.

2009
8- 9
Readi! "#$%&e'e(i#
Part 1.
Look at the statements about a holiday in Tasmania, an island off the south coast of Australia. Read the text
on the next page to decide if each statement is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, mark A on your answer
sheet. If it is incorrect, mark on your answer sheet.
! There are few traffic "ams in Tasmania.
#! There are se$eral buses e$ery day on most routes.
%! It is essential to reser$e accommodation in ad$ance.
&! There is a limit on the number of hotel tickets you can buy.
'! Ruby (otels are the cheapest.
)! Ta* (otel tickets can only be used in Ta* (otels.
+! The most attracti$e scenery you see on the second day is by Russell ,alls.
-! The third day is spent in the car.
.! There are good $iews of /radle 0ountain from the edges of 1o$e Lake.
2! The trip finishes where it started.
SEE TASMANIA!
Rich in an old world charm and with magnificent 3ational 4arks, Tasmania is well co$ered by a good road
network. Light traffic and wonderful $iews make dri$ing these roads a pleasure. Though the bus system is
reliable, on many routes ser$ices may only run once daily. 5o hire a car and see this beautiful and interesting
island at your own speed.
There is a $ariety of places to stay, and although booking is strongly ad$ised, particularly at peak holiday
times, it should not be too difficult to arrange things as you go, if you prefer. 6e sell you a set of Ta* (otel
4ass $ouchers and Tasmania is yours. The Ta* (otel 4ass offers the $isitor a simple and con$enient way to
stay anywhere in Australia. 7ach hotel ticket is paid for in ad$ance and is for one night8s accommodation.
There is no maximum or minimum number of hotel tickets you can buy, and we will gi$e you your money
back on unused tickets, less a small administrati$e charge. Ta* (otels are di$ided into simple color
categories with Ruby being the most basic and 1iamond representing the highest 9uality. 6e recommend
that you buy a mixture of tickets as we cannot gi$e you your money back if you use a higher $alue ticket
when staying at a lower $alue hotel. If you tra$el to an area where Ta* ha$e no hotels, then we will find other
reasonably:priced accommodation for you in exchange for your Ta* tickets.
)e&e i( *'e %+aed &#,*e -#& #,& '#+ida. i /a($aia0
1ay ; Arri$e (obart airport, pick up your car and spend some time in the capital, perhaps dri$ing up to the
<ld 5ignal 5tation on 0ount 3elson.
1ay #; 1ri$e through the 1erwent =alley, stopping at
Russell ,alls. Later the scenery becomes e$en more ama*ing as you pass Lake 5t /lair 3ational 4ark.
5pend the night in the fishing town of 5trahan.
1ay %; 6e take you on a half:day cruise from 5trahan on the famous >ordon Ri$er. Then set off for a
leisurely dri$e to /radle 0ountain 3ational 4ark.
1ay &; 7n"oy the wild beauty of the 4ark. >o fishing or horse:riding. <r walk around beautiful 1o$e Lake,
from where there are wonderful $iews of the mountain itself.
1ay '; 7xplore the fascinating country towns as you dri$e north and along the coast to Launceston,
Tasmania8s second largest city.
1ay ); A pleasant dri$e through peaceful countryside to (obart. <n route, you pass the charming towns of
Ross and <atlands. Return to the airport in time for your flight.
Part 2.
The people below all want to visit a museum in the Kington area. On the next page there are descriptions of
eight museums. Decide which museum (letters A-H would be most suitable for each person or famil!
(numbers ""-"#. $or each of these numbers mar% the correct letter on !our answer sheet.
! Tina is going to art college soon. 5he wants to spend an afternoon looking at some
modern art. 5he would like to ha$e lunch and buy some art books.
#! ?aren needs to buy a special present for a friend and wants to get her some "ewellery or
pottery made locally. 5he can only go shopping after fi$e o8clock in the e$ening.
%! 5tefan has "ust mo$ed to ?ington. (e would like to find out more about life in the area
