Tng k ly ng vi cc nhnh ni vi
nt j c hng cng sut i ra khi nt.
+ iu kin v cng sut pht ca t:
0 Q
bj
Q
bjmax
(2.5)
Q
bjmax
- cng sut b ti a ti nt
j, xc nh theo cng sut ph ti.
+ iu kin v cht lng in p
in p ti cc nt trong mng in
bt k ch lm vic no u phi nm
trong gii hn cho php:
V
cpd
% V
j
% V
cpt
% (2.6)
hay U
min
U
j
U
max
(2.7)
U
max
, U
min
- Gii hn cho php trn v
di ca in p, (kV);
i
n
i i
b i b i tt i
R
U
Q A Q A Q A

1
2
2
]) ][ ([ ] ][ ]).([ ][ ([ 2
Nguyn Th Hin

144
+ iu kin v dng in (kh nng ti
ca ng dy)
Sau khi t b, dng in chy qua
cc nhnh phi trong gii hn cho php,
ngha l:

I
i
I
cpi
(2.8)
I
cpi
- dng in cc i cho php chy
qua nhnh i, gi tr ny c xc nh theo
tit din dy dn ca mng in.
+ Cc iu kin lin quan n vn u t
(thi gian thu hi vn) s c xt n
nh mt iu kin quyt nh c nn
t b ti mt nt j no hay khng
(Nguyn Th Hin, 2002).
* Nhn xt: Qua s phn tch, so snh
ca Nguyn Th Hin (2002) v Vin
Nng lng (2000) cho thy phng php
b ti u vi hm mc tiu (2.1) v cc
rng buc (2.4) (2.7) t ra hp l hn c,
l s kt hp hi ho, cht ch gia li ch
kinh t vi cc ch tiu k thut, p ng
c thc tin ca li in phn phi
hin nay Vit Nam.
2. 2. Phng php tnh
M hnh vi hm mc tiu (2.3) v h
cc rng buc (2.4 2.8) l m hnh quy
hoch phi tuyn, a bin vi cc bin gin
on v cng sut ca cc thit b b (b
t) thay i ri rc nn vic la chn mt
phng php gii ph hp, c hiu qu l
vn quan trng v c ngha.
Qua phn tch, nh gi mt s phng
php tnh (Vin nng lng, 2000;
Nguyn Th Hin, 2002), phng php lp
nhiu bc t ra l phng php kh ph
hp i vi bi ton tnh ton dung lng
t b ti u, tuy mc hi t chm hn
so vi cc phng php s dng o hm
cp hai (Lagrange, Gradient ...) nhng u
im ni bt ca phng php l khng
i hi tnh chnh quy v lin tc ca hm
mc tiu, thut ton n gin, d p dng.
Tuy nhin, khi lng tnh ton ca
phng php ln, i hi phi c thc
hin trn my tnh.
2.3. p dng
Bi ton c lp trnh theo ngn ng
Matlab, p dng cho li in hnh 1, kt
qu tnh ton cho trong bng 1; Sau khi
b, lng in nng tit kim hng nm l
46114,5 kWh mang li 41,8 triu ng
cho ngnh in; Phng n i hi vn
u t: 156,3 triu ng.
3. nhn xt V kt lun
Trong iu kin ca mng in nng
nghip nc ta hin nay, vic tm ra mt
phng php tnh b cng sut phn
khng khoa hc l mt bi ton ht sc c
ngha, phng php tnh b ti u cng
sut phn khng da trn ch tiu ti a
cc tit kim m chng ti xy dng
khc phc c mt s nhc im ca
cc phng php tnh trc , c th:
Phng php c th p dng thun tin
i vi mt mng in h bt k, s liu
i hi khng nhiu, d thu thp.
Phng php v chng trnh tnh ton
cho php xem xt s nh hng ng thi
ca nhiu yu t kinh t - k thut, do
nng cao c chnh xc ca bi ton.
Vic xc nh th t u tin cc nt t
b v gim nh s bin (nt b) tu thuc
vo kh nng t v qun l vn hnh
(Nguyn Th Hin, 2002) lm n gin rt
nhiu qu trnh tnh ton m khng nh
hng n tnh ti u ca bi ton.
Phng php xut c th p dng c
hiu qu i vi cc li in trung p
khu vc nng nghip v cng c th m
rng phm vi ng dng i vi cc li
in phn phi khc.
145

