Modals

1. Same form (I, he, she, you,...)

Exs: I must go.
He must go. NOT He must goes.
2. Modals are alays folloed !y the "#$E %&f%&%t%'e.
Exs: 'er! (do) (#*TI+E) (,#SSI+E)
,res. S%m-le may do may !e do&e
,res. *o&t%&. may !e do%&g may !e !e%&g do&e
,res. ,erfe.t may ha'e do&e may ha'e !ee& do&e
,res. ,erf. *o&t. may ha'e !ee& do%&g may ha'e !ee& !e%&g do&e
/. 0ou .a&1t ha'e to modals together.
He must .a&... "2T He must !e a!le to...
3. Modals are -rese&t %& mea&%&g.
Ex: may 4 -ro!a!%l%ty 4 o-%&%o&
may 5 I th%&6 %t IS -oss%!le that...
He may !e late for the meet%&g.
My mother may !e do%&g her .rossords.
-rese&t mea&%&g
7. ,rese&t8 future8-ast9
Ex: : I1ll do %t. (offer, you1ll do %t &o)
: I1ll !e %& ;o&do& o& Su&day.
: *ould 5 as a!le to
: ould 5 used to
<. Mea&%&g: modal 'er!s ha'e to mea&%&gs, h%.h are .om-letely d%ffere&t:
a) ,red%.t%o&s !ased o& -erso&al ex-er%e&.e !) $ole8relat%o&sh%- %th
aud%e&.e8o!=e.t
(O,INIONS)
> %ll 5 (I am .erta%& that...) > %ll 5 .o&tra.t? (I -rom%se)? threat?
deal? offer
Ex. He1ll !e late. He1s alays late. Ex: I1ll hel- you %th your homeor6.
@%ll I -ass the exam9 Shall I do %t for you9 ( 9 offers)
> o&1t 5 (I am .erta%& that... &ot...) > o&1t 5 (I refuse)
Ex. He o&1t .ome to s.hool today. Ex. I o&1t do the d%shes.
> may 5 (I th%&6 %t1s -oss%!le that...) > may 5 as6%&g8g%'%&g -erm%ss%o&
(formal)
Ex. They may &ot 6&o your address. Ex. 0ou may lea'e the room &o.
(&o Auest%o&s %th may to as6 a!out May I go to the to%let9
the -oss%!%l%ty of someth%&g ha--e&%&g?
%&stead e use .ould8.ould&1t or the -hrase
(!e l%6ely), eg: (#re you l%6ely to !e %& S-a%&
aga%& th%s summer9))
> .a&8 .ould 5 (I th%&6 %t1s -oss%!le, !ut %& my > .a& 5 a!%l%ty
o-%&%o&, ge&erally the o--os%te %s true.) Ex. She .a& dr%'e 'ery ell.
Exs: @ome& .a& !e good dr%'ers.
Me& .a& !e t%dy. > .a& 5 -erm%ss%o& (%&formal)
I .a& !e 'ery !ad:tem-ered. Ex. *a& I o-e& the %&do9
It .a& s&o %& May. 0ou .a& go a&d -lay &o.
> .a&1t8 .ould&1t 5 (It1s %m-oss%!le) > .a&1t 5 &ot a!le to
Ex. It .a&1t !e M%.hel Ba.6so&. He1s dead. Ex. He .a&1t -lay the gu%tar.
> should 5 (%ll) %& a -erfe.t orld, !ut > should 5 g%'%&g8as6%&g for ad'%.e
e do&1t l%'e %& a -erfe.t orld. Exs. 0ou should see a do.tor.
Exs. The !us should !e here %& 7 m%&utes. Should I .all h%m or &ot9
0ou should&1t ha'e a&y -ro!lems.
I should !e there are <:CC.
> should&1t 5 (o&1t) %& a -erfe.t orld... > should&1t 5 (I ad'%se ... &ot...)
Ex. The !us should&1t !e late. Ex. 0ou should&1t s-e&d all your
mo&ey.
> m%ght 5 (I th%&6 that %t1s -oss%!le !ut...) > m%ght 8 m%ght &ot 5 -ol%te -erm%ss%o& 8
Ex. I m%ght go to your -arty. sar.ast%.
Ex. # =our&al%st as6%&g a -ol%t%.%a&: (M%ght I
as6 you a Auest%o&9)
> m%ght &ot 5 (I th%&6 that %t1s -oss%!le...
&ot, !ut...)
ex. He m%ght &ot !e the th%ef.
> must 5 (!ased o& the e'%de&.e8my ex-er%e&.e > must 5 o!l%gat%o& %th the -oer to
e&for.e %t?
th%s %s hat I !el%e'e...) d%re.t s-ee.h o&ly?letter of la (%&.lud%&g
&ot%.es)
Ex. 0ou ha'e&1t eate&. 0ou must !e hu&gry.
Not%.e: the &egat%'e of (must) %& th%s .ase
%s (.a&1t) (see a!o'e) Ex. 0ou must tur& off your -ho&e. (a s%g& %&
hos-%tal)
Not%.e: %f you do&1t ha'e the -oer to
(e&for.e the o!l%gat%o&), use (ha'e to).
Ex: a father to h%s so&:
0ou must do hat your mum says.
The father has the -oer.
0ou ha'e to do hat your mum says.
The mother has the -oer.
> must&1t 5 -roh%!%t%o&
Ex. 0ou must&1t smo6e here.
Notice: dont have to = NO NEED
> .ould:
a) a!le to !ut D I .ould hel- you !ut I &eed to
go.
!) -ol%te a!%l%ty
#: *ould you hel- me9
": 0es, I .a&. (a&d I %ll)
Or
": 0es, I .ould. (!ut I o&1t)
.) -ast a!%l%ty D I .ould dr%'e he& I as 1/.
> .ould&1t 5 &ot a!le to ( %& the -ast)
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