House of Valois

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House of Valois
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[1]
The House of Valois
[2]
(French pronunciation: [valwa]) was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, succeeding the
House of Capet (or "Direct Capetians") as kings of France from 1328 to 1589. A cadet branch of the family reigned
as dukes of Burgundy from 1363 to 1482.
The Valois descended from Charles, Count of Valois (1270-1325), the fourth son of King Philip III of France
(reigned 1270-1285). They based their claim on the Salic law, which excluded females (Joan II of Navarre) as well
as male descendants through the distaff line (Edward III of England), from the succession to the French throne.
Unexpected inheritance
The Capetian dynasty seemed secure both during and after the reign of Philip IV from 1285 to 1313. Philip had left
three surviving sons (Louis, Philip and Charles) and a daughter (Isabella). Each son became king in turn but died
young without male heirs, leaving only daughters who could not inherit the throne. When Charles IV died in 1328,
the French succession became more problematic.
In 1328 three candidates had plausible claims to the throne:
1. Philip, Count of Valois, son of Charles of Valois, who was the closest heir in male line and a grandson of Philip
III. Because his father was the brother of the late Philip IV, he was therefore a nephew of Philip IV and the cousin
of Louis X, Philip V and Charles IV. Further, Charles IV had chosen him as the regent before his death.
2. Philip, Count of vreux, another nephew of Philip IV and cousin of the three most recent Capetian kings. He
strengthened his position by marrying Joan of France, daughter of Louis X.
3. Edward III of England, son of Isabella of France, daughter and only surviving child of Philip IV. Edward claimed
to be the heir as a male descendant of Philip IV.
House of Valois
2
Philip III
of France
r.
1270-1285
Philip IV
of France
r.
1285-1314
Charles of
Valois
1270-1325
Louis of
vreux
1276-1319
Louis X
of France
r.
1314-1316
Philip V
of France
r.
1316-1322
Charles
IV of
France
r.
1322-1328
Isabella
of
France
Edward
II of
England
Philip of
Valois
b. 1293
Philip of
vreux
b. 1306
Joan of
France
b. 1312
Edward
III of
England
b. 1312
The claimants to the French throne in 1328
In England, Isabella of France claimed the throne on behalf of her son. Similarly to French conventions, the English
law of succession did not allow the succession of females,
[3]
but allowed the succession through the female line (as
occurred de facto with Henry II of England). The French rejected Isabella's claims, arguing that since she herself, as
a woman, could not succeed, then she could not transmit any such right to her son. Thus the French authorities chose
Philip of Valois, who became Philip VI of France. The throne of Navarre went its separate way, to Joan of France,
daughter of Louis X, who became Joan II of Navarre.
Because diplomacy and negotiation had failed, Edward III would have to back his claims with force to obtain the
French throne. For a few years, England and France maintained an uneasy peace. Eventually, an escalation of
conflict between the two kings led to the confiscation of the duchy of Aquitaine (1337). Instead of paying homage to
the French king, as his ancestors had done, Edward claimed that he was the rightful King of France. These events
helped launch the Hundred Years War (1337-1453) between England and France.
House of Valois
3
List of Valois kings of France
French Monarchy
Capetian Dynasty
(House of Valois)
Philip VI
Children
John II
John II
Children
Charles V
Louis I of Anjou
John, Duke of Berry
Philip the Bold
Charles V
Children
Charles VI
Louis, Duke of Orlans
Charles VI
Children
Isabella of Valois
Michelle of Valois
Catherine of Valois
Charles VII
Charles VII
Children
Louis XI
Charles, Duke of Berry
Louis XI
Children
Charles VIII
Charles VIII
House of Valois
4
French Monarchy-
Capetian Dynasty, House of Valois
(Valois-Orlans branch)
Louis XII
Children
Claude of France
Rene of France
Francis I
Children
Francis, Dauphin of Viennois
Henry II
Magdalene, Queen of Scots
Charles of Valois
Margaret, Duchess of Savoy
Henry II
Children
Francis II
Elizabeth, Queen of Spain
Claude, Duchess of Lorraine
House of Valois
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Louis, Duke of Orlans
Charles IX
Henry III
Margaret, Queen of Navarre
Francis, Duke of Anjou
Joan of Valois
Victoria of Valois
Francis II
Charles IX
Henry III
Valois (direct)
Philip VI, the Fortunate 13281350, son of Charles of Valois
John II, the Good 13501364
Charles V, the Wise 13641380
Charles VI, the Well-Beloved, later known as the Mad 13801422
Charles VII, the Victorious or the Well-Served 14221461
Louis XI, the Universal Spider 14611483
Charles VIII, the Affable 14831498
Valois-Orlans
Louis XII, the Father of His People 14981515, great-grandson of Charles V of France
Valois-Angoulme
Francis I 15151547, great-great-grandson of Charles V of France
Henry II 15471559
Francis II 15591560
Charles IX 15601574
Henry III 15741589
The application of the Salic Law meant that with the extinction of the Valois line on the male side, the Bourbon
Dynasty followed as descendants of Louis IX.