o$er the last hundred years. (e is only free on 5aturdays.
&! >areth and 5ue want to spend 5unday outdoors. Their children want to learn about how
people used to li$e in the past. The family is looking for somewhere which has a
playground.
'! @ack is studying art and is particularly interested in the de$elopment of painting o$er the
last three hundred years. (e is free e$ery afternoon and would like to stop and ha$e a
snack in the museum.
Museums and gaer!es ar"und #!ngt"n
A. 0ost of the machines in this interesting museum are indoors but some of
the larger farming e9uipment is outside. A lot of the machines still work and
you can try using them. It is especially suitable for school groups and
families and is open 0onday to 5aturday from 2 a.m. till ) p.m.
$. This museum changes its exhibitions regularly. At the moment it is showing
paintings by local artists who all li$e in the area. The excellent bookshop
and cafe are abo$e the gallery. The cafe is open for lunch from # till #.%2
and the gallery and bookshop from till ) e$ery day.
%. The ?ington area was once $ery important industrially and this museum
tells the history of the local industries of shipbuilding and pottery. There is a
large car park at the front and a playground at the back. The museum is
open 0onday:,riday from 2:'.
&. All the exhibits in this attracti$e little museum were produced in the region
o$er the last 22 years. There is a good range of "ewellery, clothes and
pictures for sale all produced in ?ington. The museum is open Thursday:
5unday from # p.m. till . p.m. and the tearoom from # p.m. till ' p.m.
E. The best an collection in the area is here and there is a separate room for
each century, including a small one for twentieth:century paintings. There is
a shop selling posters, postcards and cards. The coffee shop is open for
lunch and afternoon tea from midday Tuesday:5aturday. (ie museum is
open from a.m. till + p.m. Tuesday:5aturday.
'. This museum shows family life in ?ington during the twentieth century.
There are rooms furnished exactly as they were in .#2, .&2 and I.)2, a
.#2s garage and two shops : a .'2s general store and a .%2s
"eweller8s. There is a large playground outside. <pen e$ery day from 2
a.m. till ) p.m.
(. There was a $illage on this site '22 years ago and it is now completely
rebuilt. Aou can walk around the fields and along the paths to see how
people li$ed and worked all those years ago. ThBCB is a car park and a large
playground. <pen e$ery day from . a.m. till '.%2 p.m.
). This museum is $ery small but is full of interesting ob"ects including
"ewellery, weapons, pottery, cooking e9uipment and other household items.
They were all found on an ancient site outside the town and they are all
o$er ,222 years old. The museum is open on 5aturdays and 5undays only.
1(e #- 2!+i('
Part 1.
&ead the text below and choose the correct word for each space. $or each 'uestion( mar% the letter next to
the correct word - )( *( + or D - on !our answer sheet.
EN(*IS) A+,-N& T)E .,+*&
7nglish is the first language of D2!..............people in countries outside the Enited ?ingdom.
6hen you D!..............speakers of 7nglish from around the world, you D#!..............notice
that they do not all speak in the same way. There are also some D%!..............in the words
they use, including the names of D&!..............ob"ects that are part of e$eryone8s daily life.
Fut although pronunciation and D'!..............are not the same e$erywhere, it is interesting
that 7nglish speakers D)!..............opposite sides of the world can understand D+!..............
other 9uite easily. It does not seem to D-!..............where they learnt the language. And of
course this is one reason why speakers of other languages are keen D.!..............learning
7nglish too. If you know 7nglish, you are more D2!..............to be able to study or work in
all
orts of exciting places, such as the Enited 5tates or Australia.

