B GIO DC V O TO

I HC NNG


L TH CC


NGHIN CU CHIT TCH
AXT HYDROXYCITRIC T L, V QU BA
BNG DUNG DCH KIM


Chuyn ngnh : Ho Hu c
M s : 60.44.27



TM TT LUN VN THC S KHOA HC




Nng, Nm 2013

Cng trnh c hon thnh ti
I HC NNG



Ngi hng dn khoa hc: GS.TS. O HNG CNG


Phn bin 1: PGS.TS. TRN TH X



Phn bin 2: TS. BI XUN VNG


Lun vn c bo v ti Hi ng chm Lun vn tt nghip Thc s
khoa hc hp ti i hc Nng vo ngy 31 thng 5 nm 2013




* C th tm hiu lun vn ti :
- Trung tm Thng tin - Hc liu, i hc Nng
- Th vin trng i hc S phm, i hc Nng.

1
M U
1. L do chn ti
Trn th gii vic nghin cu cy ba c ch trng t lu,
tnh n nay c rt nhiu cng trnh, nhiu ti nghin cu v cy
ba bao gm gm cc lnh vc khc nhau: nh chit tch, xc nh
thnh phn ha hc ca hp cht hu c, ng dng trong cng ngh
thc phm, cng ngh dc phm, c bit l cc ch phm gim bo.
Bnh bo ph khng ch nh hng n lao ng, sinh hot,
thm m m cn nguy hi nht nh n sc kho. Ngi trung nin
v ln tui b bo ph s d mc cc bnh nh: huyt p cao, bnh
mch vnh, tiu ng, bnh Gout, tai bin mch no, si ti mt
Bo ph l bnh do m tch lu qu nhiu trong c th lm thay i
chc nng sinh l, sinh ho ca c th.
Cy ba l mt loi cy d trng, pht trin tt , cho nng xut
cao c hu ht trn a bn Min Trung, Ty Nguyn v trn th gii
cng c rt nhiu loi ba.Ngi Vit nam ta dng l ba lm mn n,
dng v b cha bnh ngoi da, bp non nhai n cha bnh ng
thai
HCA c chit t v qu ba c tc dng ngn chn qu trnh
tch ly m, ci thin bilance trong mu, km hm qu trnh chuyn
ha lng ng tha trong c th thnh m, gip ngn chn qu
trnh bo ph. Ngoi ra, HCA cn ci thin gim cc loi m xu. Bn
cnh , HCA lm tng nng serotonin c vai tr kim sot s
thm n, lm tng qu trnh t hp glycogen v tng oxi ha, t
chy m thaDng lng t do ca HCA c xu hng khng n
nh, d b lacton ha nn vic tng hp mui i t HCA c
nghin cu nhm lm tng s n nh v hot tnh sinh hc ca HCA.

2
Lowenstein m t cc mui ca HCA da trn cc kim loi kim,
kim th nh: kali, natri, canxi, cc mui ny d hp thu vo c th
con ngi v tng cng hiu qu gim cn. V vy vic to ra c
mui kim ca HCA cn c nng cao cht lng v hiu sut, v
cng cha thy cng trnh no nghin cu chit tch HCA bng cch
dng trc tip dung mi kim, vi cch ny c th ta s thu lng
HCA c hm lng cao hn.
Vi nhng l do trn m ti chn ti: Nghin cu chit tch
HCA trong l, v qu ba bng dung dch kim .
2. Mc ch nghin cu
- Kho st qu trnh chit tch axit hidroxycytric t v qu ba
bng dung dch kim to mui.
- So snh hiu sut chit HCA bng dung dch kim v dung mi
nc s dng trc dy.
- ng gp thm nhng thng tin, t liu khoa hc v cy ba,
to c s khoa hc ban u cho cc nghin cu su v ng dng ca axit
hidroxycytric .
3. i tng nghin cu v phm vi nghin cu
3.1. i tng nghin cu
V qu, l ca cy ba (Garcinia oblongifolia Champ. Ex Benth.)
ti x Bnh Hi v Bnh Ho, huyn Bnh Sn, tnh Qung Ngi.
3.2. Phm vi nghin cu
- Chit tch axit hidroxycytric bng phng php chng ninh
bng dung mi kim. Kim tra sn phm chit bng phng php
chun axit-baz, ph hng ngoi (IR) v phng php sc k lng
hiu nng cao (HPLC).
- Kho st nh hng ca cc yu t: Nng kim, t l rn

