1

:
2

:
3.
= {0,1,2,3,}
+ 110 20. ;

:
= {,-2,-1,0,1,2,}.
2. A
,
,
= 3 + 3 , = 2 + 2 .

*
: = {/= , }.

: {x/ x
}.
.
: {1,3,5,} {2+1/ }.
: {0,2,4,} {2/ }.

+=+

.=.

+(+)=(+)+

.(.)=(.).

.(+)=.+.

+0=

()
()

+(-)=0

.1=

1
. =1,

, : = 5-6-2(+-1)=2-,
.
= :
H
5-6-2-2+2)=2- 5-5-2-2=0 -2-2=0
5-6-2(+-1)=2-
-2(+)=0 +=0
.

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

1. ,, : ++ 3.
2. -23 .
1. ,, : =+1 =+2
: ++=+(+1)+(+2)=3+3=3(+1)=3 ( =+1)
++ 3.
2. -23 . -23=, .

-23= =+23 , :

- 23 .
+ 23

=
+ = +

=
. = .

.0=0
.(-1)=-

=
=
. = ., 0

.=0 =0 =0
().=-.

.0 0 0

().(-)=.

(+)=--

=
, 0

. .
=
, . 0

.

1
1 1
= . , . 0
.

.
. =
, . 0
.

1
: :=. , 0

I

(. 0)
= . = .



= =
(.. 0)



+
= = =
[.( + ) 0]

+

= =
(.. 0)



+ +
=
=
(. 0)

+ +
=
=
(. 0, , )

- -

, : =

, ,, .

, .
, .

,, 3,2,1 : -+2=6,
, .

(1)
,, 3,2,1 : = =
3 2 1
-
2
: =
=
2 -2
1
2
.
- 2 - + 2 - +2 =6 6
(1) : =
=
=
=
= 2.
3 -2 2
3-2+2
3

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

: -=+(-)

= 2 = 3.2 = 6
3
-
=
= 2 = 2.2 = 4
2 -2

2
=
= 2 = 1.2 = 2
1 2

*+ , +* : =

*+ x x x > 0.

2.
= +
: = -
( ) =

( ) =

) =

( ) - =

2
(-) = 2
(-) 2+1 = - 2+1
(

3.
= =
x+y=0 (x=0 y=0)
, : .10 , 1 || < 10 .

: (x-1)2 +(y-3)2 = 0.

(x - 1)2 = 0
x - 1 = 0
x = 1

2
2
(x - 1) + (y - 3) = 0


(y - 3)2 = 0

y - 3 = 0
y = 3

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

1.
+* : = . ( ), >1
1
* * : = 1 - =

()=2+ ( : +=(+)-2)
-=(+)(-)
(++)= +++2+2+2
=(+)( 2+)=()3()
()=3+3
(+)=+4+6+4+

-=(-)( -1+-2++-2+-1)
+=(+)( -1--2+--2+-1), ( )
1
++---= [(-)+(-)+(-)]
2
++-3=(++)(++---)=

1
(++)[(-)+(-)+(-)]
2

++-3, ++=0 == (Euler)

1. : (x-2)3+(6-2x)3+(x-4)3=0
:
(x-2)+(6-2x)+(x-4)=x-2+6-2x+x-4=0
( ++=0 3+3+3=3 Euler)
:
x - 2 = 0
x = 2
x = 2

3(x-2).(6-2x).(x-4)=0 6 - 2x = 0 2x = 6 x = 3

x = 4
x - 4 = 0
x = 4

x
x
x
2. : 9 -2.6 +4
9x-2.6x+4x =(32)x-2.(2.3)x+(22)x = (3x)2-2.2x.3x+(2x)2 = (3x-2x)2

,
.
-
. :
.
.

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

(-)=-5+10-10+5-

. ( )
3
+

+ =
0

+ 3 +
3 = 3

++ =0

+ =-
(+)3 =(-)3
3+32+32+3=-3
3+3+3 =-3(+)
3+3+3 =-3(-)
3+3+3=3

,
,
.

.
, -
=2+1 , .

2
2
2
+ 2
: = (2+1) =2( 2

)+1=2+1, .