B cng sut phn khng nng cao cht lng in nng


A
C
-
7
0




0
,
2







3






4










1
6








1
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2
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A
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3

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1
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1
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2


A
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3


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5
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5
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0
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A
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1


A
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0
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5


A
C
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0
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6


A
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7
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0
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8

A
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1
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1

A
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-
7
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0
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2
5


A
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7
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7
5


A
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7
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2
5

A
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7
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5
5

A
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7
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1
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1
5


A
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-
7
0



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2
5

A
C
-
7
0


1
,
1

A
C
-
7
0



1
,
1








4
0

3
8







3
9





A
C


A
C
-
5
0



0
,
1
2

2
1

1
9

0

1

2

5

1
1

1
0
9

8

7

1
7

1
5

1
3

1
2





2
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2
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3
4





2
8











3
2









A
C
-
7
0





0
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2
2




A
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0
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3
5

A
C
-
7
0




0
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3
2


A
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-
7
0




0
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2



A
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2

A
C
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0




0
,
7


A
C
-
3
5



0
,
0
1

A
C
-
3
5


0
,
4
6

A
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-
3
5



0
,
5
5


A
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-
3
5




0
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2

A
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-

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0


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7
2


A
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0
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3

A
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0



1
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3


A
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-
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0
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8

3
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3
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3
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2
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2
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H

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1
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S

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Nguyn Th Hin

146
Ti liu tham kho
Nguyn Th Hin (2002), B cng sut phn
khng nng cao cht lng in nng li
in phn phi, Lun vn Thc s Khoa
hc k thut, H Ni.
Trn Quang Khnh (2000), Quy hoch in
nng thn, Gio trnh i hc Nng nghip
I, H Ni.
L Vn t, Tng Thin T, Trn Vinh Tnh
(1999), nh gi hiu qu lp t thit b b
trong mng cung cp in, Tp ch Khoa hc
v Cng ngh cc trng i hc, (page 22).
Vin Nng lng (2000), Nghin cu thit
lp quy trnh b cng sut phn khng
nhm gim tn tht in nng trong li
phn phi, ti nghin cu khoa hc.

Bng 1. Kt qu tnh ton b ti u cng sut phn khng li in hnh 1
Nt Cng sut P
max
(kW)
cos U
trc
(%) U
sau
(%)
Q
b
(kVAr)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
0
0
154
85
0
156
80
188
0
153
70
148
0
358
296
115
0
80
0
126
0
264
0
292
0
0
126
144
0
225
295
164
70
154
125
153
144
200
135
526
0
0
0,85
0,80
0
0,80
0,75
0,80
0
0,85
0,80
0,78
0
0,82
0,80
0,70
0
0,85
0
0,70
0
0,85
0
0,80
0
0
0,80
0,80
0
0,70
0,80
0,85
0,70
0,85
0,85
0,80
0,80
0,80
0,80
0,70
-2,44
-2,69
-2,73
-2,91
-3,75
-3,76
-4,22
-4,36
-4,48
-4,51
-4,55
-4,91
-5,39
-5,58
--5,55
-3,12
-3,23
-3,25
-3,68
-3,72
-4,21
-4,21
-4,95
-5,07
-5,23
-5,49
-5,51
-5,51
-5,37
-5,87
-5,95
-6,03
-6,06
-5,38
-5,52
-5,63
-5,65
-1,37
-1,41
-1,45
-1,88
-2,13
-2,17
-2,35
-3,19
-3,21
-3,66
-3,80
-3,93
-3,95
-3,99
-4,35
-4,83
-5,00
-4,99
-2,30
-2,37
-2,39
-2,63
-2,67
-2,92
-2,92
-3,29
-3,40
-3,40
-3,66
-3,68
-3,68
-3,43
-3,48
-3,49
-3,51
-3,51
-3,44
-3,52
-3,57
3,58
1,37
1,41
1,45
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
260
260
120
80
0
0
130
130
0
0
0