3
lng, nhit , thi gian chng ninh ti hiu sut qu trnh chit tch
axit HCA bng dung dch kim gm KOH v NaOH.
- So snh cng ngh chit tch axit trong dung dch kim v dung
mi nc v hiu sut.

Hnh 1.1. Qu, l , hoa ca ba
4. Phng php nghin cu
4.1. Nghin cu l thuyt
Phng php nghin cu cc hp cht thin nhin, tng quan cc
ti liu v c im hnh thi thc vt, thnh phn ho hc, ng dng
ca mt s loi thc vt thuc h ba Clusiaceae.
4.2. Phng php thc nghim
Phng php chit tch: Phng php chit chng ninh s dng
dung dch l kim (KOH, NaOH)
Phng php phn tch cng c: Phng php sc k lng hiu
nng cao (HPLC), phng php quang ph hp th nguyn t (AAS),
phng php o ph hng ngoi (IR).
5. ngha khoa hc v tnh thc tin ca ti
T cc nghin cu trn, ti thu c mt s kt qu vi
ngha nh sau:
- Xy dng quy trnh chit tch axit hidroxycytric to mui t
dung dch kim t v qu ba kh.

4
- So snh hiu sut chit axit gia phng php dung dch l kim
v phng php s dng trc rt ra phng php no hiu
qu hn.
- Cung cp cc thng tin khoa hc v thnh phn v cu to ca
mui kalixihydroxycitrat v natrixihydroxycitrat.
- Lm c s d liu ng dng mui kalihydroxycitrat trong thc
t.
6. Cu trc ca lun vn
Lun vn gm phn m u, kt lun, kin ngh, ti liu tham
kho. Ni dung ca lun vn chia lm ba chng nh sau:
Chng 1: Tng quan
Chng 2: Nguyn liu v phng php nghin cu
Chng 3: Kt qu v tho lun.
CHNG 1
TNG QUAN TI
1.1. MT S LOI BA VIT NAM V TH GII
c im , phn b cy ba:
nc ta c cc loi ba nh: Ba nh, Tai chua, Ba mi, Ba
ng, Buaws m vng. Mt s loi ba khc n nh: Garcinia
cambogia; Garcinia indica; Garcinia atro Viridis.
1.2. GII THIU AXIT HYDROXYCITRIC (HCA)
1.2.1. Ngun gc HCA
HCA c tm thy trong v qu ca mt vi loi ba, bao gm
tai chua (G. cowa), G. cambogia, G. indica v G. atroViridis. Cc nh
ny mc nhiu ti lc a n v pha ty Sri Lanka.
1.2.2. Ha hc ca HCA
a. S khm ph HCA

5
b. Chit tch
c. nh lng HCA
d. Dn xut ca axit hydroxy citric
1.2.3. Tc dng ca HCA
1.3. CC PHNG PHP K THUT 3,7.
1.3.1. Phng php trng lng
1.3.2. Phng php quang ph hp th nguyn t (AAS)
1.3.3. Phng php chng ninh
1.3.4. Phng php sc k lng cao p (HPLC)
a. C s l thuyt ca phng php sc k
b. C s l thuyt ca sc k lng cao p
1.3.5. Phng php chun axit baz

CHNG 2
NGUYN LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
2.1. THIT B - DNG C - HA CHT
2.2. NGUYN LIU
2.2.1. iu tra s b cy ba: l, qu ba c hi t x Bnh
H, huyn Bnh Sn- Qung Ngi.
2.2.2.Thu nguyn liu
2.2.3. X l nguyn liu
2.3. XC NH TNH CHT VT L
Ngyuyn liu c kim tra m, hm lng tro bng phng
php trng lng.
Cc ch phm HCK, HCNa sau chit tch, c c c kim tra
bng sc k lng cao p; quang ph hp ph nguyn t; cng hng
t ht nhn, ph hng ngoi IR.

