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........................................................................................................... 7
2. ............................................................................................................................. 8
3. ........................................................................................................ 10
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1.
1.1. -
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.

. ,
, , ,

(, 2013).
,
: , , ,
. 140
(, 1992).

4-26 .
: 1)
(CnH2n+2) , 2) (CnH2n)
, 3) (CnHn)
, 4) (
500).

(, et al., 2004).
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,
,
:
( ): ,
( , ).

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,
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. ( , 2002) ( , 2005)

(, et al., 2004).

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, (92.5%)
, ,

(, et al., 2004).
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. ,

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. ,
, ,

. ,

'
.
, '
.
.

, )

(, 2013).
,

1,
12%

.
1: : (International Petroleum
Industry Environmental Conservation Association, 2000)

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1.3.

,
.
, ,
:

, (spreading,
evaporation, dispersion). ,
12
,

.

40% 4
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.

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,
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,
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,
(chemical bio-degradation and sedimentation).
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,
.


( & , 1988).
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.
, ,
, .. , ,
.


. ,


(, 1988).

1: . : (International Tanker Owners Pollution

Federation, 2009)

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1.4.


,
.


(Wang & Fingas, 2003) (, et al., 2004).

(GC),

/ (GC/MS),
(HPLC), (IR),

(SFC),

(TLC),

(UV) ,
(Wang & Fingas, 2003).
(GC).
( GC-MS),

(PAH )
(Wang & Fingas, 2003). ,
,

(Wang, et al., 1999).

MARPOLMON P (Marine Pollution
Monitoring System) no 13

(IOC Intergovernmental Oceanogaphic
Commission, 1984).

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2.
.
, .
.
,
. ,

(, 2008).


.
.
.

, ,
(,
et al., 2005).
,

,
(, 2000).
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, ,
,
(, et al., 2004).
,
,

.

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.

.

.
,

. ,

(Greenpeace
International, 2006).

. ,
.

2: Exxon Valdez. : (Wikimedia

Commons, n.d.)

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).
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. , ,
,
.
, Exxon Valdez ,
,
.
,
,


( & , 2000).

3.

.
:

.
.

(, 2010) (, 2005)..

. .
:
1. Booming and Skimming:

.
.

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2. :
.
.
3. : .

.
.
4. :
.

.
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.

.

6. :
,
.

(, 2010) (,
2005)..

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.
.

:
1. :
,


.



.
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.
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.
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(, 2010) (,
2005).

,
,
.
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(secondary
treatment options) .
"

" (Office of Technology Assessment, 1991).



.
:
o (bioaugmentation),

,
o (biostimulation),

, /
(..
(surf-washing),
, ..) (, 2010) (, 2005).
:
o

o
o ,
o
o

o
o

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o .
:
o

o

o

o
(, 2010).

(CleanMag)

,

.
.
, ,
6 10 .
,
,

, .
:

,
. CleanMag ,
.
,

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30%, 20% - 30%

(, 2013) (, n.d.).

4.

(, et al., 2004)
(, 2013) (International Petroleum Industry
Environmental Conservation Association, 2000).

. (..
)
.
, .

.

.
,
, URS New
Zealand ltd. (Risk Assessment Plan)
(Maritime Safety Authority of
New Zealand).
(URS ew ealand, 2004)

. ,

.

,
.
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,
, ,
.

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5.
Greenpeace International, 2006. .
[]
Available at: http://www.greenpeace.org/greece/Global/greece/report/2006/8/591349.pdf
[ 3 5 2014].
International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association, 2000. A guide to
contingency planning for oil spills on water. IPIECA REPORT SERIES, Volume 2.
International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation, 2009. TOPF Handbook 2009/10 The
International Tanker Owner Pollution Federation Limited. s.l.:s.n.
IOC Intergovernmental Oceanogaphic Commission, 1984. Manual for Monitoring Oil and
Dissolved/Dispersed Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Marine Waters and on Beaches, Procedures
for the Petroleum Component of the IOC Monitoring System (MARPOLMON P). Manuals
and Guides, pp. 1-20.
Office of Technology Assessment, 1991. Bioremediation of Marine Oil Spills: An Analysis of
Oil Spill Response Technologies. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
URS ew ealand, 2004. Risk Assessment Plan, s.l.: URS ew ealand.
Wang, Z. & Fingas, M., 2003. Development of oil hydrocarbon fingerprinting and
identification techniques. Marine Pollution Bulletin, Issue 47, p. 423452.
Wang, Z., Fingas, M. & Page, D., 1999. Oil spill identification. Journal of Chromatography A.
Wikimedia Commons, n.d. Birds killed as a result of oil from the Exxon Valdez spill. Photo
courtesy of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. [Online]
Available at:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/EVOSWEB_013_oiled_bird3.
jpg/320px-EVOSWEB_013_oiled_bird3.jpg
[Accessed 3 5 2014].
, 2002. . 3054/2002 ( 230 ') -
. s.l.: .
, 2005. . 3423/2005 - ( 304 ') -
. s.l.: .

17 18
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, . ., 2004. .
50/4 . : .
, ., 2000. , . ' . :
Gutenberg.
, . . ., 2008. :
. : ,
.
, ., , ., , . & , . ., 2005.
. : .
, ., 2013. :
. Chania: ,
.
, . ., 2010. :
. : , .
, ., n.d. CleanMag - Oil Spill Technology. []
Available at: http://www.cleanmag.gr
[ 3 5 2014].
, ., 2005. :

. :
, .
, ., 1992. :
. : .
, ., 1988. - ,
, . : & .
, . & , ., 2000. . []
Available at: http://www.tovima.gr/relatedarticles/article/?aid=125760
[ 3 5 2014].
, . & , ., 1988. . : University
Studio Press.

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