DESIGN OF BOLT:

A. Sample bolt design for main diagonal member for axial load &
biaxial moment.
Actual Shear = 561 KN
Moment (out plane) My = 77.5 KN-m
Moment (in plane) Mz = 26.6 KN-m
Bolt Dia. Assumed = 24 mm
Effective bolt area = 0.78 * /4 * d
2
(78 to 80% of gross area of bolt as given in IS CODE&
Design of steel structure N. Subramanian pg. 346)

= 0.78 * (/4 * 24
2)
1
= 352.863 mm
2
Member size = 300 mm (BUILT UP 300X300X12)
Plate width assumed/provided = Member size + 4*edge distance
= 300 + 4 * 50
= 500 mm
Plate thickness assumed = 20 mm
Number of gusset plate provided = 2
Design of connecting plate:
a. Check for stresses:
For E250 grade plate & plate thickness less than 20mm, yield stress (fy) =250 N/ mm
2

Additional force due to out of plane moment per plate = My / member size
=77.5/(300/1000) = 258.33 KN
Therefore total shear per plate = Additional force due to My + (Actual shear/2)
= 258.33 + (561/2) = 538.83 KN
Plate area = (Plate width 2*hole dia.)* Plate thickness
= {500-[2*(1.5+24)]} * 20 = 8980 mm
2
Z = t*b
2
/6, t= thk. of plate & b = width of plate
= {20*(500--[2*(1.5+24)])
2
} / 6
= 672003.33 mm
3
1) Stress due to total shear = (538.83*10
3
)/plate area = 60 N/mm
2
2) Bending stress for single plate,
(Mz/Z) divided by no. of plate provided = 26.625*10
6
/672003.33*2
` = 19.81 N/mm
2
Stress in Plate for My and Mz is given by= Total shear including effect of (
My Plate area ) + MzZ
= 60 + 19.81 = 79.81 N/m
2
2
Permissible stress in plate = 0.6*250 =150 N/mm
2

Therefore, stress in plate < permissible stress. Hence, OK.
Shear capacity of bolt:
Shear capacity = Permissible stress in shearing x Area of bolt
Now,
Permissible stress in shearing shall be given by the max. permissible stress in bolt for
shear (
vf
) multiplied by the ratio of its yield stress or 0.2% proof stress or 0.7 times its tensile
strength, whichever is lesser, to 235 mpa. (Clause 8.9.4.3 IS 800 1984 )
For 5.6 grade tensile strength (f
u
) = 500 & yield stress (f
y
) = 300
vf
= 80 N/ mm
2
(for bolts in
clearance hole)
Therefore, modification factor is lesser of the following =
1) f
y
/ 235 = 300/235 = 1.277
2) 0.7 * f
u
/ 235 = 0.7*500 /235 = 1.489

So, Permissible stress in shearing = 1.277 * 80 (Table 8.1, IS 800 1984 )
= 102.12 N/mm
2
Permissible stress in tension = 1.277 * 120 (Table 8.1, IS 800 1984)
= 153.24 N/mm
2
Therefore, shear capacity of single bolt = Permissible stress in shear * Area of single bolt.
= 102.12 * (/4 * 24
2
)
= 46.2 KN
Tension capacity of single bolt = Permissible stress in tension * Effective bolt area of single
bolt.
= 153.24 * (0.78*/4 * 24
2
)
= 54.07 KN
Force due to moment (M
z
), F
m
= Mz rr2 * , where r is the distance of the rivet from the cg
of the bolt group.
Critical case will be when r is farthest from C.G
3
Therefore F
m
= (26.6*1000*274.15)/676875 = 5.3918 KN
Assuming 2 columns of bolt and 6 rows of bolt and no. of gusset plate = 2, we get,
No. of bolt = 2*6*2 = 24 nos.
Force due to shear; F
a
= Actual Shear/ No. of bolt = 561/ 24 =23.38 KN
Resultant force on bolt due to moment and shear = Fa2 Fm 2 2 Fa Fm cos + + * * +
Where, = angle between forces F
a
and F
m
acting on a bolt (Reference book Design of steel
structure by L.S.Negi, page no. 36 and Design of steel structures by N. Subramaniam,
example 5.22)
Therefore resultant force as calculated = 27.5564 KN < Shear capacity . Hence Ok.
Resultant force on bolt due to out of plane moment, M
y
= 25.54 KN < Tension capacity .
Hence Ok.
Check for combined shear and tension as per clause 8.9.4.5, IS 800 1984,
If { Resultant tensionAllowable tension + Resultant ShearAllowable
Shear } 1.4, Safe.
2 !! "# . . + 2# $!!$ 2 . . = 1.07 1.4. Hence, Safe.
Fig. a) Screen shot of bolt design in excel
B. Sample bolt design for member with axial load only.
4
Actual Shear = 88.7 KN at node 32
Bolt Dia. Assumed = 16 mm
Member size = 125 mm (2ISMC125)
Plate width assumed/provided = Member size + 4*edge distance
= 125 + 4 * 50
= 325 mm
Plate thickness assumed = 12 mm
Number of gusset plate provided = 1
Design of connecting plate:
b. Check for stresses:
5
For E250 grade plate & plate thickness less than 20mm, yield stress (fy) =250 N/ mm
2