6
2.4. PHNG PHP HA L
S dng phng php chit tch HCA t l, v qu ba: chit
chng ninh bng dung mi kim theo cc yu t nng , t l rn
lng, nhit , thi gian . Tng lng axit trong dung dch chit c
xc nh phng php chun .
2.5. S QUY TRNH THC NGHIM




















Kho st
cc yu t
C lc
Dch c c
o ph PHLC o ph IR, ph cng
hng ht nhn
Xc nh hm lng
axit
Xc nh cu trc mui
HCK
Chng ninh bng dung
mi KOH,NaOH
-Nng
-Khi lng
-Nhit
-Thi gian
Dch chit
Dch lc
Xc nh m V qu da
X l nguyn liu
Nguyn liu sau khi
x l
o hm lng
tro
o thnh phn
kim loi nng
-Lm sch
-Hong kh
-Xay nh
Ty mu, dng cn
ty mu pectin

7
CHNG 3
KT QU V THO LUN
3.1. MT S TNH CHT VT L CA NGUYN LIU
3.1.1. Xc nh m ca nguyn liu
Hm lng nc trong l, v qu ba c xc nh bng phng
php trng lng v thu c kt qu: m trung bnh trong l ba
ti cao chim khong 70% khi lng l. m trung bnh trong v
qu ba ti cao chim khong 84% khi lng v.
3.1.2. Xc nh hm lng tro
Hm lng tro trong v ba thp, chim 3,4 % khi lng v
ba kh, chng t lng cht v c v kim loi nng trong khng
nhiu. Hm lng tro trung bnh trong l qu ba kh l 1,42%. Hm
lng tro rt thp v chim khong 1,4% khi lng l ba kh, t hn
so vi v ba kh, nn lng cht v c v kim loi nng trong t.
Thnh phn kim loi nng trong l v qu ba thpnn t tiu chun
v v sinh i vi lng thc, thc phm .C th s dng v qu ba
lm thc phm hoc dc phm m khng nh hng n sc khe
con ngi.
3.2. NGHIN CU CHIT TCH HCA TRONG V BA
KH BNG DUNG DCH KIM
3.2.1. Dung dchKOH
a. Quy trnh chit tch
L, v ba kh xy mn c cho vo bnh cu th tch 500ml vi
200ml dung mi KOH chng ninh bng sinh hn hi lu, un thi
gian T(pht), nhit t
0
C. Sau lc phn b rn v dch chit bng
vi muslin. Tin hnh ty mu bng 5g than hot tnh ngm trong
nc m 30 pht, lc bng giy lc ra 2 ln vi 15 ml nc. Trn

8
dch lc v ra, c c ri ta pectin bng cn 96
0
, lc ta pectin. Bay
hi cn, c c dung dch v cn 50 ml ta thu c dch c, chia dch
c lm 2 phn. Phn 1 dng chun xc nh lng HCA ,
phn 2 em xc nh cng thc cu to axit HCA bng phng php
o ph IR v NMR, kim tra sn phm bng phng php o ph
HPLC.
b. Cc yu t nh hng
C 4 yu t nh hng n qu trnh chit tch m ta cn kho st
+ Nng kim ; Khi lng ba trong 1 lng dung mi ( t l
R/L ). Nhit ; Thi gian.
- Nng kim
Kho st u tin ta lm vi lng ba trung bnh l 20 gam, th
tch dung mi l 200 ml, nhit l 75
0
C, thi gian l 120 pht, yu
t nng KOH thay i. Mi trng trong dch sau x l s thay
i t axit n trung tnh, qua baz. Lng axit trong dch sau khi x
l s bin i t d t (vn mi trng axit) n khi kim d qua mi
trng trung tnh, th ta s chn gi tr KOH ti im . Ban u
chun lng axit d trong dch bng dung dch chun NaOH 0,1N
vi cht ch th l phenolphtalein, chun t khng mu n c mu
hng th dng. Mt khc ta c lng KOH phn ng ban u s suy ra
lng axit phn ng trong , cng 2 kt qu li ta c tng lng axit.
n gi tr KOH m ti mi trng ca dch thu c l baz, sau
khi o gi tr pH, tin hnh chun mu bng dung dch HCl chun
c nng l 0,1 N, chun 3 ln, ly gi tr trung bnh sau 3 ln
chun y, cht ch th l phenolphtalein, chun n khi no dung dch
t mu hng chuyn sang khng mu th dng, mi ln chun ly ra
5ml dung dch mu. T gi tr V
HCL
tiu tn ta suy ra lng KOH

