Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Kazuaki Tani
(1)
probability conditional example time
100% zero conditional If you heat ice, it melts. any time
50% first conditional If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
10% If I won the lottery, I would (I'd) buy a car.
0% If I were you, I would not do such a thing.
0% If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a car.
If I had been you, I would not have done such a thing.
if
(2)
if
zero conditional 100% 0%
first conditional 50% 50%
second conditional 10% 90%
0% 100%
third condiotinal 0% 100%
(3)
Zero Conditional
if
If you heat ice, it melts.
People get hungry if they don't eat.
If nature is destroyed, human being cannot
live. ()
if when
When I get up late I miss my bus.
imagine
Now imagine that the rocket is cruising at a significant fraction of the speed of light relative to
the earth.
- 2 -
First Conditional
urgency importance requestorder
(1)Be be not
(2)
to
(3)should should
(4)you he she
(1)
advise propose consent
ask recommend direct
command request intend
demand suggest move ()
desire urge order
insist (on) advocate prefer
require specify stipulate
necessitate decide decree
beg resolve
(1)
The boss insisted that Sam not be at the meeting.
(2)
Jake recommended that Susan be hired immediately.
(3)
It is important that you be standing there when he gets off the plane.
should
should suggest, recommend, insist
The doctor recommended that she should see a specialist about the problem.
Professor William suggested that Wilma should study harder for the final exam.
()
You sneezed! God bless you.
God blesses you each day.
I suggest that John arrive on Tuesdays this month.
I believe that John arrives on Tuesdays during this month.
Hide it lest he (should) see it. = Hide it so he doesn't see it. (lest )
I was afraid lest he (should) come too late.
Second Conditional
(1)if
If I were you, I would accept his offer. Were I you, I would accept his offer.
What would happen if we were to lose the secret of making fire?
What would happen, were we to lose the secret of making fire?
Third Conditional
If + , [would, should, could, might]+
(1)
(2)BUT FOR rule
P Q
The accident would not have occurred if it had not been for Jim's negligence.
The accident would not have occurred but for Jim's negligence.
(3)
Of course, if it had been for me, it would have been too late!
If there had been a little man waving back, we would have been right there.
8.
I could kill you for saying that to me.
4
I should think so.
Would you like to leave a message?
Could you do me a favor?
- 8 -
5
A. Present result of past condition:
Form If +
If + past perfect Present conditional
If I had worked harder at school, I would have a better job now.
If we had looked at the map, we wouldn't be lost.
B. Past result of present or continuing condition.
Form If +
If + simple past Perfect conditional
If I wasn't afraid of spiders, I would have picked it up.
If we didn't trust him, we would have sacked him months ago.
6if
(1)If it were not for
If it weren't for the police, I think those burglars would have got away with even more.
(1) that
, .
.
(2) I hope,
Im afraid
(2)as if / as though()