Stress in Plate = Actual shearPlate area + MZ
Plate area = (Plate width 2*hole dia.)* Plate thickness
= {325-[2*(1.5*16)]} * 12 = 3324 mm
2
Bending stress, M/Z = 0, (Since moment is zero in this case)
Therefore stress in plate = (88.7*10
3
)/3324 =26.684 N/mm
2
Permissible stress in plate = 0.6*250 =150 N/mm
2

Therefore, stress in plate < permissible stress. Hence, OK.
c. Check for plate area:
If gusset area of plate provided is greater than 0.8 times the cross-section area of the
connecting member it is safe.
Gusset area of the plate provided = 3324 mm
2
0.8 * area of connecting member =0.8*3238 =2590.4 mm
2
Therefore, 3324 > 2590.4. Hence, OK.
Shear capacity of bolt:
Shear capacity = Permissible stress in shearing x Area of bolt
Now,
Permissible stress in shearing shall be given by the max. permissible stress in bolt for
shear (
vf
) multiplied by the ratio of its yield stress or 0.2% proof stress or 0.7 times its tensile
strength, whichever is lesser, to 235 mpa. (Clause 8.9.4.3 IS 800 1984 )
For 5.6 grade tensile strength (f
u
) = 500 & yield stress (f
y
) = 300
vf
= 80 N/ mm
2
(for bolts in
clearance hole)
Therefore, modification factor is lesser of the following =
3) f
y
/ 235 = 300/235 = 1.277
4) 0.7 * f
u
/ 235 = 0.7*500 /235 = 1.489

So, Permissible stress = 1.277 * 80 (Table 8.1, IS 800 1984 )
= 102.12 N/mm
2
6
Therefore, shear capacity of single bolt = Permissible stress * Area of single bolt.
= 102.12 * /4 * 16
2
= 20.532 KN
Hence, number of bolt required = Actual Shear / Shear capacity of single bolt
= 88.7 / 20.532
= 4.32 nos.
Therefore, provide 6 nos. of bolt in two column and three rows.

Typical Design of Weld :
Assuming gusset plate thickness = 20mm
Connecting member = B/U 300*300*12
Maximum weld size = Gusset plate thickness * (3/4) = 15mm
Weld thickness provided = 8mm
7
Weld length 1 = width of member = 300mm
Weld length 2 = gusset plate length = 475mm
Stress due to shear = (Actual Shear*1000)/(0.7*weld thk.*weld length 1* No. of gusset plate)
=83.48 N/mm
2
Stress due to M
z
= (Moment*10
6
/weld length 2)/(0.7*weld thk.*weld length 1* No. of gusset
plate) =16.68 N/mm
2
Therefore total stress = 83.48 + 16.68 = 100.16 < 108 N/mm
2
. Hence OK.
Stress due to M
y
= ( M
y
* 10
6
/weld length 1) / (0.7*weld thk.*weld length 2* No. of gusset
plate) = 48.54 < 108 N/mm
2
. Hence OK.
Fig. b) showing typical connection detail
8
9