9
tc dng tham gia to mui. Ta c
V
HCl
. C
HCL
= V
dung dch mu
. C
KOH d

ly lng KOH ban u tr i lng d s c lng phn ng, t
y ta li tnh ra gi tr tng lng axit trong v ba khi chit bng
lng dung mi kia. Kt qu xc nh tng lng axit trong v ba
bng dung mi KOH theo nng qua bng 3.4
Nhn xt :
+ Khi tng nng KOH tng dn th th tch chun HCl tng
dn tc lng d axit trong dch b gim dn, khi KOH t gi tr l
0,7M th mi trng baz, lc ny trong dch khng cn axit d .
+ Lng axit tng trung bnh l 24,95 % l tng i trung bnh,
tip tc ly gi tr nng l 0,7 M ny kho st yu t th 2 l t l
rn lng.
- Khi lng v qu ba trong 1 lng dung mi ( t l R/L) :
Sau khi kho st nng kim , ly gi tr lng KOH l 0,7 M,
khi lng ba lc ny l i lng thay i, vn tin hnh chng
ninh mu vi lng th tch dung mi l 200 ml, nhit l 75
0
C ,
thi gian l 120 pht Sau khi x l theo cc bc trong s , mi
trng ca dch sau khi x l thu c l baz, chun lng KOH
d ri tnh ra lng KOH phn ng, t lng KOH phn ng tnh ra
tng lng axit .
Gi tr thch hp nht trong kho st ny l t l khong 25 gam
ba trn 200 ml dung mi, tng lng axit l 25,01g /100g.
- Nhit
Ta tip tc kho st yu t nhit , gi nguyn cc iu kin
khc nh khi lng ba, lng dung mi, thi gian chit. Tip tc
thu ly dch x l nh cc bc trn ri chun xem lng KOH d

10
bao nhiu rt ra iu kin chit c tng lng axit nhiu nht.
Vy nhit thch hp trong kho st ny l 75
0
C, tng lng axit l
25,02g/100g.
- Thi gian
Yu t sau nh hng n qu trnh chit axit l thi gian.Yu t
thi gian thay i, cn cc yu t cn li c dnh nh khi lng ba,
lng dung mi, nhit . Tin hnh chit tch v x l dch chit nh
theo quy trnh v chun trn, tnh ra tng lng axit d v so
snh cc thng s.
Lng axit thu c thi gian 150 pht l cao nht
(27,24g/100g).
KT LUN :
+ Sau khi kho st th rt ra iu kin thch hp chit HCA
trong dung dch kim KOH :
M= 25g, V KOH= 200ml, Nng l 0,7M, nhit 75
0
C , thi
gian l 150 pht
+ Nhit v thi gian c nh hng ng k n lng axit c
chit ra
3.2.2. Nghin cu xc nh lng HCA trong dung dch KOH
bng phng php o ph HPLC :
kim tra sn phm mui to thnh ta tin hnh kim tra sn
phm mui HCK thu c bng ph HPLC ri so snh vi ph HPLC
ca HCCa chun.
Kt qu o ph HPLC cho thy thi gian lu ca mui HCK
tng hp l 3,253 pht. So snh vi kt qu o HPLC ca HCCa
chun c thi gian lu l 3,247 pht. Do c th kt lun l lng
mui HCK nhiu trong v.