House of Valois
6
Valois king of Poland
Henry III of France 15731574
Other significant titles held by the House of Valois
Counts and Dukes of Alenon
House of Valois-Alenon
Charles II, count (13251346), second son of Charles of Valois
Charles III, count (13461361)
Peter II, count (13611391)
John I, count (13911414)
John I, duke (14141415)
John II, duke (14151424 and 14491474)
Ren I, duke (14781492)
Charles IV, duke (14921525)
Counts and Dukes of Anjou
House of Valois-Anjou
Louis I, duke (13601383) (also king of Jerusalem and Naples as Louis I), second son of John II of France
Louis II (13771417), son of (also king of Naples as Louis II)
Louis III (14031434), son of (also king of Naples as Louis III)
Ren I (14091480), brother of (also king of Jerusalem and Naples as Ren I)
Charles IV (14361481),
Dukes of Burgundy
House of Valois-Burgundy
Philip II the Bold (13631404), fourth son of John II of France
John II the Fearless (14041419)
Philip III the Good (14191467)
Charles I the Bold (14671477)
Mary I the Rich (14771482)
Dukes of Brabant
House of Valois-Burgundy-Brabant
Anthony I (14061415), second son of Philip the Bold of Burgundy
John IV (14151427)
Philip I (14271430)
Counts of Nevers
House of Valois-Burgundy-Nevers
Philip II (14041415), third son of Philip the Bold of Burgundy
Charles I (14151464)
John II (14641491)
House of Valois
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Dukes of Orlans
House of Valois-Orlans
Louis I, Duke of Orlans (13721407), younger son of Charles V of France
Charles, Duke of Orlans (13941465)
Louis II, Duke of Orlans (14621515), later also King of France as Louis XII
Counts of Angoulme
House of Valois-Orlans-Angoulme
John, Count of Angoulme (13991467), a younger son of Louis I, Duke of Orlans
Charles, Count of Angoulme (14591496)
Francis, Count of Angoulme (14941547), later also King of France as Francis I
Illegitimate family branches
House of Valois-Dunois, counts of Longueville (see Jean de Dunois)
House of Valois-Saint-Remy, counts of Saint-Rmy (see Jeanne of Valois-Saint-Rmy)
Forms of address
Forms of address for Valois kings included "Most Christian Majesty".
References
[1] http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ w/ index. php?title=Template:History_of_France& action=edit
[2] Valois meaning, literally, "of the valley" or "from the valley"
[3] [3] The contested reign in the early 12th century of Mathilda, Lady of the English, had not set a good precedent, occasioning lengthy civil war..
*Royal House*
House of Valois
Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty
Precededby
House of Capet
Ruling House of France
13281589
Succeededby
House of Bourbon
Precededby
Capetian House of Burgundy
Ruling House of the Duchy of
Burgundy
13631482
Succeededby
House of Habsburg
Article Sources and Contributors
8
Article Sources and Contributors
House of Valois Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=606855532 Contributors: AjaxSmack, Antiochus Magnus, Attilios, Biruitorul, BlueMoonlet, Cantus, Caspian blue,
Center-for-Medieval-Studies, Charles, Chester Markel, D, Dajhan, DavidRF, Davidruben, Didactohedron, Dimadick, Durova, Elonka, Equendil, Fdewaele, FinnWiki, Galoubet, GoodDay,
Greenshed, GregorB, HENRY V OF ENGLAND, Hayabusa future, Henrygb, IZAK, Ioakar, Iridescent, Island, Itai, Jamespeterka, Jandalhandler, Jeffq, John K, Kapetinger, Kiril Simeonovski,
Ksyrie, KuatofKDY, Kwamikagami, LarRan, Lostfan16, MK8, Marsal20, Michaelsanders, Modeha, Morwen, Muriel Gottrop, NYArtsnWords, Narvalo, Neddyseagoon, Octahedron80, Ogress,
Ohconfucius, Olivier, PBS, PKM, PatrickCV, Paul Martin, Pearle, Pekayer11, Philrmatthews, Pit, Postdlf, Prezboy1, RJFJR, Rachel1, Raven in Orbit, Rbrwr, Reigen, Rjwilmsi, Ronstew, Rorro,
Ryn78, Saforrest, Sazaedo, Scafloc, Schekinov Alexey Victorovich, Seresin, Sfdan, Sikon, SimonP, Sionus, Sotakeit, Squash Racket, Stijn Calle, Sun Creator, Surtsicna, Tbone, Template
namespace initialisation script, TheLeopard, Theelf29, Tpbradbury, Twittenham, Txomin, Victoriaearle, Webasart, Whouk, Will2710, Wizardist, Zigger, Zoe, 90 anonymous edits
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