A recogni*e

/ meet 0 find & attend
#
A originally / strangely 0 curiously & immediately
%
A mistakes / corrections 0 changes & differences
&
A common / popular 0 fa$ourite & general
'
A reading / composition 0 dictation & $ocabulary
)
A of / in 0 from & at
+
A each / one 0 the & some
-
A mind / care 0 matter & worry
.
A by / on 0 to & for

2
A likely / probably 0 possibly & luckily
Part 2.
%1ange t1e 2""3!ng statements t" 4uest!"ns5
. (e ne$er does any work at all in the house. D1is"uncti$e!
#. 6e had to sit in the shade e$ery afternoon. D>eneral!
%. A long table stood ready prepared for the e$ening meal. DTo the sub"ect!
&. There was pride and "ealousy in his eyes. DAlternati$e!
'. A short sword hung perpendicularly by his side. D5pecial!
Part 6.
Here are some sentences about a restaurant. $or each 'uestion( finish the second sentence so that it
means the same as the first. The second sentence is started for !ou. ,rite onl! the missing words on !our
answer sheet. -ou ma! use this page for an! rough wor%.
E7am8e5 6e8$e got a new restaurant in our town.
There is a new restaurant in our town.
). The building was formerly a shoe shop.
T1e 9u!d!ng usedGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
+. I still ha$en8t been to it.
I 1a:en;t GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
-. 81o you want to go there for lunch tomorrowH8 asked 4hilip.
P1!!8 as<ed us GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
.. Fut I couldn8t accept his in$itation.
$ut I 3asn;t GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
#2. 0y lunch break is too short.
M= un>1 9rea< !sn;t GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
Part ?.
0atch the $erb on the left with a noun on the right. Ese each word once only. 6rite your
answers in the boxes.
#. broaden a. the blow
##. deaden b. your hair
#%. fasten c. your life
#&. sharpen d. your mind
#'. shorten e. the pain
#). soften f. a pencil
#+. straighten g. a relationship
#-. strengthen h. your seat belt
#.. sweeten i. a screw
%2. tighten
@.
the taste
34*i# 5e6i4e
+ead!ng %"m8re1ens!"n.
-se "2 Eng!s1
.art /.
11.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
12.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
16.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