11
Tuy nhin, trn ph tng hp xut hin nhiu s pic nh. Nh
vy, ngoi lng ln HCK cn c ln cc tp cht khc. Hm lng
HCK trong mui tng hp c xc nh bng HPLC l 91,351%.

Hnh 3.1. Ph HPLC ca HCCa Hnh 3.2. Ph HPLC ca HCK
3.2.3. Dung dch NaOH
a. Quy trnh chit tch
Ging nh qui trnh chit tch HCA khi dng dung dch KOH,
dy ta ch thay KOH bng dung dch NaOH.
b. Cc yu t nh hng
Vn xt 4 yu t nh hng n qu trnh chit tch m ta cn
kho st:
+ Nng kim ; Khi lng ba trong 1 lng dung mi (t l
R/L); Nhit ; Thi gian
- Nng kim
Lt lng v qu ba 20 gam, th tch dung mi l 200 ml,
nhit l 75
0
C, thi gian l 120 pht, yu t nng NaOH thay
i.

Lng axit tng trung bnh khi chit trong dung dch NaOH la
22,06 gam ( t hn so vi KOH l 24,95 g)
+ iu kin nng thch hp trong kho st ny l nng 0,6

12
M, ly gi tr nng ny ta tip tc kho st cc yu t cn li.
- Khi lng ba trong 1 lng dung mi (t l R/L)
+ Sau khi kho st nng kim , ly gi tr lng NaOH l 0,6
M, khi lng ba lc ny l i lng thay i, vn tin hnh chng
ninh mu vi lng th tch dung mi l 200 ml, nhit l 75
0
C ,
thi gian l 120 pht. Gi tr thch hp nht trong kho st ny l t l
khong 25 gam ba trn 200 ml dung mi, tng lng axit l 23,01g
/100g.
- Nhit
Vy nhit thch hp trong kho st ny l 75
0
C , tng lng
axit l 23,03 g/100g.
- Thi gian
+ Thi gian c nh hng mnh ti lng axit chit c trong
cng lng dung mi v khi lng ba, thi gian chit cng lu th
lng axit thu c cng nhiu. Lng axit thu c thi gian 150
pht l cao nht (25,13g/100g). Nhng nu ngm lu hn na th
lng axit khng thay i l bao nhiu.
Kt lun chung:
+ Sau khi kho st th rt ra iu kin thch hp chit HCA
trong dung dch kim NaOH :m= 25g, VKOH= 200ml, Nng l
0,6M, nhit 75
0
C, thi gian l 150 pht
3.2.4. Nghin cu xc nh lng HCA trong v ba bng
dung dch NaOH bng phng php o ph HPLC
kim tra sn phm mui to thnh ta tin hnh kim tra sn
phm mui HCNa thu c bng ph HPLC ri so snh vi ph
HPLC ca HCCa chun.

13

Hnh 3.3. Ph HPLC ca HCNa
Nhn xt:
Kt qu o ph HPLC cho thy thi gian lu ca mui HCNa
tng hp l 3,255 pht. So snh vi kt qu o HPLC ca HCCa
chun c thi gian lu l 3,247 pht. Do c th kt lun l kng
mui HCNa khng nhiu bng mui HCK.Tuy nhin, trn ph
tng hp xut hin nhiu s pic nh chng t cn c ln cc tp khc.
Hm lng HCNa trong mui tng hp c xc nh bng HPLC
l 85.33%.
3.3. XC NH CU TRC HCK
3.3.1. Xc nh cu trc HCK bng phng php o ph
hng ngoi IR
V hnh dng ph IR ca mui HCK v HCCa chun tng t
nhau. Nh vy, c s b th kt lun mui c to thnh c cu trc
tng t vi mui chun ca axit(-)-hydroxy xitric.M lng axit tn
ti trong dch l dng mui


14

Hnh 3.6. Ph IR ca HCCa chun. Hnh 3.7. Ph IR ca HCK
3.3.2. Xc nh cu trc HCK bng ph cng hng t ht
nhn
xc nh cu trc chi tit ca sn phm mui HCK to thnh ta
tin hnh o ph cng hng t ht nhn
1
H- NMR v C
13
- NMR ca
HCK.