2 . ( )
() 2 .

.
.

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

. ( )
2

:
.
.
: = 2 = 2 (, ).
+=

+ = 2 + 2 = 2( + ) = 2 , + .

: .

: = 2 = 2 + 1 ( ).
22 +=

= 2(2 + 1) = 4 + 2 = 2(2 + ) = 2 , .
2

: = 2 + 1 = 2 + 2 ( ).

= (2 + 1)(2 + 2) = 4 + 6 + 2 = 2(2 + 3 + 1)
2

22 +3+1=

2 ,

-1
1

.
.
: =

, :
0
0
0

1 ,

1
- 0
( - 1)( + 1) 0

-1
A - {-1, 0, 1}.

( - 1)

-1
-1
= 2
=
=
1
-1
( - 1) ( + 1) + 1

0 .
=

:
2

1

. = 1 = 1
= 1 2 = 2 + 2 + 1 = ().

2
+1
2

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

. 4 - 1 .
4 - 1 = , .
, 4 - 1 = 4 = + 1 =

+1
4

+1
. '
4
. , 4 - 1 .

x, y, z 1, 2,3 .
( )
x y z 3x 2y
-2z 3x 2y -2z 3x + 2y - 2z (1) 20
= = =
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
= 20
1 2 3 1.3 2.2 -2.3
3
4
-6
3+4-6
1

x
1 = 20
x = 20

= 20 y = 40 E : 3x + 2y - 2z = 3.20 + 2.40 - 2.60 = 60 + 80 - 120 = 20.

2
z = 60

z
3 = 20

:
A = 25 x - 2 15 x + 9 x
B = ( - ) 3 + ( - ) 3 + ( - ) 3
: (x + 2) 3 + (4x - 12) 3 + (10 - 5x) 3 = 0
E
= 25x - 2 15x + 9x = (52 )x - 2 (5 3)x + (32 ) x = (5x )2 - 2 5x 3x + (3x )2 = (5x - 3x )2
( : ( - )2 = 2 - 2 + 2 , = 5x , = 3x )
: ( - ) + ( - ) + ( - ) = - + - + - = 0,
B = ( - )3 + ( - )3 + ( - )3 = 3( - )( - )( - )
( : x + y + z = 0 x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz)
E
(x + 2)3 + (4x - 12)3 + (10 - 5x)3 = 0 ( x + 2 + 4x - 12 + 10 - 5x = 0)
x + 2 = 0
x = -2

3(x + 2)(4x - 12)(10 - 5x) = 0 4x - 12 = 0 x = 3

10 - 5x = 0
x = 2

3
3
3
( : x + y + z = 0 x + y + z = 3xyz)

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

3x + 2y - 2z = 20 (1), x, y, z.

4 2 + 1 - 1 3,
.
: - = -1 + -2 + ... + -2 + -1 (1)

(1)

42 +1 - 1 = 42 +1 - 12 +1 =(4 - 1)(42 + 42-1.1 + ... + 4.12 -1 + 12 ) =

2
= 3 (4
+ 42-1.1
+
... + 4.12-1 + 12

) = 3
( )

42 +1 - 1 3.

, .

x(x - 2) 0 x 0 x 2

x2 -1
x 2 - 2x
=

x(x - 2)
(x - 1)(x + 1)

(x - 1)(x + 2) 0 x 1 x -2

x2 - 1
x2 - 2x
(x - 1)(x + 1) x(x - 2)

= 1, , .
x(x - 2) (x - 1)(x + 1)
x(x - 2) (x - 1)(x + 1)

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

x =

AYT
:

.

.
.

.
, :
= 1.

2.

x, y, z o 2, 3, 4 .
.

3 - 6 .

.
:
A = 16x + 2 12x + 9x
B = (2 - )3 + (2 - )3 + (2 - )3, + + = 0

: x + y + z = 0
x 3 + y 3 + z 3 = 3xyz

= ( - 3)3 + (3 - 2)3 + (4 - 5)3, + 3 + 4 = 10 ( + ) 2 = 2 + 2 + 2

:
(3x - 10)3 + (4 - x)3 + (6 - 2x)3 = 0
27x3 + (x + 4)3 = 64(1 + x)3

5 +1 - 1
4, .

z = y, :
= x-3y+4z = y-x-2z .