1?.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

1A.@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
.art 0.
1B.
1C.
18.
19.
2D.
.art 1.
21.
22.
26.
2?.
1.
2.
6.
?.
A.
B.
C.
8.
9.
1D.
11.
12.
16.
1?.
1A.
.art ".
1.
2.
6.
?.
A.
B.
C.
8.
9.
1D.
2A.
2B.
2C.
28.
29.
6D.
EFGHI FJKLJM NOPJQI LF HRJSFKN ITN. 2DD9 RFM
1D- 11
Readi! "#$%&e'e(i#
Part 1.
You are going to read a magazine article about a sportsman who is a champion hurdler. Choose the most
suitable heading from the list (A-l) for each part (1-7) of the article. There is one extra heading which you do
not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0). Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
My Kind of Day
0
I
A A regular practice routine
Concern about the future
Not enough time in the day
D Doing better than ever
E nternational living
F !he daily routine varie"
G #ome and $or%
H mpatience "ometime"
$in"
I &hat eat
Sometimes I don't eat for a couple of days - it's a personal thing that's developed over the past few years. It seems to me that people
often eat out of habit, not because they're hungry. I'll often have low-fat yoghurt in the morning and sometimes turkey or pasta in the
evening.
1
ome is a four-bedroom detached house in !hoose in the "ale of #lamorgan, near $ardiff, where I was born. I also have a
condominium in %oronto, a flat in !ichmond, Surrey, where my sister Su&anne lives, and a house in 'lorida, which is where I train in
the winter. (y friend (ark (c)oy, the *lympic 110 metres hurdles champion, encouraged me to get a place in %oronto and I love it
there. It's where I'd like to end my days.
+
(y father *ssie, a retired sales supervisor, and my mum ,ngela, a nurse, live with me in !hoose but I have my own office where I
work for -uff !espect, the sports marketing and .! $ompany that I run with my friend /inford $hristie. %he name comes from a
street e0pression that kids often say to us, meaning congratulations1 our respect goes out to you.
2
I'm up about 3am and in training by 10am. (ost days in the summer, I go to $ardiff ,thletics Stadium with my hurdles partner .aul
#ray. 1 usually drive into $ardiff in my %oyota Supra, pick up .aul and go to the track. 4e put the hurdles up - glamorous life, isn't
it5 - do an hour of stretching e0ercises and get into the hurdles work.
6
urdling is a natural thing -1 think you have to be born with it. 7ou need to combine a runner's speed with a dancer's grace. #etting
technically more efficient is the only way to keep improving and I'm in e0cellent shape at the moment. I'm confident I can break my
110 metres hurdles world record this summer - in 8urich on 19 ,ugust, in :russels two days later or at the $ommonwealth #ames on
++ ,ugust. %here could even be three new world records in a week. %hen I'll be focusing on the ne0t *lympics.
;
In the afternoon I do some work for -uff !espect, using my computer and fa0 machine. I en<oy the work - after all, I'm the product
being marketed - but I have a severe problem with unprofessional people. =sually I'm >uite rela0ed, but I'll shout at those who waste
my time.
?
4hen the work's finished, I'll shower, change, ask my father what he's doing and maybe pick up (um from =niversity ospital.
/ater, I may drop into .aul's house and cook for him and his family. I cook whatever's there - it's the only artistic thing I do. :ut I
rarely eat it myself.
9
:ack home, I'll watch late-night television until I feel tired. I always go to sleep thinking about what the ne0t day holds. Sometimes it
seems like a circus, a fantasy world. ,ll I can do is run fast - is that a real kind of world5 It certainly won't last forever.
Part 2.
You are going to read the beginning of a short story. For questions '-1(, choose the answer ()* +* , or D)
which you think fits best according to the text. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
I lived with the (other in a large white house surrounded by tall trees. It was a long walk to the nearest
buildings as we were beyond the outskirts of town. It seems to me now that I would ask myself whether we
needed to live as we did, she in this lonely white house leading her life, me elsewhere in that same large
house, being me. er child. I suppose in all those years I may have asked myself that, and yet I suspect, in
reality, I scarcely gave it any thought.
*ne day, soon after my thirtieth birthday, (other told me that she had sold the house. She had found
somewhere else, she said. She did not mention where. I did not ask.
Shortly after, two very willing removal men arrived with an orange van which they promptly began loading
up with furniture and bo0es. (other directed them from the house. I stood outside underneath our tall trees
and watched, fascinated by the process. (any of the things which these strangers were steadily lifting up and
taking away had never been moved before in all my lifetime. Indeed, until that moment, I don't think it ever
occurred to me that these things could actually be moved. %he house and everything in it had seemed so