HO C COOK
H
C COOK HO
C
H
H COOK

Hnh 3.8. Cu trc mui Kali ca HCA
Ph C
13
- NMR ca mui HCK c th hin hnh 3.9 trn c 03
pic ti 42,249;76,416;78,859 kt qu tng ng ca methylene
cacbon(C-5), methylene cacbon(C-1), v cacbon bc 4(C-3) trong
mui HCK. Cc pic ti 177,951;180,073 l ca cacbonyl cacbon(C-2;
C-4 v C-6) ca 03 nhm cacboxylat trong mui HCK.


15

Hnh 3.9. Ph C
13
- NMR ca mui HCK

Hnh 3.10. Ph
1
H- NMR ca mui HCK
Kt qu kim tra ph ph C
13
- NMR v
1
H- NMR cho thy sn
phm mui HCK iu ch c c cng thc cu to ph hp vi
cng thc mui kali nh d on ban u hnh 3.8.
3.4. NGHIN CU CHIT TCH HCA TRONG L BA KH
BNG DUNG DCH KIM
3.4.1. Dung dch KOH
a. Quy trnh chit tch : Ging nh quy trnh chit tch phn
v qu. Ta ch dng nguyn liu l kh, xy mn.
b. Cc yu t nh hng

16
C 4 yu t nh hng n qu trnh chit tch m ta cn kho st
+ Nng kim ; Khi lng ba trong 1 lng dung mi ( t l
R/L ); Nhit ; Thi gian
- Nng kim :
Lng axit tng trung bnh l 3,21 % l tng i thp, so vi v
ba th lng nng cn thit a mi trng chuyn t mi
trng axit sang kim yu l thp hn so v ba.Vy to kho st ny
th nng KOH 0,3 M l thch hp.
- Khi lng l ba trong 1 lng dung mi ( t l R/L)
Gi tr thch hp nht trong kho st ny l t l khong 25 gam
ba trn 200 ml dung mi, tng lng axit vn thp, l 3,32 g/100g.
- Nhit
Ta tip tc kho st yu t nhit , gi nguyn cc iu kin
khc nh khi lng ba.Vy nhit thch hp trong kho st ny l
75
0
C , tng lng axit l 3,30 g/100g.
- Thi gian
Lng axit thu c thi gian 150 pht l cao nht ( 3,65
g/100g). Nhng nu ngm lu hn na th lng axit khng thay i
l my m thm ch cn b gim
Kt lun:
+ Sau khi kho st th rt ra iu kin thch hp chit HCA
trong l ba bng dung mi kim KOH : M= 25 g, V KOH= 200 ml,
Nng l 0,3M, nhit 75
0
C , thi gian l 150 pht
+ Nhit v thi gian c nh hng ng k n lng axit
c chit ra.
3.4.2. Dung dch NaOH
a. Quy trnh chit tch :

17
Tng t nh trn, v cng xt 4 yu t nh hng n qu trnh
chit tch m ta cn kho st: Nng kim; Khi lng ba trong 1
lng dung mi (t l R/L); Nhit ; Thi gian.
- Nng kim :
Lng axit tng trung bnh khi chit trong dung mi NaOH l
2,15 gam (t hn so vi KOH l 24,95g)
- Khi lng ba trong 1 lng dung mi (t l R/L) :
Gi tr thch hp nht trong kho st ny l t l khong 25gam
ba trn 200ml dung mi, tng lng axit l 2,98g/100g. y l lng
gi tr thp.
- Nhit :
Nhit thch hp trong kho st ny l 85
0
C, tng lng axit l
3,12 g/100g.
- Thi gian :
Lng axit thu c thi gian150 pht l cao nht (3,36
g/100g).
Kt lun :
Sau khi kho st th rt ra iu kin thch hp chit HCA t l
trong dung mi kim NaOH :
m= 25g, V NaOH= 200ml, Nng l 0,4M, nhit 85
0
C , thi
gian l 150 pht
Nhit v thi gian c nh hng ng k n lng axit c
chit ra, v iu kin c bn l ging vi dung mi KOH.
3.4.3. Nghin cu xc nh lng HCA trong dung mi kim
bng phng php o ph HPLC
kim tra sn phm mui to thnh ta tin hnh kim tra sn
phm mui HCK thu c bng ph HPLC ri so snh vi ph HPLC