.
:
+=0

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

: =
-1

.
-

: 2+1
: 2
:
: 2-1, 2+1, 2+3
: 2-2, 2, 2+2

10

, -
(- > 0).
: >
.
-

> > , > .

> , : > .
>

> 0 : >
>

< 0 : > < .

> > , : + > + .
> > , : . > . (,,, ).
, * , : > >

1. +=6 : . 9

+=6 =6- (1)

2+2 18

(1)

. 9 (6-) 9 6-2 9 2-6+9 0 (-3)2 0 , .

(1)

2+2 18 2+(6-)2 18 2+36-12+2 18 2+36-12+2-18 0

22+18-12 0 2(2-6+9) 0 (2-6+9) 0 (-3)2 0 , .
( - ) 2
2
2
2. : = -+ =
.
2
, .

( - )2
22 - 2 + 22 - 2 + 2 - 2 2 + 2
2
2
- = -+ =
=
0
2
2
2
, - 0
: = = 0.

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

, -
(- < 0).
: <
.
-

11

xx
.
.
( , )

[ , ]

<x<

( , )

<x

( , ]

x<

[ , )

[ , + )

<x

( , + )

(- ,]

x<

(- ,)

(- , )

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

12

:
2

2 + 2 +

2
2
2 + 2 + 2 + 3 2( + + )

+ 2, > 0 > 0


2

2 + 2 + 2 + 3 2( + + ) 2 + 2 + 2 + 3 2 + 2 + 2
(2 - 2 + 1) + (2 - 2 + 1) + (2 - 2 + 1) 0
( - 1)2 + ( - 1)2 + ( - 1)2 0 , .

>0

+ 2 . + . 2. 2 + 2 2 2 + 2 - 2 0 ( - )2 0,
>0

2 + 2 = 2 2 + 2 = 4, : + 3
1 4 2 3,

2 - 2
;

:
2
( - ) 0

2
( - ) 0

2
2
- 2 + 0 (+) 2
- 2 + 2 + 2 - 2 + 2 0
2
2
- 2 + 0

2 + 2 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2( + ) 2 + 4 + 3

1 4 1 2 16 (1)
2 3 4 2 9 -9 -2 -4 (2)
(1) + (2) , : - 8 2 - 2 12 (3)

1 1
1 1
1 (4)
4
4
1 1 1
1 1 1
2 3
(5)
2 3
3 2
1
1
1
(6)
(4).(5) , :

12 2
-8 2 - 2 12
2 2 - 2
(3).(6) , :
6

-
12

2
3

1 4 1

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

2 + 2 +
2 + 2 2 + 2 + 2

42 + 42 22 + 22 + 4

2
2
2
4

2
2
2 + 2 - 4 0 2(2 + 2 - 2) 0 2( + )2 0 , .

13

:
( + )2
- +
4
2

1

4 4 + 4
+

< 1, > 1 > 1

1 +
2

x2 + y2 = 1 z2 + 2 = 5, :
1 2 3 4, :
+

2 + 2

+
<
4
3
,, > 0, :
2+1 2
(2+1)(2+1)(2+1) 8

A 3 < : <

:
2 - 4 +5 > 0
2 +6 +11 > 0
>> :
(-)(-)(-) < 0

: (-)2= 2-2 + 2
(-)2 0
.

...

....

...

...
...

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

xz + y 3

.
, .

14

:

||=
-

0
< 0

2 =||, |-|=||, | v |=||v , ||2=2

||
||=||.|| | |=
0
||

|||-||| || ||+||
||<|| <

||+||=0 =0 =0
> 0 :

1. |x| < - < x <

2. |x| > x < - x >

x =

|x|= x = 0

> 0
= 0
< 0

(,0) (0,) xx d(,)=|a-|.