completely fi0ed. 4hen I saw that the van was nearly full I went indoors to find (other.
')eep anything you like,' she said to me. 'I've taken all I want.'
'%hank you@1 said.
%he new people should be here tomorrow.' She climbed into the van alongside the two men, the engine
started and they drove away.
-e0t day, as (other said they would, a couple came. %hey were obviously a bit annoyed to find me there. I
packed some necessities into a small brown leather suitcase that I did not know was still in the house until I
found it. I felt them watch me as I walked away down the path and along the road that eventually led to the
railway station.
It had been a long >uiet walk so I was surprised when I found the station busy with activity. I had e0pected to
sit for a while and calmly decide my ne0t course of action but a >uick glance round the station told me that
>ueuing for a ticket was the first thing for all newcomers to do -buying a cup of tea and trying to find a seat
on the platform the ne0t. %he >ueue was long and appeared to move forward only slowly. ,ll well and good,
I thought, taking my place behind a woman who was engaged in a fierce argument with her husband while
trying to keep several children in order.
'AveryoneB' he repeated sarcastically. %he husband looked angrily around and as I stood up he caught my eye.
I was now part of the argument against him.
'7es, everyone - so you might <ust as well make up your mind to en<oy yourself, arold@
% certainly willB' arold spat back. ',nd it won't be with you eitherB' he told his wife. It was all very public
and rather shocking.
'4here to5' %he family had reached the front of the >ueue.
'%wo and three halves, returns to SouthpoolC, the woman declared. arold was called upon to pay. %his he
did by counting out the money as slowly as it is possible to count out money. %he >ueue heaved impatiently.
'4here to5'
'SouthpoolD, I said without a moment's hesitation.
'*ne way, or are you coming back5' he asked.
'*ne way@1 said. I was almost surprised when he handed me the ticket. 4hen I had paid, I had half an hour to
wait and enough money for a cup of tea. Euring that half hour, I reckoned it like thisF ,ll these people going
to the seaside would be eating teas in little cafes along the sea front. *ther people would be employed to
serve those teas. %he train was packed. 1 was lucky and managed to s>uee&e myself on to a seat. I did not see
arold and his family again.
7 8'e *'e a,*'#& 9a( a 4'i+d: '#9 did ('e -ee+ a;#,* 'e& $#*'e&<( 4#+de((=
A 5he wished her mother were different.
5he didn8t let it bother her.
I 5he tried to change their li$es.
1 5he wondered if she was really her mother.
9 8'a* d#e( <i*< i +ie >> &e-e& *#=
A the way she treated her mother
the town
I the way they li$ed
1 the house
>0 )#9 did *'e a,*'#& -ee+ 9'e ('e 9a*4'ed *'ei& *'i!( !#i! i*# *'e 6a=
A surprised at how easily their home was taken apart
worried about what was going to happen
I glad her mother was going
1 concerned that the men should do their "ob properly
>> /'e a,*'#& 9a( (*i++ i *'e '#,(e 9'e *'e e9 %e#%+e 4a$e ;e4a,(e ('e
A didn8t want to go with her mother.
hadn8t arranged to lea$e until the day after her mother.
I hadn8t made any plans.
1 didn8t want to lea$e the house.
>2 8'. did ('e ;,. a *i4?e* a( (## a( ('e !#* *# *'e (*a*i#=
A because there was nowhere to sit down
because she was in a hurry to catch her train
I because that was what e$eryone else was doing
1 because she wanted to get away from the crowd
>@ 8'. did ('e di(a%%&#6e #- *'e -a$i+.=
A because they did not ha$e much money
because the children were badly beha$ed
I because they did not speak to her
1 because they were arguing in front of other people
>A 8'. did ('e -ee+ ('e 'ad 4'#(e *'e &i!'* %+a4e *# !#=
A because she hadn8t been to 5outhpool before
because she thought she could get a "ob in 5outhpool
I because she was looking forward to ha$ing tea by the sea
1 because she couldn8t afford to go further
1(e #- 2!+i('
Part 1.
For questions 1-1-* read the text below and decide which answer ! +* , or D best fits each space. There is
an example at the beginning (0). Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
0 A ever . then C al"o D yet
*,,# ,N T)E $+I()T SI&E
1o you D2!.... wish you were more optimistic, someone who always D!.... to be
successfulH (a$ing someone around who always D#!.... the worst isn8t really a lot of
D%!.... : we all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says, 8It
looks D&!.... rain.8 Fut if you catch yourself thinking such things, it8s important to do
something D'!.... it.
Aou can change your $iew of life, D)!.... to psychologists. It only takes a little effort,
and you8ll find life more rewarding as a D+!.....<ptimism, they say, is partly about
self:respect and confidence but it8s also a more positi$e way of looking at life and
all it has to D-!.....<ptimists are more D.! .... to start new pro"ects and are
generally more prepared to take risks.
Epbringing is ob$iously $ery important informing your D2!.... to the world. 5ome
people are brought up to D!.... too much on others and grow up fore$er blaming