18
ca (-)-HCCa chun.
Kt qu kim tra bng ph HPLC th hin hnh 3.11 v hnh
3.12.

Hnh 3.11. Ph HPLC HCK chit t l
Nhn xt:
Kt qu o ph HPLC cho thy thi gian lu ca mui HCK ca
l ba tng hp l 3,235 pht. So snh vi kt qu o HPLC ca
HCK chun c thi gian lu l 3,247 pht. Do c th kt lun l
l ba vn c hm lng HCA nhng rt t.


Hnh 3.12. Ph HPLC HCNa chit t l

19
3.5. SO SNH HIU QU 2 PHNG PHP CHIT BNG
DUNG DCH KIM V DUNG MI NC
3.5.1. So snh tng lng axit trong v ba bng phng
php chit trong dung mi kim v nc qua tng khi lng
Tin hnh chit tch axit trong 2 loi dung mi vi cc yu t c
bn nh nhau sau : khi lng ba l 25 g, nhit l 75
0
C, thi gian
l 150 pht, th tch dung mi l 200ml, i vi dung mi l kim th
nng l 0,7 M.
Bng 3.24. Tng lng axit chit trong cc loi dung mi
vi iu kin kho st
Dung mi Tng lng axit thu c (g/100g)
KOH 27,24
NaOH 25,13
Nc 18,89
Nhn xt :
- Trong cng mt iu kin tin hnh chit tch th dung mi
nc cho ra tng lng axit t nht (18,89 g/100g), cn dung mi
KOH cho ra lng axit l cao nht (27,24 g/100g ), gia NaOH v
KOH th dung mi KOH cho ra lng axit cao hn
3.5.2. So snh lng axit HCA trong v ba qua phng
php chit trong dung dch kim v nc qua hiu sut
Bng 3.25. Tng lng axit HCA chit trong cc loi dung mi
vi iu kin kho st
Dung mi Hm lng HCA (g/100g) Hiu sut ( %)
KOH 24,83 91,16
NaOH 21,44 85,33
Nc 16,09 85,18

20
Nhn xt :
Hiu sut ca phng php chit bng dung mi KOH l cao nht
, cho ra lng axit HCA l 24,83 g/100g. K tip l dung mi NaOH
vi lng axit l 21,44 g/100g, thp nht l dung mi nc vi lng
axit l 16,09g/100g
Kt qu trn cho thy kh nng tng tc chit axit trong dung
mi kim cao hn so vi dung mi nc cng iu kin chit tch,
trong 2 dung mi kim th dung mi KOH tng tc tt hn dung mi
NaOH.
3.6. So snh lng axit HCA ca l v ca v qu qua phng
php chit trong dung dch kim v nc qua hiu sut :
Lng axit HCA chit c bng dung mi kim vn cao hn so
vi dung mi nc d l chit vi v ba hay l ba.Trong 2 dung
mi kim th dung mi KOH cho ra hiu sut cao hn NaOH.
Hiu sut khi chit vi l ba thp hn nhiu so vi v ba l do
hm lng axit khc nhau gia l v v cng s tng tc gia cc
cu t vi dung mi trong qu trnh chit.
Bng 3.26. Tng lng axit HCA chit trong cc loi dung mi
vi iu kin kho st
Loi mu Dung mi
Lng HCA
(g/100g)
Hiu sut (%)