> 0 |x|< - < x <

x|< |x|2<2 x2<2 x2-2<0 (x+)(x-)<0 (x-< x+)
x + > 0
x > -

- < x <

x - < 0
x <
> 0 |x| > x < - x >
|x|> |x|2> 2 x2> 2 x2-2> 0 (x+)(x-)>0
x + < 0
x + > 0
x < -
x > -

x < - x >

x - < 0
x - > 0
x <
x >
|+| ||+||
|+| ||+|| |+|2 (||+||)2 (+)2 ||2+2||||+||2
2+2+2 2+2||+2 2|| 2 || .
: , .

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

|| 0, .
-|| ||

15

x0 > 0, :
| x - x0 | < x (x0 - , x0 + ) x0 - < x < x0 +
x |x - x0 | <
(x0 - , x0 + ) x0 .

d(x,x )

x -
x
x
x -

x'
x

x0 = 0, : | x | < x (-, ) - < x <

d(x,x )

x x -
x
x -

x'
x

x0 = 0, : | x | > x < - x >

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

x0 > 0, :
| x - x0 | > x (- , x0 - )U (x0 + ,+ ) x < x0 - x > x0 +
x | x - x0 | > (x)
x'x ' (x0 ) .

16

:
+
|<1
1 +
| - 1 | < 2 | - 2 | < 3, : | - | < 6
| | < 1 | | < 1, : |

| |< 1

| |< 1

2
2
2
2
| | < 1
< 1
- 1 < 0

2 2 2
2
| | < 1
< 1
1 - > 0

(1)

2
( + ) < (1 + ) + + 2 < 1 + 2 + 2 +
- 1 - 22 < 0

2 2

2 (1 - 2 ) - (1 - 2 ) < 0 (1 - 2 )(2 - 1) < 0, (1).

| - 1 |< 2
-2 < - 1 < 2
-2 + 1 < - 1 + 1 < 2 + 1
-1 < < 3

-3 < - 2 < 3
-3 + 2 < - 2 + 2 < 3 + 2
-1 < < 5
| - 2 |< 3
4< 6
-1 < < 3
-1 < < 3 (+)
6
<

<
4

- 6 < - < 6 | - | < 6.

1 > - > -5
-5 < - < 1
:
= 3 | - | + 5 | - | - | + 2 | + | 2 - |, > > 0.
, :
| - 5 |= 5 - | 2 - 3 |= 2 - 3.

> - > 0

< - < 0

(+)
> 0
> 0 (+)
> 0
> 0

+ 2 > 0

2 - > 0

> 0
2 > 0
>
- > 0
, :
= 3( - ) + 5[-( - )] - ( + 2) + (2 - ) = 3 - 3 - 5 + 5 - - 2 + 2 - = 9 - 11

< 5
3
| - 5 |= 5 -
- 5 < 0

<5

3 2
2 - 3 0
| 2 - 3 |= 2 - 3
2

: 2, 3 4.

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

+
| +|
<1
< 1 | + |<| 1 + | | + |2 <| 1 + |2
1 +
| 1 + |

17

:

0, :
+
2

| 2 - 1 | 1 | + 1 | 2, :
| - | 4

:
| 1 - | + | 1 - |=| - |, < 1 < .

| 3 - 7 |= 3 - 7 | 2 - 8 |= 8 - 2.

||
|=
0

| |

...


...

...

...

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

| 1 - | + | 2 - | + | 3 - |= 6 + | + + |,
< < < 0.
, :

: |

18

,
x x =.
x
: x = x = ,x 0 *+ .

( ) =

0 0

. =

. =

. =

: 3 - 2 2
2

3 - 2 2 = 1 + 2 - 2 2 = 12 + 2 - 2.1. 2 = (1 - 2)2 =| 1 - 2 |= 2 - 1

: 7 45 - 3 125 - 6 5

2 .3 4 .6 32

7 45 - 3 125 - 6 5 = 7 9.5 - 3 25.5 - 6 5 = 7 9 5 - 3 25 5 - 6 5 =

= 7.3. 5 - 3.5. 5 - 6 5 = 21 5 - 15 5 - 6 5 = 0
...(2, 3, 6) = 6,

2 .3 4 .6 32 = 6 23 . 6 42 6 32 = 6 23 . 6 24 6 25 = 6 23.24.25 = 6 212 = 6 (22 )6 = 22 = 4

