1 2 3

J 0.25 J 0.05
J 1.0 J 1.25
Ref. Bus
EE2351 POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
UNIT-1
PART-A
1. Write four ways of modified Bus Impedance Matrix.
2. What are the advantages of per unit system?
3. What are the components of power system?
4. If the reactance in ohms is 15 ohms, find the p.u. value for a base of 15 KV A and
10 KV
5. What are the approximations made in reactance diagram?
6. Define per unit value.
7. What is Bus Impedance Matrix?
UNIT-1
PART-B
1. Determine Z
BUS
using Bus Impedance Matrix building algorithm by adding the lines
as per the increasing element number. The reactance diagram of the system is shown
in Fig. (16)





2. Draw an impedance diagram for the electric power system shown in
figure. The ratings are given below. All impedances are in per unit on a
base of 100 MVA. Choose 20 kV as the voltage base for generator. Three
phase power and line-line ratings are given below. (16)
G: 90MVA 20kV X=9%
T
l
: 80 MVA 20/200 kV X= 16%
T
2
: 80 MVA 200/20 kV X= 20%
M: 90MVA 18 kV X=9%
Line: 200 kV 200 kV X = 120 Ohms
Load: 20 kV 20kV S = 48 MW + j 64MVar
3. The parameters of a 4 Bus system are as follows (16)

Draw the network and find Bus Admittance Matrix





4. Find the bus impedance matrix for the. 4-bus system shown in figure. Consider bus-4
as the reference bus (16)















Bus Code
Line I mpedance
(p.u.)
Line Charging
Admittances(p.u.)
1 - 2 0.2 +j 0.8 j 0.02
2 - 3 0.3 +j 0.9 j 0.03
2 - 4 0.25 +j 1.0 j 0.04
3 - 4 0.2 +j 0.8 j 0.02
1 - 2 0.1 +j 0.4 j 0.01
UNIT-2
PART-A
1. What is the necessity for slack bus?
2. What are the data required for a load flow study?
3. Mention the classification of Buses.
4. What are the advantages of Gauss - Seidal method?
5. What are the informations that are obtained from a power flow study?
6. What is PQ Bus?
7. What is Off Nominal tap Ratio [O.N.R.]?
8. What is Jacobian Matrix?
UNIT-2
PART-B

1. The following is the system data for a load flow solution
Bus code: 1-2 1-3 2-3 2-4 3-4
Admittance: 2-j8 1-j4 0.6-j3 1-j3 2-j6

The schedule of active and reactive power is
Bus code P Q V Remarks
1 - - 1.05+jO.0 Slack
2 -0.5 -0.2 1.0+0.0 PQ
3 -0.4 -0.3 1.0+0.0 PQ
4 -0.3 -0.1 1+0.0 PQ
Determine the voltage at the end of first iteration using Gauss-Seidal
method. (16)
2. Explain step by step procedure for Newton Raphson method of load flow studies (16)

3. Consider the power system with following data

-j12 j8 j4
Y
Bus
= j8 -j12 j4
j4 j4 -j8

Generation Load Voltage
Bus No. Type P Q P Q Magnitude Angle
1 Slack - - - 1.0 0
2 P-V 5.0 - 0 - 1.05 -
3 P-Q 0 0 3.0 0.5 - -
Assume that the Bus 2 can supply any amount of reactive power. With a flat start,
perform the first iteration of power flow analysis using Newton-Raphson method (16)
4. Discuss in detail about Gauss-seidal flow analysis algorithm and give steps for its
implementation when PV buses also present in the system (16)





















UNIT-3
PART-A
1. Distinguish symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults.
2. What is meant by fault level?
3. Distinguish between symmetrical and unsymmetrical short circuits.
4. What is the need for short circuit studies?
5. Mention two objectives of short circuit analysis.
6. What is meant by doubling effect?
7. What is meant by a fault?
8. List the symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults that occur in a power system.
9. Distinguish between symmetrical and unsymmetrical short circuits.

UNIT-3

PART-B
1. For the radial network shown, a 3 phase fault occurs at F. Determine the
fault current and the line voltage at 11 KV bus under fault condition. (16)

(U) (16)







2. With a help of a detailed flowchart, explain how a symmetrical fault is calculated (16)

3. A 3-ph, 5 MV A, 6.6 KV alternator with a reactance of 8% is connected to a feeder of
series impedance of (0.12 + j 0.48) ohms/phase per km. The transformer is rated at
3 MV A, 6.6 kV/ 33 kV and has a reactance of 5%. Determine the fault current supplied by
the generator operating under no-load with a voltage of 6.9 kV, when a 3-ph symmetrical
fault occurs at a point 15 km along the feeder. (16)

4. The bus impedance matrix of 4-bus system with values in p.u is given by,




In this system generators are connected to buses 1 and 2 and their
sub transient reactances were included when finding Z
BUS
. If pre-fault current is neglected,
find sub transient current in p.u. in the fault for a
3-ph fault on bus-4. Assume pre fault voltage as 1 p.u. If the sub
transient reactance of generator in bus-2 is 0.2 p.u., find the sub
transient fault current supplied by generator. (16)


















0.15 0.08 0.04 0.07
0.08 0.15 0.06 0.09
Z
BUS
= j 0.04 0.06 0.13 0.05
0.07 0.09 0.05 0.12
UNIT-4
PART-A
1. Draw the sequence network connections corresponding to L-L fault at bus
2. What are symmetrical components?
3. What are the causes of unsymmetrical fault?
4. Draw the sequence networks for a Y-Y connected transformer
5. Draw the zero sequence network of a - connected Transformer?
6. What is zero sequence impedance?
7. What are phase faults

8. What are ground faults?
UNIT-4
PART-B
1. Find the fault current when L-L fault occurs at the terminals of an unloaded generator.
(16)
2. A single line diagram of a power network is shown in Fig.


















Generator grounding reactance is 0.5 p.u. Draw sequence networks and
calculate the fault current for a line-to-line fault on phases b and c at
point q. Assume 1.0 p.u. pre fault voltage throughout. (16)

3. Drive the expression for fault current in Line to ground fault for an unloaded
Generator (16)


Element

Positive sequence
reactance
(p.u.)

Negative sequence
reactance
(p.u.)

Zero sequence
reactance'
(p.u.)

Generator G 0.1 0.12 0.05
Motor M
1
0.05 0.06 0.025
Motor M
2
0.05 0.06 0.025
Transformer T
l
0.07 0.07 0.07
Transformer T
2
0.08 0.08 0.08
Line 0.10 0.10 0.10
4. Derive an expression for the total power in three phase system in terms of sequence
components of voltages and currents (8)

5. Discuss in detail about the sequence impedances of transmission lines. (8)
























UNIT-5
PART-A
1. Define infinite bus in a power system
2. What is meant by power angle curve?
3. What is an infinite bus?
4. What is meant by critical clearing angle?
5. What is voltage stability?
6. State two techniques to improve stability of power systems.
7. Define transient stability and transient stability limit
8. What is critical clearing angle and critical clearing time?
9. Define steady state stability.
UNIT-5
PART-B
1. Derive swing equation for a single machine connected to infinite bus system. State
the usefulness of this equation. State the reasons for non-linearity of this equation.
(16)
2. Derive the power angle equation for a

(i) SMIB system. Also draw the power-angle curve. (10)
(ii) A generator having Xd = 0.7 p.u. delivers rated load at a power factor of 0.8
lagging. Find Pe, Qe, E and . (6)

3. Using equal area criterion, derive an expression for critical clearing angle for a system
having a generator feeding a large system through a double circuit line. (16)

4. Explain steady state, dynamic and transient stability (16)