other people when anything D#! .... wrong. 0ost optimists, on the D%! .... hand,
ha$e been brought up not to D&! .... failure as the end of the world : they "ust D'!....
with their li$es.
Part 2.
For questions "#$%&! read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space! 'se only one word
in each space. There is an example at the beginning (&). *rite your word on the separate answer sheet.
1 A counted e/pected felt D $aited
0 A $orrie" care" fear" D doubt"
1 A amu"ement play en2oyment D fun
( A "o to for D li%e
- A $ith again"t about D over
3 A 2udging according concerning D follo$ing
7 A re"ult rea"on purpo"e D product
' A "upply "ugge"t offer D propo"e
4 A po""ible li%ely hopeful D $elcome
5 A opinion attitude vie$ D po"ition
11 A tru"t believe depend D hope
10 A goe" fall" come" D turn"
11 A oppo"ite ne/t other D far
1( A regard re"pect "uppo"e D thin%
1- A get up get on get out D get over
0
their
A BUSY FAMILY
n the front room of (0).... home* the #enry family gathered around their !6 "et (13) .... a
popular "oap opera began. 78oo%* there7" 9um:7 "houted 11-year-old ;athy* pointing (17)....
the "creen. 7<he7" "itting at that table (1').... the corner.7 <ure enough* there $a" =ulia
#enry* en2oying a rela/ed drin% in (14) .... of the country7" mo"t famou" !6 programme".
=ulia7" family "ee (00) .... unu"ual in her 2ob (01) .... a 7bit-part7 actor* or 7e/tra7* becau"e
they are all doing it. #er hu"band* !ony* (00).... been in "everal drama "erie" a" (01).... a"
numerou" advert"* $hile ;athy and her 11-year-old brother* >obin* have al"o appeared
(0().... !6 countle"" time".
t all "tarted four year" (0-) .... $hen !ony* an amateur actor from 8anca"hire* decided to
leave hi" 2ob and ta%e (03).... acting profe""ionally. At the age of (1* it $a" a big "tep to
ta%e* but he ha" (07).... regret" about it at all. <oon the $hole family $ere being offered
chance" to play "mall part" 2u"t li%e him* though !ony admit" there are time" $hen he
$i"he" he (0').... a "tar. 7&e really en2oy our live"*7 "ay" !ony* 7although it i" difficult to
(04).... plan". A couple of phone call" can turn our $ee% up"ide do$n* but $e love (10)....
minute of it:7
Part 6.
For questions %"$+,! read the text below and look carefully at each line. -ome of the lines are correct! and
some ha.e a word which should not be there. /f a line is correct! put a tick by the number on the separate
answer sheet /f a line has a word which should not be there! write the word on the separate answer sheet.
There are two examples at the beginning (& and &&).
2
22 with
A DIFFERENCE OF OPINION
D
A mu"ician friend of mine once $ent on an ?ngli"h cour"e during hi"
D
D
"ummer holiday". &hat he really $anted to do $a" to improve $ith hi"
6
1
ability to thin% and react @uic%ly and correctly in the "po%en ?ngli"h.
6
2
#e "aid "pea%ing in a foreign language al$ay" made him nervou"* even if
6
6
after three year" of "tudy. t turned out "o that one of the teacher" on the
6
?
cour"e had very "trong vie$" on mu"ic* and $a" not afraid to e/pre""
6
A
them in the le""on". #e claimed that mu"ic it $a" a drug* 2u"t li%e alcohol
6
or cigarette"* and people $ho could not live through their live" $ithout it
B
6
C
$ere to be pitied. &hatever $a" the "ub2ect of the le""on* the teacher
6
8
al$ay" managed to include in "ome reference to thi" idea. Aou can
6
9
imagine that my friend $a" not very impre""ed. n the end* he lo"t hi"
?
D
temper* and "pent mo"t of the remaining le""on" for arguing about mu"ic
?
1
and it" role in people7" live". &hen hi" cour"e had fini"hed* he came
?
2
home "till being angry about the e/perience. #o$ever* $hether he
?
6
ha" en2oyed the cour"e or not* my friend had to admit that the teacher7"
?
?
techni@ue had $or%ed ever "ince hi" nervou"ne"" in ?ngli"h had completely
?
A
di"appeared and he $a" "pea%ing far more fluently than before.
Part ?.
For questions +#$,,! read the text below. 'se the word gi.en in capitals at the end of each line to form a
word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (&). *rite your word on the
separate answer sheet.
HE HISORY OF OYS
0
existence
&hen did the fir"t toy" come into (0) .... and $hat led to their
((3) .... B Did they repre"ent an attempt by adult" to ma%e children

happy* or did they ari"e from the variou" playful ((7) .... of children

them"elve"B A" everyone %no$"* the young ((') .... copy the
((4) .... of their elder"* and* in their play* they often adopt ob2ect"
u"ed by adult" for entirely different purpo"e". !he"e ob2ect" (-0)....

the child7" (-1).... and lead to game" in $hich everyday article" often

play unu"ual and (-0).... role".

t i" rather "urpri"ing that for an (-1) .... of the origin of toy"* $e
cannot turn to fol% "torie". #o$ever* no traditional tale (-().... to the

origin of toy" e/i"t"* and "o our (--).... i" re"tricted to archaeological
"tudy and limited evidence from document".
A>t!"n &e:!>e
E!IS
DE"ELOP
ACI"E
FRE#UEN
BEHA"E
COURAGE
IMAGINE
E!PEC
E!PLAIN
RELAE
KNO$
+ead!ng -se "2 Eng!s1

>
2
@
A
B
C
D
7
9
>
0
>
>
>
2
>
@
>
A