:
1
3- 2

3- 2

3+ 2
3+ 2

3+ 2
( 3 - 2)( 3 + 2)

1
3- 2
3+ 2
( 3)2 - ( 2)2

= 3+ 2

:
4

2 3 2 2 = 2 3 2.22 = 2 6 23 =

4 6

23 2 2

2326 = 24 2326 = 6.4 2326 = 4 8

3+ 2
=
1

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

19

:
= 8 + 3 5 - 2 3 - 2 2 - 45 + 2 .3 4 .6 32

8 = 4.2 = 4. 2 = 2 2
3 - 2 2 = 2 + 1 - 2 2 = ( 2)2 + 12 - 2.1. 2 = ( 2 - 1)2 =| 2 - 1 |=
= 2 - 1, 2 > 1
45 = 9.5 = 9. 5 = 3 5

= 2 2 + 3 5 - 2( 2 - 1) - 3 5 + 4 = 2 2 - 2 2 + 2 + 4 = 6

x :
= 5- | x - 2 | + 3 | x | -x
N , , :
= 54535 5
:
2 +1

5 -1

, :
5- | x - 2 | 0
| x - 2 | 5
-5 x - 2 5

| x | x, x
| x | -x 0
| x | x
- 5 + 2 x - 2 + 2 5 + 2 -3 x 7

4

5 4 5 3 5 5 = 5 5 3 5.52 = 5 4 5 6 53 = 5 4 6 53.56 = 524 59

:

2 + 1 > 5 - 1 (1)

5 > 2 5 > 2
(1)
2 +1 > 5 -1

5 - 2 > 0 (2)
(2)

5 - 2 < 2 ( 5 - 2)2 < 22 5 - 2 5. 2 + 2 < 4

2 10 > 3 (2 10)2 > 32 4.10 > 9 40 > 9, .

2 +1 >

5 -1

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

2. 3 4. 6 32 = 2. 3 22 . 6 25 = 6 23 . 6 24 . 6 25 = 6 23.24.25 = 6 212 = 6 (22 )6 = 4

20

:
3
2
2
=
=
= 3
6
5 - 3
5 - 33
35

=

3
6

35

3. 6 3
6

35 . 6 3

36 3
6

35.3

36 3
6

36

36 3 6
= 3
3

5- 3

2 ( 5 + 3)
( 5 - 3) ( 5 + 3)

=
=

2( 5 + 3)
( 5) - ( 3)
2

2( 5 + 3)
=
5-3

2( 5 + 3)
= 5+ 3
2

2
3

5 - 33

2 ( 3 5)2 + 3 5. 3 3 + ( 3 3)2

( 5 - 3) ( 5) + 5. 3 + ( 3)
3

2 ( 3 5)2 + 3 5. 3 3 + ( 3 3)2
( 5) - ( 3)
3

2 ( 3 5)2 + 3 5. 3 3 + ( 3 3)2
2

= 2 (
=(

5)2 + 3 5. 3 3 + ( 3 3)2
5-3

5)2 + 3 5. 3 3 + ( 3 3)2 = 3 25 + 3 15 + 3 9

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

21

:
= ( 117 - 7 + 48)( 63 - 48)
= ( 3 24 - 5 3 81 + 2 3 375) 3 3
= (4 32 - 5 72 + 3 40) : 8

M
...

...

= 24 3 - 3 3 + 3
= 14 + 6 5 - 14 - 6 5
= 3 20 - 14 2 + 3 20 + 14 2

= | x - 1 | + | x - 2 | -4
N , , :
3

= 5 38 3 3

= 5 5 25 25 5

:
2 +3

2 - 2

=
=

+
-
3

= ...
...

3 +2

:
=

...
:

-
3

=
=

2
4

0, 0016

1- 2
1+ 2
1
3

7 - 36

,
-1
, =
2
.
-1
+ 1 + - 1
=
.
+1 - -1
3
= 3
4 -1

: http://drmaths58.blogspot.com/

x :