V ba
KOH 24,83 91,16
NaOH 21,44 85,33
Nc 16,09 85,18

L ba
KOH 1,83 50,01
NaOH 1,57 47,00
Nc 1,48 30,03

21
3.6.1. So snh cc ch tiu v cng ngh chit tch HCA trong
dung mi kim v dung mi nc
a. i vi dung dch kim
+ Nhc im :
1. Phng php ny ph hp l chng ninh bng bp cch thy
vi lng ln, hn ch dng ni p sut v c th dung mi kim lm
bo mn h hi dng c.
2. Dung mi pha ch ng nng , gi n nh mi trng pH t
8-8,7, mi trng kim yu nn phc tp hn dung mi nc.
3. V dung mi ngay ban u l kim nn s phn ng vi ht cc
lng axit trong nn quy trnh chit tch v tinh ch thu c axit
c kt qu sau cng c th s t tinh khit hn do c ln mui ca cc
axit trong ba.
+ u im :
1. Lng axit v lng mui chit ra c nhiu hn do tng tc
cc dung mi kim vi ba, nn hiu sut chung to mui s cao hn so
vi dung mi l nc.
2. V c s tng tc mnh gia dung mi v axit trong ba tng
i mnh nn thi gian chit c th rt ngn hn so vi dung mi
nc.
b. i vi dung mi nc
+ Nhc im :
1. Hiu sut thp hn hn so vi phng php dng dung mi l
kim.
2. Thi gian chit cng ko di hn mi chit c ht lng axit
trong ba.

22
+ u im :
1. V dung mi l nc nn c th dng phng php chng ninh
vi cc dng c khc nhau nh ni p sut, bp cch thy...
2. Dung mi nc t tp cht hn.
3.6.2 . Kt lun
Mi phng php u c nhng hn ch v u im nht nh,
trong sn xut nn c bin php dung ha v hiu sut ln tinh
khit cho ra sn phm tt hn.

23
KT LUN V KIN NGH
Kt lun
Trong ti nghin cu chng ti thu c mt s kt qu nh
sau:
1/ m trung bnh trong l chim 70%, trong v qu ba kh:
84,34 %, Hm lng trot rung bnh trong l 1,42%, v qu ba
kh:1,4 % .
Thnh phn kim loi nng gm
2/ chit tch thnh cng HCA trong ba bng dung dch KOH
vi iu kin :
- V ba kh : 25 g, nng KOH l 0,7M , th tch dung mi l
200 ml, nhit l 75
0
C,thi gian l 150 pht, hiu sut l 91,16 %.
- L ba kh : 25 g, nng KOH l 0,3M , th tch dung mi l
200 ml, nhit l 75
0
C, thi gian l 150 pht, hiu sut l 50,01 %.
Bng dung mi NaOH vi iu kin :
- V ba kh : 25 g, nng KOH l 0,6M , th tch dung mi l
200 ml, nhit l 75
0
C, thi gian l 150 pht, hiu sut l 85,33 %.
- L ba kh : 25 g, nng KOH l 0,4M , th tch dung mi l
200 ml, nhit l 85
0
C,thi gian l 150 pht, hiu sut l 47,00 %.
3/ xc nh c mui HCK to thnh bng ph hng ngoi
(IR), NMR, xc nh hm lng mui bng sc k lng cao p
(HPLC) . Hm lng mui HCK trong sn phm v qu chuyn ho
l 91,16% ng vi thi gian lu l 3,91 pht, trong l l 50,03%.
Kin ngh
1/ Axit(-)-HCA c tnh nng chng bo ph hiu qu c cung
cp ch yu di dng cc mui. V vy, chng ta nn tip tc nghin
cu theo hng iu ch v ng dng cc mui ca (-)-HCA dng

24
mui kp tng hiu qu trong sn xut dc liu hay thc phm
chc nng vi mc ch gim cn.
2/ Nghin cu xy dng quy trnh chit tch (-)-HCA t v qu
ba theo quy m cng nghip sn xut thc phm gim cn cha
(-)- HCA ti Vit Nam.